JP4470177B2 - Foaming shortening - Google Patents
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- JP4470177B2 JP4470177B2 JP2005303190A JP2005303190A JP4470177B2 JP 4470177 B2 JP4470177 B2 JP 4470177B2 JP 2005303190 A JP2005303190 A JP 2005303190A JP 2005303190 A JP2005303190 A JP 2005303190A JP 4470177 B2 JP4470177 B2 JP 4470177B2
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- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 title claims description 47
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 title claims description 25
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 75
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 75
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 75
- -1 fatty acid ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 65
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerol Natural products OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000003441 saturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N monopropylene glycol Natural products CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 37
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 28
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical group CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 235000011888 snacks Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid group Chemical group C(CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)(=O)O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 4
- IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000787 lecithin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010445 lecithin Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229940067606 lecithin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
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- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LDVVTQMJQSCDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl formate Chemical compound OCC(CO)OC=O LDVVTQMJQSCDMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000283014 Dama Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000019485 Safflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 2
- JNSGIVNNHKGGRU-JYRVWZFOSA-N diethoxyphosphinothioyl (2z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetate Chemical compound CCOP(=S)(OCC)OC(=O)C(=N/OC)\C1=CSC(N)=N1 JNSGIVNNHKGGRU-JYRVWZFOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000013373 food additive Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002778 food additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021313 oleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003531 protein hydrolysate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003813 safflower oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000005713 safflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- DNISEZBAYYIQFB-PHDIDXHHSA-N (2r,3r)-2,3-diacetyloxybutanedioic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)O[C@@H](C(O)=O)[C@H](C(O)=O)OC(C)=O DNISEZBAYYIQFB-PHDIDXHHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N (2r,3r,4s)-2-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical group OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N (9Z,12Z)-9,10,12,13-tetratritiooctadeca-9,12-dienoic acid Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC\C(=C(/C\C(=C(/CCCCC)\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])(=O)O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 100676-05-9 Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(OC(O)C(O)C2O)CO)O1 OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPTAWIKLJZKYSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxypropanoic acid;octadecanoic acid;propane-1,2,3-triol Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O.OCC(O)CO.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O CPTAWIKLJZKYSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FDKAAIFOPLCYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-M C(C(O)C)(=O)[O-].C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)(=O)[Ca+] Chemical compound C(C(O)C)(=O)[O-].C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)(=O)[Ca+] FDKAAIFOPLCYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000004386 Erythritol Substances 0.000 description 1
- UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Erythritol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)CO UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N Linoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N Maltose Natural products O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000005135 Micromeria juliana Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108010011756 Milk Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920001214 Polysorbate 60 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 108010009736 Protein Hydrolysates Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 240000002114 Satureja hortensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007315 Satureja hortensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108010073771 Soybean Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019486 Sunflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IJCWFDPJFXGQBN-RYNSOKOISA-N [(2R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S)-4-hydroxy-3-octadecanoyloxyoxolan-2-yl]-2-octadecanoyloxyethyl] octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC IJCWFDPJFXGQBN-RYNSOKOISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003254 anti-foaming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005687 corn oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002285 corn oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002385 cottonseed oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940105990 diglycerin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008157 edible vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940009714 erythritol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019414 erythritol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 235000020778 linoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N linoleic acid Natural products CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013310 margarine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003264 margarine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000021243 milk fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021239 milk protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000199 molecular distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003346 palm kernel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019865 palm kernel oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000223 polyglycerol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000015277 pork Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960003656 ricinoleic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ricinoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001589 sorbitan tristearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011078 sorbitan tristearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960004129 sorbitan tristearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019710 soybean protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005691 triesters Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Landscapes
- Edible Oils And Fats (AREA)
Description
本発明は、ケーキ類に用いる起泡力に優れた風味の良い起泡性ショートニングに関する。 The present invention relates to a savory foaming shortening excellent in foaming power used for cakes.
