JP4442041B2 - Hydroponic cultivation equipment - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a hydroponic cultivation apparatus.
[0002]
[Prior art]
One of the hydroponic cultures is the rock wool plowing method. In this method, as shown in the flow sheet of FIG. 7 (a), a culture solution having a desired nutrient composition by mixing raw water and fertilizer (liquid fertilizer) in the culture solution adjusting apparatus 1 is grown using rock wool as a medium. Cultivate the crops by sending them to the main farm 2, but in order to stabilize the nutrient composition in the rock wool medium, 30-40% more culture solution than the amount absorbed by the crops is supplied to the plant stock by an infusion nozzle or the like. The surplus culture liquid discharged from the cultivation main field 2 is discarded without being collected and discarded as it is. However, since the culture solution for hydroponics is originally a solution in which fertilizer components that enable crop production are dissolved, the concentration of nitrate nitrogen, phosphorus, etc. in the effluent is high, so it is discarded as it is This can lead to groundwater and river water pollution. In recent years, therefore, in the Netherlands and Europe, the dripping of the culture solution is regulated by the law, and the conventional pouring method has been shifted to the circulating hydroponic cultivation method.
[0003]
FIG. 7B shows a flow sheet of a circulating (closed) hydroponic cultivation apparatus used in the Netherlands and the like. The culture solution adjusted by the culture solution adjusting apparatus 1 is sent to the cultivation main field 2 using the rock wool medium, and a liquid amount corresponding to 30 to 40% of the supplied culture liquid amount is discharged from the cultivation main field 2. . When this discharged liquid is called a return liquid, the return liquid is sent to the sterilization treatment device 3 for sterilization treatment, and then this sterilized return solution and raw water are mixed by the secondary raw water preparation device 4. The secondary raw water is sent to the above-described culture solution adjusting apparatus 1 so as to reuse the culture solution. The reason why the return liquid is sterilized or sterilized by the sterilization treatment device 3 is that if a disease from the roots occurs in the circulation type hydroponic culture, the pathogenic bacteria may be rapidly transmitted to the whole to cause devastating damage. This is because it is expensive.
[0004]
The most widespread as a sterilization treatment device is a slow sand filtration device that flows through a sand layer having a particle size of 0.15 to 0.35 mm at a flow rate of about 0.1 m / h. It is said that it is effective for sterilization of bacteria. In addition, heat sterilization, ultraviolet irradiation sterilization, ozone sterilization, pressure is applied to the drainage to remove ions such as Na and chlorine in the drainage, and all pathogenic bacteria larger than the ionic species are removed. The reverse osmosis membrane treatment to remove is researched and developed. In addition to rock wool, coconut shell fibers are also used as an artificial medium.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As described above, the drainage liquid or return liquid from the cultivation main field is an amount corresponding to, for example, 30 to 40% of the liquid supply amount. Therefore, even if the entire liquid amount is discarded directly on the ground, or circulation type hydroponic cultivation In the case of the method, even if the treatment is performed by a sterilization apparatus, the facility is increased in size.
[0006]
In addition, if recycling of the returned liquid causes Na +, Cl-, etc. contained in the raw water to be concentrated above the absorbed concentration of the crop, it will grow due to antagonism with nutrient elements required by the plant. It is necessary to discard or renew the culture solution at a certain point in order to avoid any trouble. However, if it is disposed on the ground surface as it is, the advantage of the circulation system is lacking, but the membrane Removal of raw water ions such as Na + and Cl- using treatment technology, etc., leads to an increase in equipment size and cost, as in the case of the sterilization device. Covering raw water with tap water was not economical in terms of cost.
[0007]
Furthermore, using an ion sensor to adjust the imbalance of the nutrient composition of the culture broth that occurs during cultivation continues, it is expensive, and other ions act on the ion sensor for measurement. There was a problem that it was not stable and maintenance for that purpose was complicated.
[0008]
The problem to be solved by the present invention is that it is possible to easily reduce the amount of water discharged from the cultivation main field or the amount of return liquid and the amount of nutrients, contributing to downsizing of the processing apparatus to be attached, An object of the present invention is to provide a hydroponic cultivation device effective in eliminating the accumulation of harmful ions such as Na + and Cl-.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The invention according to claim 1 excludes the culture medium adjusting device, the cultivation main field where the plant is hydroponically cultivated with the culture liquid from the culture liquid adjusting apparatus, and the return liquid which is an excess culture liquid discharged from the cultivation main field. A sterilization treatment device for sterilization, and a nutrient solution cultivation device having a secondary raw water preparation device for feeding a mixture of the sterilized return solution and raw water to the culture solution adjusting device, that is, circulating and recirculating the culture solution In the utilization type hydroponic cultivation apparatus, a biogeofilter in which a purification plant grown by a return liquid from the cultivation main field is arranged in series between the cultivation main field and the sterilization apparatus, and the purification It is characterized in that the amount of nourishment of the return liquid supplied to the sterilization treatment device is reduced by the action of absorbing and absorbing water by the plant.
