JP4457962B2 - Workpiece machining method with multi-task machine - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a workpiece processing method using a multi-tasking machine that includes an automatic tool changer and enables a workpiece to be processed by a plurality of processing methods using various processing tools. The present invention relates to a workpiece machining method using a plurality of multi-tasking machines that enables consistent processing.

  Machine tools include lathes, drilling machines, boring machines, milling machines, planing machines, broaching machines, grinders, etc., depending on the content of the machining. There is something you can do. In addition, for example, various so-called combined processing machines capable of turning and grinding have been proposed (for example, Patent Document 1). In addition, a flexible production system called FMS can move between a plurality of NC machine tools and these machine tools, and loads and unloads workpieces to and from these machine tools. For example, an automatic workpiece transfer device and each workpiece In accordance with a machining program corresponding to the above, all the machine tools in the system or a control device for controlling the necessary machine tools are proposed, and various production methods for realizing such FMS have been proposed (for example, Patent Document 2).

  In Patent Document 1, a plurality of stored tool turrets are exchanged, and turning, milling, drilling, and grinding are performed while controlling the movement to the XYZ axes with the tools in the tool turret set on the spindle head. A multi-task machine is disclosed.

In Patent Document 2, a heat treatment schedule for performing heat treatment in a heat treatment facility based on input order information is created, and a previous process schedule for performing processing in a previous process facility is created based on the heat treatment schedule. A production method by FMS is disclosed in which processing is performed in a pre-process facility in accordance with a process schedule, and a workpiece processed in the pre-process facility is heat-treated in a heat treatment facility in accordance with a heat treatment schedule.
A production method in which a plurality of machining centers are arranged to cope with an increase or decrease in production volume is called FTL (flexible transfer line), and is disclosed in, for example, Patent Document 3.
Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-61585 JP 2000-280149 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-148636

  However, for example, by combining a multi-tasking machine such as Patent Document 1 and an NC turning center or machining center capable of various processing, for example, based on various production methods as disclosed in Patent Document 2, workpiece machining An effective production method that makes it possible to process from start to finish consistently has not been sufficiently proposed. In particular, the existing FTL includes a plurality of machining centers capable of only cutting, and no FTL including quenching and grinding is disclosed. Also, the existing FTL is for so-called square objects (things that work on a fixed workpiece such as an engine cylinder block), and so-called shaft objects (engine crankshaft and other workpieces are rotated). FTLs for those that are processed) are not disclosed.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an automatic tool changer and to arrange a plurality of multi-task machines capable of processing a workpiece by a plurality of processing methods using various processing tools, and can effectively cope with an increase or decrease in production quantity. It is to provide a processing method or a production method.

1st invention selects one processing tool in predetermined order from the shape processing tool which forms the shape of a workpiece | work, the heat processing tool which heat-processes to the said workpiece | work, and the finishing tool which performs the finishing process of the said workpiece | work A multi-tasking machine capable of selectively performing a plurality of types of processing on the work in terms of the production quantity of the work, the operation period of the multi-tasking machine, and the processing time per unit quantity of the work a placement step of placing a plurality in the processing line of the workpiece according to the previous SL from a plurality of processing steps for performing a series of machining the workpiece, a plurality of the composite processing machine disposed in the processing line, respectively A shared machining determination step for determining a machining process to be shared so that an accumulated time of machining times of each machining process does not exceed a tact time; and adding the workpiece to the machining process. A work machining method comprising: a shared machining step in which the machining of the machining process is shared and executed by the plurality of complex machines by passing in series between the plurality of complex machines based on an order. I will provide a.

  In the above invention, in the arranging step, a plurality of first multi-tasking machines are arranged on the processing line as the plurality of multi-tasking machines, and in the sharing processing step, the first multi-tasking machine is turned. You may make it share, make the said 2nd compound processing machine share a hardening process, and make the said 3rd compound processing machine share a grinding process.

  According to the present invention, a machining method that includes an automatic tool changer, and that can effectively cope with an increase or decrease in production quantity by arranging a plurality of multi-tasking machines that can machine a workpiece by a plurality of machining methods using various machining tools. Alternatively, a production method can be provided.

(Embodiment of the present invention)
(Configuration of multi-task machine)
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, a multi-task machine that constitutes an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. For convenience of explanation, the positional relationship related to the overall configuration of the multi-tasking machine will be described as a state viewed from a user standing on the multi-tasking machine (standing on the lower side in FIG. 1). That is, as viewed from the user, the front side is “front”, the back side is “rear”, the right side is “right”, the left side is “left”, the upper side is “up”, and the lower side is “lower”. The forward direction is the X-axis direction, the left direction is the Z-axis direction, and the upward direction is the Y-axis direction. In the following embodiment, in FIGS. 1 to 5, the first machining tool 501a, which is an unspecified processing tool, is replaced with the second processing tool 501b, which is an unspecified processing tool. FIGS. 6 to 10 illustrate a case where a workpiece is machined by replacing each machining tool in the order of a turning tool 502, a cutting tool 503, a heat treatment tool 504, a grinding tool 505, and a surface finishing tool 506. Will be explained.

  FIG. 1 is a plan view of the multi-tasking machine according to the embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a front view of the rear side of the multi-tasking machine shown in FIG.

  The multi-task machine 1 is controlled by a computer numerical control device (CNC) (not shown), and includes a multi-task machine body and an accessory device (not shown). Main accessory devices include a laser oscillator, an oil supply device, a cooling device, an air supply device, a coolant supply device, a chip collecting device, a duct device for connecting these devices to the multi-tasking machine body, and the like.

  The multi-task machine 1 is placed on a bed 10 and supports a workpiece support drive unit 100 that rotatably supports a shaft object or a long workpiece W, and a wheel rotation spindle unit 200 to which a processing tool is detachably mounted. A link head 301 that is mounted with the wheel rotation spindle unit 200 and can be positioned with respect to the workpiece W by the multi-degree-of-freedom link mechanism 300 mounted on the bed 10, and a predetermined position of the wheel rotation spindle unit 200. And an automatic tool changer unit 400 that is attached to and detached from the tool holder.

  The work support drive unit 100 has left and right headstocks 103 that are slidably movable via left and right headstock slide guides 102 on a headstock base 101 placed on a bed 10. Mounted on the base 103 is a spindle driving motor 104 that rotates the spindle 105 at a predetermined rotational speed. Each of the left and right headstocks 103 is configured to be able to slide in the Z direction independently on the left and right sides, hold the workpiece W between predetermined centers, and fix the position thereof.

  The wheel rotation spindle unit 200 transmits the rotation driving force of the wheel rotation spindle driving motor 306 mounted on the link head 301 to the wheel rotation spindle 201 mounted with the first processing tool 501a by the traction drive unit 202. The first machining tool 501a is rotationally driven at a predetermined rotational speed. The traction drive unit 202 has a small vibration and can be rotated and transmitted by a rolling element and is suitable for grinding. However, other transmission methods, for example, a rotation drive system using a gear or a belt, or a wheel rotation spindle drive motor You may comprise by the direct connection system etc. with 306. FIG.

  The wheel rotation main shaft 201 has a clamp portion 203 that clamps the tapered portion 510 of the first processing tool 501a and firmly fastens the first processing tool 501a and the wheel rotation main shaft 201. Specifically, the clamp unit 203 is configured by a compatible standard such as an HSK interface standard for a multi-task machine.