ケーキ類の大量生産には、乳化剤を使用した起泡剤が用いられている。これは、起泡剤を使用することで小麦粉と他の原材料を一緒にミキシングするオールインミックス法を用いることが出来るためである。このオールインミックス法によりケーキ類の大量生産が可能になるため、起泡剤は頻繁に用いられる原材料の一つとなっている。
起泡剤の主なものには、水中油型起泡性乳化油脂と、油のみを使用した起泡性ショートニングがある。このうち、水中油型起泡性乳化油脂はスポンジケーキ等の油脂分が少なく、生地比重も比較的軽いケーキ類に用いられる。これは乳化油脂に、油溶性と水溶性のどちらの乳化剤も使用出来ること、また水溶性のたんぱく質加水分解物等を使用出来ることにより高い起泡力を発揮出来るためである。しかし、乳化油脂中に含まれる油脂分が少ないために最終製品にしっとり感を与えるという効果が小さく、また、含まれる多量の乳化剤により、色付きの悪い、表面がくすんだケーキになりがちであるという欠点がある。従って、しっとり感をあまり要求されず、クリーム等でデコレーションされるスポンジケーキ等には良いが、しっとり感を必要とされ、クリーム等でデコレーションされないパウンドケーキ、ヘビーケーキといったケーキには用いづらい。
一方、起泡性ショートニングは、パウンドケーキ、ヘビーケーキ等の油脂分が多く生地比重も比較的重いケーキ類の製造に用いられる。これらのケーキ類は油脂を多く配合するため、焼成品がしっとりする。しかしながら、油脂には消泡性があるため、単に液体油を配合しただけでは目的の生地比重は得られない。起泡性ショートニングは、油脂に乳化剤を配合することで、油脂の消泡性を打ち消して目的の生地比重を得、かつしっとり感を付与できるように考案されたものである。
For mass production of cakes, a foaming agent using an emulsifier is used. This is because an all-in-mix method in which flour and other raw materials are mixed together by using a foaming agent can be used. Since this all-in-mix method enables mass production of cakes, foaming agents are one of the frequently used raw materials.
The main foaming agents include oil-in-water foaming emulsified fats and oils and foaming shortening using only oil. Among these, oil-in-water foaming emulsified fats and oils are used for cakes having a small amount of fats and oils such as sponge cakes and relatively light dough specific gravity. This is because both oil-soluble and water-soluble emulsifiers can be used in the emulsified oils and fats, and water-soluble protein hydrolyzate can be used to exhibit high foaming power. However, since the fat and oil contained in the emulsified oil and fat is small, the effect of giving a moist feeling to the final product is small, and due to the large amount of emulsifier contained, it tends to be a cake with poor color and a dull surface. There are drawbacks. Therefore, it does not require much moist feeling and is good for sponge cakes decorated with cream or the like, but it is difficult to use for cakes such as pound cakes and heavy cakes that require moist feeling and are not decorated with cream or the like.
On the other hand, the foaming shortening is used for producing cakes having a large amount of oil and fat such as a pound cake and a heavy cake and having a relatively high dough specific gravity. Since these cakes contain a large amount of oil and fat, the baked product is moist. However, since fats and oils have antifoaming properties, the target specific gravity cannot be obtained simply by adding liquid oil. The foaming shortening is devised so that the emulsifier is added to the fat and oil so that the defoaming property of the fat and oil can be canceled to obtain the desired specific gravity of the fabric and to give a moist feeling.
起泡性ショートニングの起泡力は、主にプロピレングリコール脂肪酸エステルの起泡力によるものである。プロピレングリコール脂肪酸エステルを用いた起泡性ショートニングを用いることによりケーキ類を簡単に安定して大量に製造することが出来るようになった。 The foaming power of the foaming shortening is mainly due to the foaming power of the propylene glycol fatty acid ester. By using a foaming shortening using propylene glycol fatty acid ester, cakes can be easily and stably produced in large quantities.
