JP4466961B2 - Speaker cabinet - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a cabinet structure for mounting an acoustic speaker, and more particularly to a special structure of vent holes provided in the cabinet.

  In the speaker system, in order to reproduce a favorable low sound range, it is necessary to block the sound pressure to the rear among the sound pressures before and after the speaker unit creates and prevent interference between the sound pressures before and after. As a means for blocking the sound pressure to the rear, there is a method in which the speaker unit is attached to a large area baffle plate or attached to a cabinet.

  Of these, the method of mounting in an airtight sealed cabinet is very effective, but air acts as a spring because there is no place for sealed air, and the low frequency limit frequency fo and damping factor Qo inherent to the speaker unit are set. It will be raised. An increase in the damping factor Qo increases the low frequency characteristic sound, and when a speaker having a high low frequency limit frequency fo is stored in a closed cabinet with a small volume, an unpleasant sound called a so-called box sound is generated.

低域共振周波数ｆｏｃ及びダンピングファクターＱｏｃは、キャビネットに入れない場合に比し必然的に増加することになる。 This phenomenon is theoretically analyzed as follows.
In general,
Effective radius a
Effective mass mo
Low frequency limit fo
Damping factor Qo
Speaker unit is placed in a cabinet with an internal volume Vc Speaker vibration system stiffness So = (2πfo) ² mo
Stiffness Sc = 14000a ⁴ / Vc depending on the volume in the cabinet
It becomes a relationship.
The low-band resonance frequency foc and the damping factor Qoc when the speaker unit is put in the cabinet are obtained by Expression 1.

The low-band resonance frequency foc and the damping factor Qoc are inevitably increased as compared with the case where the low-band resonance frequency foc and the damping factor Qoc cannot be put.

  Further, the closed cabinet has a drawback that bending is caused in a portion where the strength of the diaphragm is low and distortion is generated as a result of air pressure acting uniformly on the diaphragm of the speaker unit. In order to compensate for these drawbacks, the internal capacity of the sealed cabinet may be increased, but there are practical limitations because the cabinet becomes huge. In order to reduce the damping factor Qoc, there is a method of putting a large amount of sound absorbing material in the sealed cabinet, but on the other hand, the apparent cabinet volume is reduced, so that foc is increased and the cost of the sound absorbing material is also increased.

  Therefore, even in a small cabinet, in order to obtain a sufficient low frequency limit frequency, the inside and outside of the cabinet are ventilated with hollow pipes, and the Helmholtz resonance frequency created by the pipe and cabinet is set to be lower than the low frequency limit frequency. Type speakers have been put into practical use. The bass-reflex type is effective in letting the internal air pressure of the cabinet escape to the outside, but the drawbacks of the lower limit frequency foc and the increase of the damping factor Qoc seen in the same size sealed cabinet are not improved. The generation of low frequency natural sounds is inevitable.

  On the other hand, a small air hole having a large air resistance is provided in the cabinet to release the air pressure inside the cabinet. By providing the small ventilation hole, the spring property of the air inside the cabinet can be reduced. Furthermore, since the small vent has air resistance, it is possible to avoid interference of sound pressure before and after the cabinet. In addition, it is possible to suppress an increase in the low frequency limit frequency foc and to suppress an increase in the damping factor Qoc by air resistance. On the other hand, since the air resistance varies depending on the diameter and length of the air holes, there is a drawback that it is difficult to select the size and adjustment after completion.

  Even in the case of a hollow pipe of the bass-reflex type cabinet or a vent hole provided with air resistance, if the speaker unit swings with a large amplitude in a low sound range, the air flows into and out of the hollow pipe and the vent hole. Since air has viscosity, the speed of the air flow is reduced due to resistance at the inner wall surface layer portion of the hollow pipe or the vent hole, and is increased at the center portion. As a result, the air flow spreads radially at both ends of the hollow pipe and vent hole, generating vortices, generating characteristic noise called wind noise, and generating harmonic distortion due to non-linear pressure reduction. .

