JP4450520B2 - Flue gas treating agent and treatment method - Google Patents

Flue gas treating agent and treatment method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4450520B2
JP4450520B2 JP2001036117A JP2001036117A JP4450520B2 JP 4450520 B2 JP4450520 B2 JP 4450520B2 JP 2001036117 A JP2001036117 A JP 2001036117A JP 2001036117 A JP2001036117 A JP 2001036117A JP 4450520 B2 JP4450520 B2 JP 4450520B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
flue gas
treatment agent
bag filter
activated carbon
flue
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JP2001036117A
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JP2002273167A (en
Inventor
康広 内山
良相 三井
隆 宮腰
英司 山下
毅 津々見
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Taiheiyo Cement Corp
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Taiheiyo Cement Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、焼却炉等の排煙中に含まれる塩化水素、硫黄酸化物等の酸性ガスとダイオキシンを除去するための排煙処理剤及び使用済み排煙処理剤をセメント原料として再資源化する排煙処理方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
ごみ焼却炉やボイラー等の焼却設備から排出される排煙は、塩化水素、硫黄酸化物等の酸性ガスやダイオキシン等の有害物質を含み、環境汚染の主因の一つになっている。かかる環境汚染物質を除去するための材料として、種々の物質が使用されている。例えば、酸性ガス吸収剤として消石灰が、ダイオキシン除去剤として活性炭が使用されている。また、ごみ焼却炉内に設置されたバグフィルターでの排煙の濾過性を向上するため、珪藻土が添加されることもある。
【0003】
これらの排煙処理剤は通常、排煙の煙道に乾式または湿式で吹き込まれ、煙道又はバグフィルター上で種々の有害物質と反応し、排煙から有害物質を吸着・除去する。有害物質を吸着した排煙処理剤は、バグフィルターや電気集塵機によって捕集され、使用済み排煙処理剤としてゴミ焼却プロセスから排出される。
このようにして発生した使用済み排煙処理剤は、セメント固化、薬剤処理、酸洗浄あるいは溶融などの方法で中間処分された後、最終処分場に埋め立てられるが、近年最終処分場の残余容量が逼迫しており、飛灰の減量や減容あるいは再資源化が望まれている。
【0004】
使用済み排煙処理剤をセメント原料として再資源化する方法は、再資源化によって得られた産物すなわちセメントの流通ルートが確立していることや、飛灰を処理することによって発生する2次的な廃棄物がほとんどないことなどの利点がある。
しかし、使用済み排煙処理剤は、排煙中の塩化水素ガスを吸収し、塩素分を含んでいることが多い。塩素分は、高温のセメントキルン内で揮散し、ガスとともに余熱器(プレヒーター)へ運ばれ、ここで凝縮して装置内部表面に固結し、プレヒーターの詰まりを起こすなどセメント製造上の支障となる成分である。このため、使用済み排煙処理剤をセメントの原料としてセメント焼成炉に投入する前に、水洗により塩素分を除去するなどの方法が採られていた。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、前述したように、近年の使用済み排煙処理剤の多くは、排煙中のダイオキシン類を吸着除去するために活性炭を含んでおり、この活性炭が、使用済み排煙処理剤を水洗し固形物を濾過しようとする際、水洗液に浮遊して沈降しなかったり濾布の目詰まりを起こしたりして、濾過の妨げになるとの問題があった。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
発明者らは、特定の比表面積の活性炭を使用すれば、排煙処理剤中の活性炭の含有量を少なくでき、それによって使用済み排煙処理剤をセメント資源化するために水洗する際の水洗液の濾過性を向上させうることを見出し、本発明を完成した。
【0007】
具体的には、本発明の排煙処理方法は、比表面積が1000m2/g以上の活性炭粉末を1〜15質量%含み、残部が酸化カルシウム、炭酸カルシウム、及び水酸化カルシウムから選ばれた1種以上を主成分とする排煙処理剤を使用後回収し、水洗して塩分を除去した後、セメント原料として再資源化する排煙処理方法である。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の排煙処理剤は、比表面積が1000m2/ g以上の活性炭粉末を1〜15質量%含むことを特徴とする。
比表面積が1000 m2/ g未満の活性炭は、ダイオキシン類の吸着能力が十分でない。そのため所定のダイオキシン吸着能を確保するためには、排煙処理剤中の含有量を多くする必要がある。しかし、使用後の該排煙処理剤は、水洗工程において濾過が困難となる。
活性炭の含有量は、排煙処理剤中に1〜15質量%が適当で、より好ましくは5〜10質量%である。15質量%を超えると使用済み排煙処理剤となって水洗される際に濾過しにくいものとなる。また、1質量%未満では、使用済み排煙処理剤となって水洗される際に濾過しやすくなるものの、ダイオキシン類の吸着能が低くなって排煙処理剤としての能力を損なうものとなる。
【0009】
活性炭粉末以外の残部は、酸化カルシウム、炭酸カルシウム、及び水酸化カルシウムから選ばれた1種以上を主成分とする。
酸化カルシウム、炭酸カルシウム、水酸化カルシウムは、排煙中の塩化水素、硫黄酸化物等の酸性ガスを吸収する効果を有するとともに、使用済み排煙処理剤を水洗する際に、水洗液中にカルシウムイオンを供給し、濾過性を高める効果をも併有する。
酸化カルシウム、炭酸カルシウム、及び水酸化カルシウムから選ばれた1種以上を主成分とするとは、酸化カルシウム、炭酸カルシウム、及び水酸化カルシウムから選ばれた1種以上を活性炭粉末以外の残部全体の55質量%以上含むことをいい、酸化カルシウム、炭酸カルシウム、及び水酸化カルシウム以外の成分は、特に限定されないが、セメント原料として再資源化する観点からはセメントの構成成分であるSiO2、Fe2O3、Al2O3等を含むものが好ましい。