このようにケーキ類の大量生産に大きく貢献しているプロピレングリコール脂肪酸エステルであるが、その原料であるプロピレングリコールは大量に摂取すると健康を損なう恐れがあるとの指摘がある。さらに近年の一般消費者の健康意識の高まりから、食品添加物を出来るだけ使用しないようにとの要求が高まっており、このプロピレングリコールも上記の理由から使用の避けられる食品添加物の一つとなっている。それに合わせて、今後プロピレングリコールを原料としたプロピレングリコール脂肪酸エステルも同様に使用を避けられる可能性が高い。 Thus, although it is propylene glycol fatty acid ester which has contributed greatly to mass production of cakes, it has been pointed out that propylene glycol, which is the raw material, may damage health if consumed in large quantities. Furthermore, due to the recent increase in health awareness of general consumers, there is an increasing demand for the use of food additives as much as possible, and this propylene glycol is one of the food additives that can be avoided for the above reasons. ing. Accordingly, it is highly likely that propylene glycol fatty acid esters made from propylene glycol will be avoided in the future.
起泡性乳化油脂に使用する乳化剤には、起泡性ショートニングの場合と同様に、プロピレングリコール脂肪酸エステルが使用されていることが多い。
しかし、起泡性乳化油脂の場合、水相に起泡力の高い水溶性のショ糖脂肪酸エステルやポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステルといった乳化剤、乳や大豆のたんぱく質加水分解物等を使用することが出来る。そのため、プロピレングリコール脂肪酸エステルを起泡性乳化油脂から除いてもこれらの乳化剤を加えることでその起泡力を補うことが出来る。より具体的には、乳化油脂は、本来油溶性のモノグリセリン脂肪酸エステルを水に溶解させ、起泡力の高いα型結晶形を保つことで起泡力を保持している。従ってモノグリセライド、有機酸
モノグリセライド、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル等の他の乳化剤の組み合わせを用いてその起泡力を十分に補うことが容易に可能である（特許文献１、２、３）。しかしながら、これらの乳化油脂を用いた起泡剤は、スポンジケーキ等の油脂分が少なく、生地比重も比較的軽いケーキ類に用いられるものであり、油脂分の多いケーキ類には向いていない。このため油脂分の多いケーキ類に適した起泡剤が必要とされている。
一方、油脂分の多いケーキ類に向いている起泡性ショートニングでは水を使用しないため、使用できる乳化剤が油溶性に限られ、プロピレングリコール脂肪酸エステルの起泡力を補うことが難しい。従って、このタイプのケーキ類の製造に使用可能な、プロピレングリコール脂肪酸エステルを配合しない起泡性ショートニングは未だに実用化されていない。
As in the case of foaming shortening, propylene glycol fatty acid ester is often used for the emulsifier used in the foamable emulsified oil.
However, in the case of foaming emulsified oils and fats, water-soluble emulsifiers such as water-soluble sucrose fatty acid esters and polyglycerin fatty acid esters, milk and soybean protein hydrolysates, etc. that have high foaming power can be used. Therefore, even if propylene glycol fatty acid ester is removed from the foamable emulsified oil, the foaming power can be supplemented by adding these emulsifiers. More specifically, emulsified fats and oils retain foaming power by dissolving an inherently oil-soluble monoglycerin fatty acid ester in water and maintaining an α-type crystal form having high foaming power. Therefore, it is possible to easily supplement the foaming power by using a combination of other emulsifiers such as monoglyceride, organic acid monoglyceride, sorbitan fatty acid ester, etc. (Patent Documents 1, 2, and 3). However, the foaming agent using these emulsified oils and fats is used for cakes having a small amount of oils and fats such as sponge cake and having a relatively low dough specific gravity, and is not suitable for cakes having a large amount of oils and fats. For this reason, the foaming agent suitable for cakes with much oil and fat is needed.
On the other hand, in the foaming shortening suitable for cakes with a large amount of oil and fat, water is not used, so the emulsifiers that can be used are limited to oil solubility, and it is difficult to supplement the foaming power of propylene glycol fatty acid esters. Therefore, a foaming shortening that does not contain a propylene glycol fatty acid ester that can be used in the production of this type of cake has not yet been put into practical use.
本発明の目的は、上記問題点を解決するため、プロピレングリコール脂肪酸エステルを配合せずに従来の起泡性ショートニングと同様、短時間で起泡する起泡性ショートニングを提供することである。 In order to solve the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a foaming shortening that foams in a short time like conventional foaming shortening without blending propylene glycol fatty acid ester.
