JP4438301B2 - Manufacturing method and filling method of plastic light weight injection material - Google Patents

Manufacturing method and filling method of plastic light weight injection material Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4438301B2
JP4438301B2 JP2003076874A JP2003076874A JP4438301B2 JP 4438301 B2 JP4438301 B2 JP 4438301B2 JP 2003076874 A JP2003076874 A JP 2003076874A JP 2003076874 A JP2003076874 A JP 2003076874A JP 4438301 B2 JP4438301 B2 JP 4438301B2
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Prior art keywords
injection material
water
cement
plastic
weight
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JP2003076874A
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JP2004284844A (en
Inventor
武志 鯉沼
保幸 平塚
詩朗 山谷
千秋 遠藤
明大 川上
安志 面高
正博 吉原
伸幸 田中
秀夫 高橋
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Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co Ltd
Estech Corp
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Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co Ltd
Estech Corp
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00732Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for soil stabilisation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/70Grouts, e.g. injection mixtures for cables for prestressed concrete
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/74Underwater applications

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Clay, And Manufacture Of Mixtures Containing Clay Or Cement (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、可塑性軽量注入材及びその製造方法、並びにその充填工法に関し、特に土木構造物の空洞充填、軽量盛土及び埋立て等に用い、所望する限定的な場所に注入固化できる可塑性軽量注入材の製造方法および充填工法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、トンネル等の土木構造物や埋立てや盛り土等に注入される注入材としては、セメントミルクやセメントエアミルク等のセメント系注入材が知られており、これらの注入材は、例えば空洞部等の充填を所望する箇所に注入されて、固化する。
【0003】
しかし、注入部に注入材を導入する場合、充填しようとする箇所の空洞部に地下水や流水等の液体が存在すると、地下水や流水によって、注入した注入材が希釈化されてしまうことがある。
また、注入部を限定して注入材を区間注入する場合に、通常のセメントミルク系注入材では、かかる注入区間以外の周辺部位へ注入材の逸脱が発生してしまい、限定注入が困難である。
【0004】
このような希釈化や周辺部への逸脱を防止するために、注入材をゲル化して、地下水や流水に希釈化されることなく、また、その形状維持性によって周辺部に逸脱することのない性状の注入材が求められており、セメントミルクやセメントエアミルク等に水ガラス系薬剤やアルミニウム塩類を添加して注入材にこのような性状を付与することが行われている。
【0005】
上記水ガラス系薬剤を添加した注入材は、地下水や流水等の水によって水ガラスの未反応のナトリウムイオンが溶出してしまうため耐久性に劣り、また高アルカリ性となるため汚染が問題となる。
また、アルミニウム塩類を添加した注入材は、アルミニウムが高価であるため、これを添加した注入材も高価なものとなり、また未反応陰イオンが溶出してしまうため耐久性に劣り、さらに陰イオンによる地下水等の汚染が問題となる。
【0006】
これらの問題に対して、特許文献1には、可塑性注入材をセメントミルク又はセメントエアミルクと、ベントナイト泥水とを攪拌混合して得られる可塑性注入材が開示されている。
また、特許文献2には、セメント、ベントナイト及び水又はセメント、ベントナイト、水に、気泡を含有する注入材料が開示されている。
【0007】
しかし、上記特許文献の注入材に用いられている可塑材であるベントナイト等の粘土鉱物は、水に対する膨潤性が高く、泥水を調製するのにかなりの水を要し、軽量材、例えば気泡や発泡ビーズ等を混入するための十分な体積が確保できないため注入材の軽量化を図ることが困難である。
【0008】
また、上記注入材を得るためには、ベントナイト中の成分がセメントから溶出したカルシウム成分と容易に反応して膨潤しなくなることを防止するため、予めベントナイト泥水と、セメントミルクとを別個に調製して、十分にベントナイトが膨潤した後にセメントミルクと混合する製造方法により調製されており、セメントミルクとベントナイト泥水の2液を別個に製造する必要があることから、このための製造機械等の製造系列が2系列必要となり、製造コストが高価なものとなる。
【0009】
【特許文献1】
特開平11−310779号公報
【特許文献2】
特開2000−54794号公報
【0010】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、軽量で、瞬時にゲル化することができ、地下水や流水の影響を受けることなく優れた耐溶出性、形状維持性などの水中分離抵抗性を備えた、限定注入や水中打設が容易にできる可塑性軽量注入材の製造方法および充填工法を提供することである。
本明細書において「可塑性」という用語は、地下水や流水に希釈化されることなく、ゲル化した凝集体の状態になり、その形状付与性に起因して、周囲への逸脱が生じがたい性状であることを意味する。
【0012】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、セメント及び混練水を含む硬化液と、界面活性剤を主成分とした起泡剤を発泡させて得られた気泡とを混合撹拌して可塑性軽量注入材を調製するに際して、水溶性高分子及び/又は凝結硬化促進剤を別個に調製して上記の注入材中に混合した場合に、地下水や流水の影響を受けることなく優れた耐溶出性、形状維持性などの水中分離抵抗性を備えた可塑性軽量注入材が得られることを見出し、本発明を完成させた。
【0013】
すなわち請求項1の発明は、セメント及び混練水を含む硬化液と、界面活性剤を主成分とするとともに可塑剤成分を配合した起泡剤を発泡させて得られた気泡と、水溶性高分子及び/又は凝結硬化促進剤とを別個に調製し、次いで前記各成分を混合撹拌することにより瞬時にゲル化させることを特徴とする可塑性軽量注入材の製造方法である。
請求項2の発明は、請求項1記載の可塑性軽量注入材の製造方法において、注入材中の水溶性高分子の濃度が0.01〜10重量%の範囲になるように、上記水溶性高分子を調製することを特徴とするものである。
【0014】
請求項3の発明は、請求項1または2記載の可塑性軽量注入材の製造方法において、注入材中の凝結硬化促進剤の濃度が0.01〜10重量%の範囲になるように、上記凝結硬化促進剤を調製することを特徴とするものである。