従って、活性炭粉末を1〜15質量%含み、残部全体の55質量%以上が酸化カルシウム、炭酸カルシウム、及び水酸化カルシウムから選ばれた1種以上であることを満たす限りにおいては、焼却炉バグフィルターでの濾過助剤、例えば珪藻土を、併用しても差し支えない。
【0010】
本発明中の排煙処理剤は、ごみ焼却場において従来の排煙処理剤の吹き込み装置をそのまま用いて吹き込むことができる。該排煙処理剤の煙道への吹き込み量は、多いほど有害物質の吸着量が多く、排煙の浄化効果が高いが、吹き込み量が多すぎれば、有害物質を吸着する能力の割に余計な排煙処理剤を吹き込むことになって不経済となり、また使用済み排煙処理剤の排出量が増えて廃棄物処分場残余容量の温存に逆効果になる。
したがって、該排煙処理剤の吹き込み量は、ごみ焼却によって発生する有害物質の量や集塵器の形式にもよるが、おおむね排煙1m3あたり1〜5gが好ましい。
【0011】
排煙中の有害物質を吸着、無害化した使用済み排煙処理剤の捕集、回収は従来のバグフィルターや電気集塵機によって行えば良い。
回収した使用済み排煙処理剤を水中に分散し、排煙処理剤に吸着された塩分を溶出させた後、固体−液体分離を行う。固体−液体分離はフィルタープレスやベルトフィルター等を用いて、従来法により行えば良い。
得られた脱水ケーキをセメント原料の一部として使用する。なお、分離された濾液は酸−アルカリ沈殿法等の従来法により、溶存重金属等を除去するなどの廃水処理を施した後、排水すればよい。
【0012】
【実施例】
以下、実施例により本発明について説明する。
(実施例1)
比表面積が1050 m2/gの粉末活性炭と水酸化カルシウム(JIS R 9001 特号消石灰)と酸化カルシウム(JIS R 9001 特号生石灰)を表1の割合で混合し、排煙処理剤を得た。
この排煙処理剤をごみ焼却炉のバグフィルター直前より吹き込み、煤塵と該排煙処理剤をバグフィルターにて捕集し、使用済み排煙処理剤を得た。排煙処理剤の吹き込み量は、排煙1m3あたり2gとした。排煙中のダイオキシン類の測定結果を表1に示す。
得られた使用済み排煙処理剤1kgに対し水10 Lを加えて十分撹拌し、小型1室フィルタープレス(濾過面積0.01m2、ポリプロピレン製濾布、通気度1000ml/cm2・min)を用い、JIS B 9945「脱水ろ過装置の試験方法」5.15.1項の方法により濾過試験した。脱水速度の測定結果を表1に示す。
表1から明らかなように、バグフィルター出口における排煙中のダイオキシン類濃度が、バグフィルター入口に比べ大きく低減した上、水洗液の脱水速度も大きく、実用的な速さであった。
【0013】
(実施例2)
酸化カルシウムを混合せず、活性炭以外の成分を水酸化カルシウムとし、表1の割合で混合した以外は実施例1と同様にした。排煙中のダイオキシン類の測定結果、脱水速度の測定結果を表1に示す。
表1から明らかなように、実施例1と同様に、バグフィルター出口における排煙中のダイオキシン類濃度が、バグフィルター入口に比べ大きく低減した上、水洗液の脱水速度も大きく、実用的な速さであった。
【0014】
(実施例3)
活性炭以外の成分に、酸化カルシウムを主成分とする無機粉体の例として、セメントの中間原料で、セメント焼成工程の約1000℃の位置から抽出したものを用い、表1の割合で混合した以外は実施例1と同様にした。用いた酸化カルシウムを主成分とする無機粉体の成分を表2に示す。ダイオキシン類の測定結果、脱水速度の測定結果を表1に示す。
表1から明らかなように、実施例1と同様に、バグフィルター出口における排煙中のダイオキシン類濃度が、バグフィルター入口に比べ大きく低減した上、水洗液の脱水速度も大きく、実用的な速さであった。
【0015】
(比較例1)
粉末活性炭の添加割合を低くし、表1の割合で混合した以外は実施例2と同様にした。排煙中のダイオキシン類の測定結果、脱水速度の測定結果を表1に示す。
表1から明らかなように、バグフィルター出口における排煙中のダイオキシン類濃度が、バグフィルター入口に比べて十分に低減しなかった。
【0016】
(比較例2)
比表面積が800 m2/gの粉末活性炭を用いた以外は実施例2と同様にした。排煙中のダイオキシン類の測定結果、脱水速度の測定結果を表1に示す。
表1から明らかなように、バグフィルター出口における排煙中のダイオキシン類濃度が、バグフィルター入口に比べて十分に低減しなかった。
【0017】
(比較例3)
比表面積が800 m2/gの粉末活性炭を用い、粉末活性炭の添加割合を高くし、表1の割合で混合した以外は実施例2と同様にした。排煙中のダイオキシン類の測定結果、脱水速度の測定結果を表1に示す。
表1から明らかなように、バグフィルター入口に比べて、バグフィルター出口における排煙中のダイオキシン類濃度は十分に低減したが、活性炭量が多すぎるため水洗液の脱水速度が極端に低くなった。
【0018】
【表1】

Figure 0004450520
【0019】
【表2】
Figure 0004450520
【0020】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、有害物質の吸着・吸収能力を従来どおりに維持しつつ、使用済みとなった後にセメント資源化しようと水洗した場合、水洗液の濾過性を損なうことがなく、使用済み排煙処理剤のセメント資源化を通じて廃棄物の一層の減量に貢献することができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention recycles as a raw material for cement, a flue gas treatment agent for removing acidic gases such as hydrogen chloride and sulfur oxides and dioxins contained in the flue gas of an incinerator and the like, and a used flue gas treatment agent. The present invention relates to a smoke treatment method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Smoke emitted from incinerators such as waste incinerators and boilers contains acid substances such as hydrogen chloride and sulfur oxides, and harmful substances such as dioxins, and is one of the main causes of environmental pollution. Various materials are used as materials for removing such environmental pollutants. For example, slaked lime is used as the acid gas absorbent and activated carbon is used as the dioxin remover. Moreover, diatomaceous earth may be added in order to improve the filterability of the flue gas in the bag filter installed in the waste incinerator.