本発明者らは上記の課題を解決するため種々研究を進めた結果、油脂に対してモノグリセリン脂肪酸エステルを１〜10重量％、有機酸グリセリン脂肪酸エステルを４〜10重量％、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステルを２〜８重量％配合することで、プロピレングリコール脂肪酸エステルを配合しないで起泡力、ケーキ類の外観共に優れた起泡性ショートニングが得られることを見出して本発明を完成させた。 As a result of conducting various studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have found that 1 to 10% by weight of monoglycerin fatty acid ester, 4 to 10% by weight of organic acid glycerin fatty acid ester, and sorbitan fatty acid ester to fats and oils. By blending 2 to 8% by weight, it was found that a foaming shortening excellent in foaming power and cake appearance could be obtained without blending propylene glycol fatty acid ester, and the present invention was completed.
本発明の起泡性ショートニングを用いれば、プロピレングリコール脂肪酸エステルを配合することなく短時間で起泡し起泡力に優れ、また外観も良好なケーキ類を製造できる。 If the foaming shortening of the present invention is used, cakes can be produced in a short time without foaming propylene glycol fatty acid ester and having excellent foaming power and good appearance.
本発明に用いられる食用油脂は、食用に供される油脂であれば特に制限はなく、例えば大豆油、ナタネ油、ひまわり油、オリーブ油、ハイオレイックナタネ油、パーム油、パーム核油、ヤシ油、コーン油、ハイリノールサフラワー油、ハイオレイックサフラワー油、綿実油、米油等の植物油や牛脂、豚脂、羊脂、馬脂、魚油、乳脂等の動物油、さらにこれらの油脂に水素添加（硬化）、エステル交換、分別等の物理的、化学的、または酵素的処理をしたものを挙げることができる。これらは１種単独で、あるいは２種以上組み合わせて使用することが出来る。食用油脂は２５℃で液状であることが好ましく、この場合乳化剤の起泡力を最大限に生かすことが出来る。 The edible oil and fat used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is an edible fat and oil. For example, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, olive oil, high oleic rapeseed oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil , Corn oil, hyrinol safflower oil, high oleic safflower oil, cottonseed oil, rice oil and other vegetable oils, beef tallow, pork tallow, sheep tallow, horse fat, fish oil, milk fat and other animal oils, and hydrogenation of these oils Examples include those subjected to physical, chemical, or enzymatic treatment such as (curing), transesterification, and fractionation. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more. The edible fat / oil is preferably liquid at 25 ° C. In this case, the foaming power of the emulsifier can be utilized to the maximum.
本発明に用いられるモノグリセリン脂肪酸エステルは、グリセリンと脂肪酸とのエステル交換反応、エステル化反応によって得られたグリセリン脂肪酸エステル、およびこれらのグリセリン脂肪酸エステルを分子蒸留法等の方法により精製して得られたものであって、モノエステル含量が90重量％以上であることが好ましい。またモノグリセリン脂肪酸エステルの結合脂肪酸は炭素数12から22までの飽和脂肪酸が90重量％以上であることが好ましい。グリセリン脂肪酸エステルの配合量は１〜10重量％であることが必要で、好ましくは1.5〜５％の範囲で用いるのが良い。１重量％未満の場合は起泡力が低下し、10重量％
を超えた場合は風味が低下する。
The monoglycerin fatty acid ester used in the present invention is obtained by purifying the glycerin fatty acid ester obtained by transesterification of glycerin and fatty acid, esterification reaction, and these glycerin fatty acid esters by a method such as molecular distillation. The monoester content is preferably 90% by weight or more. The combined fatty acid of monoglycerin fatty acid ester is preferably 90% by weight or more of saturated fatty acid having 12 to 22 carbon atoms. The blending amount of the glycerin fatty acid ester needs to be 1 to 10% by weight, preferably 1.5 to 5%. If it is less than 1% by weight, the foaming power will be reduced and 10% by weight
If it exceeds, the flavor is reduced.