  The multi-degree-of-freedom link mechanism 300 is called a so-called parallel mechanism in which closed link mechanisms are arranged in parallel, and a total of four left and right linear guide bases 302 placed on the head 10 are provided. The feed mechanism includes a link head 301 on which the wheel rotation spindle unit 200 is mounted and four links 303 that connect the feed mechanism. The feed mechanism includes a pair of left and right linear guides 304, two sliders 307 guided so as to be movable in the X-axis direction with respect to each linear guide 304, and a ball screw for independently moving each of the sliders 307. 308 and a link drive servo motor 305. One end of the link 303 is coupled to and supported by the slider 307 of the feed mechanism so as to be pivotable, and the other end is coupled and supported at a predetermined position of the link head 301. With this configuration, the link head 301 moves in the X-axis direction, moves in the Z-axis direction, and controls the position of each slider independently by controlling each link drive motor 305, and Position and attitude control with three degrees of freedom of rotation about the Y axis is possible. The feed mechanism constituting the multi-degree-of-freedom link mechanism 300 may be configured such that each slider is driven by a linear motor instead of the ball screw 308 and the link drive servo motor 305.

  The position of the link head 301 in the X-axis direction, the Z-axis direction, and the rotation angle around the Y-axis is determined by four position sensors (such as an optical linear scale or a magnetic linear scale) attached to the linear guide 304. The position of each link 303 is detected, and the position and posture of the link head 301 are controlled based on the detected position. The position detection described above may be configured to detect a specific portion of the link head 301 or the wheel rotation spindle unit 200 by an optical method, a magnetic method, or an electrical method. In this case, the position and posture of the link head 301 are controlled by detecting at least the X-axis position and the Z-axis position of two different points of the link head 301 or the wheel rotation spindle unit 200. In addition, the first processing tools 501a on the wheel rotation spindle unit 200 mounted on the link head 301 are each configured in a predetermined shape and coupled and fixed in a predetermined positional relationship, so that the position of the link head 301 and By controlling the posture, the position of the processing point of the first processing tool 501a can also be controlled. Accordingly, it is possible to cause the first processing tool 501a to adopt a processing posture corresponding to the outer shape, processing position, processing angle, and the like of the workpiece W being processed.

  The automatic tool changer unit 400 is placed at a predetermined position on the bed 10 and has a tool turret 403 having a plurality of tool pods 402 capable of holding various second processing tools 501b, and an index around the X axis. The servo motor 404 is configured to control. Inside the tool pod 402, a coupling portion 406 by a ball bush 405 is formed so that the groove portion 407 formed at the tip portion of the second processing tool 501b can be attached and detached with a predetermined force or more. The number of tool pods 402 can be configured such that a large number of tool pods 402 can be set by setting the diameter of the tool turret 403 large.

  The first machining tool 501a and the second machining tool 501b include a turning tool 502 such as an electrodeposition wheel for turning used for turning, a cutting tool 503 such as a drill used for drilling and grooving, an end mill, and the like. There is a heat treatment tool 504 such as a laser hardening head, a grinding tool 505 such as a grinding wheel (for example, CBN wheel) used for grinding, and a surface finishing tool 506 used for superfinishing, ELID grinding or the like. The turning tool 502 such as an electrodeposition wheel for turning, and the cutting tool 503 such as a drill and end mill used for drilling and grooving are mainly used to form the shape of the workpiece W. It can be collectively referred to as a tool. Further, a grinding tool 505 such as a grinding wheel, a surface finishing tool 506 used for super finishing, ELID grinding, etc. are mainly used for obtaining the accuracy, surface roughness, etc. of the workpiece W. Can be collectively referred to. Then, by the wheel rotation spindle unit 200, the multi-degree-of-freedom link mechanism 300, and the automatic tool change unit 400, one processing tool is selected in a predetermined order from the shape processing tool, the heat treatment processing tool, and the finishing processing tool. .

  As the turning tool 502, a tool used in a rotating state such as an electrodeposition wheel for turning can be mounted in addition to a tool used in a state in which a tool such as a cutting tool or a cutting tool is not rotated. Here, the electrodeposition wheel for turning is obtained by embedding superabrasive grains such as a bite chip, diamond, and CBN on the outer periphery of a wheel base material by plating such as nickel, and is excellent in tool cost.

  As a cutting tool 503 used for drilling, grooving, etc., a drill, a tap, an end mill, a milling tool, etc. can be mounted. These tools are driven around the axis of the tool, that is, around the axis parallel to the X axis Since it is necessary, it is necessary to change the direction of the rotational movement of the wheel rotation main shaft 201 which is rotation around an axis parallel to the Z axis. This rotation direction changing mechanism can be constituted by a bevel gear and can be incorporated in a tool. Moreover, it is good also as a structure which has rotational drive means, such as a motor, in a tool, without using the rotational motion of the wheel rotation main axis | shaft 201. FIG.

  A heat treatment tool 504 such as a laser quenching head is configured to focus and irradiate a surface of the workpiece W with a high energy density laser beam. The laser beam is supplied by a carbon dioxide laser, a high-power semiconductor laser, a laser array, or the like. The laser beam light source may be built in the heat treatment tool 504 or placed on the bed 10 outside the heat treatment tool 504, for example. Then, the collimated laser beam emitted from the laser beam light source may be configured to control the position of the condensing unit by the condensing unit mounted on the heat treatment tool 504 and focus and irradiate the processing point with the laser beam. . When the heat treatment tool 504 is used, the rotational power of the wheel rotation main shaft 201 is not used.

  The wheel rotation spindle unit 200 is a stationary means such as a brake for holding the wheel rotation spindle 201 in a stopped state, a wheel rotation spindle drive motor 301 capable of setting a large stationary torque of the wheel rotation spindle 201, or the wheel rotation spindle 201 in a stopped state. It is preferable to have a control means having a large rotation stop servo rigidity. Moreover, it can also be set as the structure which has the tool mounting part which fixes the 1st processing tool 501a to the wheel rotation spindle unit 200 for the case of using the tool which does not process in a rotation state like the heat processing tool 504 etc. .

  A grinding tool 505 that is a grinding wheel (for example, a CBN wheel) used for grinding is a CBN wheel that uses CBN (Cubic Boron Nitride) abrasive grains and is capable of high-precision grinding. It has a configuration.

  The superfinishing process by the surface finishing tool 506 preferably incorporates an excitation means such as an ultrasonic generator that vibrates the grindstone in the surface finishing tool 506 in order to obtain a smooth surface. Further, the ELID grinding process by the surface finishing tool 506 is preferably constituted by a grinding wheel in which diamond abrasive grains are fixed with a cast iron bond agent, and further provided with an electrolytic solution supply means and an electrolytic power source.

(Automatic tool change)
FIGS. 3A and 3B are diagrams showing the positional relationship of each unit in the automatic tool changer unit 400 when the first machining tool 501a and the second machining tool 501b are attached and detached. FIGS. 4A and 4B are diagrams illustrating the recovery operation of the first processing tool 501a to the tool turret 403. FIG. FIGS. 5A, 5 </ b> B, 5 </ b> C, and 5 </ b> D are diagrams illustrating a process of attaching the second processing tool 501 b to the wheel rotation spindle unit 200.

