JP4452146B2 - Battery monitoring device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a storage battery monitoring device that monitors a backup storage battery.

  A storage battery such as a lead storage battery is used as a backup power source for communication equipment and the like. By design, this storage battery has a so-called useful life. However, the service life is not constant and changes under the influence of the use environment temperature. It also varies depending on the discharge current and discharge frequency during backup.

  The determination of the replacement time of the storage battery is left to human judgment. For example, when a certain period of time has elapsed after installation, it is common for the user to determine the necessity of replacement based on his / her own judgment. For this reason, the replacement time may be lost, or the replacement may be performed in a situation where it can still be used sufficiently.

  The present invention has been made in consideration of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a storage battery monitoring device capable of appropriately and automatically knowing the life and replacement time of a storage battery.

In the storage battery monitoring device of the invention according to claim 1, the internal resistance measurement means for measuring the internal resistance of the storage battery, the temperature detection means for detecting the temperature of the storage battery, and the measurement results of the internal resistance measurement means are predetermined. Per unit period of the storage battery life at the detected temperature of the temperature detection means based on the determination means for determining that the storage battery has expired when out of range, and a predetermined storage battery life-temperature characteristic The remaining life of the storage battery is obtained by sequentially subtracting the product of the calculated wear level and the detection timing interval of the temperature detection means from the predicted life time at a preset reference temperature. Calculating means for obtaining a period.

The storage battery monitoring device of the invention according to claim 2 is a voltage measuring means for measuring the voltage of the storage battery, an internal resistance measuring means for measuring the internal resistance of the storage battery, a temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of the storage battery, and the above When the measurement result of the voltage measurement means is out of the predetermined range, the first determination means for determining that the storage battery is abnormal and the measurement result of the internal resistance measurement means are out of the predetermined range. A second determination means for determining that the storage battery is out of life, and a consumption per unit period of the storage battery life at the temperature detected by the temperature detection means based on a predetermined life-temperature characteristic of the storage battery. By successively subtracting the product of the calculated wear level and the detection timing interval of the temperature detection means from the predicted lifetime at a preset reference temperature, It comprises a calculating means for determining the remaining life of the battery life, the.

The storage battery monitoring device of the invention according to claim 3 is a voltage measuring means for measuring the voltage of the storage battery, an internal resistance measuring means for measuring the internal resistance of the storage battery, a temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of the storage battery, and the above When the measurement result of the voltage measurement means is out of the predetermined range, the first determination means for determining that the storage battery is abnormal and the measurement result of the internal resistance measurement means are out of the predetermined range. when in the second judging means judges that the battery is life out, the determination result of the first determining means without abnormal, and when the determination result of the second judging means is not life out, predetermined On the basis of the life-temperature characteristics of the storage battery, the degree of consumption per unit period of the storage battery life at the temperature detected by the temperature detecting means is obtained, and the obtained degree of consumption and the detection timing of the temperature detecting means are determined. By going sequentially subtracted from the prediction lifetime of a preset reference temperature multiplication value with the grayed interval comprises a calculating means for calculating a remaining period of the life of the storage battery, the.

The storage battery monitoring device of the invention according to claim 4 is provided with an assembled battery configured by connecting a plurality of storage batteries in series, and a switching means for sequentially switching and selecting energization paths connected to both ends of each of the storage batteries, Voltage measuring means for sequentially measuring the voltage of each storage battery through the energization path selected by the switching means, and internal resistance for sequentially measuring the internal resistance of each storage battery through the energization path selected by the switching means A first determination for determining that the storage battery to be measured is abnormal when the measurement results of the measurement means, the temperature detection means for detecting the temperature of each storage battery, and the measurement result of the voltage measurement means are out of a predetermined range. means and, when the measurement result of the internal resistance measuring means is out of a predetermined range, battery to be measured and the second determination means determines that the life out of the first determination means Constant result is no abnormality, and when the determination result of the second judging means is not life out, the life of the storage battery is determined in advance - based on the temperature characteristics, the unit period of the storage battery lifetime in the detection temperature of the temperature detecting means The life of the storage battery is calculated by sequentially subtracting the product of the calculated wear and the detection timing interval of the temperature detection means from the expected life of the reference temperature set in advance. Calculating means for obtaining a remaining period .