本発明に用いられる有機酸グリセリン脂肪酸エステルは、モノグリセリン脂肪酸エステルの水酸基に有機酸が１〜２個エステル結合した物質、有機酸のカルボキシル基にモノグリセリン脂肪酸エステルが１〜３個エステル結合した物質、グリセリンに乳酸がエステル結合した物質の乳酸基にさらに脂肪酸がエステル結合した物質、乳酸同士が複数エステル結合した物質（Ａ）をモノグリセリン脂肪酸エステルに１〜２個エステル結合した物質、およびグリセリンに（Ａ）がエステル結合した物質の乳酸基にさらに脂肪酸がエステル結合した物質である、グリセリン脂肪酸エステル誘導体である。それらのグリセリン脂肪酸エステル誘導体中、モノ有機酸エステルが好ましい。有機酸としては、酢酸、乳酸、クエン酸、コハク酸、ジアセチル酒石酸が挙げられ、このうちクエン酸、乳酸が好ましい。またモノ有機酸グリセリン脂肪酸エステルの結合脂肪酸は炭素数12から22までの飽和脂肪酸が90重量％以上であることが好ましい。有機酸グリセリン脂肪酸エステルは１種単独で、または２種以上組み合わせて使用することが出来る。有機酸グリセリン脂肪酸エステルの配合量は４〜10重量％であることが必要で、好ましくは４〜８重量％の範囲で用いるのが良い。４重量％未満の場合は起泡力が低下し、10重量％を超えた場合は風味が低下する。 The organic acid glycerin fatty acid ester used in the present invention is a substance in which 1 to 2 organic acids are ester-bonded to the hydroxyl group of monoglycerin fatty acid ester, or a substance in which 1 to 3 monoglycerin fatty acid esters are bonded to the carboxyl group of the organic acid. , A substance in which fatty acid is ester-bonded to a lactic acid group of a substance in which lactic acid is ester-bonded to glycerin, a substance (A) in which a plurality of lactic acids are ester-bonded to a monoglycerin fatty acid ester, and a glycerin (A) is a glycerin fatty acid ester derivative, which is a substance in which a fatty acid is ester-bonded to the lactic acid group of the substance having an ester bond. Of these glycerin fatty acid ester derivatives, monoorganic acid esters are preferred. Examples of the organic acid include acetic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, and diacetyltartaric acid. Among these, citric acid and lactic acid are preferable. The combined fatty acid of the mono-organic acid glycerin fatty acid ester is preferably 90% by weight or more of saturated fatty acid having 12 to 22 carbon atoms. The organic acid glycerin fatty acid ester can be used alone or in combination of two or more. The compounding amount of the organic acid glycerin fatty acid ester needs to be 4 to 10% by weight, preferably 4 to 8% by weight. When it is less than 4% by weight, the foaming power is lowered, and when it exceeds 10% by weight, the flavor is lowered.
本発明に用いられるソルビタン脂肪酸エステルは、ソルビタンに脂肪酸がエステル結合したものであり、脂肪酸が１個結合したモノエステルから３個結合したトリエステルのどれであってもよい。またソルビタン脂肪酸エステルの結合脂肪酸は炭素数12から22までの飽和脂肪酸が90重量％であることが好ましい。ソルビタン脂肪酸エステルの配合量は２〜８重量％であることが必要で、好ましくは２〜５重量％の範囲で用いるのが良い。２重量％未満の場合は起泡力が低下し、８重量％を超えた場合は風味が低下する。
その他、必要に応じ乳化剤としてポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ポリグリセリン縮合リシノレイン酸エステル、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル、ステアロイル乳酸カルシウム、アルキルグリコシド類、エリスリトール脂肪酸エステル類、ポリオキシエチレンソルビタン脂肪酸エステル類、レシチン、酵素分解レシチン、酵素処理レシチンなどを使用することが出来る。
The sorbitan fatty acid ester used in the present invention is one in which a fatty acid is ester-bonded to sorbitan, and may be any of three triesters bonded from a monoester in which one fatty acid is bonded. The bound fatty acid of the sorbitan fatty acid ester is preferably 90% by weight of a saturated fatty acid having 12 to 22 carbon atoms. The blending amount of sorbitan fatty acid ester needs to be 2 to 8% by weight, preferably 2 to 5% by weight. When it is less than 2% by weight, the foaming power is lowered, and when it exceeds 8% by weight, the flavor is lowered.
