JP4463170B2 - 映像信号伝送方法および装置 - Google Patents
映像信号伝送方法および装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4463170B2 JP4463170B2 JP2005240474A JP2005240474A JP4463170B2 JP 4463170 B2 JP4463170 B2 JP 4463170B2 JP 2005240474 A JP2005240474 A JP 2005240474A JP 2005240474 A JP2005240474 A JP 2005240474A JP 4463170 B2 JP4463170 B2 JP 4463170B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- stream
- base layer
- video signal
- rtp
- enhancement layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- BWHLPLXXIDYSNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ketorolac tromethamine Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO.OC(=O)C1CCN2C1=CC=C2C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 BWHLPLXXIDYSNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
- H04N21/234—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs
- H04N21/2343—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements
- H04N21/234318—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements by decomposing into objects, e.g. MPEG-4 objects
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N7/00—Television systems
- H04N7/12—Systems in which the television signal is transmitted via one channel or a plurality of parallel channels, the bandwidth of each channel being less than the bandwidth of the television signal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
- H04N21/234—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs
- H04N21/2343—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements
- H04N21/234327—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing of video streams or manipulating encoded video stream scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for distribution or compliance with end-user requests or end-user device requirements by decomposing into layers, e.g. base layer and one or more enhancement layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
- H04N21/44—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream or rendering scenes according to encoded video stream scene graphs
- H04N21/4402—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream or rendering scenes according to encoded video stream scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for household redistribution, storage or real-time display
- H04N21/440227—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream or rendering scenes according to encoded video stream scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for household redistribution, storage or real-time display by decomposing into layers, e.g. base layer and one or more enhancement layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client
- H04N21/63—Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
- H04N21/643—Communication protocols
- H04N21/6437—Real-time Transport Protocol [RTP]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client
- H04N21/63—Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
- H04N21/647—Control signaling between network components and server or clients; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients, e.g. controlling the quality of the video stream, by dropping packets, protecting content from unauthorised alteration within the network, monitoring of network load, bridging between two different networks, e.g. between IP and wireless
- H04N21/64784—Data processing by the network
- H04N21/64792—Controlling the complexity of the content stream, e.g. by dropping packets
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Compression Or Coding Systems Of Tv Signals (AREA)
- Compression, Expansion, Code Conversion, And Decoders (AREA)