[0003]
These flue gas treatment agents are usually blown into a flue gas flue in a dry or wet manner, react with various harmful substances on the flue or bag filter, and adsorb and remove harmful substances from the flue gas. The smoke treatment agent that has adsorbed the harmful substances is collected by a bag filter or an electric dust collector, and is discharged from the garbage incineration process as a used smoke treatment agent.
The used exhaust gas treatment agent generated in this way is disposed of in the final disposal site after intermediate disposal by methods such as cement solidification, chemical treatment, acid washing or melting, but in recent years the remaining capacity of the final disposal site has increased. It is tight, and it is hoped that fly ash can be reduced, reduced in volume, or recycled.
[0004]
The method of recycling used smoke treatment agent as a raw material for cement is based on the secondary product generated by processing the fly ash, as well as the establishment of a distribution route for the product obtained by recycling, that is, cement. There are advantages such as almost no waste.
However, the used flue gas treating agent often absorbs hydrogen chloride gas in the flue gas and contains chlorine. Chlorine is volatilized in a high-temperature cement kiln and is transported together with gas to a preheater (preheater) where it condenses and solidifies on the internal surface of the equipment, causing problems in cement production. It is the ingredient which becomes. For this reason, a method has been adopted in which chlorine is removed by washing with water before putting the used smoke treatment agent as a raw material of cement into a cement firing furnace.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, as described above, most of the used exhaust gas treatment agents in recent years contain activated carbon to adsorb and remove dioxins in the exhaust gas, and this activated carbon rinses the used exhaust gas treatment agent with water. When trying to filter the solid matter, there was a problem that the filtration was hindered because it floated in the washing solution and did not settle, or the filter cloth was clogged.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The inventors can reduce the content of activated carbon in the flue gas treating agent by using activated carbon having a specific specific surface area, and thereby washing the used flue gas treating agent with water to make it a cement resource. The present inventors have found that the filterability of the liquid can be improved and completed the present invention.