  The wheel rotation spindle unit 200 is driven to a predetermined position by the multi-degree-of-freedom link mechanism 300 with respect to the automatic tool change unit 400 placed at a predetermined position on the bed 10, and the first machining tool 501 a is attached and detached. Operation is possible. The predetermined position is determined by the position of the groove portion 407 formed at the tip end portion of the first processing tool 501a and the coupling portion 406 by the ball bush 405 inside the tool pod 402. When the predetermined position differs depending on the type of the first processing tool 501a, the predetermined position specified by the type of the first processing tool 501a is input as processing data, and an automatic tool changing process by NC control is performed. It is reflected in.

  FIGS. 4A and 4B are diagrams for explaining the recovery operation of the first processing tool 501a to the tool turret 403. FIG. The first machining tool 501a attached to the wheel rotation spindle unit 200 collects the first machining tool 501a into the tool turret 403 as a step to move to the next machining step. First, the wheel rotation spindle unit 200 is driven to a predetermined position by the multi-degree-of-freedom link mechanism 300 (FIG. 4A), and then a groove 407 formed at the tip of the first processing tool 501a is predetermined. It is inserted into the coupling part 406 with the force of (4 (b)). The groove 407 is held by the ball bush 405 with a predetermined force. The taper portion 510 of the first processing tool 501a that has been fastened to the wheel rotation main shaft 201 by the clamp portion 203 of the wheel rotation main shaft unit 200 is released from the clamp. After these operations are completed, the wheel rotation spindle unit 200 is separated from the automatic tool change unit 400 by the multi-degree-of-freedom link mechanism 300, and the recovery operation is completed.

  FIGS. 5A, 5 </ b> B, 5 </ b> C, and 5 </ b> D are diagrams for explaining the mounting operation of the second processing tool 501 b on the wheel rotation spindle unit 200. First, in a state where the wheel rotation spindle unit 200 is separated from the automatic tool change unit 400, the tool turret 403 on which the second processing tool 501b is set performs an indexing operation. The servo motor 404 rotates so that the portion of the tool pod 402 on which the second processing tool 501b used in the next process is set reaches a predetermined position, and the indexing operation of the tool turret 403 is completed (FIG. 5A). ).

  The wheel rotation spindle unit 200 approaches the second machining tool 501b in the attachable state, the taper portion 510 is coupled to the clamp portion 203 of the wheel rotation spindle unit 200, and is fastened to the wheel rotation spindle 201. When the clamp part 203 is configured in accordance with the HSK interface standard for the multi-tasking machine, the tapered part 510 and the end face of the first processing tool 501a are firmly fastened to the wheel rotation spindle 201 by the two-surface constraint (FIG. 5). (B)).

  After the above processing tool mounting operation is completed, the wheel rotation spindle unit 200 is separated from the automatic tool changing unit 400 by the multi-degree-of-freedom link mechanism 300, and the first processing tool 501a is set at the initial position for the next process. (FIG. 5C). Thereafter, the tool turret 403 rotates and returns to the initialization position, and the operation of mounting the first processing tool 501a on the wheel rotation spindle unit 200 is completed (FIG. 5D).

  In the following description, a turning tool 502, a cutting tool 503, a heat treatment tool 504, a grinding tool 505, and a surface finishing tool 506 will be described as processing tools that actually perform processing, and the wheel rotation spindle unit 200 or automatic No matter which side of the tool change unit 400 is mounted, the first processing tool 501a and the second processing tool 501b are not distinguished.

(Turning)
FIGS. 6A and 6B are views showing a state in which the workpiece W is turned by attaching an electrodeposition wheel for turning as a turning tool 502 used for turning to the wheel rotation spindle unit 200. FIG. It is. When the workpiece W is turned while the electrodeposition wheel for turning is rotated at high speed by the wheel rotation spindle 201, the tool wear becomes 1/10 or less, and the tool cost is 1/0, compared with the turning by a normal tool. It can be reduced to about 2. When machining the end face of the workpiece W, the turning tool 502 turns the turning tool 502 about the Y axis by the multi-degree-of-freedom link mechanism 300. As shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, the turning tool 502 can be turned by either the left or right end face of the workpiece W, and the multi-degree-of-freedom link mechanism 300 can be used to achieve the optimum turning tool 502 posture. Cutting and feeding operations are possible.

(Heat treatment)
FIG. 7 is a view showing a state in which a heat treatment tool 504 such as a laser hardening head is attached to the wheel rotation spindle unit 200 and the workpiece W is heat treated. When the heat treatment tool 504 is a laser hardening processing tool, a high energy density laser beam is focused on the surface of the workpiece W and irradiated. Since the laser spot formed on the processed surface of the workpiece W has a small diameter size, the range heated by the high energy density laser beam is near the small diameter size, and the periphery of this range is quenched. Since the position of the laser spot is moved by the rotation of the workpiece W, the heated range is rapidly cooled, and the quenching process is completed without providing a tempering process. When quenching is performed while feeding the heat treatment tool 504 in the longitudinal direction of the workpiece W, the workpiece W can be quenched in a wide range. Also, various heat treatments such as tempering can be performed by changing the heating conditions by the laser beam. Furthermore, for example, when the workpiece W is a resin material, various heat treatment processes such as modification of the surface of the workpiece W can be performed by focusing and irradiating a laser beam with a short wavelength. When the heat treatment tool 504 is used, the processing is performed while the wheel rotation main shaft 201 of the wheel rotation main shaft unit 200 is held in a stopped state.

(Drilling, grooving)
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a state in which a cutting tool 503 used for drilling, grooving, or the like is mounted on the wheel rotation spindle unit 200 to perform drilling, grooving, or the like of the workpiece W. A drill is mounted on the wheel rotation spindle unit 200 as the cutting tool 503, the drill is rotated by the rotation power of the wheel rotation spindle 201 or a built-in rotation means, and the workpiece W is drilled without rotating. In the case of grooving, a desired grooving can be performed by attaching an end mill as the cutting tool 503, cutting it into the workpiece W, and then moving it in the grooving direction.

(Grinding)
FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a state in which a grinding wheel (for example, a CBN wheel) is mounted as the grinding tool 505 on the wheel rotation spindle unit 200 and the workpiece W is ground. In the grinding process, as shown in the figure, not only the grinding wheel is brought into contact with the workpiece W at a right angle, but also the grinding wheel is inclined as described in the turning process in FIG. Angle grinding can be easily performed. The grinding tool 505 can be swung on both the outer peripheral surface and the left and right end surfaces of the workpiece W, and the multi-degree-of-freedom link mechanism 300 can perform cutting and feeding operations with an optimum posture of the grinding tool 505. This makes it possible to perform grinding processing based on a new grinding theory using not only conventional grinding wheels but also graded composition grinding wheels that have different compositions for each region within the grinding wheel, or different composition grinding wheels formed by combining different grinding wheels. Can also be done.

(Surface finishing)
Various surface finishing tools 506 can be mounted on the wheel rotation spindle unit 200 to perform surface finishing of the workpiece W. Surface finishing such as super-finishing that performs surface finishing while applying vibration to the grindstone and ELID grinding that performs grinding while performing dressing in an electrolytic solution is possible. In addition, surface finishing such as lapping, polishing and buffing is also possible.

  FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of a conventional processing line configuration of a constant velocity joint which is one of typical parts of an automobile. When machining is started, first, center hole machining (CEN) of the workpiece is performed. This step is omitted when center hole machining is performed at the stage of manufacturing the blank material of the workpiece. Next, the outer shape of the workpiece is processed by turning (LA). The outer shape is almost finished on the product shape, leaving a finishing allowance. Since machining time is required, there are cases where lathes are operated in parallel on the machining line. Although there is a chamfering process (CHA) process as one process of turning, this process is omitted when the chamfered part is formed at the stage of manufacturing the blank material of the workpiece. Next, necessary holes and grooves are formed by drilling (DR) and spline processing (SPL). After the outer shape is finished, quenching (HT) such as quenching (HT1) and tempering (HT2) is performed, and surface finishing and dimensional accuracy are obtained by grinding (GR). Since grinding requires a processing time, the grinding machines may be operated in parallel on the processing line. Finally, the internal machining is hard-turned by turning, and a series of machining is completed.

(First embodiment)
The constant-velocity joint machining line shown in FIG. 10 includes an L1 process P101 that is center hole machining of a workpiece, an L2 process P102 that is turning, an L3 process P103 that is chamfering, an L4 process P104 that is drilling, and spline machining. L5 process P105, quenching process Y1 process P106, tempering process Y2 process P107, grinding process G1 process P108, and finishing process G2 process P109. A case where W is produced in each operation time S will be described. FIG. 11 shows a case where machining is performed by one, two and three multi-task machines.

The processing time of the workpiece W in each of the shape processing steps L1, L2, L3, L4, and L5 is T _L1 , T _L2 , T _L3 , T _L4 , and T _L5 . Similarly, the processing time of the workpiece W in each of the Y1 process and Y2 process that are heat treatment processes, the G1 process that is a grinding finishing process, and the G2 process is T _Y1 , T _Y2 , T _G1 , and T _G2 . The machining time required for each workpiece W, that is, the tact time of the machining line is S / n, and a finished product is produced every S / n time. The number N (N is an integer) of complex processing machines necessary to realize this production amount is expressed as N ≧ (T _L1 + T _L2 + T _L3 + T _L4 + T _L5 + T _Y1 + T _Y2 + T _G1 + T _G2 ) ÷ (S / n )

Next, the processes to be shared by the first multi-tasking machine M1 are sequentially accumulated from the processing time T _L1 of the L1 process P101 until T _L1 + T _L2 +... Becomes S / n. The process to be shared by the second multi-task machine M2 is S / n by adding up the times of the respective process steps in the same manner from the next process step shared by the first multi-function machine M1. It is a process until. Hereinafter, in the same manner, the process to be shared by the Nth multi-task machine MN is the last from the next process step to the process to be shared by the (N-1) multi-task machine M (N-1). Up to G2 step P109. In addition, what is necessary is just to select the integration time of each processing process so that it may become the value nearest to tact time. In a specific example to be described later, the description is omitted, but it is necessary to perform integration calculation including the time for exchanging the machining tool in each machining step or the time for attaching and detaching the workpiece W to the multi-tasking machine.

As a specific example, the daily operation time is 8 hours (28800 seconds), T _L1 = 10 seconds, T _L2 = 20 seconds, T _L3 = 20 seconds, T _L4 = 10 seconds, T _L5 = 30 seconds, It is assumed that T _Y1 = 30 seconds, T _Y2 = 10 seconds, T _G1 = 20 seconds, and T _G2 = 30 seconds.

When the production quantity per day is n = 150, the tact time is 28800 ÷ 150 = 192 seconds, and the required number N of complex processing machines is the smallest integer satisfying N ≧ (10 + 20 + 20 + 10 + 30 + 30 + 10 + 20 + 30) ÷ 192 = 0.94 , N = 1. In this case, the process division is not necessary, and all the machining processes are performed with one multi-task machine (FIG. 11A).

When the production quantity per day is n = 300, the tact time is 28800 ÷ 300 = 96 seconds, and the required number N of multi-task machines is the smallest integer satisfying N ≧ (10 + 20 + 20 + 10 + 30 + 30 + 10 + 20 + 30) ÷ 96 = 1.875 N = 2 units. The first multi-task machine M1 performs shared processing from the L1 process P101 to the L5 process P105, the processing time is 10 + 20 + 20 + 10 + 30 = 90 seconds, and the second multi-task machine M2 from the Y1 process P106 to the G2 process P109. The processing time is 30 + 10 + 20 + 30 = 90 seconds (FIG. 11B).

When the daily production quantity is n = 450, the tact time is 28800 ÷ 450 = 64 seconds, and the required number N of multi-task machines is the smallest integer that satisfies N ≧ (10 + 20 + 20 + 10 + 30 + 30 + 10 + 20 + 30) ÷ 64 = 2.81 N = 3 units. The first multi-task machine M1 performs the shared processing from the L1 process P101 to the L4 process P104, the processing time is 10 + 20 + 20 + 10 = 60 seconds, and the second multi-task machine M2 from the L5 process P105 to the Y1 process P106. The machining time is 30 + 30 = 60 seconds, and the third multi-task machine M3 performs the shared machining from the Y2 process P107 to the G2 process P109, and the machining time is 10 + 20 + 30 = 60 seconds (FIG. 11 (c)).

  According to the above-described embodiment, the number of required multi-task machines is determined according to the work production quantity, the operation period of the multi-task machine, and the processing time per unit quantity of the work, and this is used as a processing line. Arranged, each multi-task machine can share a plurality of machining processes, and it is possible to efficiently process the workpiece W without any play in each multi-task machine.

(Second Embodiment)
Of the main machining steps represented by the machining of the constant velocity joint, a case will be described in which turning, quenching, and grinding are performed by the above-described combined machining machine. FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a flow of each step of the processing method according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 13 shows a process flow in the processing line according to the embodiment of the present invention. (A) shows a process flow according to the processing type, and (b) shows a combined processing machine. It is a figure which shows the flow of the process by the processing quantity and processing classification of the workpiece | work W which divide and process. In addition, in the case of processing integrated by a multi-tasking machine, the processing tool replacement time in each multi-tasking machine generally requires more time than the delivery time of the workpiece W between each multi-tasking machine. In the following various embodiments, the work W transfer time is omitted.

(Placement step)
In the case where a predetermined quantity is produced by processing the workpiece W, a case where a plurality of combined processing machines are arranged to form a processing line will be described. The types of processing required to produce a product are turning, quenching, and grinding, and the number of combined processing machines to be used is determined in consideration of the production quantity. The multi-tasking machine is placed on the processing line (placement step S101). In this arrangement step, the multi-tasking machine is arranged so that the workpiece W is delivered between the respective machining processes based on the machining order. Here, it is desirable that the plurality of multi-task machines be arranged based on the transport path of the workpiece W from the multi-task machine to the multi-task machine that shares the next processing. It should be noted that there are two or more combined processing machines to be arranged, and the upper limit is limited by the factory space constituting this processing line.