In addition, polyglycerin fatty acid ester, polyglycerin condensed ricinoleic acid ester, sucrose fatty acid ester, stearoyl calcium lactate, alkylglycoside, erythritol fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester, lecithin, enzymatically decomposed lecithin as emulsifiers as necessary Enzyme-treated lecithin can be used.
以下に本発明の実施例、応用例を示すが、本発明の趣旨はこれらに限定されるものではない。 Examples and application examples of the present invention are shown below, but the gist of the present invention is not limited thereto.
実施例１〜３、比較例１、３、４に示す起泡性ショートニングは、菜種油に各乳化剤を加えて加熱、溶解した後室温まで放冷して作製した。比較例２に示す起泡性乳化油脂は以下の様に作製した。
菜種油にモノグリセリン脂肪酸エステル１％、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル、ポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステル、プロピレングリコール脂肪酸エステルの全量を加えて加熱、溶解させ、これを油相部とした。一方、水にショ糖脂肪酸エステル全量とモノグリセリン脂肪酸エステル３％を加えて加熱、溶解させ、これを水相部とした。水相部をホモミキサーで攪拌しながら油相部を少しずつ加えて乳化し、更に攪拌しながら冷却して乳化油脂を得た。
モノグリセリン脂肪酸エステル（飽和）：太陽化学（株） サンソフトNo.8001
（結合脂肪酸：パルミチン酸、パルミチン酸含量100％）
乳酸グリセリン脂肪酸エステル：太陽化学（株） サンソフトNo.661AS
（乳酸モノステアリン酸グリセリン、ステアリン酸含量100％）
クエン酸グリセリン脂肪酸エステル：理研ビタミン（株） K-37
ソルビタン脂肪酸トリエステル：花王（株） エマゾールS-30V
（ソルビタントリステアレート、ステアリン酸含量100％）
ポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステル：ダニスコ ジャパン（株） PGE-55M
モノグリセリン脂肪酸エステル（不飽和）：花王（株） エキセルO-95R
（主な結合脂肪酸：オレイン酸及びリノール酸、オレイン酸及びリノール酸含量90％）
ショ糖脂肪酸エステル：理研ビタミン（株）S-1170
プロピレングリコール脂肪酸エステル：花王（株） PS-200V
ジグリセリン脂肪酸エステル： 理研ビタミン(株) DS-100A
The foaming shortenings shown in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1, 3, and 4 were prepared by adding each emulsifier to rapeseed oil, heating and dissolving, and then allowing to cool to room temperature. The foamable emulsified oil shown in Comparative Example 2 was prepared as follows.
1% monoglycerin fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyglycerin fatty acid ester, and propylene glycol fatty acid ester were added to rapeseed oil and heated and dissolved to obtain an oil phase part. On the other hand, the total amount of sucrose fatty acid ester and 3% monoglycerin fatty acid ester were added to water, heated and dissolved, and this was used as an aqueous phase part. While stirring the aqueous phase with a homomixer, the oil phase was added little by little to emulsify, and further cooled with stirring to obtain an emulsified oil.