請求項4の発明は、請求項1または3記載の可塑性軽量注入材の製造方法において、注入材中の上記凝結硬化促進剤とともに、注入材中の濃度が0.01〜10重量%の範囲で凝結硬化遅延剤をさらに混合したことを特徴とするものである。
【0015】
請求項5の発明は、請求項1〜4いずれか1項記載の可塑性軽量注入材の製造方法において、上記セメント及び混練水を含む硬化液が、さらに骨材を含む特徴とするものである。
請求項6の発明は、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項記載の可塑性軽量注入材の製造方法において、上記起泡剤中の上記可塑剤成分の濃度が0.01〜10重量%となるように、上記起泡剤に上記可塑剤成分を配合することを特徴とするものである。
【0016】
請求項7の発明は、注入現場箇所において、請求項1ないし6のいずれかに記載の前記各成分を混合撹拌して瞬時にゲル化させて得られた可塑性軽量注入材を注入箇所へ充填することを特徴とする可塑性軽量注入材の充填工法である。
【0017】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に、本発明を好ましい実施形態を挙げて説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。
【0018】
本発明で用いるセメント及び混練水を含む硬化液とは、例えば、セメントと混練水とを混合して得られたセメントミルクや、セメントと骨材と混練水とを混合して得られたモルタル等が挙げられ、当該硬化液中でカルシウムイオンが溶出して、その液自体で硬化性を有するものであれば、特に限定されず、任意のものが使用できる。
【0019】
骨材としては、その種類についての制約は特になく、通常の砂(川砂、山砂、海砂、砕石粉末砂等で、粒径が5mm以下のもの)、混和材(高炉スラグ微粉末、フライアッシュ、シリカフューム等)石灰石及び石灰石微粉末、シリカ系微粉末、粘土鉱物(ベントナイト、カオリン、アタパルジャイト等)砕石、珪砂、軽量骨材(パーライト、シラスバルーン等)、現地発生土などが挙げられる。
従って、粘性土等の現地発生土を含む被処理土泥水の水量を調節しセメントを配合して調製して得られる流動化処理土やベントナイト泥水にセメントを配合したもの等も当該硬化液に該当する。
混練水としては、水道水、地下水、海水などが挙げることができる。
【0020】
本発明に用いることのできるセメントとしては、普通、早強、白色、耐硫酸、中庸熱、低熱等の各種ポルトランドセメント、前記ポルトランドセメントの少なくとも1種と高炉スラグ、フライアッシュ等の少なくとも1種が混合された混合セメント、ジェットセメント、アルミナセメント等の特殊セメント、及びセメント系固化材等がある。
【0021】
セメントを含む硬化液には、必要に応じて、各種セメント混和剤を併用することも可能である。これらのセメント混和剤は、得られる注入材の可塑性に影響を及ぼすことがないものであれば使用することができる。
具体的には、公知のセメント分散剤(リグニン系、メラミン系、ナフタリン系等)、収縮低減剤(低級アルコール等)、撥水剤(高級脂肪酸等)、急結剤(アルミン酸カルシウム等)、高炉スラグ、シリカフューム、石膏、火山灰等の種々のものを挙げることができる。
例えば、減水剤等の混和剤の添加によって、セメントを含む硬化液中の単位水量を減らすことや、含有されるセメント量の調整が可能となることにより、高強度及び軽量化の配合設定の範囲を拡大することが可能である。
【0022】
本発明で使用する起泡剤は、界面活性剤を主成分とし、これに可塑剤成分を配合することができる。起泡剤中の可塑剤成分の濃度は、使用時において、0.01〜10重量%、好適には0.1〜5重量%であることが、期待する可塑性を有する注入材が得られる点で望ましい。可塑剤成分の濃度が0.01重量%より少ないと可塑性を有する効果がなく、10重量%を超えると可塑性が強すぎて気泡を消してしまう。
ここで、使用時とは、起泡剤を調製し、得られた起泡剤を、例えば1〜200倍に希釈して、気泡を発泡させる直前の濃度を示すものとする。
【0023】
本発明に使用される起泡剤の主成分である界面活性剤としては、炭化水素系界面活性剤、蛋白質系界面活性剤又は両者の混合物が好ましく使用できる。炭化水素系界面活性剤としては、アニオン界面活性剤、両性界面活性剤、カチオン界面活性剤、非イオン界面活性剤等が使用でき、蛋白質系界面活性剤としてはケラチン、コラーゲン等が使用できる。これらの界面活性剤は1種あるいは2種以上混合して使用することができる。また、炭化水素系又は蛋白質系界面活性剤からなる市販の気泡モルタル用起泡剤を、起泡剤における界面活性剤の供給源として使用しても、何ら問題はない。
【0024】
好適に使用できる界面活性剤は、アニオン界面活性剤である。アニオン界面活性剤は、水中で解離して生じるアニオンが水溶液の表面に吸着されて、その表面張力を低下させる作用を有するもので泡を生成するために必要な成分である。例えばRCOONa等のカルボン酸塩、ROSO3 Na等の硫酸エステル塩、RSO3 Na等のスルホン酸塩、ROPO(ONa)2 等のリン酸エステル塩等、公知のアニオン界面活性剤が使用できる。
【0025】
具体的には、上記アニオン界面活性剤には、アルキル硫酸塩、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル硫酸塩等のエステル塩、アルキルベンゼンスルホン酸及びその塩、アルキルスルホン酸塩、スルホコハク酸塩、N−アシルアルキルタウリン塩、アルファオレフィンスルホン酸塩等のスルホン酸塩、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテルカルボン酸塩、脂肪酸塩等のカルボン酸塩等がある。
【0026】
起泡剤中に配合する可塑剤成分としては、ラウリルアルコール、ミリスチルアルコール、セチルアルコール等の高級アルコールやラウリン酸、ミリスチン酸、ステアリン酸等の脂肪酸、メチルセルロース等のセルロース系誘導体やポリビニルアルコール、ポリアリルアミン、ポリエチレンイミン、アルギン酸ナトリウム等の水溶性高分子、ゼラチン、カゼイン等の蛋白質系増粘剤、ポリアクリル酸ナトリウム、デンプングリコール酸ナトリウム等の合成系増粘剤、グアーガム、アラビアガム、カラギナン、アルギン酸、カードラン、ペクチン等の天然系増粘剤、ペクチン、キチン、キトサン等の植物、甲殻類抽出物、アルケニルコハク酸、アミノ酸と脂肪酸からなるアミノ酸系界面活性剤等のカルボン酸系界面活性剤、塩化カルシウムなどの塩素化合物、硝酸塩、亜硝酸塩、チオシアン酸塩など、ジエタノールアミンやトリエタノールアミンなどのアミン類、ギ酸、酢酸、アクリル酸などの有機酸のカルシウム塩など、水ガラス系薬剤やアルミニウム塩類等の無機塩類などを添加しても良い。これらの可塑剤成分は1種あるいは2種類以上を混合して使用することができる。
【0027】
起泡剤には、可塑性を強くするために必要に応じて粘土鉱物を配合することができる。粘土鉱物の濃度は、使用時において、1〜40重量%、好適には5〜20重量%であることが、期待する可塑性を有する注入材が得られる点で望ましい。粘土鉱物の濃度が1重量%より少ないと可塑性を有する効果がなく、40重量%を超えると可塑性が強すぎて気泡を消してしまう。
【0028】
さらに、粘土鉱物の分散性を良好にするために、必要に応じて分散剤をさらに配合することができる。分散剤の濃度は、使用時において、0.1〜10重量%であることが、期待する粘土鉱物分散性を得られる点で望ましい。分散剤の濃度が0.1重量%より少ないと粘土鉱物の分散効果が十分に得られず、10重量%を超えて添加しても粘土鉱物分散性は向上することはなく、価格的にも高価な起泡剤となってしまう。
【0029】
起泡剤に配合される粘土鉱物としては、カオリン鉱物、蛇紋岩及び類縁鉱物、パイロフィライト、タルク、雲母粘土鉱物、緑泥岩、バーミキュライト、スメクタイト、ベントナイト等の層状粘土鉱物、セピオライト、アタパルジャイト等の繊維状粘土鉱物、アロフェン及びイモゴライト等の非晶質粘土鉱物、その他、シリカ鉱物、長石、沸石、ドロマイト等で、これらの焼成物、例えばメタカオリン、メタハロイサイト等も挙げられる。これらの粘土鉱物は1種又は2種以上混合して使用できる。
このうち特に好ましい粘土鉱物として、ベントナイト、アタパルジャイトおよびメタカオリンが挙げられる。
【0030】
また、起泡剤に配合される分散剤としては、リグニン系、メラミン系、ナフタリン系、ポリカルボン酸系、リン酸塩系、クエン酸系、フミン酸系、スルホン酸系及びフミン誘導体、タンニン酸塩及びタンニン誘導体、アクリル酸ナトリウム等が挙げられ、これらを混合併用してもなんら問題はない。
【0031】