(Shared processing decision step)
Based on the number of multi-tasking machines determined in the placement step, shared processing of each multi-tasking machine is determined as follows. The production quantity to be produced in this machining line is n, and the production quantities per unit time in each machining process of turning, quenching, and grinding are V _L , V _Y , and V _G ( FIG. 13 (a)). The time required for the n processing in each processing step is n / _{V G} in turning n / _{V L,} the hardening process n / _{V Y,} in grinding. These machining times are shared by the respective complex machines constituting the machining line, and the machining times of the respective complex machines are obtained. Here, it is desirable that the processing time of each composite processing machine is the same in all the composite processing machines on the processing line. If the machining time of one multi-tasking machine is long, play time that cannot be machined by other multi-tasking machines occurs, and the so-called critical path can be made into a multi-tasking machine process with a long machining time, which is the critical path of the entire machining line. Because it becomes. Therefore, the production time of this processing line is limited by the processing time of the multi-tasking machine having a long processing time, and the production efficiency is lowered.

From the above, the type and amount of processing to be shared by each multi-tasking machine are determined so that the machining times of the multi-task machines are the same. This processing line, in case of arranging the three multifunction machines of the same _model, for the case of _{n / V L <n / V} Y <n / V G will be described. That is, the processing time in the quenching process is longer than the processing time in the turning process, and the processing time in the grinding process is longer than the processing time in the quenching process. At this time, the first multi-tasking machine M1 arranged in the first processing step performs all the turning processing and part of the quenching processing in the next step. In addition, the second multi-tasking machine M2 arranged in the second processing step performs part of the quenching process and a part of the next grinding process. Further, the third multi-task machine M3 arranged in the third processing step performs part of the grinding process.

Here, let n ₁ be the quantity of quenching processed by the first multi-task machine M1. That is, the first multi-task machine M1 turns n workpieces W and quenches n ₁ workpieces W. Further, the machining quantity of grinding the second composite machine M2 is shared processing to n _2. Therefore, the second multi-task machine M2 quenches (n−n ₁ ) workpieces W and grinds n ₂ workpieces W. Further, the third multi-task machine M3 grinds (n−n ₂ ) workpieces W.

Therefore, the machining time of the first combined machine M1 is n / V _L + n ₁ / V _Y , and the machining time of the second combined machine M2 is (n−n ₁ ) / V _Y + n ₂ / V _G. , machining time of the third integrated mill M3 is _{(n-n 2) / V} G.
In order for these processing times to be equal, the following two expressions must be satisfied.
n / V _L + n ₁ / V _Y = (n−n ₁ ) / V _Y + n ₂ / V _G
n / V _L + n ₁ / V _Y = (n−n ₂ ) / V _G
From this, n ₁ = n × V _Y (1 / V _G + 1 / V _Y −2 / V _L ) / 3
_{n 2 = n × V G (} 2 / V G -1 / V Y -1 / V L) / 3
It becomes. Thus, the first composite machine M1 is determined to share processing quenching process of the second composite machine M2 for the calculated n ₁ piece of the work W, also, the second composite machine M2 is Then, it is determined to share the grinding process of the third multi-task machine M3 with respect to the calculated n ₂ workpieces W (shared machining determination step S102).

(Shared processing step)
Based on the shared processing decision result of the decision in step, the first multi-axis machines M1, hardening processing of n turning and n ₁ one workpiece W in the workpiece W, In the second composite machine M2 , (N−n ₁ ) quenching of the workpieces W and grinding of n ₂ workpieces W, and (n−n ₂ ) workpieces W are ground in the third compound processing machine M3. (FIG. 13B).

The first multi-tasking machine M1 attaches the turning tool 502 to the wheel rotation spindle unit 200 by the attaching process of the turning tool 502, and rotates the turning tool 502 at a rotational speed suitable for the material of the workpiece W. The supplied n workpieces W are continuously turned. When this is completed, in order to perform on-machine quenching, the turning tool 502 is collected in the tool turret 403, and then the heat treatment tool 504 is mounted on the wheel rotation spindle unit 200. The heat treatment tool 504 quenches n ₁ workpieces W. The (n−n ₁ ) number of workpieces W that are only turned and not quenched by the first multi-task machine M1 are conveyed and supplied to the second multi-task machine M2. In addition, n _one workpiece W that has been turned and quenched by the first multi-task machine M1 is conveyed and supplied to the third multi-task machine M3. As soon as the processing of the individual workpieces W in the first multi-function machine M1 is completed, the conveyance is sequentially carried to the multi-function machines M2 and M3 so that no waiting time is generated in the next process. The work W is transferred at

Next, in the second combined processing machine M2, first, the heat treatment tool 504 is mounted on the wheel rotation spindle unit 200 in order to perform on-machine quenching. The heat treatment tool 504 quenches (n−n ₁ ) workpieces W transferred from the first combined machine M1. After the on-machine quenching is completed, the heat treatment tool 504 is collected in the tool turret 403, and the grinding tool 505 is mounted on the wheel rotation spindle unit 200. Grinding is performed by rotating the workpiece W at a rotation speed suitable for the material of the grinding tool 505 and the workpiece W, and by rotating at a rotation speed suitable for the material of the grinding tool 505. Grinding is performed on n _{2 of} the (n−n ₁ ) workpieces W quenched on the machine. The (n−n ₁ −n ₂ ) pieces of workpieces W that are only quenched by the second multi-task machine M2 are transported and supplied to the third multi-task machine M3. As for the conveyance, as soon as the processing of the individual workpieces W in the second multi-tasking machine M2 is finished, it is sequentially transferred to the third multi-task machine M3, so that no waiting time is generated in the next process. Delivery is done at. The n ₂ pieces that have been quenched and ground by the second multi-task machine M2 are finished.

Next, in the third multi-task machine M3, the grinding tool 505 is attached to the wheel rotation spindle unit 200 by the attaching process of the grinding tool 505. Grinding is performed by rotating the workpiece W at a rotation speed suitable for the material of the grinding tool 505 and the workpiece W, and by rotating at a rotation speed suitable for the material of the grinding tool 505. Total (n−n ₂ ) of n ₁ workpieces W transported from the first multi-tasking machine M1 and (n−n ₁ −n ₂ ) work Ws transported from the second multi-tasking machine M2. Grinding is performed sequentially on the pieces.

The n ₂ workpieces W that are quenched and ground by the second multi-task machine M2 and the (n ₂ ) workpieces W that are ground by the third multi-task machine M3 are processed almost simultaneously. Is completed, and all the processing is completed (shared processing step S103).

  The embodiment of the present invention described above is an example in which a machining line is configured by three complex machines, but each complex machine can be performed by the same shared machining determination step as described above even if the number is other than that. Since the number of workpieces W to be processed and the type of processing can be determined, efficient processing is possible without causing play in each multi-task machine. Also, when the number of multi-tasking machines to be arranged increases, or when the production quantity per unit time of each process greatly differs, each multi-tasking machine shares processing with one or more previous multi-tasking machines. In addition, the shared processing determination step can be configured so as to share the processing of the composite processing machine after one or two or more. Furthermore, the shared machining determination step can be configured in consideration of the workpiece replacement time required for loading the workpiece W into each multi-tasking machine, attaching / detaching the workpiece W to / from the chuck, and unloading the workpiece W.

  With such an embodiment, it is possible to deliver the workpiece W, which has been processed by each multi-tasking machine, to the next process in order by arranging the multi-tasking machines optimally. It is possible to efficiently process the workpiece W without being generated.