[0007]
Specifically, the flue gas treatment method of the present invention includes 1 to 15% by mass of activated carbon powder having a specific surface area of 1000 m 2 / g or more, and the balance is selected from calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, and calcium hydroxide. This is a smoke treatment method in which a smoke treatment agent mainly composed of seeds or more is recovered after use, washed with water to remove salt, and then recycled as a cement raw material.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The smoke treatment agent of the present invention is characterized by containing 1 to 15% by mass of activated carbon powder having a specific surface area of 1000 m 2 / g or more.
Activated carbon having a specific surface area of less than 1000 m 2 / g does not have sufficient adsorption capacity for dioxins. Therefore, in order to ensure a predetermined dioxin adsorption capacity, it is necessary to increase the content in the flue gas treating agent. However, the smoke treatment agent after use becomes difficult to filter in the water washing step.
The content of the activated carbon is suitably 1 to 15% by mass, more preferably 5 to 10% by mass in the smoke treatment agent. If it exceeds 15% by mass, it becomes a used smoke treatment agent and is difficult to filter when washed with water. On the other hand, if it is less than 1% by mass, it becomes easy to filter when used as a flue gas treating agent, but the ability to adsorb dioxins is lowered and the ability as a flue gas treating agent is impaired.
[0009]
The balance other than the activated carbon powder is mainly composed of one or more selected from calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, and calcium hydroxide.
Calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, and calcium hydroxide have the effect of absorbing acidic gases such as hydrogen chloride and sulfur oxides in the flue gas, and when washing the used flue gas treatment agent, It also has the effect of supplying ions and improving filterability.
The main component is one or more selected from calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, and calcium hydroxide. 55 or more of the remainder other than activated carbon powder is selected from one or more selected from calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, and calcium hydroxide. Components other than calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, and calcium hydroxide are not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of recycling as a cement raw material, SiO 2 and Fe 2 O, which are constituent components of cement, are included. 3 , those containing Al 2 O 3 or the like are preferable.
Therefore, as long as it contains 1 to 15% by mass of activated carbon powder and 55% by mass or more of the entire balance is one or more selected from calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, and calcium hydroxide, the incinerator bag filter A filter aid such as diatomaceous earth may be used in combination.
[0010]
The smoke treatment agent in the present invention can be blown in a garbage incineration plant using a conventional smoke treatment agent blowing device as it is. The greater the amount of the smoke treatment agent blown into the flue, the greater the amount of harmful substances adsorbed and the higher the exhaust gas purification effect. It becomes uneconomical to inject a new flue gas treating agent, and the amount of used flue gas treating agent is increased, which has an adverse effect on preserving the remaining capacity of the waste disposal site.
Accordingly, the amount of the smoke treatment agent blown in is preferably 1 to 5 g per 1 m 3 of smoke exhaust, although it depends on the amount of harmful substances generated by incineration and the type of dust collector.
[0011]
Collection and collection of used smoke treatment agents that adsorb and detoxify harmful substances in the flue gas may be performed using a conventional bag filter or electric dust collector.
The collected used smoke treatment agent is dispersed in water and the salt adsorbed on the smoke treatment agent is eluted, followed by solid-liquid separation. The solid-liquid separation may be performed by a conventional method using a filter press or a belt filter.
The resulting dehydrated cake is used as part of the cement raw material. The separated filtrate may be drained after being subjected to wastewater treatment such as removal of dissolved heavy metals by a conventional method such as acid-alkali precipitation.
[0012]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described by way of examples.
Example 1
Powdered activated carbon with a specific surface area of 1050 m 2 / g, calcium hydroxide (JIS R 9001 special slaked lime) and calcium oxide (JIS R 9001 special slaked lime) were mixed in the proportions shown in Table 1 to obtain a smoke treatment agent. .
This smoke treatment agent was blown from immediately before the bag filter of the garbage incinerator, and the dust and the smoke treatment agent were collected by the bag filter to obtain a used smoke treatment agent. Blowing amount of exhaust gas treatment agent, was 2g per smoke 1 m 3. Table 1 shows the measurement results for dioxins in flue gas.
