JP4481167B2 - Thermal spray equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

A frame element (6) of the powder injection unit projects in the flame injection direction from the end piece. The frame element partly surrounds a flame zone extending from the end piece.

Description

  The present invention includes means for generating a flame and means for injecting powder into the flame, the flame generating means including an end piece from which the flame is guided toward a substrate to be sprayed. It relates to a thermal spraying device.

  A “thermal spraying device” is called a flame generating device that can be used to deposit a metal or ceramic coating on a substrate and may include various plasma spray guns, flame jet devices, HVOF, and the like. .

  The technical field of the present invention is a substrate, in particular a metal or ceramic thermal barrier coating, in particular a structural member in an aerospace structure, more particularly a substrate that is a motor component thereof. It is related with what is attached to. However, the present invention is not limited to the applications described above, and many applications other than this relatively narrow field can be found.

  Prior art apparatus for plasma spraying powder onto a substrate includes a plasma jet generating means and one or more powder injection ports through which the powder is injected against the plasma jet.

  Conventional plasma jet guns such as the widely used F4 Sulzer Metco gun include an end piece through which the plasma jet is guided from the gun toward the substrate to be deposited. . The end piece is fitted with a shoulder or knob equipped with a nozzle for injecting powder into and into the plasma jet.

  During operations in which the powder is injected into the plasma jet, melted and applied to the substrate, a characteristic flow pattern is created as the powder reaches the jet. Often, even under standard operating conditions, powder backflow can return to the nozzle, causing its clogging. Larger agglomerated particles of powder clogging in the nozzle or end piece will sooner or later become free and ejected into the jet, thereby causing confusion in the thermal spraying process, swelling in the coating and It creates a lump.

  One object of the present invention is to provide a thermal spraying device with improved powder yield, i.e., a thermal spraying device with improved efficiency compared to equivalent devices according to the prior art. In other words, the device according to the present invention should reduce the consumption of powder and guarantee a result equal to or better than the prior art devices.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide a thermal spray apparatus in which the tendency to have an adverse backflow of powder that causes nozzle clogging is reduced or even eliminated.

  A further object of the present invention is to obtain an improved spray rate, i.e. a reduction in spray time for a given amount of powder used while maintaining sufficient quality of the coating to be applied. .

  The object of the present invention is characterized in that the powder injection means comprises a frame member projecting from the end piece in the flame ejection direction, the frame member at least partially surrounding a flame zone extending from the end piece, This is achieved by the thermal spraying device defined in. At least one quarter of the circumference of the flame zone, ie 90 °, is surrounded by the frame portion.

  Thanks to its enclosure being at least partly annular in shape of the frame member, an improved flow pattern is obtained and the tendency for backflow is significantly reduced. Typically, the shape and / or dimensions of the inner periphery of the portion of the frame member protruding in the flame direction corresponds to that of the end piece of the flame generating means. Nozzles (each nozzle) or powder port (each powder port) are arranged in the protruding part of the frame member, so that the powder jet moves from the inner periphery of the frame member towards the central flame in the radial direction. It is guided perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction or partially obliquely to the longitudinal direction of the flame.

  According to one preferred embodiment, the frame member covers at least 180 °, preferably at least 270 °, or most preferably 360 ° of the circumference of the flame zone extending from the end piece.

  Preferably, the frame member defines a ring-shaped member and is designed as a continuous ring with a continuous inner circumference extending throughout and covering 360 °. However, as an alternative, it should be understood that it can also be constituted by two or more individual ring portions, each defining a division of the frame member. These individual ring portions need not form a frame member having a continuous inner circumference, and it is equally possible to define a discontinuous intermittent ring, and as a result, in its circumferential direction, the entire Extending over and covering at least 180 °, preferably covering at least 270 °. One or more nozzles or powder ports may be arranged between the individual ring portions or ring segments.