(Third embodiment)
FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a case in which turning, quenching, and grinding are each performed by three combined processing machines. As described in the second embodiment, when the machining times of turning, quenching, and grinding are equal, each of the three processes can be shared and processed. That is, the first multi-function machine M1 is assigned to the turning process, the second multi-function machine M2 is assigned to the quenching process, and the third multi-function machine M3 is assigned to the grinding process.

(Fourth embodiment)
A case will be described in which turning, quenching, and grinding are each performed by two compound processing machines. FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating a first shared machining mode (a) and a second shared machining mode (b) when shared machining is performed by two multi-task machines. The first shared machining mode is a mode in which the first combined machine M1 is shared with turning and quenching, and the second combined machine M2 is divided in grinding, and the second shared machine mode is In this mode, the first multi-task machine M1 is assigned to the turning process, and the second multi-task machine M2 is assigned to the quenching process and the grinding process.

As in the second embodiment, the production quantity is n, and the production quantities per unit time in the machining processes of turning, quenching, and grinding are respectively V _L , V _Y , V _G. The time required for the n processing in each processing step is n / _{V G} in turning n / _{V L,} the hardening process n / _{V Y,} in grinding. Here, when the sum of the turning time n / _{V L} and hardening processing time n / _{V Y} is less than the sum of the hardening processing time n / _{V Y} and grinding time n / _{V G,} i.e., turning time n when / V _L is less than the grinding time n / V _G is the first composite machine M1 to share the turning and hardening processing, a processing by sharing the grinding to the second composite machine M2 A first shared machining mode to be performed is set. Further, when the sum of the turning time n / _{V L} and hardening processing time n / _{V Y} is greater than the sum of the hardening processing time n / _{V Y} and grinding time n / _{V G,} i.e., turning time n / when V _L is greater than the grinding time n / V _G is the first composite machine M1 to share the lathe, for machining by sharing quenching processing and grinding to the second composite machine M2 A second shared machining mode is set.

  According to such an embodiment, since the first or second shared processing mode is executed based on each processing time of grinding, quenching, and grinding, the first combined machine M1 and the second combined The workpiece can be machined in a state where the difference in machining time with the machining machine M2 is smaller.

(Fifth embodiment)
FIG. 16 shows a case where N complex processing machines (N is an integer of 2 or more) are arranged, and when the processing time for each multi-tasking machine is greater than a predetermined time, as shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows setting it as the method of the work sharing which arrange | positions a processing machine in parallel, and makes it the method of the work sharing which arrange | positions each multi-tasking machine in series as shown in (b) when it becomes smaller than predetermined time. When machining multiple workpieces using multiple complex machines, the machining time required to machine the workpiece is the machining time in each process shared by each complex machine and the machining tool in each complex machine. This is the total time required for exchanging the workpiece and the time required for transferring the workpiece between the multi-task machines. However, the time required to transfer the workpiece between the multi-tasking machines is smaller than the time required to change the processing tool in the multi-tasking machine. Therefore, the time required to process the workpiece is processed by each multi-tasking machine. It is mainly determined by the processing time in each process and the time required to change the processing tool in each combined processing machine.

The production quantity is n, and the production quantities per unit time in each of the turning, quenching, and grinding processes are V _L , V _Y , and V _G , respectively. The time required for the n processing in each processing step is n / _{V G} in turning n / _{V L,} the hardening process n / _{V Y,} in grinding. The machining tool replacement time required when the first multi-tasking machine M1 performs shared machining is defined as t _k1 , the machining tool replacement time of the second multi-tasking machine M2 is defined as t _k2, and similarly defined in order. Let t _{ki be} the replacement time of the processing tool of the i-th multi-tasking machine Mi, and let t _{kN be} the replacement time of the processing tool of the N-th multi-tasking machine MN. Also, let t _k be the processing tool replacement time when all the processes are processed with one multi-task machine.

When N multi-tasking machines are arranged in parallel and each multi-tasking machine processes (n / N) all processes, the processing time required for each multi-tasking machine is as follows, and this is expressed as T _0. far.
n / (NV _L ) + n / (NV _Y ) + n / (NVG _G ) + t _k = T ₀
Since the N multi-tasking machines arranged in parallel process each one at the same time, the time for processing the n workpieces W is the value shown above.

Next, consider a case where N composite processing machines are arranged in series, and each of the composite processing machines sequentially processes the workpieces W while processing n workpieces W. Here, the first composite machine M1 is the number of workpieces W to be turning as N _L1, the number of workpieces W to be hardened processed with N _Y1, the number of workpieces W to grinding and N _G1. Similarly, for the i-th multi-tasking machine Mi, the numbers of workpieces W to be turned, quenched, and ground are N _Li , N _Yi , and N _Gi , respectively. In this case, the processing time of the first composite machine M1 is as follows, placing it between T _1.
N _L1 / V _L + N _Y1 / V _Y + _{NG 1} / V _G + t _k1 = T ₁
Similarly, the processing time of the multitasking machine Mi of the i-th multitasking machine Mi becomes as follows, placing the T _i.
N _Li / V _L + N _Yi / V _Y + N _Gi / V _G + t _ki = T _i

Here, FIG. 17 shows the machining time T ₀ when N complex machines are arranged in parallel and the machining times T ₁ ,..., T _i ,. The relationship of _N is represented by a diagram. When N multi-tasking machines are arranged in series and each multi-tasking machine sequentially processes the workpieces W while processing n workpieces W, the total processing time is within each multi-tasking machine. Therefore, the machining time for machining n workpieces W can be expressed as follows.
Max {T ₁ , ..., T _i , ..., T _N }
That is, processing time to process the n number of the workpiece W _is, T 1, becomes · _·, T i, · ·, the largest value in _{T N.}

From the above, when Max {T ₁ ,..., T _i ,..., T _N }> T ₀ , that is, the processing time for processing with N combined processing machines arranged in series is N combined. When the processing time is longer than the processing time for arranging the processing machines in parallel, N complex processing machines are arranged in parallel for processing. Conversely, when Max {T ₁ ,..., T _i ,..., T _N } <T ₀ , that is, the processing time for processing by arranging N complex machines in series is N complex. When the machining time is shorter than the machining time for arranging the processing machines in parallel, N complex processing machines are arranged in series for processing.

  According to such an embodiment, each machining time in each of the multi-tasking machines is calculated in series and parallel, and the optimum layout is determined and determined, and based on this, machining is performed by the optimum multi-tasking machine layout. As a result, it is possible to consolidate the machining processes and shorten the machining time.

(Sixth embodiment)
In the fifth embodiment, calculation steps and machining steps when the maximum value of the second machining time is smaller than the first machining time and N = 3 will be described. In other words, when the processing time for processing with three multi-tasking machines arranged in series is smaller than the processing time for processing with three multi-tasking machines arranged in parallel, turning and quenching with three multi-tasking machines, And the case where a grinding process is shared is demonstrated. This is the case when Max {T ₁ , T ₂ , T ₃ } <T ₀ in the fifth embodiment.

In a manner similar to that described in the second embodiment, in the case of arranging the three multifunction machines of the same model, for the case of _{n / V L <n / V} Y <n / V G will be described. At this time, the first multi-tasking machine M1 arranged in the first processing step performs all the turning processing and part of the quenching processing in the next step. In addition, the second multi-tasking machine M2 arranged in the second processing step performs part of the quenching process and a part of the next grinding process. Further, the third multi-task machine M3 arranged in the third processing step performs part of the grinding process.