Add 10 L of water to 1 kg of the obtained used flue gas treatment agent, stir well, and use a small one-chamber filter press (filtration area 0.01 m 2 , polypropylene filter cloth, air permeability 1000 ml / cm 2 · min) , JIS B 9945 “Testing method of dehydration filtration device” 5.15.1 was subjected to a filtration test. Table 1 shows the measurement results of the dehydration rate.
As is clear from Table 1, the concentration of dioxins in the flue gas at the bag filter outlet was greatly reduced compared to the bag filter inlet, and the dehydration rate of the washing solution was large, which was a practical speed.
[0013]
(Example 2)
The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that calcium oxide was not mixed, components other than activated carbon were calcium hydroxide, and the components were mixed in the ratios shown in Table 1. Table 1 shows the measurement results of dioxins in the flue gas and the measurement results of the dehydration rate.
As is clear from Table 1, as in Example 1, the concentration of dioxins in the flue gas at the bag filter outlet was greatly reduced as compared with the bag filter inlet, and the dehydration rate of the washing solution was also large, so that the practical speed was high. That was it.
[0014]
(Example 3)
Other than activated charcoal, as an example of inorganic powders mainly composed of calcium oxide, an intermediate raw material of cement, extracted from a position of about 1000 ° C in the cement firing process, and mixed at the ratio shown in Table 1 Was the same as in Example 1. Table 2 shows the components of the inorganic powder mainly composed of calcium oxide. Table 1 shows the measurement results of dioxins and the dehydration rate.
As is clear from Table 1, as in Example 1, the concentration of dioxins in the flue gas at the bag filter outlet was greatly reduced as compared with the bag filter inlet, and the dehydration rate of the washing solution was also large, so that the practical speed was high. That was it.
[0015]
(Comparative Example 1)
The same procedure as in Example 2 was conducted except that the addition ratio of powdered activated carbon was lowered and mixed at the ratio shown in Table 1. Table 1 shows the measurement results of dioxins in the flue gas and the measurement results of the dehydration rate.
As is clear from Table 1, the concentration of dioxins in the flue gas at the bag filter outlet was not sufficiently reduced compared to the bag filter inlet.
[0016]
(Comparative Example 2)
Example 2 was repeated except that powdered activated carbon having a specific surface area of 800 m 2 / g was used. Table 1 shows the measurement results of dioxins in the flue gas and the measurement results of the dehydration rate.
As is clear from Table 1, the concentration of dioxins in the flue gas at the bag filter outlet was not sufficiently reduced compared to the bag filter inlet.
[0017]
(Comparative Example 3)
Powdered activated carbon having a specific surface area of 800 m 2 / g was used, and the addition ratio of powdered activated carbon was increased, and the same procedure as in Example 2 was performed except that mixing was performed at the ratio shown in Table 1. Table 1 shows the measurement results of dioxins in flue gas and the measurement results of dehydration rate.
As is clear from Table 1, the concentration of dioxins in the flue gas at the bag filter outlet was sufficiently reduced compared to the bag filter inlet, but the dehydration rate of the washing solution was extremely low because of the amount of activated carbon. .
[0018]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004450520
[0019]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004450520
[0020]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, when washing with water is attempted to be used as a cement resource after having been used while maintaining the adsorption / absorption capability of harmful substances as usual, the filterability of the washing liquid is not impaired, It is possible to contribute to further reduction of waste through the use of smoke treatment agents as cement resources.

Claims (1)

比表面積が1000m 2 /g以上の活性炭粉末を1〜15質量%含み、残部が酸化カルシウム、炭酸カルシウム、及び水酸化カルシウムから選ばれた1種以上を主成分とする排煙処理剤を焼却設備の煙道に吹込み、煙道内及び/又はバグフィルター上にて排煙から有害物質を吸着、無害化せしめ、有害物質と共に排煙処理剤をバグフィルターや電気集塵機によって捕集、回収し、回収した排煙処理剤を水洗して塩分を除去した後、セメント原料として再資源化することを特徴とする排煙処理方法。Incineration equipment containing 1-15% by mass of activated carbon powder with a specific surface area of 1000m 2 / g or more, with the balance being one or more selected from calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, and calcium hydroxide as the main component The flue gas is blown into the flue and adsorbs and detoxifies harmful substances from the flue gas in the flue and / or on the bag filter, and the flue gas treatment agent is collected and collected by the bag filter and electric dust collector along with the harmful substances. A flue gas treatment method, wherein the flue gas treatment agent is washed with water to remove salt, and then recycled as a cement raw material.
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