  Preferably, the frame member has an inner periphery whose cross section corresponds to the geometric shape of the inner cross section of the end piece. The cross section should exhibit rotational symmetry.

  According to one preferred embodiment of the invention, at least the part of the frame member projecting beyond the end piece in the flame ejection direction comprises at least one radial through hole. The holes provide flame air cooling to stabilize the flow in the powder injection region. Apart from the openings defined by the holes in the inner periphery of the frame member and the powder injection nozzles that may be present, the inner peripheral surface of the protruding portion is generally flat, negating the flow pattern of the flame and the injected powder. It does not present any projections that are confusing.

  Preferably, the frame member includes a plurality of radial through holes, typically at least six, and more preferably includes more than ten radial through holes. The holes should be evenly distributed around the frame member. As a result, uniform flow conditions can be achieved throughout the central flame or jet.

  According to one embodiment, the end piece has an inner width or inner diameter d and the frame member protrudes by a distance p. The relationship between d and p is 0.5d <p <2d. This has proved to be a suitable relationship for end pieces with an inner diameter of at least 6 or 8 mm and is expected to be suitable for most other diameters in practice.

  When the end piece has an inner width or inner diameter d and the protruding portion of the frame member has an inner corresponding width or diameter D, D is equal to or greater than d, preferably D <1.2d. This relationship has proven appropriate for end pieces with an inner diameter d of at least 6 or 8 mm.

  According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, two or more powder injection ports for guiding the powder towards the flame are distributed on the inner circumference of the frame member. Thereby, an improved and more uniform powder distribution in the plasma jet is achieved. Since the sprayed powder is distributed through multiple nozzles, a large amount of powder per unit time avoids the same problem of instability that would occur if only one nozzle or port was used And can be injected into the plasma.

  Preferably, the powder injection ports are evenly distributed around the frame member. Thereby, the uniform distribution of the powder in the plasma is promoted. Preferably, the device includes or is connected to any means for evenly distributing the powder between the powder injectors.

  According to one embodiment, each powder injection port includes a nozzle inserted into a radial hole or opening through the frame member, wherein at least one or more through holes are defined in the nozzle. Is adapted to be housed therein. Thus, the frame member is equipped with a plurality of radial through holes extending from the outside to the inside of the frame member, allowing some medium, such as air, to pass through them. At least some of the holes are adapted to receive a nozzle or the like therein. For example, some holes may be provided with threads for engaging the nozzle, resulting in a more versatile device.

  The frame member should be removably attached to the end piece. For example, a portion of the frame member can be adapted to fit over the outer periphery of the end piece, and that portion of the frame member is provided with a clamping screw that penetrates the wall. Any type of clamp or the like can also be used to secure the frame member to the end piece.

  According to the present invention, the flame generated by the flame generating means is a plasma jet formed by flowing a gas flow in an annular passage between the cathode and the anode. Typically, the temperature of the jet can reach 15000 ° C., and the powder introduced into the plasma is melted and accelerated by the plasma jet before impinging on the substrate. It is possible to obtain speeds reaching 500 m per second.

  Additional features and advantages of the present invention will be presented in the following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the inventive apparatus.

  The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  1 and 2 show an end piece 1 of a thermal spraying device according to the prior art, more precisely a plasma spraying device. The apparatus comprises means 2 for generating a flame, here a plasma jet. Such means include a cathode and an anode, arranged in a manner known per se, as shown in FIG. 8, and defining an annular passage therebetween. It further comprises means 3 for injecting powder into the plasma jet.

  The end piece 1 includes a tube having a circular cross section, and may include an anode. The powder injection means 3 includes a shoulder or knob 4 attached to the end piece 1. The shoulder or knob 4 includes a radial hole that is penetrated by a powder injection nozzle 5 that defines a port for injecting powder toward the flame.