The invention which concerns on Claim 2 arrange | positions the ion exchange processing apparatus which ion-exchange-processes the discharge | emission liquid from the said bio-geofilter following the said bio-geofilter in series, and depends on the cultivation plant for purification | cleaning of this bio-geofilter It is characterized in that the amount of nourishment of the return liquid supplied to the ion exchange treatment device is reduced by a fertilization / water absorption action.
[0010]
【Example】
In FIG. 1, the flow sheet of the pouring type hydroponic cultivation apparatus which becomes this invention is shown.
In the case of roses using a rock wool medium, the culture solution adjusted by the culture solution adjusting device 1 is sent to the cultivation main field 2, and 30 to 40% of the culture solution is discharged from the cultivation main field 2 as drainage. Is done. This drainage is once stored in a tank and then sent to the biogeofilter 5 using a pump and a tube. The biogeofilter 5 is configured by arranging a planter planted with a purification plant in or around the facility. The effluent is reduced by introducing the effluent from the cultivation field to the planter where the plant for purification is planted, and allowing the plant for purification to absorb and absorb the nutrient water of the effluent. The amount is reduced and the waste liquid is discarded outside the system.
[0011]
Plants for purification cultivated with biogeofilters can be sold directly as seasonally blooming flowers, are effective in improving the landscape, and have a perennial plant in that they do not require time for replanting. In terms of preventing the accumulation of Na +, which is a problem when circulating and reusing the culture broth, Na acetic acid plants that use Na as a useful element, such as sugar beet, are attached to the inner surface of heat sterilization piping. In terms of improving the clogging of pipes, it has a characteristic of absorbing a large amount of Ca component. For example, a good Ca plant such as Komatsuna, red pepper, and tuna has a lot of N and P in terms of environmental regulations. A plant that absorbs fertilizers, such as Enzai and Porturaca, is suitable. By selecting a plurality of types of purification plants according to a plurality of required functions and planting them together, a biogeofilter that can respond to a plurality of requests can be configured relatively easily.
[0012]
By the way, as a plant for purification, Aster, Sekitiku, Gerbera, Porturaca, Betunia, Ageratum, Marigold, Meranpojume, Salvia, Enzai, Mint, Astilbe, Phlox, Gaura are planted in one planter (230mm x 644mm x 185mm) Density: Planted with 4 strains / planter and cultivated at a rate of 5-6 l / day / planter of brine by drainage from the cultivation main field, the amount of water can be reduced to about 53%, the amount of fertilizer is , N can be reduced to about 25 to 58%, and P can be reduced to about 25 to 50%. From this result, it can be seen that adult perennial plants have a water absorption of about 2.5 l / strain / day, and 0.65 l / strain / day for grown roses in cultivated main field 2 is 3.8 per strain. Therefore, if the cultivation area of roses is 300 tsubo (7,200 strains) and the drainage rate in cultivation main field 2 is constant 30%, the number of perennial plants may be about 570. I understood it.
In addition, in the above-mentioned plants, the growth of vigorous, strong resistance to pests, and the utilization efficiency of nutrients are Porturaca, Enzai and perennial perennials (Astilbe, Phlox, Gaura), which look and bloom. During the period, Porturaca, Petunia, Astilbe, Phlox and Gaura were excellent.
[0013]
The biogeofilter 5 medium was reused as a planted material after pulverizing the waste rockwool medium generated in the cultivation main field 2. Can contribute somewhat to mitigation.
[0014]
From FIG. 2 to FIG. 4, the biogeofilter 5 in which the amount of nutrient water in the drainage is reduced by the fertilization / water absorption action of the purification plant, in FIG. 2, a sterilization treatment device 3 is provided. In FIG. 3, an ion exchange treatment device 6 is provided, and in FIG. 4, the ion exchange treatment device 6 and the ion exchange treatment device 6 are removed. It differs from FIG. 1 in that the bacteria treatment device 3 is provided in series and the ion exchange treatment and sterilization treatment are discarded. In any case, since the processing amount is reduced, the equipment may be small. By removing NO3-, Na ions, etc. by the ion exchange treatment device 6, the burden on the plant and the environment is reduced. However, when the ion exchange treatment device 6 is passed through the ion exchange resin treatment device 6 and discarded outside, it is almost adsorbed. Therefore, the load may be considered as zero. In the case of treatment for an environmental standard value of 10 ppm or less, NO3 − may be removed using an anion exchange resin.
[0015]
FIG. 5 shows a flow sheet of the circulation type hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to the present invention.
The culture solution adjusted by the culture solution adjusting apparatus 1 is sent to the cultivation main field 2, and in the case of roses, 30 to 40% of the culture solution is discharged from the cultivation main field 2 as a return liquid. This return liquid is once stored in a tank, and then sent to the biogeofilter 5 using a pump and a tube. The biogeofilter 5 is configured by arranging a planter planted with a purification plant in or around the facility. The return liquid is reduced by introducing the return liquid from the cultivation main field to the planter planting the purification plant, and allowing the purification plant to absorb and absorb the moisture from the return liquid. The reduced return liquid is sent to the sterilization treatment device 3, the sterilized liquid is sent to the secondary raw water preparation device 4 to create secondary raw water, and the prepared secondary raw water is the culture solution. It will be sent to the adjusting device 1.