  The storage battery monitoring device of the invention according to claim 5 limits the internal resistance measuring means of the invention according to claims 1 to 4. The internal resistance measuring means discharges the storage battery at a constant current Is for a fixed time Ts, detects the voltage drop of the storage battery at the time of discharge, and divides the voltage drop by the constant current Is, thereby Measure resistance.

The storage battery monitoring device of the invention according to claim 6 limits the constant current Is of the invention of claim 5 and the time Ts. The constant current Is is 0.01 CA or more based on the rated capacity C of the storage battery. The fixed time Ts is 1 msec or more.

  According to the storage battery monitoring device of the present invention, it is possible to appropriately and automatically determine the end of life and remaining life of the storage battery.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, an assembled battery 3 is connected to an energization line between a power source 1 and a load 2. The assembled battery 3 is constituted by a series connection of a plurality of lead storage batteries, so-called single cells 4a, 4b,. When the power source 1 is normal, the load 2 is operated by the output (DC power) of the power source 1, and the cells 4a, 4b,. When the output of the power source 1 is reduced due to a power failure or an abnormality of equipment, the assembled battery 3 is instantaneously discharged, and the operation of the load 2 is continued by the discharged power.

  In such a backup power supply system, a storage battery monitoring device 10 is connected to the assembled battery 3. The storage battery monitoring device 10 includes a control unit 20 as a control center, takes the output of the power supply 1 into the DC-DC converter 12 via the manual operation switch 11, and operates according to the output voltage Vd of the DC-DC converter 12. To do. A switching unit 21, a voltage measurement unit (voltage measurement unit) 22, an internal resistance measurement unit (internal resistance measurement unit) 23, and a temperature detection unit (temperature detection unit) 24 are connected to the control unit 20.

  The switching unit 21 is connected to both ends of each of the cells 4a, 4b,. The switching timing is instructed from the control unit 20. The voltage measurement unit 22 measures the voltage E of each of the cells 4a, 4b,. The measurement result is supplied to the control unit 20.

  The internal resistance measuring unit 23 discharges the single cells 4a, 4b,... 4n through the electrification path selected by the switching unit 21 at a constant current Is for a predetermined time Ts, and detects the voltage drop of the storage battery at the time of the discharge. Then, the internal resistance R of each of the cells 4a, 4b,... 4n is measured by dividing the voltage drop by the constant current Is. These measurement results are supplied to the control unit 20. The temperature detector 24 includes a temperature sensor 25 provided in the assembled battery 3, and detects the temperature t of the single cells 4a, 4b,..., 4n at predetermined times Tx based on the output of the temperature sensor 25. This detected temperature t is supplied to the control unit 20.

  On the other hand, a remote monitoring device 30 is installed in a management center or a user's building where maintenance personnel stand by, and these remote monitoring devices 30 are connected to the control unit 20 of the storage battery monitoring device 10 via a communication line or a communication network. . Further, a personal computer 40 carried by a maintenance worker or the like can be connected to the control unit 20 of the storage battery monitoring device 10.

The control unit 20 of the storage battery monitoring device 10 includes the following means (1) to (4) as main functions.
(1) First determination means for individually determining abnormality of the cells 4a, 4b,..., 4n according to the measurement result of the voltage measurement unit 22.

  (2) Second determination means for individually determining whether the cells 4a, 4b,..., 4n have expired, according to the measurement result of the internal resistance measurement unit 23.

  (3) When the determination result of the first determination means is normal and the determination result of the second determination means is not out of service life, the cells 4a, 4b,. A calculating means for calculating the remaining period of the lifetime of the.

  (4) Notification means for notifying the determination result of each determination means and the calculation result of the calculation means through the remote monitoring device 30 and the personal computer 40.