  FIG. 2 shows the manner in which only a small part of the flame is actually utilized during the injection from the single nozzle 5. Due to the small angle arc covered by the shoulder or knob 4, a backflow of powder that partially melts back is generated and adheres unfavorably to the nozzle 5.

3 and 4 show a reference example of the thermal spraying apparatus according to the present invention. The flame or plasma jet is generated by the same means as described in FIGS. The frame member 6 formed by the two individual ring portions 7, 8 covers approximately 180 ° of the flame circumference. In other words, it covers 50% of the circumference that the corresponding continuous ring would have covered. Here, each ring portion 7, 8 defines a partial arc covering at least 90 ° of the circumference.

  The frame member 6 protrudes in the longitudinal direction, which is the same as the flame direction, and extends the end piece 1. Each ring portion 7, 8 is provided with one or more radial holes, at least one of which is penetrated by the powder injection nozzle 5. Each nozzle 5 may be arranged and guided as described above with respect to the prior art nozzles in FIGS. Thanks to the dual nozzle configuration and the presence of the frame member 6, the tendency of the powder to flow backward is suppressed and a more stable and more effective plasma jet is achieved. Therefore, a high powder yield is achieved compared to the prior art.

In FIGS. 5 to 7 an embodiment of the device according to the invention is presented. The apparatus preferably includes flame generating means as described above in connection with FIGS. It differs from the reference example shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 in that it includes a frame member 6 formed by a single continuous ring.

  The ring 6 is detachably attached to the end of the end piece 1 in the direction of the plasma jet and projects beyond it by a distance p. The end piece 1 has an inner diameter d, 0.5d <p <2d, preferably d≈p.

The ring 6 has a circular inner circumference with a diameter D approximately equal to the inner diameter d of the end piece 1. More precisely, in this case, the diameter D corresponds to the inner diameter d of the end piece 1 plus the wall thickness of the end piece 1.

  The frame member 6 further includes a plurality of radial through holes 9 that are uniformly distributed around the protruding portion thereof. At least some of the holes 9 are provided with threads for engaging the powder injection nozzle 5 which can be accommodated therein. Alternatively, it is also possible that an independent collection of holes aligned or not aligned with the holes 9 is arranged to function as nozzle receiving holes or powder ports.

  The holes 9 are generally aligned with each other around the inner circumference of the ring 6. Those holes that do not accommodate the powder injection nozzle 5 contribute to the radial communication between the inside and the outside of the ring. Typically, the exterior includes an air atmosphere, and the holes 9 function as air cooling holes that further stabilize the jet and counteract the backflow of powder toward the nozzle 5.

  Preferably, the nozzles (i.e. powder ports) are evenly distributed around the inner circumference of the frame member 6 (at the same angular spacing as one another). Although the number of nozzles 5 can vary, computer simulations show that three nozzles are often preferred, resulting in beneficial powder yield (low powder loss) and stable flow conditions. Has been.

  In order to be easily attached to and detached from the end piece 1, the powder injection means 3, which is a frame member 6 here, is fitted over the end of the end piece 1 and fixed in place by a fixing screw 16. Adapted. Other connection means such as clamps can also be used as an alternative.

  A plasma spray apparatus according to the present invention is shown schematically in FIG. The device includes an anode 10 that surrounds a central cathode 11 and also forms a nozzle or annular passage for gas, such devices are well known in the state of the art and are described in further detail. Is not required. An electric arc or plasma jet 12 is generated by controlling the voltage difference between the anode 10 and the cathode 11 and flowing a gas flow through the nozzle. The apparatus further comprises means 3 for introducing a flow of powder particles 13 into the plasma jet 12 according to the invention. The jet 12 will be guided towards the substrate 15 and will carry the powder particles 13 towards the substrate 15 and at the same time at least partially melt the particles 13.

  A particular advantage of the present invention is the prior art single shoulder nozzle configuration in a plasma jet gun such as the F4 gun, where the frame member 6 as described above is widely used and still available on the market today. Instead, it can be used without requiring extensive work, resulting in improved powder yield, plasma jet efficiency and stability, and the risk of clogging the powder port A decrease in sex.