A speaker system as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-15588 has been proposed as a device for reducing wind noise and harmonic distortion. In this apparatus, a sub duct is provided outside a sound radiation duct provided in an enclosure such as a bass reflex type, and the air vibration speed in the vicinity of the opening of the sound radiation duct is adjusted. Therefore, this apparatus not only complicates the structure of the acoustic radiation duct, but also makes it difficult to cope with both directions of air inflow and outflow. Also in the embodiment, it can be read that the present invention is applied only to the outside of the enclosure where wind noise can be easily recognized.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-15588

  The present invention not only makes it possible to easily adjust the air resistance of the air vents provided in the closed cabinet to the optimum value, but also reduces the turbulence of the air flow generated at the air outflow inlet by a simple and inexpensive means, thereby reducing the wind noise. And to prevent the generation of harmonic distortion.

  In order to solve the above problems, in the present invention, a hollow pipe or a vent hole is filled with an object made of a flexible and elastic material, and protrudes radially at the outlets at both ends thereof. In addition to generating air resistance, the disturbance of the air flow at the vent hole outlet is made as small as possible to prevent the generation of wind noise and harmonic distortion. For this purpose, it is not preferable for air to flow in and out from other than the air vents, and it is desirable that the entire cabinet including the speaker unit itself has no air permeability at all except for the air vents.

In the speaker cabinet of the present invention, it is not necessary to perform complicated processing or attach a member near the opening of the hollow pipe or the vent hole.
In addition, since the structure is simple, it is easy to adjust the air resistance of the hollow pipe or the vent hole, and it is easy to reduce the turbulence of the air flow in both directions of the air flow.
Furthermore, since no special material is required as a filling material, an inexpensive and suitable apparatus for mass production can be provided. And generation of wind noise and harmonic distortion can be prevented.

Hereinafter, a basic embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a longitudinal section of a speaker cabinet. 1 is a cabinet made of wood or the like, and 2 is a speaker mounting opening. A speaker unit 4 is attached to the speaker attachment opening 2 so as to seal and close the speaker attachment opening 2.

  A vent hole 5 is formed in a part of the rear wall of the cabinet 1 so that air inside the cabinet internal space 3 and outside air can flow. In the case of a combination of a dynamic speaker with a diameter of 5 cm and a closed cabinet with an internal volume of 400 cc, the vent hole 5 requires air resistance, so the diameter is usually about 3 mm to 6 mm. Since the air resistance can be adjusted by filling the air hole with a filler, the diameter may be about 20 mm.

カットオフ周波数ｆｃ以下のキャビネット内圧変化は空気流抵抗ｒを介してキャビネット外へ空気流として放出され、空気のバネが働かなくなる。 In the semi-hermetic cabinet, a primary high-pass filter is formed in the cabinet internal pressure by the aforementioned So + Sc and air resistance r. The cut-off frequency fc is obtained by Equation 2.

The change in the internal pressure of the cabinet below the cut-off frequency fc is released as an air flow to the outside of the cabinet via the air flow resistance r, and the air spring does not work.

  In FIG. 1, a circle C ′ is an enlarged display of a portion surrounded by a circle C. Reference numeral 6 denotes a filling material filled in the vent hole 5, and a flexible, elastic and breathable material such as continuous foamed sponge, cotton-like material, and non-woven fabric is used. When filling the filling material 6 into the vent hole 5, a cylindrical shape having a cross-sectional area larger than the diameter of the vent hole is prepared, and this is compressed and packed. Therefore, the portion of the filler 6 protruding from the vent hole 5 naturally expands radially to return to the original shape and forms the diffusion portion 6a.

  In the present invention, it is important to leave the diffusing portion 6a on at least one of the inner and outer surfaces of the cabinet 1, preferably both. Therefore, the packing 6 is prepared in advance with a diameter sufficiently longer than the thickness T of the cabinet 1 and thicker than the vent hole diameter D, and if desired, a diameter of 1.2 times or more. Fill the vent hole 5 to leave. Alternatively, a longer one may be prepared and cut so as to remain with a diameter of, for example, about 1.2 times or more so that the diameter of the filler becomes larger than the vent hole diameter D at the end portion after filling.