さらに、本発明の起泡剤には必要に応じて、ナトリウム塩(硫酸ナトリウム、塩化ナトリウム等)、カリウム塩(硫酸カリウム等)、マグネシウム塩(硫酸マグネシウム等)、カルシウム塩(硫酸カルシウム等)などの水溶性無機金属塩、セロソルブ系溶剤(メチルセロソルブ、エチルセロソルブ、ブチルセロソルブ等)、カルビトール類(エチルカルビトール、ブチルカルビトール等)、エチレンオキシドの付加モル数が3〜10のポリオキシエチレン低級アルキルエーテル、ジオール類(エチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール等)などの水溶性有機溶媒、ポリカルボン酸系、リグニン系、スルファミン系、ナフタレンスルホン酸系、アルキル硫酸エステル塩等の減水剤などを併用しても良い。特に水溶性有機溶媒は気泡を滑らかにし、セメントミルク中の粗泡の発生を抑制する作用がある。
【0032】
起泡剤を発泡させて得られた気泡を、セメント及び混練水を含有する硬化液と混合するにあたり、起泡剤をあらかじめ水溶性有機溶媒等を使用して水溶液の形としておいてもよく、その希釈倍率は1〜100倍程度である。
【0033】
起泡剤を発泡させる際の発泡倍率は1〜200倍、好適には15〜100倍とすることが、本発明の可塑性軽量注入材の可塑性を発現させるために望ましい。起泡剤を発泡させて気泡とするためには、発泡装置やミキサー等を用いて発泡させる通常の方法を採用することができる。
【0034】
起泡剤を発泡させて得られる気泡は、セメント及び混練水を含む硬化液とは別個に調製し、次いで両者を混合攪拌することにより瞬時にゲル化させる機能を有する。気泡の混入量は、可塑性軽量注入材の容積に対して15〜85%、好ましくは40〜60%となるように混合されることが望ましい。気泡が上記範囲より多くなると、得られる可塑性軽量注入材中のセメント量が少なくなるため硬化性が不十分となる場合もある。一方、上記範囲より少なくなると、混入した気泡が材料から分離してしまう材料分離が生じやすくなるため好ましくない。かかる気泡の混入量は、硬化液の種類などによって、変化させることができる。
【0035】
本発明の可塑性軽量注入材に使用される水溶性高分子は、注入材の水中分離抵抗性を向上させるために配合されるものであり、注入材使用時における注入材中の濃度が0.01〜10重量%、好適には0.1〜1重量%であることが、期待する水中分離抵抗性を向上させる点で望ましい。水溶性高分子の濃度が0.01重量%より少ないと期待する効果が得られにくくなり、10重量%を超えると水中分離抵抗性が強すぎて気泡を消してしまう傾向がある。
【0036】
可塑性軽量注入材に配合される水溶性高分子としては、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリエチレンイミン、ポリアリルアミンなどの化学的合成高分子、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリプロピレングリコールなどのグリコール類、メチルセルロース、エチルセルロースとそれらの誘導体などのセルロース系高分子、ポリアクリルアミドやポリアクリル酸ソーダなどのアクリル系高分子、ゼラチン、カゼイン等の蛋白質系増粘剤、ポリアクリル酸ナトリウム、デンプングリコール酸ナトリウム等の合成系増粘剤、グアーガム、アラビアガム、カラギナン、アルギン酸、カードラン、ペクチン等の天然系増粘剤、ペクチン、キチン、キトサン等の植物、甲殻類抽出物などが挙げられる。これらの水溶性高分子は、粉体のものは水溶液として使用し、液体のものはそのまま又は水で希釈して使用する。
このうち特に好ましい水溶性高分子として、ポリビニルアルコールとポリエチレングリコールが挙げられる。
【0037】
本発明の可塑性軽量注入材に使用される凝結硬化促進剤は、セメントの水和反応を促進して可塑性軽量注入材の凝結と硬化を促進し、注入材の水中分離抵抗性を向上させるために配合されるものであり、注入材使用時における注入材中の濃度が0.01〜10重量%、好適には0.1〜1重量%であることが、期待する水中分離抵抗性を向上させる点で望ましい。凝結促進促進剤の濃度が0.01重量%より少ないと期待する効果が得られにくくなり、10重量%を超えると強度発現が早すぎて気泡を消してしまう傾向がある。
【0038】
可塑性軽量注入材に配合される凝結硬化促進剤としては、無機塩系では、塩化カルシウムで代表される塩素化合物、硝酸塩、亜硝酸塩、チオシアン酸塩などで、有機塩系では、ジエタノールアミンやトリエタノールアミンなどのアミン類、ギ酸、酢酸、アクリル酸などの有機酸のカルシウム塩などが使用できる。これらの凝結硬化促進剤も、粉体のものは水溶液として使用し、液体のものはそのまま又は水で希釈して使用する。
このうち特に好ましい促進剤として、塩化カルシウム、トリエタノールアミンが挙げられる。
【0039】
本発明の可塑性軽量注入材に使用される凝結硬化遅延剤は、セメントの水和反応を遅らせて可塑性軽量注入材の凝結、硬化を遅延させることによって上記促進剤による凝結、硬化を調節するものであり、そのため、必要に応じて凝結硬化促進剤と併用して使用される。凝結硬化遅延剤を使用する場合の濃度は、注入材使用時における注入材中の濃度を0.01〜10重量%、好適には0.1〜1重量%とする。遅延剤の濃度が0.01重量%より少ないと期待する効果が得られにくくなり、10重量%を超えるとセメントの凝結や硬化が弱すぎて気泡を消してしまう傾向がある。
【0040】
可塑性軽量注入材に必要に応じて配合される凝結硬化遅延剤は、有機質系ではリグニンスルホン酸、グルコン酸塩、ポリオール高分子複合体や、乳酸、酒石酸、クエン酸、グルコン酸などの有機酸、グルコース、ショ糖、ソルビトール、ペンタエスリトールなどの糖類で、無機質系では、珪フッ化物、リン酸塩、酸化亜鉛、塩化亜鉛、酸化鉛、酸化ホウ素、ホウ砂などが挙げられる。これらの凝結硬化遅延剤も、粉体のものは水溶液として使用し、液体のものはそのまま又は水で希釈して使用する。
このうち特に好ましい凝結硬化遅延剤として、リグニンスルホン酸、有機酸が挙げられる。
【0041】
上述したごときセメント及び混練水を含む硬化液と、起泡剤を発泡させて得られた気泡と、水溶性高分子及び/又は凝結硬化促進剤とを混合撹拌することによって、本発明の可塑性軽量注入材とすることができる。
かような可塑性軽量注入材は、セメントと混練水を含む硬化液を調製し、これとは別個に、水などに界面活性剤と可塑剤成分さらには必要に応じて粘土鉱物や分散剤を加えて溶解分散させて得られた起泡剤を発泡させて気泡を調製し、さらこれとは別個に、水溶性高分子及び/又は凝結硬化促進剤を調製し、上記で調製した硬化液と気泡と水溶性高分子及び/又は凝結硬化促進剤とを混合撹拌して、瞬時にゲル化させることにより製造することができる。
【0042】
上述したように本発明においては、注入材の水中分離抵抗性を向上させる成分である水溶性高分子、凝結硬化促進剤、凝結硬化遅延剤を、セメントを含む硬化液や起泡剤とは別個に、注入材成分として混合する必要がある。水溶性高分子、凝結硬化促進剤、凝結硬化遅延剤をセメントを含む硬化液あるいは起泡剤中の配合成分として用いた場合には、期待される注入材の水中分離抵抗性向上効果を得ることができない。
【0043】
また、本発明においては、セメント及び混練水を含む硬化液と気泡と水溶性高分子及び/又は凝結硬化促進剤とを混合攪拌する製造方法を用いることができる結果、セメントミルク又はセメントエアミルクとベントナイト泥水の2液を別個に製造した後に両者を混合撹拌する従来の可塑性軽量注入材の製造方法と比較して、ミキサー等の製造系列を削減することが可能となり、製造コストの高騰が抑制できる。
【0044】
本発明の可塑性軽量注入材の充填注入では、セメント及び混練水を含む硬化液と気泡と水溶性高分子及び/又は凝結硬化促進剤との混合攪拌を注入現場箇所でおこない、瞬時にゲル化させて得られた可塑性軽量注入材を所望する注入箇所へ充填することにより、耐久性に優れ、瞬時にゲル化することができ、しかも地下水や流水の影響を受けず、限定注入や水中打設が容易にできる。
【0045】
本発明の可塑性軽量注入材は、注入を現場箇所で行い、瞬時にゲル化させて、所望する注入箇所に限定注入するのに適した可塑性をもたらすフロー値と密度、すなわちフロー値80〜150mm、好適には80〜120mm、密度0.3〜1.2g/cm3 を有することが望ましい。フロー値は、日本道路公団規格「エアモルタル及びエアミルクの試験方法(JHSA313−1992)」のコンシステンシー試験方法のシリンダー法に準拠して測定された値であって、内径8cm、高さ8cmのシリンダーに試料を入れて、引き抜き後の試料底面の直径を測定した値で表す。
【0046】
【実施例】
本発明を次の実施例により説明するが、これらに限定されるものではない。