Monoglycerin fatty acid ester (saturated): Taiyo Chemical Co., Ltd. Sunsoft No.8001
(Bonded fatty acids: palmitic acid, palmitic acid content 100%)
Lactic acid glycerin fatty acid ester: Taiyo Chemical Co., Ltd. Sunsoft No.661AS
(Lactic acid monostearate glycerin, stearic acid content 100%)
Glycerol citrate fatty acid ester: Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd. K-37
Sorbitan fatty acid triester: Kazama Co., Ltd. Emazole S-30V
(Sorbitan tristearate, stearic acid content 100%)
Polyglycerol fatty acid ester: Danisco Japan PGE-55M
Monoglycerin fatty acid ester (unsaturated): Kao Corporation Excel O-95R
(Main bound fatty acids: oleic acid and linoleic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid content 90%)
Sucrose fatty acid ester: Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd. S-1170
Propylene glycol fatty acid ester: Kao Corporation PS-200V
Diglycerin fatty acid ester: Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd. DS-100A
〔応用例〕
以上のようにして得られた実施例１〜３、比較例１〜４の起泡性ショートニング及び起泡性乳化油脂を用いて、下記の配合及び製造条件でスナックケーキを作製、評価し結果を表２に示した。
（スナックケーキの配合）
薄力粉100部、上白糖100部、食塩0.5部、マルトース20部、全卵120部、マーガリン25部、水７部、ベーキングパウダー１部、起泡性ショートニング50部（または乳化油脂50部）（スナックケーキの製造条件）
ケーキ生地の調整は後粉法で行い、最終生地比重が0.65〜0.70となるように調製した。得られたケーキ生地を６号丸型に350ｇ入れて、190℃のオーブンで30分焼成した。
（起泡性ショートニングおよびスナックケーキの評価）
起泡性ショートニングおよびスナックケーキの評価はミキシング時間（中速）、生地比重（粉投入前）、表皮の焼き色、しっとり感、口溶けの５項目で行った。
表皮の焼き色、しっとり感、口溶けについては以下のような５段階評価を行った。
（焼き色）
５ 濃いキツネ色、４ やや濃いキツネ色、３ キツネ色、２ ややくすんだキツネ色、１ くすんだキツネ色
（しっとり感）
５ 非常にしっとりしている、４ とてもしっとりしている、３ しっとりしている、２ ややしっとりしている、１ パサつく
（口溶け）
５ 非常に滑らか、４ 滑らか、３ ダマにならない、２ ダマになり、口に残る、１
ダマになり、飲み込み辛い
[Application example]
Using the foaming shortenings and foaming emulsified fats and oils of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 obtained as described above, a snack cake was prepared and evaluated under the following composition and production conditions. It is shown in Table 2.
(Mixed snack cake)
100 parts soft flour, 100 parts super white sugar, 0.5 parts salt, 20 parts maltose, 120 parts whole egg, 25 parts margarine, 7 parts water, 1 part baking powder, 50 parts foaming shortening (or 50 parts emulsified fat) (snack) Cake production conditions)
The cake dough was adjusted by the post-powder method, and the final dough specific gravity was adjusted to 0.65 to 0.70. 350 g of the obtained cake dough was placed in a No. 6 round shape and baked in an oven at 190 ° C. for 30 minutes.
(Evaluation of foaming shortening and snack cake)
The evaluation of foaming shortening and snack cake was performed on five items: mixing time (medium speed), dough specific gravity (before powdering), skin color, moist feeling, and melting in the mouth.
The following 5 grades were evaluated about the burning color of the skin, moist feeling, and melting in the mouth.
(Gray color)
5 dark fox color, 4 slightly darker fox color, 3 fox color, 2 slightly dull fox color, 1 dull fox color (moist feeling)
5 Very moist 4 Very moist 3 Moist 2 Moist 1 Moist
5 Very smooth, 4 Smooth, 3 Dama, 2 Dama, remaining in the mouth 1
It ’s hard to swallow
本発明の起泡性ショートニングは、パウンドケーキ、ヘビーケーキ等の油脂分が多いケーキ類の製造用途で、プロピレングリコール脂肪酸エステルを含有せずに従来の起泡性ショートニングと同等以上の起泡力、性能を持つことが分かる。
The foaming shortening of the present invention is used in the production of cakes with a large amount of oils and fats such as pound cake, heavy cake, etc., and does not contain propylene glycol fatty acid ester, and has a foaming power equivalent to or higher than conventional foaming shortening, You can see that it has performance.
Claims (4)
The foaming shortening according to claim 1, wherein 90% or more of the fatty acids bonded to one or more of the emulsifiers among monoglycerin fatty acid esters, organic acid glycerin fatty acid esters and sorbitan fatty acid esters are saturated fatty acids.
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