  However, the diffusing portion 6a is aesthetically pleasing and susceptible to damage if it protrudes outside, regardless of the case protruding outside the speaker cabinet 1. This point is taken into consideration in the second embodiment shown in FIG. FIG. 2 corresponds to a portion surrounded by a circle C ′ in FIG. 1, and the same portions are denoted by the same reference numerals. In the second embodiment, a dish-shaped concave portion 7 is provided in a portion of the vent hole 5 facing the outside of the cabinet 1. The shape of the concave portion 7 may be any shape as long as it has a maximum diameter at least 1.2 times the vent hole diameter D so as to accommodate the diffusion portion 6a of the filler 6 and is compatible with the shape of the diffusion portion 6a.

FIG. 3 shows a third embodiment in which the diffusing portion 6a is accommodated in the recess also inside the cabinet. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3A, a dish-like recess 8 similar to the recess 7 provided outside the vent hole 5 is also provided inside the vent hole 5 to accommodate the diffusion portion 6a. . Thereby, it can be set as the structure where the spreading | diffusion part 6a does not protrude inside and outside of the vent hole 5. FIG.
The shape of the concave portion 7 or 8 does not have to be a dish shape as shown in FIG. 2 or 3A, and may be a cylindrical shape as shown in FIG. 3B, for example. Needless to say, the cabinet 5 may have a different shape such as a cylindrical shape on the inner side and a dish shape on the outer side.

FIG. 4 to FIG. 7 are graphs for verifying the effects when the present invention is applied to a small speaker cabinet.
The small speaker cabinet used in the measurement of FIG. 4 is a cabinet in which a dynamic speaker having a diameter of 5 cm is attached to a sealed cabinet (having no air holes) having a wall thickness of 2 mm and an internal volume of 400 cc. FIG. 4 shows a graph of impedance frequency characteristics measured for this speaker cabinet, with the horizontal axis indicating frequency Hz and the vertical axis indicating impedance Ω. As a result, the low-band resonance frequency foc showed a remarkable peak at 261.76 Hz, and the damping factor Qoc was 1.02.

  Fig. 5 shows the same sealed cabinet used for the measurement of Fig. 4 with a vent hole with a diameter of 8mm and a cylindrical foaming sponge with a length of 8mm and a diameter of 10mm packed under the same conditions. It is a graph. It can be seen that the low-band resonance frequency foc is lowered to 246.77 Hz and has a gentle peak value lower than that in FIG. The damping factor Qoc was reduced to 0.53.

  6 shows a speaker cabinet in which a 4 mm diameter vent hole is provided in a closed cabinet with an internal volume of 400 cc and a wall thickness of 2 mm, and a dynamic speaker with a diameter of 5 cm is installed, an acoustic resistance with a cut-off frequency of 60 Hz is provided, and changes in internal pressure are observed. It is the graph measured at 40 Hz. The entire horizontal axis represents time 50 milliseconds, and the entire vertical axis represents the electrical signal of pressure change 200 millivolts.

  FIG. 7 shows the same speaker cabinet vent used in the measurement of FIG. 6 expanded to a diameter of 8 mm and filled with a foamed sponge having a diameter of 10 mm and a length of 8 mm and measured under the same conditions. is there. It can be seen that the waveform of FIG. 6 is significantly distorted compared to the neat sine waveform of FIG. This is presumed to be due to harmonic distortion caused by the turbulence of the air flow at the opening of the vent hole. On the other hand, the waveform shown in FIG. 7 shows that it is hardly affected by the harmonic distortion.

The air flow resistance value of the air vent varies depending on the density of the packing. Thus, the graph of FIG. 8 shows the relationship between the air flow resistance and the packing compressibility. In the graph of FIG. 8, the vertical axis represents air flow resistance g / sec, the horizontal axis represents compressibility%, and the relationship was measured for foamed sponge. The sponge used for the experiment was a cylindrical general-purpose urethane sponge having a density of 22 kg / m ³ and a hardness of 103N. The sponge was inserted into a circular ventilation hole having a diameter of 7.5 mm and a length of 2.5 mm, and the air flow resistance was measured by compressing the central part.