  Next, the operation of the storage battery monitoring device 10 will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. At regular monitoring timing (YES in step 101) or when a monitoring instruction is received from the remote monitoring device 30 or the personal computer 40 (YES in step 102), the cells 4a, 4b,. (Step 103). In accordance with this switching selection, the voltage E of each of the cells 4a, 4b,... 4n is measured (step 104), and the internal resistance R of each of the cells 4a, 4b,. (Step 105).

  The measurement of the internal resistance R by the short-time discharge method is performed as follows. That is, the cell is discharged at a constant current Is for a certain time Ts, and the voltage drop of the cell at the time of discharge is detected, and the voltage drop is divided by the constant current Is, so that the inside of the cell is Resistance R is measured.

  As shown in FIG. 3, when the internal resistance R of the storage battery having a rated capacity of 150 Ah is “1”, the internal resistance R of the storage battery having a rated capacity of 300 Ah is “0.7”. That is, as the rated capacity of the storage battery increases, the internal resistance R of the storage battery tends to decrease. For a storage battery having a large rated capacity and a small internal resistance R, accurate measurement cannot be performed unless the constant current Is, which is a discharge current, is set to be large to some extent. Further, since the voltage of the storage battery is not stable due to a transient phenomenon at the initial stage of discharge, it has been confirmed by experiments that accurate measurement cannot be performed unless a certain time Ts, which is a discharge time, is set to a certain extent. This experimental result is shown in FIG.

  FIG. 4 shows the internal resistance R measured when the discharge time is changed from 0.2 msec to 1.0 msec in comparison with a plurality of discharge currents as parameters. If the internal resistance R measured when the discharge current is 0.01 CA (C is the rated capacity of the storage battery) and the discharge time is 0.2 msec, the discharge current is 0.06 CA and the discharge time is 0. The internal resistance R measured in the case of 2 msec is around “0.6”. The internal resistance R measured when the discharge current is 0.1 CA and the discharge time is 0.2 msec is about “0.5”. The internal resistance R measured when the discharge current is 0.15 CA and the discharge time is 0.2 msec is about “0.4”. That is, when the discharge time is 0.2 msec, the measured value varies due to the difference in discharge current. On the other hand, the internal resistance R measured at a discharge time of 0.9 msec to 1.0 msec is almost uniformly “0.4” regardless of the difference in discharge current.

  An experimental result has been obtained that the measurement itself is impossible when the discharge current is less than 0.01 CA. Further, it has been confirmed by experiments that when the discharge time is longer than 1.0 msec, the same measured value as that obtained when the discharge time is 1.0 msec can be obtained.

  From these experimental results, when measuring the internal resistance R, a value of 0.01 CA or more based on the rated capacity C of the storage battery is selected as the constant current Is that is the discharge current, and the constant time Ts that is the discharge time. As above, a value of approximately 1 msec or more including around 0.9 msec is selected. However, if the discharge time becomes too long, it will lead to measurement delay, so the realistic value as the fixed time Ts is preferably about 1 msec.

  If the measured voltage E is in a range not less than the preset value E1 and less than the preset value E2 (YES in step 106), it is determined that there is no abnormality in the unit cell to be measured at that time. (Step 107). If the measured voltage E is outside the range of the set value E1 or more and less than the set value E2 (NO in step 106), it is determined that the unit cell to be measured at that time is abnormal (step 108). ).

  If the measured internal resistance R is within the range of the preset value R1 or more and less than the preset value R2 (YES in step 109), the unit cell that is the measurement target at that time has not expired. A determination is made (step 110). If the measured internal resistance R is out of the range of the set value R1 or more and less than the set value R2 (NO in Step 109), it is determined that the unit cell as the measurement target at that time has expired ( Step 111).

  The set values E1, E2 and the set values R1, R2 are stored in the internal memory of the control unit 20, and according to the rating and type of the single cells 4a, 4b,... 4n, and the remote monitoring unit 30 or personal computer According to the input from 40, it can be changed appropriately.