Description
このような機能は、多様な解像度及び/又は画質で同時に利用可能な映像シーケンスを必要とする様々なアプリケーションで有用である。実際に、ビットストリームが伸縮的である場合、ユーザーはビットストリームのうち一部だけにアクセスして、前記ユーザーの復号器、またはディスプレイ、つまり利用可能な帯域幅に符合する基本映像を提供できる一方、他のユーザーは全体のビットストリームを用いてさらに優れた画質を再生することができる。
(項目1)
映像信号を2以上の階層信号に符号化して伝送する映像伝送装置において、
前記映像信号を第1ストリームに符号化する第1符号化器;
前記映像信号を第2ストリームに符号化する第2符号化器;
前記第1ストリームと前記第2ストリームを一つのストリームに多重化する階層統合多重化器;
前記多重化した一つのストリームが一つの実時間伝送プロトコル(RTP; Real-time Transport Protocol)ヘッダーを有するようにパケット化するRTPパケット化装置を含んでなる映像伝送装置。
(項目2)
前記第1ストリーム及び第2ストリームのうち何れか一方は基本階層ストリームで、他方は向上階層ストリームであることを特徴とする項目1に記載の映像伝送装置。
(項目3)
前記パケット化手段は、基本階層パケットと向上階層パケットを構成するマクロブロックの位置が同一であるようにパケット化することを特徴とする項目2に記載の映像伝送装置。
(項目4)
映像信号を2以上の階層信号に符号化して伝送する映像伝送方法において、
a)前記映像信号を第1ストリームに符号化する段階;
b)前記映像信号を第2ストリームに符号化する段階;
c)前記第1ストリームと前記第2ストリームを一つのストリームに多重化する段階;
d)前記多重化した一つのストリームが一つの実時間伝送プロトコル(RTP)ヘッダーを有するようにパケット化する段階;
を備えてなる映像伝送方法。
(項目5)
前記第1ストリーム及び第2ストリームのうち何れか一方は基本階層ストリームで、他方は向上階層ストリームであることを特徴とする項目4に記載の映像伝送方法。
(項目6)
前記パケット化手段は、基本階層パケットと向上階層パケットを構成するマクロブロックの位置が同一であるようにパケット化することを特徴とする項目5に記載の映像伝送方法。
Claims (5)
- 符号化された映像信号を伝送する映像伝送装置であって、
該装置は、
映像信号を符号化して、複数の基本階層パケットを含む基本階層ストリームを生成する基本階層符号化器(100A)であって、該複数の基本階層パケットの各々は、該符号化された映像信号のマクロブロックのセットに関連する、基本階層符号化器(100A)と、
該映像信号を符号化して、複数の向上階層パケットを含む向上階層ストリームを生成する向上階層符号化器(100B)と、
該複数の基本階層パケットの各々に、向上データ開始符号および選択されたマクロブロックに対する向上階層情報を挿入することにより、該基本階層ストリームおよび該向上階層ストリームを単一の統合されたストリームへと統合する階層統合多重化器(200)であって、該向上データ開始符号は、該向上階層情報の挿入の開始位置を示し、該複数の基本階層パケットの各々に対する該選択されたマクロブロックは、該複数の基本階層パケットのうちのそれぞれに関連したマクロブロックの同一のセットである、階層統合多重化器(200)と、
実時間伝送プロトコル(RTP)に従って該統合されたストリームをパケット化する実時間伝送プロトコル(RTP)パケット化器(300)と
を備え、
該単一の統合されたストリームに対して該RTPパケット化が実行されて、RTPヘッダーを該単一の統合されたストリームに付加し、
該パケット化器は、基本階層パケットを構成するマクロブロックの位置が向上階層パケットを構成するマクロブロックの位置と同一であるように、パケット化を実行する、映像伝送装置。 - 前記映像信号は、MPEG4の映像信号である、請求項1に記載の映像伝送装置。
- 符号化された映像信号を伝送する方法であって、
該方法は、
映像信号を符号化して、複数の基本階層パケットを含む基本階層ストリームを生成するステップであって、該複数の基本階層パケットの各々は、該符号化された映像信号のマクロブロックのセットに関連する、ステップと、
該映像信号を符号化して、複数の向上階層パケットを含む向上階層ストリームを生成するステップと、
該複数の基本階層パケットの各々に、向上データ開始符号および選択されたマクロブロックに対する向上階層情報を挿入することにより、該基本階層ストリームおよび該向上階層ストリームを単一の統合されたストリームへと統合するステップであって、該向上データ開始符号は、該向上階層情報の挿入の開始位置を示し、該複数の基本階層パケットの各々に対する該選択されたマクロブロックは、該複数の基本階層パケットのうちのそれぞれに関連したマクロブロックの同一のセットである、ステップと、
実時間伝送プロトコル(RTP)に従って該統合されたストリームをパケット化するステップと
を含み、
該パケット化するステップにおいて、該単一の統合されたストリームに対して該RTPパケット化が実行されて、RTPヘッダーを該単一の統合されたストリームに付加し、
該パケット化するステップにおいて、基本階層パケットを構成するマクロブロックの位置が向上階層パケットを構成するマクロブロックの位置と同一であるように、該RTPパケット化が実行される、方法。 - 前記映像信号は、MPEG4の映像信号である、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記RTPパケット化されたストリームを映像受信装置に伝送することをさらに含む、請求項3または請求項4に記載の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR20040066270A KR100662350B1 (ko) | 2004-08-23 | 2004-08-23 | 영상 전송 장치 및 방법 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2006060828A JP2006060828A (ja) | 2006-03-02 |
JP4463170B2 true JP4463170B2 (ja) | 2010-05-12 |
Family
ID=36093809
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2005240474A Expired - Fee Related JP4463170B2 (ja) | 2004-08-23 | 2005-08-22 | 映像信号伝送方法および装置 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20060039480A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1631088A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4463170B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100662350B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN100493189C (ja) |
Families Citing this family (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4150951B2 (ja) * | 2002-02-19 | 2008-09-17 | ソニー株式会社 | 動画配信システム、動画配信装置および方法、並びにプログラム |
US20080043832A1 (en) * | 2006-08-16 | 2008-02-21 | Microsoft Corporation | Techniques for variable resolution encoding and decoding of digital video |