Here, let n ₁ be the quantity of quenching processed by the first multi-task machine M1. That is, the first multi-task machine M1 turns n workpieces W and quenches n ₁ workpieces W. Further, the machining quantity of grinding the second composite machine M2 is shared processing to n _2. Therefore, the second multi-task machine M2 quenches (n−n ₁ ) workpieces W and grinds n ₂ workpieces W. Further, the third multi-task machine M3 grinds (n−n ₂ ) workpieces W.

Therefore, the processing time of the first multi-task machine M1 is n / V _L + n ₁ / V _Y + _tk1 , and the second multi-task machine M2 is (n−n ₁ ) / V _Y + n ₂ / The processing time of V _G + t _k2 and the third combined processing machine M3 is (n−n ₂ ) / V _G + t _k3 .
In order for these processing times to be equal, the following two expressions must be satisfied.
n / V _L + n ₁ / V _Y + t _k1 = (n−n ₁ ) / V _Y + n ₂ / V _G + t _k2
n / V _L + n ₁ / V _Y + t _k1 = (n−n ₂ ) / V _G + t _k3
Than this,
n ₁ = V _Y (n / V _G + n / V _Y −2n / V _L + t _k2 −2t _k1 −2t _k3 ) / 3
_{n 2 = V G (2n /} V G -n / V Y -n / V L + 2t k3 -t k1 -t k2) / 3
It becomes.

Thus, the first composite machine M1 is determined to share processing quenching process of the second composite machine M2 for the calculated n ₁ piece of the work W, also, the second composite machine M2 is Thus, it is determined that the grinding of the third multi-tasking machine M3 is shared with respect to the calculated n ₂ workpieces W. Based on this result, the first multi-tasking machine M1 performs turning of the n workpieces W and the quenching of the n _one work W, and the second multi-tasking machine M2 (n−n _1). ) Quenching of workpieces W and grinding of n ₂ workpieces W, and (n−n ₂ ) workpieces W are ground in the third combined machine M3.

  According to such an embodiment, turning, quenching, and grinding can be shared by each composite processing machine, so that the processing time can be shortened.

(Seventh embodiment)
In the above sixth embodiment, when the maximum value of the second processing time is smaller than the first processing time, that is, the processing time for processing with three multi-tasking machines arranged in series is better. A case where the turning, quenching, and grinding processes are shared by three composite processing machines when the processing time for processing the three composite processing machines in parallel will be described. In the sixth embodiment, when the machining times of turning, quenching, and grinding are the same, it is possible to perform the process by sharing each process with three multi-task machines. In this case, it is not necessary to replace the processing tool, and it is not necessary to consider the processing tool replacement time. That is, the first multi-tasking machine can share the turning process, the second multi-tasking machine can share the hardening process, and the third multi-tasking machine can share the grinding process.

  According to such an embodiment, each multi-tasking machine can perform processing by sharing turning, quenching, and grinding, so that the processing time can be shortened.

(Eighth embodiment)
In the above sixth embodiment, when the processing time for processing two composite processing machines in series is smaller than the processing time for processing two composite processing machines in parallel, combined processing The case where the turning, quenching, and grinding processes are shared by two machines will be described.

As in the fifth embodiment, the production quantity is n, and the production quantities per unit time in the machining processes of turning, quenching, and grinding are V _L , V _Y , V, respectively. _G. Further, the processing tool replacement time required when the first multi-tasking machine M1 performs shared processing is t _k1, and the processing tool replacement time required when the second multi-tasking machine M2 performs shared processing is t _k2 . . The time required for the n processing in each processing step is n / _{V G} in turning n / _{V L,} the hardening process n / _{V Y,} in grinding. Therefore, the sum of the turning time n / _{V L} and hardening processing time n / _{V Y} and exchange of working tools time _{t k1} is hardened machining time n / _{V Y} and grinding time n / _{V G} and exchange time of the processing tool When it is smaller than the sum of t _k2 , the first shared machining mode in which the first multi-tasking machine M1 shares the turning and quenching processes and the second multi-tasking machine M2 performs the grinding process. Set. Further, the sum of the turning time n / _{V L} and hardening processing time n / _{V Y} and exchange of working tools time _{t k1} is hardened machining time n / _{V Y} and grinding time n / _{V G} and exchange time of the processing tool When it is larger than the sum of t _k2 , the second shared machining mode in which the first multi-task machine M1 shares the turning process and the second multi-machine machine M2 shares the quenching process and the grinding process. Set.

  Thus, by executing the first or second shared processing mode based on the processing times of grinding, quenching, and grinding, the first combined machine M1 and the second combined machine M2 It is possible to machine the workpiece W in a state where the difference in machining time is smaller, and the production efficiency is improved.

(Ninth embodiment)
The production quantity is n, and the production quantities per unit time in each of the turning, quenching, and grinding processes are V _L , V _Y , and V _G , respectively. The time required for the n processing in each processing step is n / _{V G} in turning n / _{V L,} the hardening process n / _{V Y,} in grinding. The machining tool replacement time required when the first multi-tasking machine M1 performs shared machining is defined as t _k1 , the machining tool replacement time of the second multi-tasking machine M2 is defined as t _k2, and similarly defined in order. Let t _{ki be} the replacement time of the processing tool of the i-th multi-tasking machine Mi, and let t _{kN be} the replacement time of the processing tool of the N-th multi-tasking machine MN. Also, loading of the workpiece W to the first composite machine M1, attached to and detached from the chuck, the workpiece exchange time required for unloading the workpiece W as t _w1, the work replacement time of the second composite machine M2 and t _w2 The workpiece changing time of the i-th multi- _tasking machine Mi is defined as t _wi and the work changing time of the N-th multi- _tasking machine MN is _defined as t _wN . Also, let t _k be the processing tool replacement time when all the processes are processed with one multi-task machine.

When N multi-tasking machines are arranged in parallel and each multi-tasking machine processes (n / N) all processes, the processing time required for each multi-tasking machine is as follows, and this is expressed as T _0. far.
n / (NV _L ) + n / (NV _Y ) + n / (NVG _G ) + t _k = T ₀
Since the N multi-tasking machines arranged in parallel process each one at the same time, the time for processing n workpieces W is the value shown above.

On the other hand, let us consider a case where N multi-tasking machines are arranged in series, and each multi-tasking machine processes n workpieces W while sequentially transferring the workpieces W. Here, the first composite machine M1 is the number of workpieces W to be turning as n _L1, the number of workpieces W to be hardened processed with n _Y1, the number of workpieces W to grinding and n _G1. Similarly, for the i-th multi-tasking machine Mi, the numbers of workpieces W to be turned, quenched, and ground are n _Li , n _Yi , and n _Gi , respectively. In this case, the processing time of the first composite machine M1 is as follows, placing it between T _1.
n _L1 / V _L + n _{Y 1} / V _Y + n _{G 1} / V _G + t _k1 + t _w1 = T ₁
Similarly, the processing time of the multitasking machine Mi of the i-th multitasking machine Mi becomes as follows, placing the T _{i.
n Li / V L + n Yi} / V Y + n Gi / V G + t ki + t wi = T i
When N multi-tasking machines are arranged in series and each multi-tasking machine sequentially processes the workpieces W while processing n workpieces W, the total processing time is within each multi-tasking machine. Therefore, the machining time for machining n pieces of workpieces W can be expressed as follows, because the rate is limited by a multi-tasking machine that requires the most time for machining and delivery of workpieces W.
Max {T ₁ , ..., T _i , ..., T _N }
That is, processing time to process the n number of the workpiece W _is, T 1, becomes · _·, T i, · ·, the largest value in _{T N.}

  The first machining mode is a mode in which each of the N multi-tasking machines performs a plurality of types of machining on the (n / N) workpieces W simultaneously in a predetermined order, and the second machining mode. N pieces of workpieces are transferred between N multi-task machines, and n multi-task machines are selected from among a plurality of types of machining performed by n multi-task machines on n workpieces W. A mode in which a plurality of types of machining is performed on the workpiece W in a predetermined order is set as a machining mode setting step for setting these modes.