(1)起泡剤の調製
界面活性剤(A)としてアニオン界面活性剤(アルファオレフィンスルホン酸ナトリウム、商品名「リボランLB−440」、ライオン(株)製)、可塑剤成分(B)としてミリスチルアルコール(商品名「カルコール40」、花王(株)製)を用い、(A):(B)=5:1(純分重量比)として、本発明で使用する起泡剤▲1▼を調製した。またこの起泡剤▲1▼に、(A)と(B)以外のその他の主要成分としてアタパルジャイト(繊維状粘土鉱物)とピロリン酸ナトリウム(分散剤)とを混合した本発明で使用する起泡剤▲2▼も調製した。
【0047】
これらとは別に対照品として、可塑剤成分(B)を含まない起泡剤▲3▼、(A)と(B)以外のその他の主要成分としてアタパルジャイト、ポリビニルアルコール(水溶性高分子)、トリエタノールアミン(凝結硬化促進剤)、クエン酸(凝結硬化遅延剤)を種々組み合わせて混合した起泡剤▲4▼〜▲7▼を調製した。
これらの起泡剤▲1▼〜▲7▼について、界面活性剤(A)と可塑剤成分(B)以外のその他の主要成分を表1にまとめて示す。なお、その他の主要成分の混合割合[(A)と(B)の合計100重量部に対する純分の重量比]は、表1中の各成分の後に記載した括弧内の数字で示してある。
これら起泡剤を用いて、発泡装置により発泡倍率25倍の気泡を作製した。
【0048】
【表1】

Figure 0004438301
【0049】
(2)硬化液の調製
セメントミルクからなる硬化液は、セメント(住友大阪セメント(株)製高炉セメントB種、密度3.05g/cm3 )と混練水とを表2の配合1と配合2に示す割合で配合して、ハンドミキサーで2分間混練して調製した。一方、モルタルからなる硬化液は、セメントと砂(密度2.65g/cm3 、5mm以下に篩をかけたもの)と混練水とを表2の配合3〜17に示す割合で配合して、ハンドミキサーで2分間混練して調製した。
【0050】
【表2】
Figure 0004438301
【0051】
(3)水溶性高分子の調製
ポリビニルアルコール(製品名「ポバールJF−04」、日本酢ビ・ポバール(株)製)5kgを攪拌した水5kgに投入し、加熱溶解して水溶性高分子溶液を調製した。
【0052】
(4)凝結硬化促進剤の調製
トリエタノールアミン(日本純薬(株)製)を、そのまま使用した。
(5)凝結硬化遅延剤の調製
クエン酸(試薬、和光純薬(株)製)5kgを攪拌した水5kgに投入し、溶解させて遅延剤水溶液を調製した。
【0053】
(6)注入材の調製
上記(1)で得られた気泡と、上記(2)で得られた硬化液(セメントミルク又はモルタル)と、上記(3)(4)(5)で得られた水溶性高分子、凝結硬化促進剤、凝結硬化遅延剤を、表2に示すような配合1〜17になるように、ハンドミキサーにて撹拌混合し、それぞれ注入材(エアミルク、エアモルタル)を得た。
【0054】
このとき、表1に示した起泡剤▲1▼〜▲7▼と表2に示した配合1〜17を種々に組み合わせて種々の注入材を調製し、表3に示す実施例1〜15、比較例1〜7の注入材とした。
ここで、比較例1〜3は、起泡剤成分中にも注入材成分中にも、水溶性高分子及び凝結硬化促進剤のいずれも含まれないものである。比較例4〜7は、起泡剤成分中に水溶性高分子及び/又は凝結硬化促進剤を含むものである。
【0055】
(7)注入材の試験
上記(6)で得られた注入材(エアミルク、エアモルタル)を以下の試験に供した。
(a)フロー値
日本道路公団規格「エアモルタル及びエアミルクの試験方法(JHSA313−1992)」のコンシステンシー試験方法のシリンダー法に準拠して、内径8cm、高さ8cmのシリンダーに、上記(6)で得られた各種注入材試料を入れて、引き抜き後の試料底面の直径を測定し、その値をフロー値とした。結果を表3に示す。
(b)密度
内容量1000cm3 の計量用カップに上記(6)で得られた各種注入材試料を充填して、1000cm3 当りの重量を計測し、密度を算出した。結果を表3に示す。
【0056】
(c)水中分離抵抗性試験
日本道路公団「覆工背面空洞注入材の適応性確認試験方法(案)」の水中分離抵抗性試験に準拠して、密度が1以上のエアミルク、エアモルタルの場合は、長さ450mm程度、幅300mm程度、高さ300mm程度の水槽にpHが7〜8程度の水道水を26L(リットル)張り、水槽の中にpH計の設置位置が水面から10cmの深さとなるようにpH計を設置し、内径80mm、高さ80mmのフローコーンに上記(6)で得られた各種注入材試料を入れ、水槽内にフローコーンを入れ、素早くフローコーンを除去して、注入材を水槽に投入する前及び投入後60分経過後のpHの測定、さらには注入材の状態を観察した。
また、密度が1以下のエアミルク、エアモルタルの場合は、長さ450mm程度、幅300mm程度、高さ300mm程度の水槽にpHが7〜8程度の水道水を26L張り、水槽の中にpH計の設置位置が水面から10cmの深さとなるようにpH計を設置し、約100mLの容器に上記(6)で得られた各種注入材試料を入れ、容器を逆さにして水面に注入材を静かに乗せ、水面に乗せる前及び乗せた後60分経過後のpHの測定、さらには注入材の状態を観察した。
結果を表3に示す。
【0057】
(d)軽量注入材の可塑性の評価
軽量注入材の可塑性の評価は、密度とフロー値から、以下の基準で行った。
評価結果を表3に示す。
◎:密度が0.3〜1.2g/cm3 でかつフロー値が80〜120mm
○:密度が0.3〜1.2g/cm3 でかつフロー値が120超〜140mm
△:密度が0.3〜1.2g/cm3 でかつフロー値が140超〜150mm
×:密度が1.2g/cm3 超又はフロー値が150mm超
【0058】
(e)水中分離抵抗性の評価
水中分離抵抗性としての評価は、投入前と60分経過後のpH測定値から、以下の基準で行った。評価結果を表3に示す。
○:投入前と60分経過後のpH測定比率が±10%以内
×:投入前と60分経過後のpH測定比率が±10%超
【0059】
(f)水槽内又は水面上での注入材の評価
水槽内又は水面上での注入材の評価は、60分経過後の注入材の状態から以下の基準で行った。評価結果を表3に示す。
○:60分経過後に注入材の原型がある
△:60分経過後に注入材の原型があるが少し崩壊している
×:60分経過後に注入材が崩壊している
【0060】
【表3】
Figure 0004438301
【0061】
【発明の効果】
以上の説明からわかるように本発明によれば、水溶性高分子及び/又は凝結硬化促進剤を、起泡剤成分中に混合することなく、セメントを含む硬化液と起泡剤から得た気泡とともに注入材成分として別個に混合させることにより、軽量で、瞬時にゲル化することができ、地下水や流水の影響を受けることなく優れた耐溶出性、形状維持性などの水中分離抵抗性を備えた、限定注入や水中打設が容易にできる可塑性軽量注入材を提供することができる。
また、本発明の可塑性軽量注入材の製造方法は、上記した可塑性軽量注入材を簡便にかつ経済的に製造することができる。
更に、本発明の可塑性軽量注入材の充填工法は、迅速な限定注入や水中打設を効果的に実施することができるものである。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a plastic light weight injection material, a method for producing the same, and a filling method thereof, and more particularly, a plastic light weight injection that can be used for filling a cavity of a civil engineering structure, light weight embankment, landfill, etc. Manufacturing method of wood and It relates to the filling method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, cement-based injection materials such as cement milk and cement air milk have been known as injection materials to be injected into civil engineering structures such as tunnels, landfills, and embankments. It is injected into a place where it is desired to fill and solidifies.
[0003]
However, when an injection material is introduced into the injection part, if a liquid such as ground water or running water is present in the cavity of the portion to be filled, the injected injection material may be diluted by the ground water or running water.
In addition, when the injection material is sectionally injected with the injection portion limited, a normal cement milk-based injection material causes a deviation of the injection material to a peripheral portion other than the injection section, and thus limited injection is difficult. .
[0004]
In order to prevent such dilution and deviation to the peripheral part, the injection material is gelled and is not diluted into groundwater or running water, and it does not deviate to the peripheral part due to its shape maintenance. There is a demand for an injection material having a property, and a water glass chemical or aluminum salt is added to cement milk or cement air milk to impart such a property to the injection material.
[0005]
The injection material to which the above water glass chemical is added has poor durability because unreacted sodium ions in the water glass are eluted by water such as ground water and running water, and becomes highly alkaline, so that contamination becomes a problem.
Moreover, since the injection material to which aluminum salts are added is expensive in aluminum, the injection material to which aluminum is added is also expensive, and unreacted anions are eluted, resulting in poor durability, and further due to anions. Contamination of groundwater becomes a problem.
[0006]
With respect to these problems, Patent Document 1 discloses a plastic injection material obtained by stirring and mixing cement milk or cement air milk with bentonite mud water.
Patent Document 2 discloses an injection material containing bubbles in cement, bentonite and water or cement, bentonite and water.
[0007]
However, clay minerals such as bentonite, which is a plastic material used in the injection material of the above-mentioned patent document, have a high swelling property with respect to water and require a considerable amount of water to prepare muddy water. Since it is not possible to secure a sufficient volume for mixing foam beads or the like, it is difficult to reduce the weight of the injection material.
[0008]
In addition, in order to obtain the above-mentioned injection material, bentonite mud water and cement milk are separately prepared in advance in order to prevent the components in bentonite from easily reacting with the calcium component eluted from the cement and not to swell. In addition, it is prepared by a manufacturing method in which bentonite is sufficiently swollen and then mixed with cement milk, and it is necessary to separately manufacture two liquids of cement milk and bentonite mud water. Are required, and the manufacturing cost is expensive.
[0009]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 11-310779 A
[Patent Document 2]
JP 2000-54794 A
[0010]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The object of the present invention is lightweight, can be instantly gelled, and has excellent resistance to elution and shape retention without being affected by groundwater or running water. Plastic lightweight injection material that can be easily placed Manufacturing method and filling method Is to provide.
In the present specification, the term “plasticity” means a state of gelled aggregate without being diluted in groundwater or running water, and due to its shape imparting property, it is difficult for deviation to the surroundings to occur. It means that.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors prepared a plastic lightweight injection material by mixing and stirring a hardening liquid containing cement and kneaded water and bubbles obtained by foaming a foaming agent mainly composed of a surfactant. When water-soluble polymer and / or setting / curing accelerator is prepared separately and mixed in the above injection material, it can be separated into water such as excellent elution resistance and shape maintenance without being affected by groundwater or running water. The present inventors have found that a plastic lightweight injection material having resistance can be obtained.
[0013]
That is, the invention of claim 1 includes a hardening liquid containing cement and kneaded water, and a surfactant as a main component. And plasticizer component Bubbles obtained by foaming the foamed agent, a water-soluble polymer and / or a set hardening accelerator, Are prepared separately, and then the above components are mixed and stirred to instantly gel. Plastic lightweight injection material characterized by Manufacturing method It is.
The invention according to claim 2 is the plastic lightweight injection material according to claim 1 Manufacturing method The concentration of the water-soluble polymer in the injection material is in the range of 0.01 to 10% by weight Prepare the above water-soluble polymer so that It is characterized by this.
[0014]
The invention according to claim 3 is the plastic light weight injection material according to claim 1 or 2. Manufacturing method , The concentration of the setting and hardening accelerator in the injection material is in the range of 0.01 to 10% by weight Prepare the above set hardening accelerator so that It is characterized by this.
The invention according to claim 4 is the plastic light weight injection material according to claim 1 or 3. Manufacturing method In the injection material the above In addition to the setting / curing accelerator, a setting / curing retarder is further mixed in a concentration of 0.01 to 10% by weight in the injection material.
[0015]
The invention of claim 5 is characterized in that, in the method for producing a plastic light weight injection material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, the hardening liquid containing the cement and the kneaded water further contains an aggregate.
Invention of Claim 6 in the manufacturing method of the plastic lightweight injection material of any one of Claims 1-5, In the above foaming agent So that the concentration of the plasticizer component is 0.01 to 10% by weight. The above foaming agent And the above plasticizer component.
[0016]
The invention of claim 7 is the injection site location, Claim 1 to 6 It is a filling method of a plastic light weight injection material, characterized in that a plastic light weight injection material obtained by mixing and stirring the above components and instantly gelling is filled into an injection site.
[0017]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to preferred embodiments, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
[0018]
Examples of the hardening liquid containing cement and kneading water used in the present invention include cement milk obtained by mixing cement and kneading water, mortar obtained by mixing cement, aggregate and kneading water, and the like. If calcium ion elutes in the said hardening | curing liquid and it has sclerosis | hardenability in the liquid itself, it will not specifically limit, Arbitrary things can be used.
[0019]
There are no particular restrictions on the type of aggregate, ordinary sand (river sand, mountain sand, sea sand, crushed stone powder, etc., particle size of 5 mm or less), admixture (blast furnace slag fine powder, fly Ash, silica fume, etc.) limestone and limestone fine powder, silica-based fine powder, clay mineral (bentonite, kaolin, attapulgite, etc.) crushed stone, silica sand, lightweight aggregate (perlite, shirasu balloon, etc.), locally generated soil, and the like.
Therefore, fluidized soil obtained by adjusting the amount of treated mud water including locally generated soil such as cohesive soil and blending it with cement or bentonite mud blended with cement, etc. also fall under this hardening liquid. To do.
Examples of the kneaded water include tap water, groundwater, seawater and the like.
[0020]
As the cement that can be used in the present invention, various portland cements such as normal, early strength, white color, sulfuric acid resistance, moderate heat, low heat, etc., at least one of the portland cements and at least one of blast furnace slag, fly ash, etc. There are mixed cement, special cement such as jet cement, alumina cement, and cement-based solidified material.
[0021]
Various cement admixtures can be used in combination with the hardening liquid containing cement as necessary. These cement admixtures can be used as long as they do not affect the plasticity of the obtained injection material.
Specifically, known cement dispersants (lignin, melamine, naphthalene, etc.), shrinkage reducing agents (lower alcohol, etc.), water repellents (higher fatty acids, etc.), quick setting agents (calcium aluminate, etc.), Examples include blast furnace slag, silica fume, gypsum, and volcanic ash.
For example, by adding an admixture such as a water reducing agent, the unit water content in the hardening liquid containing cement can be reduced, and the amount of cement contained can be adjusted. Can be expanded.
[0022]
The foaming agent used in the present invention contains a surfactant as a main component, and a plasticizer component can be blended therein. The concentration of the plasticizer component in the foaming agent is 0.01 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 5% by weight at the time of use, so that an injection material having the expected plasticity can be obtained. Is desirable. When the concentration of the plasticizer component is less than 0.01% by weight, there is no effect of having plasticity, and when it exceeds 10% by weight, the plasticity is too strong and the bubbles are erased.
Here, the term “in use” refers to a concentration immediately before foaming bubbles by preparing a foaming agent and diluting the obtained foaming agent, for example, 1 to 200 times.
[0023]
As the surfactant which is the main component of the foaming agent used in the present invention, a hydrocarbon surfactant, a protein surfactant or a mixture of both can be preferably used. As the hydrocarbon surfactant, an anionic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant, a cationic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant and the like can be used, and as the protein surfactant, keratin, collagen and the like can be used. These surfactants can be used alone or in combination. Moreover, there is no problem even if a commercially available foam mortar foaming agent comprising a hydrocarbon or protein surfactant is used as a surfactant supply source in the foaming agent.
[0024]
A surfactant that can be suitably used is an anionic surfactant. An anionic surfactant is a component necessary for producing bubbles by an anion generated by dissociation in water being adsorbed on the surface of an aqueous solution and reducing its surface tension. For example, carboxylates such as RCOONa, ROSO Three Sulfate ester salts such as Na, RSO Three Sulfonates such as Na, ROPO (ONa) 2 Known anionic surfactants such as phosphate ester salts can be used.
[0025]
Specifically, the anionic surfactants include alkyl sulfates, ester salts such as polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfates, alkylbenzene sulfonic acids and salts thereof, alkyl sulfonates, sulfosuccinates, N-acyl alkyl taurines. Salts, sulfonates such as alpha olefin sulfonates, carboxylates such as polyoxyethylene alkyl ether carboxylates and fatty acid salts.
[0026]
Plasticizer components to be blended in the foaming agent include higher alcohols such as lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol and cetyl alcohol, fatty acids such as lauric acid, myristic acid and stearic acid, cellulose derivatives such as methylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyallylamine. , Water-soluble polymers such as polyethyleneimine and sodium alginate, protein thickeners such as gelatin and casein, synthetic thickeners such as sodium polyacrylate and sodium starch glycolate, guar gum, gum arabic, carrageenan, alginic acid, Natural thickeners such as curdlan and pectin, plants such as pectin, chitin and chitosan, crustacean extracts, alkenyl succinic acid, carboxylic acid surfactants such as amino acid surfactants consisting of amino acids and fatty acids, chlorination Such as calcium Elemental compounds, nitrates, nitrites, thiocyanates, amines such as diethanolamine and triethanolamine, calcium salts of organic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, and acrylic acid, inorganic salts such as water glass chemicals and aluminum salts, etc. May be added. These plasticizer components can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
[0027]
In order to strengthen plasticity, a clay mineral can be mix | blended with a foaming agent as needed. The concentration of the clay mineral at the time of use is preferably 1 to 40% by weight, and preferably 5 to 20% by weight from the viewpoint of obtaining an injection material having the expected plasticity. If the concentration of the clay mineral is less than 1% by weight, there is no effect of having plasticity, and if it exceeds 40% by weight, the plasticity is too strong and the bubbles disappear.
[0028]
Furthermore, in order to improve the dispersibility of the clay mineral, a dispersant can be further blended as necessary. The concentration of the dispersant is preferably 0.1 to 10% by weight at the time of use from the viewpoint of obtaining the expected clay mineral dispersibility. If the concentration of the dispersant is less than 0.1% by weight, the dispersion effect of the clay mineral cannot be sufficiently obtained, and even if added exceeding 10% by weight, the dispersibility of the clay mineral is not improved, and the price is also low. It becomes an expensive foaming agent.
[0029]
Clay minerals blended with foaming agents include kaolin minerals, serpentine and related minerals, pyrophyllite, talc, mica clay minerals, chlorite, vermiculite, smectite, bentonite and other layered clay minerals, sepiolite, attapulgite, etc. Fibrous clay minerals, amorphous clay minerals such as allophane and imogolite, silica minerals, feldspar, zeolite, dolomite, and the like, and fired products thereof such as metakaolin and metahalloysite are also included. These clay minerals can be used alone or in combination.
Among these, particularly preferred clay minerals include bentonite, attapulgite and metakaolin.
[0030]
Dispersing agents incorporated in the foaming agent include lignin, melamine, naphthalene, polycarboxylic acid, phosphate, citric acid, humic acid, sulfonic acid and humic derivatives, tannic acid Examples thereof include salts and tannin derivatives, sodium acrylate, and the like, and there is no problem even if these are used in combination.
[0031]
Furthermore, for the foaming agent of the present invention, sodium salt (sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, etc.), potassium salt (potassium sulfate etc.), magnesium salt (magnesium sulfate etc.), calcium salt (calcium sulfate etc.), etc. Water-soluble inorganic metal salts, cellosolve solvents (methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, butyl cellosolve, etc.), carbitols (ethyl carbitol, butyl carbitol, etc.), polyoxyethylene lower alkyl having 3 to 10 added moles of ethylene oxide Water-soluble organic solvents such as ethers and diols (ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, etc.), water reducing agents such as polycarboxylic acids, lignins, sulfamines, naphthalenesulphonic acids, alkyl sulfates, etc. may be used in combination. In particular, the water-soluble organic solvent has an effect of smoothing bubbles and suppressing the generation of coarse bubbles in cement milk.
[0032]
In mixing the foam obtained by foaming the foaming agent with a hardening liquid containing cement and kneading water, the foaming agent may be in the form of an aqueous solution using a water-soluble organic solvent in advance, The dilution ratio is about 1 to 100 times.
[0033]
The foaming ratio when foaming the foaming agent is preferably 1 to 200 times, preferably 15 to 100 times, in order to develop the plasticity of the plastic lightweight injection material of the present invention. In order to foam the foaming agent into bubbles, a normal method of foaming using a foaming device or a mixer can be employed.
[0034]
Bubbles obtained by foaming the foaming agent are prepared separately from the hardening liquid containing cement and kneaded water, and then have a function of instantly gelling them by mixing and stirring them. It is desirable that the amount of bubbles mixed is 15 to 85%, preferably 40 to 60%, with respect to the volume of the plastic lightweight injection material. When the number of bubbles is larger than the above range, the amount of cement in the obtained plastic light weight injection material is reduced, so that the curability may be insufficient. On the other hand, if the amount is less than the above range, material separation in which the mixed bubbles are separated from the material tends to occur, such being undesirable. The amount of such bubbles mixed can be changed depending on the type of the curable liquid.
[0035]
The water-soluble polymer used in the plastic light weight injection material of the present invention is blended in order to improve the underwater separation resistance of the injection material, and the concentration in the injection material when using the injection material is 0.01. It is desirable that the content is from 10 to 10% by weight, and preferably from 0.1 to 1% by weight, from the viewpoint of improving expected separation resistance in water. When the concentration of the water-soluble polymer is less than 0.01% by weight, it is difficult to obtain the expected effect, and when it exceeds 10% by weight, the water separation resistance is too strong and the bubbles tend to disappear.
[0036]
Examples of water-soluble polymers blended in the plastic lightweight injection material include chemically synthesized polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethyleneimine, and polyallylamine, glycols such as polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol, methylcellulose, and ethylcellulose. Cellulosic polymers such as derivatives, acrylic polymers such as polyacrylamide and sodium polyacrylate, protein thickeners such as gelatin and casein, synthetic thickeners such as sodium polyacrylate and sodium starch glycolate, Examples thereof include natural thickeners such as guar gum, gum arabic, carrageenan, alginic acid, curdlan and pectin, plants such as pectin, chitin and chitosan, and crustacean extracts. Of these water-soluble polymers, those in powder form are used as aqueous solutions, and those in liquid form are used as they are or diluted with water.
Among these, particularly preferable water-soluble polymers include polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol.
[0037]
The setting and hardening accelerator used in the plastic light weight injection material of the present invention promotes the setting and hardening of the plastic light weight injection material by accelerating the hydration reaction of the cement, and improves the water separation resistance of the injection material. It is blended, and the concentration in the injection material when using the injection material is 0.01 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 1% by weight, which improves expected separation resistance in water Desirable in terms. When the concentration of the setting accelerator is less than 0.01% by weight, it is difficult to obtain the expected effect, and when it exceeds 10% by weight, the strength is developed so quickly that the bubbles tend to disappear.
[0038]
Condensation hardening accelerators blended in plastic light weight injection materials include chlorine compounds represented by calcium chloride, nitrates, nitrites and thiocyanates in inorganic salt systems, and diethanolamine and triethanolamine in organic salt systems. And calcium salts of organic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid and acrylic acid. As these set hardening accelerators, those in powder form are used as an aqueous solution, and those in liquid form are used as they are or diluted with water.
Of these, calcium chloride and triethanolamine are particularly preferred accelerators.
[0039]
The setting and curing retarder used in the plastic light weight injection material of the present invention is to adjust the setting and hardening by the above accelerator by delaying the setting and hardening of the plastic light weight injection material by delaying the hydration reaction of the cement. Therefore, it is used in combination with a setting / curing accelerator if necessary. The concentration in the case of using a setting / hardening retarder is 0.01 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 1% by weight, in the injected material when the injected material is used. If the concentration of the retarder is less than 0.01% by weight, it is difficult to obtain the expected effect, and if it exceeds 10% by weight, the setting and hardening of the cement is too weak and the bubbles tend to disappear.
[0040]
In the organic system, the setting and curing retarder compounded as necessary in the plastic lightweight injection material is lignin sulfonic acid, gluconate, polyol polymer complex, organic acids such as lactic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, gluconic acid, Sugars such as glucose, sucrose, sorbitol, and pentaesitol, and inorganic substances include silicofluoride, phosphate, zinc oxide, zinc chloride, lead oxide, boron oxide, and borax. These set curing retarders are also used in the form of powder as an aqueous solution, and the liquid one is used as it is or diluted with water.
Among these, particularly preferable setting and curing retarders include lignin sulfonic acid and organic acid.
[0041]
The plastic light weight of the present invention is obtained by mixing and stirring a hardening liquid containing cement and kneaded water as described above, bubbles obtained by foaming a foaming agent, and a water-soluble polymer and / or a setting hardening accelerator. It can be an injection material.
Such a plastic light weight injection material is prepared by preparing a hardening liquid containing cement and kneaded water, and separately adding a surfactant and a plasticizer component to water, etc., and a clay mineral and a dispersing agent as necessary. The foaming agent obtained by dissolution and dispersion is foamed to prepare bubbles, and separately from this, a water-soluble polymer and / or a coagulation hardening accelerator is prepared. And a water-soluble polymer and / or a setting / curing accelerator can be mixed and stirred to be instantly gelled.
[0042]
As described above, in the present invention, the water-soluble polymer, the setting / hardening accelerator, and the setting / hardening retarder, which are components for improving the water separation resistance of the injection material, are separated from the hardening liquid and foaming agent containing cement. In addition, it is necessary to mix as an injection material component. When water-soluble polymers, setting / curing accelerators, and setting / setting retarders are used as ingredients in hardeners containing cement or foaming agents, the expected effect of improving the water separation resistance of the injected material is obtained. I can't.
[0043]
Further, in the present invention, as a result of using a production method in which a hardening solution containing cement and kneaded water, bubbles, a water-soluble polymer and / or a setting hardening accelerator can be mixed and stirred, cement milk or cement air milk and bentonite can be used. Compared with a conventional method for producing a plastic lightweight injection material in which two liquids of muddy water are separately produced and then mixed and stirred, it is possible to reduce the production series of mixers and the like, and to suppress an increase in production cost.
[0044]
In the filling injection of the plastic light weight injection material of the present invention, mixing and stirring of the hardening liquid containing the cement and the kneading water, the bubbles, the water-soluble polymer and / or the setting hardening accelerator is performed at the injection site to instantly gel. By filling the plastic light weight injection material obtained in this way into the desired injection site, it is excellent in durability and can be instantly gelled, and it is not affected by groundwater or flowing water, and limited injection or underwater placement is possible. Easy to do.
[0045]
The plastic light weight injecting material of the present invention is injected at an in-situ location, gelled instantaneously, and provides a flow value and density suitable for limited injection at a desired injecting location, that is, a flow value of 80 to 150 mm, Preferably 80-120mm, density 0.3-1.2g / cm Three It is desirable to have The flow value is a value measured according to the cylinder method of the consistency test method of the Japan Highway Public Corporation Standard “Testing Method of Air Mortar and Air Milk (JHSA 313-1992)”, and is a cylinder having an inner diameter of 8 cm and a height of 8 cm. The sample is put into, and the diameter of the bottom surface of the sample after drawing is expressed as a measured value.
[0046]
【Example】
The invention is illustrated by the following examples without however being limited thereto.
(1) Preparation of foaming agent
Anionic surfactant (sodium alpha olefin sulfonate, trade name “Ribolaan LB-440”, manufactured by Lion Corporation) as surfactant (A), and myristyl alcohol (trade name “Calcoal 40”) as plasticizer component (B) The foaming agent (1) used in the present invention was prepared as (A) :( B) = 5: 1 (pure weight ratio). In addition, the foaming agent used in the present invention in which attapulgite (fibrous clay mineral) and sodium pyrophosphate (dispersing agent) are mixed with the foaming agent (1) as other main components other than (A) and (B). Agent (2) was also prepared.
[0047]
Apart from these, as a control product, a foaming agent (3) which does not contain the plasticizer component (B), attapulgite, polyvinyl alcohol (water-soluble polymer), tria as other main components other than (A) and (B) Foaming agents {circle around (4)} to {circle around (7)} were prepared by mixing ethanolamine (setting hardening accelerator) and citric acid (setting hardening retarder) in various combinations.
With respect to these foaming agents (1) to (7), other main components other than the surfactant (A) and the plasticizer component (B) are shown together in Table 1. In addition, the mixing ratio of other main components [weight ratio of pure component to the total of 100 parts by weight of (A) and (B)] is indicated by the numbers in parentheses described after each component in Table 1.
Using these foaming agents, bubbles with an expansion ratio of 25 times were produced by a foaming apparatus.
[0048]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004438301
[0049]
(2) Preparation of curable liquid
The hardening liquid consisting of cement milk is cement (type B blast furnace cement B, manufactured by Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co., Ltd., density 3.05 g / cm). Three ) And kneaded water in the proportions shown in Formulation 1 and Formulation 2 in Table 2, and kneaded for 2 minutes with a hand mixer. On the other hand, the hardening liquid composed of mortar is cement and sand (density 2.65 g / cm Three 5 mm or less sieved) and kneaded water were blended in the proportions shown in Formulations 3 to 17 in Table 2 and kneaded for 2 minutes with a hand mixer.
[0050]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004438301
[0051]
(3) Preparation of water-soluble polymer
5 kg of polyvinyl alcohol (product name “Poval JF-04”, manufactured by Nippon Vinegar Poval Co., Ltd.) was added to 5 kg of stirred water, and dissolved by heating to prepare a water-soluble polymer solution.
[0052]
(4) Preparation of setting hardening accelerator
Triethanolamine (manufactured by Nippon Pure Chemicals Co., Ltd.) was used as it was.
(5) Preparation of setting curing retarder
5 kg of citric acid (reagent, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was added to 5 kg of stirred water and dissolved to prepare a retarder aqueous solution.
[0053]
(6) Preparation of injection material
Air bubbles obtained in the above (1), the hardening liquid (cement milk or mortar) obtained in the above (2), the water-soluble polymer obtained in the above (3), (4) and (5), condensation hardening The accelerator and the setting / hardening retarder were stirred and mixed with a hand mixer so as to have the formulations 1 to 17 as shown in Table 2 to obtain injection materials (air milk and air mortar), respectively.
[0054]
At this time, various injection materials were prepared by variously combining the foaming agents (1) to (7) shown in Table 1 and the formulations 1 to 17 shown in Table 2, and Examples 1 to 15 shown in Table 3 were prepared. The injection materials of Comparative Examples 1 to 7 were used.
Here, in Comparative Examples 1 to 3, neither the water-soluble polymer nor the setting / curing accelerator is contained in the foaming agent component or the injection material component. In Comparative Examples 4 to 7, the foaming agent component contains a water-soluble polymer and / or a setting and hardening accelerator.
[0055]
(7) Injection material test
The injection material (air milk, air mortar) obtained in the above (6) was subjected to the following test.
(A) Flow value
In accordance with the cylinder method of the consistency test method of the Japan Highway Public Corporation Standard “Air Mortar and Air Milk Test Method (JHSA 313-1992)”, various cylinders obtained in (6) above were used in a cylinder having an inner diameter of 8 cm and a height of 8 cm. An injection material sample was put in, the diameter of the bottom surface of the sample after drawing was measured, and the value was taken as a flow value. The results are shown in Table 3.
(B) Density
Content 1000cm Three A measuring cup is filled with various injection material samples obtained in (6) above, Three The weight per unit was measured and the density was calculated. The results are shown in Table 3.
[0056]
(C) Underwater separation resistance test
In accordance with the underwater separation resistance test of Japan Road Public Corporation “Adaptation confirmation test method for backfill cavity injection material (draft)”, in the case of air milk and air mortar with a density of 1 or more, the length is about 450 mm and the width A 26-liter (liter) tap water with a pH of about 7-8 is placed in a water tank of about 300 mm and a height of about 300 mm, and the pH meter is installed in the water tank so that the position of the pH meter is 10 cm deep from the water surface. The various injection material samples obtained in (6) above are put into a flow cone having an inner diameter of 80 mm and a height of 80 mm, the flow cone is put into the water tank, the flow cone is quickly removed, and the injection material is put into the water tank. And the measurement of pH 60 minutes after addition and the state of the injected material were observed.
In the case of air milk or air mortar with a density of 1 or less, 26 L of tap water having a pH of about 7 to 8 is placed in a water tank having a length of about 450 mm, a width of about 300 mm, and a height of about 300 mm, and a pH meter in the water tank. Install a pH meter so that the installation position of the tube is at a depth of 10 cm from the water surface, put the various infusate samples obtained in (6) above into a container of about 100 mL, and turn the container upside down to gently place the infusate on the water surface. The sample was placed on the surface of the water, measured before and 60 minutes after being put on the water surface, and the state of the injected material was observed.
The results are shown in Table 3.
[0057]
(D) Evaluation of plasticity of lightweight injection material
The evaluation of the plasticity of the light weight injection material was performed according to the following criteria from the density and flow value.
The evaluation results are shown in Table 3.
A: Density is 0.3 to 1.2 g / cm Three And the flow value is 80-120mm
○: Density is 0.3 to 1.2 g / cm Three And the flow value is over 120 ~ 140mm
Δ: Density is 0.3 to 1.2 g / cm Three And the flow value is over 140 ~ 150mm
X: Density is 1.2 g / cm Three Super or flow value is over 150mm
[0058]
(E) Evaluation of resistance to separation in water
Evaluation as resistance to separation in water was performed according to the following criteria from the measured pH values before and after 60 minutes. The evaluation results are shown in Table 3.
○: The pH measurement ratio before input and after 60 minutes is within ± 10%
×: The pH measurement ratio before input and after 60 minutes has exceeded ± 10%
[0059]
(F) Evaluation of the injected material in the water tank or on the water surface
Evaluation of the injection material in the water tank or on the water surface was performed according to the following criteria from the state of the injection material after 60 minutes. The evaluation results are shown in Table 3.
○: After 60 minutes, there is a prototype of the injection material
Δ: After 60 minutes, there is a prototype of the injected material, but it is slightly collapsed
X: The injected material has collapsed after 60 minutes
[0060]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004438301
[0061]
【The invention's effect】
As can be seen from the above description, according to the present invention, the air bubbles obtained from the hardening liquid containing the cement and the foaming agent without mixing the water-soluble polymer and / or the setting hardening accelerator in the foaming agent component. In addition, by mixing separately as an injection material component, it is lightweight and can be instantly gelled, and it has excellent water separation resistance such as elution resistance and shape maintenance without being affected by groundwater or running water. In addition, it is possible to provide a plastic lightweight injection material that can be easily subjected to limited injection and underwater placement.
Moreover, the manufacturing method of the plastic lightweight injection material of this invention can manufacture the above-mentioned plastic lightweight injection material simply and economically.
Furthermore, the filling method of the plastic light weight injection material of this invention can implement a quick limited injection | pouring and underwater placing effectively.

Claims (7)

セメント及び混練水を含む硬化液と、界面活性剤を主成分とするとともに可塑剤成分を配合した起泡剤を発泡させて得られた気泡と、水溶性高分子及び/又は凝結硬化促進剤とを別個に調製し、次いで前記各成分を混合撹拌することにより瞬時にゲル化させることを特徴とする可塑性軽量注入材の製造方法A hardening liquid containing cement and kneaded water, bubbles obtained by foaming a foaming agent containing a surfactant as a main component and a plasticizer component , a water-soluble polymer and / or a setting hardening accelerator, A method for producing a plastic light weight injection material , characterized in that the above components are prepared separately and then each of the above components is mixed and stirred to instantly gel . 注入材中の水溶性高分子の濃度が0.01〜10重量%の範囲になるように、上記水溶性高分子を調製することを特徴とする請求項1記載の可塑性軽量注入材の製造方法2. The method for producing a plastic light weight injection material according to claim 1 , wherein the water-soluble polymer is prepared so that the concentration of the water-soluble polymer in the injection material is in the range of 0.01 to 10% by weight. . 注入材中の凝結硬化促進剤の濃度が0.01〜10重量%の範囲になるように、上記凝結硬化促進剤を調製することを特徴とする請求項1または2記載の可塑性軽量注入材の製造方法3. The plastic light weight injection material according to claim 1 , wherein the setting hardening accelerator is prepared so that a concentration of the setting hardening accelerator in the injection material is in a range of 0.01 to 10% by weight . Manufacturing method . 注入材中の上記凝結硬化促進剤とともに、注入材中の濃度が0.01〜10重量%の範囲で凝結硬化遅延剤をさらに混合したことを特徴とする請求項1または3記載の可塑性軽量注入材の製造方法Together with the condensation curing accelerator during injection material, according to claim 1 or 3 plastic lightweight injection according concentration in the injection material is characterized by being further mixed condensation curing retarder in the range of 0.01 to 10 wt% A method of manufacturing the material. 上記セメント及び混練水を含む硬化液が、さらに骨材を含むことを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか1項記載の可塑性軽量注入材の製造方法 The method for producing a plastic lightweight injection material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the hardening liquid containing the cement and the kneaded water further contains an aggregate. 上記起泡剤中の上記可塑剤成分の濃度が0.01〜10重量%となるように、上記起泡剤に上記可塑剤成分を配合することを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれか1項可塑性軽量注入材の製造方法。 The said plasticizer component is mix | blended with the said foaming agent so that the density | concentration of the said plasticizer component in the said foaming agent may be 0.01 to 10 weight%. 1. A method for producing a plastic lightweight injection material. 注入現場箇所において、請求項1ないし6のいずれかに記載の前記各成分を混合撹拌して瞬時にゲル化させて得られた可塑性軽量注入材を注入箇所へ充填することを特徴とする可塑性軽量注入材の充填工法。A plastic lightweight injection material filled with a plastic light weight injection material obtained by mixing and stirring the components according to any one of claims 1 to 6 and gelling instantaneously at an injection site. Injection material filling method.
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