US8773494B2 (en) | 2006-08-29 | 2014-07-08 | Microsoft Corporation | Techniques for managing visual compositions for a multimedia conference call |
WO2008056878A1 (en) * | 2006-11-09 | 2008-05-15 | Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute | Method for determining packet type for svc video bitstream, and rtp packetizing apparatus and method using the same |
KR100776680B1 (ko) * | 2006-11-09 | 2007-11-19 | 한국전자통신연구원 | Svc 비디오 압축 비트스트림에 대한 패킷타입 분류방법과 이를 이용한 rtp 패킷화 장치 및 그 방법 |
KR100849495B1 (ko) * | 2006-12-04 | 2008-07-31 | 한국전자통신연구원 | Rtp 패킷화 모드별 비트율 생성 방법 |
KR101336553B1 (ko) * | 2007-02-06 | 2013-12-03 | 한국전자통신연구원 | 계층적 부호화 장치 및 방법 |
US8566108B2 (en) * | 2007-12-03 | 2013-10-22 | Nokia Corporation | Synchronization of multiple real-time transport protocol sessions |
KR100950771B1 (ko) * | 2007-12-17 | 2010-04-05 | 한국전자통신연구원 | 방송 신호의 송신 및 수신 방법 |
KR101001024B1 (ko) | 2007-12-18 | 2010-12-14 | 한국전자통신연구원 | 비디오 멀티캐스팅 서비스에서 정보 보안 유지 방법 및장치 |
WO2009078641A2 (en) * | 2007-12-18 | 2009-06-25 | Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute | Method and apparatus for preserving security in video multicasting service |
US20090217338A1 (en) * | 2008-02-25 | 2009-08-27 | Broadcom Corporation | Reception verification/non-reception verification of base/enhancement video layers |
US8681856B2 (en) * | 2008-04-24 | 2014-03-25 | Sk Planet Co., Ltd. | Scalable video providing and reproducing system and methods thereof |
EP2146343A1 (en) | 2008-07-16 | 2010-01-20 | Deutsche Thomson OHG | Method and apparatus for synchronizing highly compressed enhancement layer data |
KR101012980B1 (ko) | 2009-03-16 | 2011-02-10 | 한국방송공사 | 계층적 방송 장치 및 방법 |
US8731152B2 (en) | 2010-06-18 | 2014-05-20 | Microsoft Corporation | Reducing use of periodic key frames in video conferencing |
KR101355296B1 (ko) | 2010-08-09 | 2014-01-27 | 파나소닉 주식회사 | 화상 부호화 방법, 화상 복호 방법, 화상 부호화 장치 및 화상 복호 장치 |
US9602827B2 (en) * | 2012-07-02 | 2017-03-21 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Video parameter set including an offset syntax element |
EP2890139A4 (en) * | 2012-08-27 | 2016-04-06 | Sony Corp | TRANSMISSION DEVICE, TRANSMISSION METHOD, RECEPTION DEVICE AND RECEIVER METHOD |
US9565437B2 (en) | 2013-04-08 | 2017-02-07 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Parameter set designs for video coding extensions |
KR101638791B1 (ko) * | 2015-03-13 | 2016-07-12 | 한국디엠비 (주) | 고화질 dmb를 위한 계층적 비디오 스트림 다중화 방법, 역다중화 방법 |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6233017B1 (en) * | 1996-09-16 | 2001-05-15 | Microsoft Corporation | Multimedia compression system with adaptive block sizes |
DE19900741A1 (de) * | 1999-01-12 | 2000-07-13 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Verfahren zur Übertragung von bei Multimedia-Anwendung auftretenden Bitströmen über ein Netzwerk |
CN1253008C (zh) * | 2001-10-26 | 2006-04-19 | 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 | 空间可分级压缩的方法和设备 |
-
2004
- 2004-08-23 KR KR20040066270A patent/KR100662350B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2005
- 2005-08-22 US US11/210,024 patent/US20060039480A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-08-22 JP JP2005240474A patent/JP4463170B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-08-23 EP EP20050018287 patent/EP1631088A1/en active Pending
- 2005-08-23 CN CNB2005100959442A patent/CN100493189C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1741611A (zh) | 2006-03-01 |
KR100662350B1 (ko) | 2007-01-02 |
KR20060017973A (ko) | 2006-02-28 |
EP1631088A1 (en) | 2006-03-01 |
JP2006060828A (ja) | 2006-03-02 |
US20060039480A1 (en) | 2006-02-23 |