  When the switching selection for all the unit cells 4a, 4b,..., 4n is completed (YES in step 112), a determination result is obtained that any unit cell is abnormal (YES in step 113), or for any unit cell If the determination result that the lifetime has expired is obtained (YES in step 114), the determination result is notified by the display of the remote monitoring device 30 and the personal computer 40 (step 115). Maintenance personnel and users can detect the occurrence of an abnormality or the end of the service life, and replace the target cell with a new one.

  When switching selection for all the unit cells 4a, 4b,..., 4n is completed (YES in step 112), if a determination result indicating no abnormality is obtained for any unit cell (NO in step 113), and If the determination result that any one of the single cells has not expired is obtained (NO in step 114), the temperature t of the single cells 4a, 4b,..., 4n is detected by the temperature detection unit 24 (step 116). . Based on the detected temperature t, the remaining lifetime of the unit cells 4a, 4b,..., 4n is calculated (step 117).

As shown in FIG. 5, the storage battery has a so-called 10 ° C. semi-principle (also referred to as Arrhenius law) that the lifetime is halved every time the temperature increases by 10 ° C. Based on this life-temperature characteristic, the degree of consumption per unit period (also referred to as an acceleration factor) of the battery life at the detection temperature t detected by the temperature detector 24 is obtained as shown in the following equation. The remaining value of the remaining life of the storage battery is obtained by sequentially subtracting the multiplication value of the detection timing interval of the detection unit 24 from the predicted life period at a preset reference temperature (for example, 25 ° C.) (step S40). 117).
Degree of wear = 2 ^{(t-25 ° C) / 10 ° C}
In this formula, “2” is a value corresponding to “half” of the 10 ° C. half principle. 25 ° C is the reference temperature. 10 ° C. is the “10 ° C.” of the 10 ° C. semi-principle.

First remaining period = predicted life period− (degree of wear × detection timing period)
Remaining period to be obtained after that = Remaining period to be obtained last time− (Degree of consumption × detection timing period)
The predicted lifetime is input from the remote monitoring unit 30 or the personal computer 40. For example, if the input predicted lifetime is 10 years and the detection timing interval of the temperature t of the single cells 4a, 4b,... 4n is 1 hour, it is obtained immediately after the single cells 4a, 4b,. The remaining period is as follows when calculated in units of years.
Remaining period = 10 years— {Depletion level × 1 hour / (24 hours × 365 days)}
The remaining period required thereafter is as follows.
Remaining period = remaining period obtained last time− {depletion level × 1 hour / (24 hours × 365 days)}
The obtained remaining period is notified by display of the remote monitoring device 30 and the personal computer 40 (step 115). Accordingly, the maintenance staff and the user can grasp the replacement time of the cells 4a, 4b,... 4n appropriately and easily while staying at a remote place.

  As described above, it is possible to automatically determine the end of life and the remaining life of the cells 4a, 4b,. Thereby, it becomes possible to know appropriately and automatically the lifetime and replacement time of the cells 4a, 4b,.

  In the above embodiment, the external remote monitoring device 30 and the personal computer 40 are used as the notification means. However, a display device may be provided in the apparatus main body, and the display device may be used as the notification device.

  In addition, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments as they are, and can be embodied by modifying the constituent elements without departing from the scope of the invention in the implementation stage. In addition, various inventions can be formed by appropriately combining a plurality of components disclosed in the embodiment. For example, some components may be deleted from all the components shown in the embodiment. Furthermore, you may combine the component covering different embodiment suitably.

The block diagram which shows the structure of one Embodiment. The flowchart for demonstrating the effect | action of the embodiment. The figure which shows the relationship between the rated capacity and internal resistance of the storage battery in connection with the embodiment. The figure which shows the relationship between the discharge time of the storage battery in connection with the embodiment, and measurement internal resistance as a parameter for discharge current. The figure which shows the lifetime-temperature characteristic of the storage battery in connection with the embodiment.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Power supply, 2 ... Load, 3 ... Assembly battery, 4a, 4b, ... 4n ... Single cell, 10 ... Storage battery monitoring device, 20 ... Control part, 21 ... Switching part, 22 ... Voltage measurement part, 23 ... Internal resistance Measurement unit, 24 ... temperature detection unit, 30 ... remote monitoring device, 40 ... personal computer