In the calculation step for calculating the machining time in the first and second machining modes, the machining time T ₀ in the first machining mode is calculated, and the machining time in the second machining mode, that is, Max {T ₁ , .., T _i ,..., T _N } are calculated. Then, T ₀ and Max {T ₁ ,..., T _i ,..., T _N } are compared, and a machining mode with a short machining time is selected, and the workpiece W is machined. That is, when the machining time T ₀ in the first machining mode is shorter, N complex machines are arranged in parallel by the arrangement step, and each of the N complex machines has a plurality of types. (N / N) workpieces W are all processed. On the other hand, if the machining time Max {T ₁ ,..., T _i ,..., T _N } in the second machining mode is shorter, N complex machines are transferred to the workpiece W by the placement step. In consideration of the shared processing performed by the N multi-tasking machines on the n workpieces W, the n workpieces W are processed in a predetermined order by performing a plurality of types of processing in a predetermined order.

  As described above, in consideration of a plurality of types of machining times, machining tool exchange times, and workpiece exchange times, machining can be performed in a machining mode with a short machining time from the first and second machining modes. , Improve production efficiency.

(Effect of the embodiment of the present invention)
The embodiment of the present invention has the following effects.
(1) The number of combined processing machines is increased or decreased according to the production quantity, and the optimum machining method according to the number of arranged machines can be realized by the method according to the embodiment of the present invention. It is possible to realize an efficient machining method that is process consistent from work start to finish.
(2) In the method of processing a workpiece in parallel by juxtaposing a plurality of multi-task machines, it is necessary to provide all multi-task machines with processing tools necessary for production. According to the processing method, it is only necessary to provide the processing tools necessary for each multi-tasking machine to perform shared processing, so that there are significant effects in terms of processing tool costs, maintenance and the like.
(3) When the factory space is limited and an optimum production system is constructed, the machining method according to the embodiment of the present invention is applied to arrange a number of multi-task machines suitable for the factory space. Since the processing method suitable for this arrangement can be carried out, the most efficient production system can be realized.

It is a top view of the compound processing machine which comprises embodiment of this invention. It is the front view which looked at the rear side from the headstock of the compound processing machine shown in FIG. 1 from the front. In the automatic tool change unit 400, it is a figure which shows the positional relationship of each unit in the state of the attachment or detachment operation | movement of the 1st processing tool 501a and the 2nd processing tool 501b. It is a figure which shows collection | recovery operation | movement to the tool turret 403 of the 1st processing tool 501a. It is a figure which shows the mounting process to the wheel rotation spindle unit 200 of the 2nd processing tool 501b. It is a figure which shows the state which mounts the electrodeposition wheel for turning to the wheel rotation spindle unit 200 as the turning tool 502 used for turning, and is turning the workpiece W. It is a figure which shows the state which mounts | wears with the heat processing tool 504, such as a laser hardening head, to the wheel rotation spindle unit 200, and heat-processes the workpiece | work W. It is a figure which shows the state which is equipped with the cutting tool 503 used for drilling, a groove process, etc. to the wheel rotation main shaft unit 200, and is drilling, a groove process, etc. of the workpiece | work W. It is a figure which shows the state which attaches a grinding wheel (for example, CBN wheel) as the grinding tool 505 to the wheel rotation spindle unit 200 and grinds the workpiece W. It is a figure which shows an example of the conventional process line structure of the constant velocity joint which is one of the typical components of a motor vehicle. This shows the case of processing with one, two and three multi-task machines. It is a figure which shows the flow of each step of the processing method which concerns on embodiment of this invention. The flow of the process in the processing line which concerns on embodiment of this invention is shown, (a) is a figure which shows the flow of the process by a process classification, (b) is the workpiece | work W which a multi-tasking machine performs a shared processing. It is a figure which shows the flow of the process by the processing quantity and processing classification. It is a figure which shows the case where each multi-tasking machine performs a shared process of turning, hardening, and grinding. It is a figure which shows the 1st shared processing mode (a) and 2nd shared processing mode (b) in the case of performing shared processing with two compound processing machines. When three multi-task machines are arranged and the machining time for each multi-task machine is greater than a predetermined time, the multi-task machines shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows that it is set as the method of the work sharing which arrange | positions each multi-tasking machine shown by (b) when it becomes shorter than this time. The machining time T ₀ when the N number of multi-axis machines arranged in parallel, the processing time T ₁ of the each composite machine when the series _arrangement, · ·, T i, _{· ·,} diagrammatically _the relationship between T N It is a representation.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Combined processing machine 10 Bed 100 Work support drive unit 101 Spindle base 102 Spindle base slide guide 103 Spindle base 104 Spindle drive motor 105 Spindle 200 Wheel rotation spindle unit 201 Wheel rotation spindle 202 Traction drive unit 203 Clamp part 300 Multi-degree-of-freedom link mechanism 301 Link Head 302 Linear Guide Base 303 Link 304 Linear Guide 305 Link Drive Servo Motor 306 Wheel Rotating Spindle Drive Motor 307 Slider 308 Ball Screw 400 Automatic Tool Change Unit 402 Tool Pod 403 Tool Turret 404 Servo Motor 405 Ball Bush 406 Joint 407 Groove 501a First processing tool 501b Second processing tool 502 Turning tool 503 Cutting tool 504 Heat treatment Tool 505 grinding tool 506 surface finishing tool 510 taper portion

Claims (2)

A plurality of types of machining are selected by selecting one machining tool in a predetermined order from a shape machining tool for forming a workpiece shape, a heat treatment tool for performing heat treatment on the workpiece, and a finishing tool for finishing the workpiece. Machining of the workpiece according to the production quantity of the workpiece, the operation period of the complex machining machine, and the machining time per unit quantity of the workpiece. A placement step of placing multiple units on the line;
From a plurality of processing steps for performing a series of processing before Symbol workpiece, the machining process of the machining plurality of the composite processing machine disposed in a line is shared respectively, the accumulated time of the processing time of each process step A shared machining decision step that decides not to exceed the tact time;
There is a shared machining step in which the processing of the machining process is shared and executed by the plurality of multi-tasking machines by transferring the workpiece in series between the plurality of multi-tasking machines based on the machining order of the machining processes. A workpiece machining method characterized by that. In the arranging step, a plurality of first and third compound machines are arranged on the processing line as the plurality of compound machines,
In the shared machining step, the first multi-tasking machine shares the turning process, the second multi-task machine shares the quenching process, and the third multi-task machine shares the grinding process. The workpiece machining method according to claim 1.