[0016]
In the secondary raw water preparation device 4, the control to mix the raw water and the return liquid into the secondary raw water may be performed based on the EC (electric conductivity) value of the secondary raw water, or the raw water and the sterilization The mixing ratio with the treated liquid may be made substantially equal to the ratio between the culture liquid volume and the return liquid volume. In the example shown in the figure, the switching valve 7 is provided in the drainage pipe from the biogeofilter 5 and the switching valve 8 is provided in the drainage pipe from the sterilization treatment device 3, but is discarded from the switching valve 7 to the outside of the system. This corresponds to FIG. 1, and discarding from the switching valve 8 outside the system corresponds to FIG.
[0017]
In FIG. 6, unlike FIG. 5, the ion exchange treatment device 6 is provided next to the bio-geofilter 5, and the sterilization treatment device 3 and the secondary raw water preparation device 4 are continued after the ion exchange treatment device 6. In the example shown in the figure, the switching valve 9 is provided in the drainage pipe from the ion exchange treatment device 6 and the switching valve 8 is provided in the drainage piping from the sterilization treatment device 3. Corresponding to FIG. 3, discarding from the switching valve 8 outside the system corresponds to FIG. 4.
[0018]
【The invention's effect】
Since the present invention is configured as described above, the following effects can be obtained.
[0019]
Since it is easy to reduce the amount of drainage or return liquid from the cultivation main field by, for example, about half of the amount of water by fertilization / water absorption of the purification plant by the biogeofilter, various devices following the biogeofilter In order to reduce the initial cost and running cost associated with this, it is possible to provide an ion-exchange resin treatment device in the circulation system from an economical point of view. In particular, problematic Na + ion removal can be performed. In addition to the amount of water, it is easy to reduce the amount of N and P to about half, and even if discarded directly outside the system, it can be made harmless without any problem. When it becomes difficult, the liquid can be effectively dealt with when it must be discarded.
[0020]
Furthermore, biogeofilters for purification plants can be selected according to the required functions, and these can be mixed and planted, so the composition of drainage or return liquid can be improved by appropriate combinations, and fertilizer components when creating secondary raw water This is effective in reducing the adjustment burden.
[Brief description of the drawings]
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a flow sheet of a pouring type hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to the present invention provided with a bio-geofilter.
FIG. 2 is a flow sheet of a pouring type hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to the present invention, which is provided with a bio-geofilter and a sterilization treatment apparatus.
FIG. 3 is a flow sheet of a pouring type hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to the present invention provided with a bio-geofilter and an ion exchange treatment apparatus.
FIG. 4 is a flow sheet of a pouring type hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to the present invention, which is provided with a bio-geofilter, an ion exchange treatment device, and a sterilization treatment device.
FIG. 5 is a flow sheet of a circulation type hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to the present invention provided with a bio-geofilter.
FIG. 6 is a flow sheet of a circulation type hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to the present invention provided with a bio-geofilter,
7A is a flow sheet showing a conventional example of a flow-through method, and FIG. 7B is a flow sheet showing a conventional example of a circulation type.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Culture liquid adjustment apparatus 2 Cultivation main field 3 Sterilization processing apparatus 4 Secondary raw water preparation apparatus 5 Bio-di-off filter 6 Ion exchange processing apparatus 7-9 Switching valve

Claims (2)

A culture medium adjustment apparatus, a cultivation main field where the plant is hydroponically cultivated with the culture liquid from the culture liquid adjustment apparatus, and a sterilization treatment apparatus which sterilizes the return liquid which is an excess culture liquid discharged from the cultivation main field in nutriculture apparatus have a secondary raw water producing apparatus for feeding a mixture of its eradication treated returns liquid raw Prefecture in the culture medium adjustment apparatus,
Between the cultivation Honpo and sterilization apparatus, wherein by disposing in series a bio geo filter that planting a purifying plant which is grown by the return liquid from the cultivation Honpo by吸肥-water effect of plant for the purifying A nutrient solution cultivating apparatus that reduces the amount of nourishment of the return solution supplied to the sterilization apparatus. A culture medium adjustment apparatus, a cultivation main field where the plant is hydroponically cultivated with the culture liquid from the culture liquid adjustment apparatus, and a sterilization treatment apparatus which sterilizes the return liquid which is an excess culture liquid discharged from the cultivation main field in nutriculture apparatus have a secondary raw water producing apparatus for feeding a mixture of its eradication treated returns liquid raw Prefecture in the culture medium adjustment apparatus,
Between the cultivation main field and the sterilization device, a bio-geofilter planting a purification plant grown by the return liquid from the cultivation main field,
Following the said bio-geo filter, arranged in series with the discharge liquid ion exchange treatment apparatus for ion-exchange processes from the bio-geo filter, the ion exchange by吸肥-water effect of purifying plants of the bio-geo filter A nutrient solution cultivating apparatus for reducing the amount of nourishment of the return solution supplied to the treatment device .

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