Claims (6)

An internal resistance measuring means for measuring the internal resistance of the storage battery;
Temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of the storage battery;
When the measurement result of the internal resistance measurement unit is out of a predetermined range, a determination unit that determines that the storage battery has expired ,
Based on a predetermined life-temperature characteristic of the storage battery, the degree of consumption per unit period of the storage battery life at the temperature detected by the temperature detection means is obtained, and the calculated degree of consumption and the detection timing interval of the temperature detection means Calculating means for obtaining the remaining life of the storage battery by sequentially subtracting the multiplication value from the predicted life time at a preset reference temperature;
A storage battery monitoring device comprising: Voltage measuring means for measuring the voltage of the storage battery;
Internal resistance measuring means for measuring the internal resistance of the storage battery;
Temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of the storage battery;
First determination means for determining that the storage battery is abnormal when a measurement result of the voltage measurement means is out of a predetermined range ;
Second determination means for determining that the storage battery has expired when the measurement result of the internal resistance measurement means is out of a predetermined range ;
Based on a predetermined life-temperature characteristic of the storage battery, the degree of consumption per unit period of the storage battery life at the temperature detected by the temperature detection means is obtained, and the calculated degree of consumption and the detection timing interval of the temperature detection means Calculating means for obtaining the remaining life of the storage battery by sequentially subtracting the multiplication value from the predicted life time at a preset reference temperature;
A storage battery monitoring device comprising: Voltage measuring means for measuring the voltage of the storage battery;
Internal resistance measuring means for measuring the internal resistance of the storage battery;
Temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of the storage battery;
First determination means for determining that the storage battery is abnormal when a measurement result of the voltage measurement means is out of a predetermined range ;
Second determination means for determining that the storage battery has expired when the measurement result of the internal resistance measurement means is out of a predetermined range ;
When the determination result of the first determination unit is normal and the determination result of the second determination unit is not out of service life, the temperature detected by the temperature detection unit is determined based on a predetermined life-temperature characteristic of the storage battery. The degree of wear per unit period of the battery life in the battery is obtained, and the product of the obtained degree of wear and the detection timing interval of the temperature detection means is successively subtracted from the expected life period at a preset reference temperature. By means of calculating the remaining life of the storage battery ,
A storage battery monitoring device comprising: In what has an assembled battery configured by connecting a plurality of storage batteries in series,
Switching means for sequentially switching and selecting energization paths connected to both ends of each storage battery;
Voltage measuring means for sequentially measuring the voltage of each storage battery through the energization path selected by the switching means;
An internal resistance measuring means for sequentially measuring the internal resistance of each of the storage batteries through the energization path selected by the switching means;
Temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of each of the storage batteries;
First determination means for determining that the storage battery to be measured is abnormal when the measurement result of the voltage measurement means is out of a predetermined range ;
When the measurement result of the internal resistance measurement means is out of a predetermined range, a second determination means for determining that the storage battery to be measured has expired ;
When the determination result of the first determination unit is normal and the determination result of the second determination unit is not out of service life, the temperature detected by the temperature detection unit is determined based on a predetermined life-temperature characteristic of the storage battery. The degree of wear per unit period of the battery life in the battery is obtained, and the product of the obtained degree of wear and the detection timing interval of the temperature detection means is successively subtracted from the expected life period at a preset reference temperature. By means of calculating the remaining life of the storage battery ,
A storage battery monitoring device comprising:   The internal resistance measuring means discharges the storage battery at a constant current Is for a predetermined time Ts, detects the voltage drop of the storage battery at the time of discharge, and divides the voltage drop by the constant current Is, thereby 5. The storage battery monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein an internal resistance is measured. The constant current Is is 0.01 CA or more based on the rated capacity C of the storage battery.
The fixed time Ts is 1 msec or more,
The storage battery monitoring apparatus according to claim 5.

Images