When the sponge was compressed to 94% of the original diameter, the air flow resistance was 2,800 g / sec, and the cutoff frequency at this time was 78 Hz. When compressed to 54%, the air flow resistance was 6,400 g / sec, and the cutoff frequency at this time was 34 Hz. Since the low frequency limit frequency of human hearing is set to 20 Hz, and the fundamental frequency of vocal cord vibration necessary for speech recognition is an average value of 125 Hz and a standard deviation of 20.5 Hz for low-pitched men, this cut-off frequency Is preferably set to 20 Hz or more and 100 Hz or less. Any of the above compression ratios falls within this range, but in any case, it is necessary to select an air flow resistance corresponding to the combined stiffness So + Sc depending on the speaker vibration system and the volume in the cabinet. Most air flow resistance in the vents occurs at the compression portion of the packing, and the density of the packing when compressed creates the required air flow resistance.
Therefore, the air resistance in the case of employing different density packings for the same vent can be estimated from the relationship expressed by Equation 3.

The present invention creates an air resistance in the air vent by the filler and also prevents the wind noise. Therefore, when the wind noise is examined by hearing, a person who is sensitive at a compression degree of about 83% at a large amplitude. A slight wind noise was detected. The air flow resistance at a compressibility of 83% is 3,100 g / sec, and when divided by a cross-sectional area of 44 mm ² with a vent hole diameter of 7.5 mm, 70 g / sec / mm ² is the critical resistance in order to prevent wind noise. Seem. Then, it is desirable that 1 / 0.83≈1.20, that is, the cross-sectional area of the protruding portion of the filler be 120% or more larger than the cross-sectional area of the vent hole. It is known that the resistance r of the fluid is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the tube radius and proportional to the tube length L. The end face extended 120% of the minimum cross-sectional area of the packing has an air flow resistance of 1 / (1.2) ⁴ ≈1 / 2, ie 1/2. Even when the material of the packing that creates the air flow resistance is changed, the limit resistance for generating wind noise is the same, and is determined by the relationship between the cross-sectional area of the air holes and the air flow resistance of the material when it is not compressed. Accordingly, it can be seen that it is desirable that the cross-sectional area of the protruding portion at both ends should be 120% or more of the cross-sectional area of the compressed portion even if the material changes.

The figure showing the Example of this invention The figure showing the other Example of this invention The figure showing the other Example of this invention Graph showing an example of frequency characteristics of a conventional speaker The graph which shows the frequency characteristic at the time of applying this invention to the speaker of FIG. Graph showing changes in internal pressure of conventional speaker A graph showing a change in internal pressure when the present invention is applied to the speaker of FIG. Graph showing change in compression ratio and air flow resistance of filler

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Cabinet, 2 ... Speaker mounting opening, 3 ... Cabinet internal space, 4 ... Speaker unit, 5 ... Vent, 6 ... Filling

Claims (2)

A circular ventilation hole that allows gas inside and outside the cabinet to enter and exit from a part of the wall of the sealed speaker cabinet,
The vent hole is filling a cylindrical shape having elasticity and breathability are filled is compressed,
The diameter of the filling before being compressed is larger than the diameter of the vent, and the length of the cylinder of the filling is configured to be longer than the thickness of the cabinet;
The end of the filling protrudes into one or both of the outside and inside openings of the vent cabinet,
The speaker cabinet according to claim 1, wherein the protruding portion of the filler is radially expanded so that the diameter of the protruding portion is larger than the diameter of the opening by a restoring force based on elasticity of the filler . A circular ventilation hole that allows gas inside and outside the cabinet to enter and exit from a part of the wall of the sealed speaker cabinet,
The vent is provided with a recess in one or both of the openings on the inside and outside of the cabinet,
The vent hole is filling a cylindrical shape having elasticity and breathability are filled is compressed,
The diameter of the filling before being compressed is larger than the diameter of the vent, and the length of the cylinder of the filling is configured to be longer than the thickness of the cabinet;
The end of the filling protrudes into one or both of the outside and inside openings of the vent cabinet,
The protruding portion of the filler is radially expanded so that the diameter of the protruding portion is larger than the diameter of the opening by a restoring force based on the elasticity of the filler , and the radially expanded portion is A speaker cabinet characterized by being housed in a recess.

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