  It should be understood that the foregoing presentation regarding the present invention has been given by way of example and that alternative embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art. However, the scope of protection claimed is defined in the claims supported by the description and the accompanying drawings.

It is an enlarged view of the end piece of the thermal spraying apparatus equipped with the powder injection means according to a prior art. FIG. 2 is an end view of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1. Fig. 2 shows a reference example of the device according to Fig. 1 with powder injection means comprising two opposing nozzles arranged on a frame member formed by two individual ring parts. FIG. 4 is an end view of the apparatus shown in FIG. 3. 1 shows an embodiment of a thermal spray apparatus according to the present invention. FIG. 6 is an end view of the apparatus shown in FIG. 5. FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the frame member shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an exemplary plasma spray apparatus according to the present invention.

Claims (14)

A thermal spraying apparatus including means (1, 2) for generating a flame and means (3) for injecting powder into the flame, wherein the flame generating means (1, 2) is applied to a substrate to be sprayed. The powder injection means (3) includes a frame member (6) projecting from the end piece (1) in the flame ejection direction, the flame member being directed from the end piece (1) In the thermal spraying apparatus, which at least partially surrounds a flame zone extending from the end piece (1),
The frame member (6) has a plurality of first through holes for powder injection directed in the radial direction, arranged in the circumferential direction of the frame member (6),
The frame member (6) has a plurality of second through holes oriented in the radial direction, arranged in the circumferential direction of the frame member (6). An opening is provided to provide air cooling and stabilize the flow in the powder injection region, and the first through hole and the second through hole are arranged in a line in the circumferential direction of the frame member (6). A thermal spraying device, characterized by being arranged in The thermal spraying device according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame member (6) covers at least 90 ° of the circumference of the flame zone extending from the end piece (1).   The thermal spraying device according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame member (6) covers at least 270 ° of the circumference of the flame zone extending from the end piece (1). Frame members (6) are characterized by having a circular inner periphery of the cross section geometrically similar to the circular shape of the inner circumference of the cross section of the e Ndopisu (1) of claims 1 to 3 The thermal spraying apparatus in any one . Frame member (6) is characterized by defining a ring-shaped member, spray apparatus of any crab of claims 1 to 4. The thermal spraying device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein at least six of the plurality of first through holes and the plurality of second through holes are opened in total. Said plurality of first through-hole and the through hole comprising a plurality of second through-holes, characterized in that it is uniformly distributed around the frame member (6), any crab of claims 1 to 6 The thermal spraying apparatus described. End piece (1) has an inner width or inner diameter d, the frame member (6) protrudes by a distance p, any of 0.5d <p <characterized in that it is a 6d, of claims 1 to 7 The thermal spraying apparatus of crab . The end piece (1) has an inner width or inner diameter d and the protruding part of the frame member (6) has a corresponding inner width or diameter D, where D is equal to or greater than d. and characterized in that, the thermal spraying apparatus of any crab of claims 1 to 8. Two or more powder injection ports for guiding the powder towards the flame (5), characterized in that allocated to the first through-hole of the frame member (6), any crab of claims 1 to 9 The thermal spraying apparatus described. 11. Thermal spraying device according to claim 10 , characterized in that the powder injection ports (5) are distributed uniformly around the frame member (6). Each powder injection ports (5) are those containing a nozzle which is inserted into the radial hole or opening through the frame member, at least one of the first through-hole, before Symbol Nozzle characterized in that the adapted to house in the first through-hole, spray apparatus of claim 10 or 11. The thermal spraying device according to any one of claims 1 to 12 , characterized in that the frame member (6) is detachably attached to the end piece (1). The thermal spraying device according to any one of claims 1 to 13 , wherein the flame generated by the flame generating means is a plasma jet.

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