CN100493189C (zh) | 2009-05-27 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP4463170B2 (ja) | 映像信号伝送方法および装置 | |
US7136485B2 (en) | Packetizing devices for scalable data streaming | |
US7516243B2 (en) | Method and system for midstream transcoding of scalable packets in response to downstream requirements | |
US20030041258A1 (en) | Encoding and decoding methods for scalable streaming and related systems | |
US20030041257A1 (en) | Systems, methods and storage devices for scalable data streaming | |
JP2008523689A (ja) | 単層符号化を使用する無線ビデオストリーミング及び優先順位付けされたストリーミング | |
EP2214414A1 (en) | Constructing video frames and synchronizing audio data in a media player from data received via a plurality of diverse protocol stack paths | |
WO2011142569A2 (en) | Method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving layered coded video | |
US7830969B2 (en) | Encoding devices for scalable data streaming | |
JP2006503517A (ja) | Ipネットワークでスケーラブル符号化映像を伝送するシステム及び方法 | |
US20080062998A1 (en) | Method and system for retransmitting Internet Protocol packet for terrestrial digital multimedia broadcasting service | |
US8432937B2 (en) | System and method for recovering the decoding order of layered media in packet-based communication | |
JP4549610B2 (ja) | 通信システム、通信方法、送信装置および方法、受信装置および方法、並びにプログラム | |
JP4880222B2 (ja) | 前方エラー訂正符号を用いる映像のドリフトのない一部の複数記述チャネル符号化のシステム及び方法 | |
KR20100071688A (ko) | 스케일러블 비디오 코딩 기반의 포괄적 비디오 접근을 위한스트리밍 서비스 장치 및 방법 | |
CN102067551A (zh) | 媒体流处理 | |
EP1554812B1 (en) | System and method for providing error recovery for streaming fgs encoded video over an ip network | |
KR20190049702A (ko) | 무접속 무선 미디어 브로드캐스트 | |
US20110055550A1 (en) | Method and apparatus for preserving security in video multicasting service | |
JP2013042492A (ja) | 常駐表示式ビデオ会議においてビデオストリームを切替える方法およびシステム | |
US8391482B2 (en) | Signal format that facilitates easy scalability of data streams | |
TWI491218B (zh) | 媒體中繼視訊通信 | |
JP6197708B2 (ja) | 動画像伝送システム、動画像符号化装置、動画像復号装置及び動画像符号化用コンピュータプログラムならびに動画像復号用コンピュータプログラム | |
JP4182347B2 (ja) | 画像データ通信システム及び画像データ通信方法 | |
TWI846795B (zh) | 用於經串流媒體資料之多個解碼器介面 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20080616 |
|
A601 | Written request for extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601 Effective date: 20080916 |
|
A602 | Written permission of extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A602 Effective date: 20080919 |
|
A601 | Written request for extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601 Effective date: 20081015 |
|
A602 | Written permission of extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A602 Effective date: 20081020 |
|
A601 | Written request for extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601 Effective date: 20081113 |
|
A602 | Written permission of extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A602 Effective date: 20081118 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20081215 |
|
A02 | Decision of refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02 Effective date: 20090316 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20090713 |
|
A911 | Transfer to examiner for re-examination before appeal (zenchi) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A911 Effective date: 20090724 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20100128 |
|
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20100216 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130226 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
FPAY | Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database) |
Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20140226 Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |