JP4438070B2 - Energy conversion system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a novel energy conversion system.

  Conventional heat engines often produce high-pressure working fluid and do external work in the process of expanding it. Gasoline engines, diesel engines, steam turbines, etc. These heat engines required a high temperature fluid such as combustion gas to produce a high pressure working fluid. As a result, some of the combustion gases that had finished work were recovered, but most of them were discarded. Therefore, “the working fluid must receive heat from a high-temperature heat source, become high-temperature and high-pressure and flow to the heat engine to work, and the working fluid that has finished the work must be thrown away to the low-temperature side. % ". The boiler heats water or steam with high-temperature combustion gas at normal pressure to produce high-temperature and high-pressure steam. Thus, the boiler is a large heat exchanger.

According to the second law of thermodynamics, "heat cannot move from a cold object to a hot object by itself". In other words, “heat always moves from a hot object to a cold object. Heat transfer stops when both objects reach the same temperature”. Heat moves only depending on the temperature of the object, and is not related to the pressure of the object. Mechanical work is pressure dependent and temperature independent. Heat is necessary to increase the pressure of the working fluid and heat itself does not work. Therefore, the working fluid whose pressure has dropped is discarded while having a large amount of heat. The heat energy can theoretically be recovered 100% and transferred from a low-pressure working fluid to a high-pressure working fluid. In the actual machine, losses occur due to heat dissipation, friction, leakage, etc., so it does not reach 100%. However, these losses change depending on the production or material selection, so they are ignored, and the amount of heat that is thrown away in the exhaust is theoretically zero. The Carnot cycle is said to be the cycle with the highest thermal efficiency, but since heat recovery is not possible, the thermal efficiency is lower than the heat engine that can recover heat.
In the heat engine shown in the principle diagram (FIG. 9) together with the theory of “a heat engine in which the compression ratio and the expansion ratio can be independently selected” (Patent No. 3521183), the high-temperature cylinder and the expansion cylinder are integrally formed in one stroke. Only continuous operation was not possible. If this was made a separate cylinder for continuous operation, the vent valve between the high temperature cylinder and the expansion cylinder and its passage became longer, resulting in a dead space and lowering the thermal efficiency. Accordingly, as shown in the principle diagram, a high-temperature cylinder having a small diameter and an expansion cylinder having a large diameter are arranged in a straight line, and it is found that continuous operation can be performed if the preparation for the next stroke is completed for each stroke. It is a thing.

Japanese Patent No. 3521183

  The present invention aims to provide an energy conversion system with very low energy loss.

The invention according to claim 1 is an adiabatic expansion type heat engine having a triple cylinder as a basic configuration.
A system comprising an engine part and a heat exchanging part, piped to the engine part and the high pressure passage (87) of the heater (1) and the heat recovery heat exchanger (8) is defined as a high pressure part. (2) and the system connecting the low pressure section passage (86) of the heat exchanger (8) for heat recovery to the low pressure section, three cylinders are arranged in series in the engine section, and the middle of the operating chamber cylinder ( 20A), the first auxiliary cylinder (10A) and the second auxiliary cylinder (30A) are smaller than the inner diameter of the operating chamber cylinder and have the same inner diameter on both sides, and each cylinder is separated by a partition plate (17A, 18A, 37A, 38A) The partition plate is provided with a switching valve and an air passage, and is connected to an external pipe. The first auxiliary piston (11A), the operating chamber piston (21A), the second auxiliary piston (31A) in each cylinder (10A, 20A, 30A). ) Is 1 The piston shaft (3A) is connected to the piston link (9A) that changes the linear motion into a rotational motion, and is used as a rotational output. At the top dead center or bottom dead center of the piston, the switching valve (14A, 15A , 16A, 23A, 24A, 28A, 29A, 34A, 35A, 36A) are alternately opened and closed to switch the air passage, and the ratio of the operating fluid temperature at the heater outlet to the operating fluid temperature at the cooler outlet The temperature ratio is equal to the pressure ratio, and the output is changed by injecting or discharging the working fluid of the apparatus and changing the overall pressure. The heat recovery heat exchanger (8) is provided on both sides of the heat exchange plate (80). By making the volume per unit area larger than the high-pressure part and making the ratio the pressure ratio, the mass and heat of the working fluid are exchanged with the same amount, and the first auxiliary cylinder is exchanged in the first auxiliary cylinder. The first auxiliary chamber (12A) and the first preparation chamber (13A) are formed by the tons (11A), and the first operation chamber (22A) and the second operation are formed in the operation chamber cylinder by the operation chamber piston (21A). Chamber (27A) is formed, and the second auxiliary cylinder (32A) is formed in the second auxiliary cylinder by the second auxiliary piston (31A), and these six chambers are switched over. The two chambers are connected by opening and closing to create three operation areas, the piston opens and closes the switching valve at the top dead center, and the first operation chamber (22A) adjacent to the first preparation chamber (13A) is the first vent valve. (24A) is opened and connected, and the piston is lowered by the pressure receiving area difference between the first auxiliary piston (11A) and the working chamber piston (21A), and the working fluid in the first preparation chamber (13A) is transferred to the first working chamber (22A). ) While changing the adiabatic expansion, the second working chamber (27A) and the first auxiliary The auxiliary chamber (12A) is connected by opening the second exhaust valve (28A) and the first intake valve (14A), and the piston back pressure in the first operation chamber (22A) and the first preparation chamber (13A) changing in adiabaticity is reduced. The same pressure helps the heat insulation change, and the working fluid in the second working chamber (27A) passes through the low pressure passage (86) and the cooler (2) of the heat exchanger (8) for heat recovery to the first auxiliary chamber (12A). The second auxiliary chamber (33A) of the same cylinder as the second auxiliary chamber (32A) is connected by opening the second discharge valve (35A) and the second air supply valve (36A), and the second auxiliary piston (31A) ), The working fluid in the second auxiliary chamber (32A) is moved to the second preparation chamber (33A) through the high pressure passage (87) of the heat recovery heat exchanger (8) and the heater (1), and the piston The preparation for the next operation is completed at the bottom dead center, the switching valve that was open is closed, and the switching valve that was closed Open and change the configuration of the operation area, connect the second preparation chamber (33A) and the second operation chamber (27A), connect the first operation chamber (22A) and the second auxiliary chamber (32A), the first auxiliary The first adiabatic chamber (13A) of the same cylinder as the chamber (12A) is connected, the piston is raised by the same change as when the piston is lowered, the preparation for the next operation is completed at the top dead center of the piston, and the adiabatic expansion type is continuously operated It consists of a heat engine (see FIG. 1).

The invention according to claim 2 is an adiabatic shrinkage type engine, contrary to the invention according to claim 1, comprising an engine part and a heat exchanging part, the engine part, the heater (1), and for heat recovery. The system connecting the high pressure passage (87) of the heat exchanger (8) to the high pressure portion is a high pressure portion, and the engine portion and the cooler (2) and the low pressure passage (86) of the heat recovery heat exchanger (8) are piping. The system to be connected is a low pressure part, and three cylinders are arranged in series in the engine part. The middle is a working chamber cylinder (20B), the first auxiliary cylinder (20B) is larger than the working chamber cylinder inner diameter, and both sides have the same inner diameter. 10B), the second auxiliary cylinder (30B), and each cylinder is separated by a partition plate (17B, 18B, 37B, 38B). The partition plate is provided with a switching valve and an air passage, connected to external piping, and each cylinder ( 10B, 20B, 30B) The auxiliary piston (11B), the operating chamber piston (21B), and the second auxiliary piston (31B) are connected by a single piston shaft (3B), and the piston shaft is a piston link (9B) that converts linear motion into rotational motion. The switching valve (14B, 15B, 16B, 23B, 24B, 28B, 29B, 34B, 35B, 36B) is alternately opened and closed at the top dead center or bottom dead center of the piston to switch the air passage. The ratio of the working fluid temperature at the heater outlet to the working fluid temperature at the cooler outlet is the temperature ratio = pressure ratio of this system, and the output change causes the working fluid of the apparatus to be injected or discharged, thereby changing the overall pressure. In the heat recovery heat exchanger (8), the volume per unit area on both sides of the heat exchange plate (80) is made larger in the low pressure portion than in the high pressure portion, and the ratio is taken as the pressure ratio. Heat exchange with the same mass and heat quantity of the working fluid, the first auxiliary cylinder (12B) and the first auxiliary chamber (12B) and the first preparation chamber (13B) are formed in the first auxiliary cylinder, The first working chamber (22B) and the second working chamber (27B) are formed in the working chamber cylinder by the working chamber piston (21B), and the second auxiliary piston (31B) in the second auxiliary cylinder (second). The preparation chamber (33B) and the second auxiliary chamber (32B) are formed, and the six chambers are connected by opening and closing the switching valve to create three operating areas. The piston opens and closes the switching valve at the top dead center. Then, the first operation chamber (22B) adjacent to the first preparation chamber (13B) is connected by opening the first vent valve (24B), and the first auxiliary chamber (12B) is higher in pressure than the first preparation chamber (13B). And the working fluid in the first preparation chamber (13B) is changed to the first working chamber (22B). The first operating chamber is changed in adiabatic state by connecting the second operating chamber (27B) and the first auxiliary chamber (12B) by opening the second exhaust valve (28B) and the first suction valve (14B). (22B) and the first preparatory chamber (13B) with the same piston back pressure and help adiabatic change, and by lowering the piston by the pressure receiving area difference between the first auxiliary piston (11B) and the operating chamber piston (21B), The working fluid in the second working chamber (27B) is moved to the first auxiliary chamber (12B) through the high pressure passage (87) and the heater (1) of the heat exchanger (8) for heat recovery, and the second auxiliary chamber ( 32B) is connected to the second preparatory chamber (33B) of the same cylinder as the second discharge chamber (35B) and the second air supply valve (36B) by the second auxiliary piston (31B). 32B) the working fluid in the low pressure section passage (86) of the heat recovery heat exchanger (8). And move to the second preparation chamber (33B) through the cooler (2), complete the preparation for the next operation at the bottom dead center of the piston, close the open switching valve, open the closed switching valve and operate The configuration of the area is changed, the second preparation chamber (33B) and the second operation chamber (27B) are connected, the first operation chamber (22B) and the second auxiliary chamber (32B) are connected, and the first auxiliary chamber (12B From the adiabatic contraction type heat engine that continuously operates by connecting the first preparation chamber (13B) of the same cylinder as in (1) and raising the piston by the same change as when the piston is lowered, completing the preparation for the next operation at the top dead center of the piston. (Refer to FIG. 2).

According to the third aspect of the present invention, the auxiliary chamber, the preparation chamber, and the operation chamber, which are the basis of the triple cylinder engine section of the first aspect, are made into a dual cylinder, and a plurality of engine sections are linked. However, the engine part and the heat exchange part are provided, and the system connecting the engine part, the high pressure passage (87) of the heater (1) and the heat recovery heat exchanger (8) by piping is defined as a high pressure part. The system connecting the low pressure section passage (86) of the cooler (2) and the heat recovery heat exchanger (8) with a pipe is a low pressure section, and the engine section has an inner diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the operating chamber cylinder (20a) and the operating chamber cylinder. The auxiliary cylinder (10a) is arranged in series, both sides of the auxiliary cylinder are separated by a partition plate (17a, 18a), a switching valve and a ventilation path are provided on the partition plate and connected to an external pipe, and each cylinder (10a, 20a) auxiliary piston (11a The working chamber piston (21a) is connected by a single piston shaft (3a), and the working chamber piston has a piston link that changes the linear motion of the piston into a rotational motion and serves as a rotational output. At the point, the switching valves (14a, 15a, 16a, 23a, 24a) are alternately opened and closed, the air passage is switched, and the ratio of the operating fluid temperature at the heater outlet to the operating fluid temperature at the cooler outlet is the temperature ratio of this system. = Pressure ratio, output change is performed by injecting or discharging the working fluid of the apparatus and changing the overall pressure, and the heat recovery heat exchanger (8) is per unit area on both sides of the heat exchange plate (80). The volume of the low-pressure part is made larger than the high-pressure part, and the ratio is set to the pressure ratio to exchange heat with the same amount of mass and heat of the working fluid, and the auxiliary cylinder is prepared with the auxiliary chamber (12a) by the auxiliary piston. (13a), the working chamber cylinder is the working chamber (22a), the switching valve is opened and closed at the top dead center of the piston, and the working chamber (22a) adjacent to the preparation chamber (13a) is a vent valve (24a). The auxiliary piston (11a) and the working chamber piston (21a) are lowered by the pressure receiving area difference, and the high pressure working fluid in the preparation chamber (13a) is adiabatically expanded and changed in the working chamber (22a). The auxiliary chamber (12a) opens the suction valve (14a) to connect to the low pressure section, and the working fluid is transferred to the low pressure section passage (86) and the cooler (8) of the heat exchanger for heat recovery (8). 2) Move from the low pressure part to the auxiliary chamber (12a) through 2), open and close the switching valve at the bottom dead center of the piston, close the switching valve that was open, open the switching valve that was closed, and change the configuration of the operating area to assist Room (12a) and preparation room (13a) The discharge valve (15a) and the air supply valve (16a) are opened and connected, connected to the high pressure section, and the auxiliary piston (11a) is lifted to transfer the working fluid in the auxiliary chamber (12a) to the heat recovery heat exchanger (8). The high pressure section passage (87) and the heater (1) are moved from the high pressure section to the preparation chamber (13a), and the working chamber (22a) opens the exhaust valve (23a) to move the working fluid to the low pressure section. Complete one cycle at the top dead center, close the open switching valve, open the closed switching valve, change the configuration of the operating area, and create multiple engine units. The piston shafts are linked by a link so as to move up and down with a time difference of 1 cycle / the number of piston shafts, and the working fluid moves from a common high-pressure part to each of the preparation chambers of a plurality of engine parts. Multiple engines from the department Working fluid is moved to the storage chamber parts, characterized by comprising the adiabatic expansion heat engine (see Figure 3).

The invention according to claim 4 is an expansion of the invention according to claim 3 as a contraction engine, and comprises an engine part and a heat exchange part, the engine part and the heater (1), and a heat recovery heat exchanger. A system in which the system connecting the high-pressure section passage (87) in (8) is connected to the high-pressure section and the engine section, the cooler (2), and the low-pressure section passage (86) in the heat recovery heat exchanger (8) are connected by piping. Is the low pressure part, and the engine part is arranged in series with the operating chamber cylinder (20b) and the auxiliary cylinder (10b) having an inner diameter larger than the inner diameter of the operating chamber cylinder, and the both sides of the auxiliary cylinder are separated by partition plates (17b, 18b). The partition plate is provided with a switching valve and an air passage, and is connected to an external pipe. The auxiliary piston (11b) and the operating chamber piston (21b) of each cylinder (10b, 20b) are connected by a single piston shaft (3b). And the operating chamber piston A piston link that changes the linear motion of the stone into a rotational motion is provided, which is used as a rotational output, and the switching valves (14b, 15b, 16b, 23b, 24b) are alternately opened and closed at the top dead center or bottom dead center of the piston, Switch, the ratio of the working fluid temperature at the heater outlet to the working fluid temperature at the cooler outlet is the temperature ratio = pressure ratio of this system, and the output change will cause the working fluid of the device to be injected or discharged to change the overall pressure In the heat recovery heat exchanger (8), the volume per unit area on both sides of the heat exchange plate (80) is made larger in the low pressure portion than in the high pressure portion, and the ratio is taken as the pressure ratio. The heat exchange is performed with the same amount of heat, and the auxiliary chamber (12b) and the preparation chamber (13b) are formed by the auxiliary piston in the auxiliary cylinder, the operation chamber (22b) is formed in the operation chamber cylinder, and at the piston top dead center. Cut off The valve is opened and closed, the operation chamber (22b) adjacent to the preparation chamber (13b) is connected by opening the vent valve (24b), the auxiliary chamber (12b) is set to a higher pressure than the preparation chamber (13b), and the preparation chamber (13b) The low-pressure working fluid is moved to the working chamber (22b) while undergoing adiabatic contraction, and the piston is lowered by the pressure receiving area difference between the auxiliary piston (11b) and the working chamber piston (21b), and the auxiliary chamber (12b) is a suction valve. (14b) is opened and connected to the high-pressure section, and the working fluid is moved from the high-pressure section to the auxiliary chamber (12b) through the high-pressure section passage (87) and the heater (1) of the heat exchanger for heat recovery (8), and the piston The switching valve is opened and closed at the bottom dead center, the opened switching valve is closed, the closed switching valve is opened, the configuration of the operation area is changed, and the auxiliary chamber (12b) and the preparation chamber (13b) are connected to the discharge valve (15b). And open the supply valve (16b) When the auxiliary piston (11b) rises, the working fluid in the auxiliary chamber (12b) is moved from the low-pressure section through the low-pressure section passage (86) and the cooler (2) of the heat recovery heat exchanger (8). (13b), the working chamber (22b) opens the exhaust valve (23b), moves the working fluid to the high pressure section, completes one cycle at the top dead center of the piston, and closes the open switching valve. Open the closed switching valve and change the configuration of the operation area to operate continuously. Create multiple engine parts, and move the piston shafts of each engine part one cycle ÷ a time difference of the number of piston axes. In this way, the working fluid moves from the common high-pressure part to each auxiliary chamber of the plurality of engine parts, and the working fluid moves from the common low-pressure part to each preparation chamber of the plurality of engine parts. Mold heat engine It becomes possible wherein the (see FIG. 4).

The contents of the invention will be described below based on the principle diagram.
14A and 14B show a principle diagram and PV diagram of an adiabatic expansion type heat engine (hereinafter simply referred to as an expansion engine), and FIGS. 15A and 15B show a principle of an adiabatic contraction type heat engine (hereinafter simply referred to as a contraction engine). Figure and PV diagram are shown. The PV diagram has the same temperature difference in order to compare the two. However, if normal temperature air or water is used as the heat source, it is difficult to maintain the low temperature side temperature of the expansion engine, and the temperature ratio becomes small as shown in FIGS. The contraction engine is completely opposite in configuration to the expansion engine, and the change in working fluid is also reversed. FIG. 18 shows a principle diagram of a heat recovery heat exchanger (hereinafter referred to as a heat recovery unit). The energy conversion system consists of an engine part and a heat exchange part, and connects both with piping. 14A shows the principle of the expansion engine, and FIG. 15A shows the principle of the contraction engine. The piston opens and closes the switching valve at the top dead center, and shows the lowering stroke. Three cylinders are placed in series, the middle is the operating chamber cylinder 20, the first auxiliary cylinder 10 and the second auxiliary cylinder 30 are the same size on both sides, and the heater 1, cooler 2, and heat recovery device 8 are placed outside and expanded. In the engine, the diameter of the operating chamber cylinder is made larger than the diameter of the auxiliary cylinder, and the piston stroke volume ratio is defined as the adiabatic expansion ratio. In the contraction engine, the diameter of the operating chamber cylinder is made smaller than the diameter of the auxiliary cylinder, and the piston stroke volume ratio is set as the adiabatic contraction ratio. Each cylinder has pistons 11, 21, 31 fixed to one piston shaft 3, and a push plate 47 and a piston link 9 are attached. Each cylinder is separated by a partition plate, and a switching valve and a ventilation path for changing the flow of the working fluid are attached to the partition plate. The switching valve is alternately opened and closed at the top dead center or the bottom dead center of the piston and the push plate 47 to switch the flow of the working fluid. Let the system | strain to which the heater 1 belongs be a high voltage | pressure part, and let the system | strain to which the cooler 2 belong be a low voltage | pressure part. The device is a fully closed system with no opening, and the working fluid can use a gas other than air.

FIG. 18 shows the principle of the heat recovery unit. Since the heat recovery unit plays an important role, it will be described before explaining the operation of the entire energy conversion system. The energy conversion system of the present invention aims to recover the total amount of waste heat. According to the second law of thermodynamics, "heat cannot move from a cold object to a hot object by itself". In other words, “heat always moves from a hot object to a cold object. Heat transfer stops when both objects reach the same temperature”. There are two tubes 8 with the same cross-sectional area that are now entangled. It is assumed that there is a working fluid in the pipe and heat transfer between the pipes is possible, but there is no heat transfer to the outside world. The tubes are connected in a ring, and there are a heater 1 above and a cooler 2 below. Place the cylinder / piston device in the low temperature part of the pipe. When the piston 11 is moved and the working fluid is moved, the temperature gradually becomes a gradient distribution from the high temperature portion to the low temperature portion. Here, when the piston 11 is moved quasi-statically, the temperature difference in the tube at each position embraced is almost zero, and assuming that this is zero, the mass per unit volume at both adjacent positions is the same. Even if the working fluid circulates, the difference between the heating side temperature and the heated side temperature in the high temperature part is 0, and the heating amount is also 0. Further, the difference between the cooling side temperature and the cooled side temperature in the low temperature part is also zero, and the amount of cooling heat is also zero. The upper part of the apparatus has a high temperature and a light mass, and the lower part has a low temperature and a heavy mass. Therefore, there is no convection, no mass transfer, no volume change, and no pressure change. In the actual machine, the piston moves quickly and the heat transfer area of the heat exchanger is also finite, and the temperature difference between the two does not become zero, and this is compensated by the cooler 2 and the heater 1. Even if the pressures on the heating side and the heated side of adjacent heat exchanging parts are different, if the cross-sectional area is narrow on the high pressure side and wide on the low pressure side, and the ratio is the pressure ratio, the adjacent masses are the same.
When the heat transfer area is increased, the change in the working fluid approaches a quasi-static change.

  FIG. 14B is a PV diagram showing changes in the working fluid of the expansion engine. FIG. 15B is a PV diagram showing changes in the working fluid of the contraction engine. The operation of the energy conversion system will be described together with the PV diagram. Six cylinders are created with three cylinders and three pistons. This chamber is a first auxiliary chamber 12, a first preparation chamber 13, a first operation chamber 22, a second operation chamber 27, a second preparation chamber 33, and a second auxiliary chamber 32 in order from the top. The six chambers are connected to each other by opening and closing a switching valve to create three operation areas. When the piston is at top dead center, the volumes of the first auxiliary chamber 12, the first operation chamber 22, and the second preparation chamber 33 are zero. First preparation chamber 13 (FIGS. 14B, 2, 15B, 1), second operation chamber 27 (FIGS. 14B, 3, 15B, 2), second auxiliary chamber 32 (FIG. 14B, 1or 1) -FIG. 15 b, 3 or i) is the total stroke volume. The first discharge valve 15, the first air supply valve 16, the first exhaust valve 23, the second ventilation valve 29, the second intake valve 34 are closed, the other switching valves are opened, and the two chambers are connected to provide three operation areas. And the piston begins to descend.

  The first preparation chamber 13 and the first working chamber 22 are connected by opening the first vent valve 24, and the piston is lowered by the pressure receiving area difference between the first auxiliary piston 11 and the first working chamber piston 21 to insulate the working fluid in the expansion engine. Inflate (FIG. 14B, 2 → 3), and in the contraction engine, adiabatic contraction (FIG. 15B, 1 → 2).

  The second working chamber 27 and the first auxiliary chamber 12 are connected by opening the second exhaust valve 28 and the first suction valve 14, but the piston back pressure in the first working chamber 22 and the first preparation chamber 13 changing adiabatically is reduced. The same pressure is used to help change the heat insulation, and when the first working chamber piston 21 and the first auxiliary piston 11 descend, the working fluid in the second working chamber 27 that has been expanded in the expansion engine is pushed out, and the low pressure section passage 86 of the heat recovery unit 8 is pushed out. (FIG. 14B, 3 → 1), the constant pressure flow is cooled and contracted through the cooler 2, and the operating fluid in the second operating chamber 27, which has been contracted in the contracting engine, is pushed out, and the high pressure section passage 87 of the heat recovery unit 8 is passed through. Through (FIG. 15B, 2 → 3), the heater 1 is heated and expanded at a constant pressure through the heater 1, and is put into the first auxiliary chamber 12.

  The second preparatory chamber 33 of the same cylinder as the second auxiliary chamber 32 is connected by opening the second discharge valve 35 and the second air supply valve 36, but in an expansion engine, the second discharge valve 35 is opened and the pipe of the high pressure section is connected. The working fluid is allowed to flow into the second auxiliary chamber 32 from the passage by free expansion (FIG. 14B, 1 → i), the same pressure as the high pressure portion, and immediately after the second auxiliary piston 31 descends, the working fluid in the second auxiliary chamber 32 Is passed through the high-pressure section 87 of the heat recovery device 8 (FIG. 14B, B), heated through the heater 1 (FIGS. 14B, B → 2), placed in the second preparation chamber 33, and after free injection pressure increase Constant-pressure flow heating expansion. In the contraction engine, when the second discharge valve 35 is opened, the working fluid is allowed to flow out from the second auxiliary chamber 32 to the low-pressure line by free expansion (FIG. 15B, 3 → i), and the pressure is the same as that of the low-pressure part. When the auxiliary piston 31 descends, the working fluid in the second auxiliary chamber 32 is pushed out as it is, passed through the low pressure portion 86 of the heat recovery device 8 (FIG. 15 b, b), and cooled through the cooler 2 (FIG. 14 b, b) 1) After entering the second preparation chamber 33, the free discharge pressure drop and the constant pressure flow cooling shrinkage. In this stroke, both sides of the second auxiliary piston 31 are at the same pressure, there is no external work, and the volume of the auxiliary cylinder, piping, heat recovery device 8, heater 1 or cooler 2 does not change and can be said to be a constant volume change. When the piston is at the bottom dead center, the first auxiliary chamber 12 (FIG. 14B, 1 → B, FIG. 15B, 3 → B), the first working chamber 22 (FIGS. 14B, 3, FIG. 15B, 2), the first 2 The preparation chamber 33 (FIGS. 14B, 2 and 15B, 1) becomes the full stroke volume and the preparation for the next stroke is completed.

In an expansion engine, only the adiabatic expansion stroke performs external work as a closed space expansion of the working fluid.
When viewed from the second working chamber 23 and the first auxiliary chamber 12 which are cooled and contracted at a constant pressure, the entire low pressure part is an open space, and the working fluid is an unbalanced system with a temperature difference, and freely contracts as the piston moves. Helps adiabatic expansion. The mass of the working fluid must be the same at the completion of the adiabatic expansion stroke, the cooling contraction stroke, and the constant volume heating stroke. 14B, 1 → 2 has the same volume and temperature ratio becomes the pressure ratio, FIG. 14B, 2 → 3 has adiabatic expansion and no mass change, and FIG. 14B, 3 → 1 has the same pressure and the temperature ratio is volume. It becomes a ratio, and a certain amount of mass always moves during one stroke. 14B and 1 → 2 are apparent, the working fluid flows into the second auxiliary chamber 32, the pressure of the free expansion is increased, the point is changed to point a due to isothermal change, and the pressure becomes high. The inflow volume is very small with respect to the total volume of the piping, the heat recovery device 8 and the heater 1, and the pressure in the high pressure portion hardly decreases. The high-pressure part temperature difference (FIG. 14B, A → B) and the low-pressure part temperature difference (FIGS. 14B, 1 → 3) of the heat recovery unit 8 are equal, and the total heat is recovered and the heat exchange of the cooler 2 (FIG. 14B, 1 → 1) is not theoretical. However, this means that the loss is theoretically 0, and the actual machine is a machine, so the loss is inevitable and appears as an unbalance in heat exchange, and the cooler 2 is placed in this correction to keep the temperature of the low temperature part constantly. It is also necessary for securing a low temperature during the transformation transition period and startup. The amount of heating is shown in FIG. 14 b, b → 2, and this temperature difference is the same as the temperature difference due to adiabatic expansion in FIG. 14 b, 3 → c, and the amount of heating becomes external work as it is and a heat engine with a theoretically 100% thermal efficiency can be created. . The heating fluid of this heater finishes heating and is released at a reduced temperature, but does not include the fluid thermal efficiency for heating. The expansion heat engine requires a heating heat source on the high temperature side, and the cooling heat source on the low temperature side requires a cooling heat source to produce a temperature difference, although the cooling heat amount is small. Including the fluid thermal efficiency for heating, the thermal efficiency is not 100%.

  In a contraction engine, only the adiabatic contraction stroke exerts a force on the piston as a closed space contraction of the working fluid. When viewed from the second working chamber 27 and the first auxiliary chamber 12, which are heated and expanded at a constant pressure, the entire high-pressure part is an open space, and the working fluid is an unbalanced system with a temperature difference, and freely expands as the piston moves. Helps adiabatic shrinkage. The mass of the working fluid must be the same upon completion of the adiabatic contraction stroke, the heating expansion stroke, and the constant volume cooling stroke. 15 b, 1 → 2 is adiabatic shrinkage and there is no mass change, and FIG. 15 b, 2 → 3 are the same pressure and the temperature ratio is volume ratio, and 3 → 1 is the same volume and the temperature ratio is pressure ratio. A certain amount of mass always moves during the process. 15B and 3 → 1 are apparent, and the auxiliary chamber B32 flows into the auxiliary chamber B32 and freely expands and depressurizes. The inflow volume is very small with respect to the total volume of the pipe, the heat recovery unit 8 and the cooler 2, and the pressure in the low pressure part hardly increases. The high-pressure part temperature difference (FIG. 15B, 2 → 3) and the low-pressure part temperature difference (FIG. 15B, B → B) of the heat recovery unit 8 are equal, and the total heat is recovered and the heat exchange of the heater 1 (FIG. 15B, B) There is no theory. However, this means that the loss is theoretically 0, and the actual machine is a machine, so the loss is unavoidable and appears as an unbalance in heat exchange, and the heater 1 is placed in this correction to keep the temperature of the high temperature part constantly. It is also necessary to ensure a high temperature at the time of transformation transition and startup. The amount of cooling is shown in FIG. 15B, B → 1, and this temperature difference is the same as the temperature difference due to adiabatic shrinkage in FIG. 15B, 2 → C. . The cooling fluid of this cooler finishes cooling and is discharged after raising its temperature.

  Compare the characteristics of expansion and contraction engines. In both cases, the pressure ratio is the temperature ratio between the highest temperature and the lowest temperature. In an expansion engine, the amount of heat on the high temperature side is external work and a high temperature heat source is required, while the low temperature side only holds the temperature. The conventional heat engine is an expansion engine, which requires a high-temperature heat source, and discards the amount of heat recovered. In a contraction engine, the amount of heat on the low temperature side is external work and a low temperature heat source is required, and the high temperature side only holds the temperature. A shrinkage engine can be adjusted easily by creating a temperature difference by attaching a generator to the load and using an electric heater as the heater. However, since the heater is theoretically unnecessary at all times, the thermal efficiency is not lowered. On the low temperature side, the amount of cooling heat becomes an external output, which can be covered with air or water at normal temperature. In addition, no special high-temperature heat source is required, and no fuel or the like is required. The temperature difference in the PV diagram is 450K-300K = 150K for both the expansion engine and the contraction engine, but the temperature difference after the adiabatic change is different between the expansion engine and the contraction engine. However, the volume and mass before the adiabatic change are different, and the auxiliary cylinder volume of the expansion engine and the operating chamber cylinder volume between the contractors are the same, and the operating chamber cylinder volume of the expansion engine and the auxiliary cylinder volume of the contracting engine are the same. In the same way, the external output due to adiabatic change is the same for both expansion and contraction engines.

  In addition to the triple cylinder type, the engine has a double cylinder type. FIG. 16 is a principle diagram of a dual cylinder type expansion engine, and FIG. 17 is a principle diagram of a dual cylinder type contraction engine. The double cylinder type is a triple cylinder type operating chamber cylinder and operating chamber piston divided into two. The triple cylinder type increases the size of the engine and is therefore aimed at miniaturization. If each piston shaft divided into two has a rotational phase difference of 180 °, the same operation as the triple cylinder type is performed. In the double cylinder type engine unit, a plurality of devices of the same size are manufactured, and the crank rotation phase angle of the piston is 360 ° ÷ the number of piston shafts, and when two engine units are used, 360 ° ÷ 2 = 180 °. The working fluid flowing through the heat recovery unit works in the same manner as a triple cylinder engine with two double cylinder engine units, but even one can be operated. In this case, the movement of the working fluid is intermittent, but is smoothed because the volume of the high pressure portion and the low pressure portion is sufficiently larger than the cylinder volume. When the number of engine parts is three or more, the working fluid is further smoothed and the function of the heat exchanger is fully exhibited. The double cylinder type also requires a pressure increase / decrease device, but is omitted in FIGS. 15 and 16. The structure of the engine part will be mainly explained for the triple cylinder type, and if there is a special change to the double cylinder type, it will be explained each time. .

  In the engine part, several cylinders separated by a partition plate are connected in series, and the linearity of the cylinder is deteriorated by the thermal strain of the intake and exhaust pipes connected to the partition plate. Therefore, the outer diameter of the partition plate is made the same and matched with the internal dimension of the casing. The cylinder and the partition plate are fitted together. A space is provided between the cylinder and the casing, and a vent hole is provided in the partition plate so that the space has the same pressure as the high pressure portion or the low pressure portion. The partition plate and the cylinder are fitted into an integrated case, which corrects the distortion caused by the joint of the cylinder, improves the linearity, and makes the piston move smoothly. Give the casing the thermal stress of the intake and exhaust pipes. Heat is prevented by the space between the heat engine and the casing.

  The piston shaft to which the piston is attached is provided with an auxiliary piston and an operating chamber piston, as well as a push plate, a piston link, etc., and slides through the partition plate. The piston also has a push-plate function that pushes the switching valve, and adjusts the stroke so that the position does not shift. For this reason, several sliding pipes are fitted on the piston shaft, and a piston, a push plate, and a piston link are fitted and fixed between the sliding pipes, and nuts are attached and tightened from both ends of the piston shaft. , Lock it so that it won't come loose.

  The reciprocating motion of the auxiliary piston overlaps the stroke area of the auxiliary chamber and the preparatory chamber, and the high temperature portion and the low temperature portion are alternated to increase heat loss. The auxiliary piston is enlarged so that the stroke areas do not overlap to reduce heat loss. If the auxiliary piston is enlarged, the operating chamber piston is also enlarged. Several pistons are attached to the piston shaft, and both sides are made flat because they reciprocate as piston heads. Therefore, if it is thick, it becomes heavy and mechanical loss occurs. To make the piston light, make the piston hollow. In the energy conversion system, when the output is increased due to the transformation operation, the pressure of the system is increased, and the difference from the piston hollow pressure is increased to deform the piston. Therefore, the hollow part of the piston is pressurized to prevent this. For the above reasons, a groove is provided in the axial direction on the surface of the piston shaft, an air passage is provided between the piston shaft and the sliding tube, and the push plate chamber and the piston hollow portion are connected by the air passage, and the push plate chamber is connected to the low pressure portion or the high pressure portion. To pressurize the piston hollow part.

  The piston has a piston head on both sides, and several piston shafts cannot lubricate the piston sliding surface. For this reason, the piston has piston rings on both piston heads, the interval between the installation positions is larger than the piston travel distance, and the piston ring has a range where the piston ring does not slide. The injection port and the discharge port are made, and lubricating oil is injected from one side between the piston and the cylinder sandwiched between the piston rings and discharged from the other side.

  The partition plate is attached to both sides of the auxiliary cylinder, and a switching valve is provided on the partition plate to create a ventilation path for the working fluid entering and exiting the switching valve. The switching valve and its air passage are divided into a direction where the working fluid enters and a direction where it exits due to the structure of the engine part. Therefore, when the inflow side block and the outflow side block are divided into two, the auxiliary partition plate is divided into an intake valve block and a discharge valve block. The operation chamber partition plate is divided into an exhaust valve block and an air supply valve block. The operating chamber partition plate is equipped with a vent valve, and it is equally placed on both blocks, and is matched to the number of exhaust valves and air supply valves. The number of valves is better as the area and strength of the partition plate allow. The piston shaft passes through the partition plate and slides. Therefore, a ring-shaped shaft seal device is attached to the sliding tube. For assembling the engine part, the piston is fixed to a sliding tube in which a shaft seal device is fitted in advance, and a cylinder and a partition plate are assembled later. For the above reason, the partition plate is flat on both sides and hollow on the inside. A switching valve is attached to the hollow portion, an air passage is provided to allow working fluid to pass, and the air passage is connected to the outside in accordance with an opening provided in the cylinder. The two-partition plate is assembled so as to sandwich the shaft seal device attached to the sliding tube. A groove is provided at the partition plate joint, and the lubricating oil pipe of the shaft seal device is passed through.

  In the partition plate, the space on the cylinder chamber side of the switching valve becomes a dead space, and the smaller this space, the better the energy conversion efficiency. The space on the airway side does not become a dead space. The switching valve is required to have a conflicting function of reducing the stroke and increasing the opening. Since the engine part has a small temperature difference and a small energy density, the valve opening / closing power is also reduced. The switching valve is simultaneously opened and closed by the piston at the top dead center or bottom dead center of the piston. When the stroke is large, the switching valve starts to open before reaching the top dead center or bottom dead center of the piston, and opens simultaneously while the shut-off valve is open. There is a period of time, and the working fluid passes through. Therefore, the maximum opening area is required with the minimum stroke, and the switching valve cannot be enlarged.

  When the switching valve is open, the suction valve and air supply valve have the same pressure on both sides of the valve, and the exhaust valve and vent valve have the top dead center or bottom dead center on the side where the working fluid flows. There is little flow in the dead space of the valve. When only the discharge valve is opened, the working fluid flows and immediately becomes the same pressure as the external pipe, and the working fluid follows the movement of the piston. The beginning of the valve closing is near the top dead center or the bottom dead center of the piston, and there is little movement of the working fluid. When the valve is closed, the pressure is suddenly increased due to the open valve, and the valve is pushed. For the above reasons, the switching valve is composed of a valve stem, a valve box, two upper and lower valve stem guides, and a valve ring. A valve is attached to the valve stem. The valve box is provided with a valve seat inside, provided with a valve box vent hole, provided with a groove on the outside, provided with a passage according to the use of the valve, and constitutes a vent path together with the valve ring. The valve stem guide prevents valve stem retention, stoppers and sliding parts from leaking. The whole valve is inserted into the partition plate, and the piston pushes the valve rod alternately to open and close, so that the valve side is the high pressure side when the valve is closed, and the valve is pressed against the valve seat, and when the valve is open, the valve fits in the pocket To. A rod-shaped magnet is embedded in the valve stem, and two ring-shaped magnetic bodies are embedded in the valve guide. When the valve rod is pushed by the piston and moved to one side, the magnet and the ring-shaped magnetic body attract each other. The magnet is separated from the ring-shaped magnetic body and pulled by the other ring-shaped magnetic body to secure the position of the valve stem. Even if the valve stem rotates, the same performance is always maintained.

  When the valve stem is hit with a piston with high speed and high mass, even if the piston is slowing down at top dead center or bottom dead center, a large force is applied to the valve stem and the switching valve is damaged. A plunger is embedded in the contact area of the piston and push plate that pushes the switching valve, and when the plunger is pushed in, it is below the height of the piston head, when it is popping out, it is slightly higher than the piston head, and the piston moves in the second half. When the speed drops, the plunger pops out by inertia and pushes the valve stem of the switching valve ahead of the piston. The plunger has a small mass and reduces the impact on the valve stem. The piston, push plate, and piston link make a mating part with the sliding tube so that they are not displaced from each other, and the plunger reliably pushes the valve stem.

  The structure of the heat recovery device 8 of the present invention is shown in FIG. The heat recovery unit 8 has several heat exchange units 85 stacked to form a necessary heat exchange area, the inside of the heat exchange unit 85 serves as a low-pressure section passage 86, the outside serves as a high-pressure section passage 87, and the whole is housed in a pressure-resistant case 90. The working fluid flows the entire amount of the low-pressure part as a counter-current to the high-pressure part, and the interval between the low-pressure part passage 86 is made larger than the high-pressure part passage 87 so that the mass and heat amount of both are always on both sides of the heat recovery plate 80. The ratio is the pressure ratio. By using the same heat exchange time for both, the exhaust heat quantity is recovered in total.

  Place the heat exchange unit in a block and place it in a pressure-resistant case. The block is made by stacking several heat exchange units and bolting the whole. The bolt passes through the inlet and outlet header through which the low-pressure side working fluid is passed, but all the side plates and the inlet / outlet set are tightened together. The heat exchanging unit has two heat exchanging plates that form a space for the low-pressure part air passage inside. The heat exchanging unit has a bag shape and is sealed all around. The working fluid inlet and outlet parts are sandwiched by slit-type header spacers. The units are stacked to ensure a working fluid passage in the high-pressure section, and spacers are inserted inside and outside the heat exchange unit to prevent deformation. The two header spacers are made uneven so that holes or slits can be formed around them, ensuring a working fluid vent, and including the inlet / outlet header and heat exchange plate. The heat exchange plate is designed to withstand the pressure difference between the high pressure and low pressure parts, and it is possible to cope with pressure fluctuations by corrugating the plate, to prevent deformation and increase the heat transfer exchange area, causing turbulent flow of the working fluid. . The spacer is manufactured according to the wave so that the waved heat exchange plate is not deformed by the differential pressure, and always ensures a passage through which the working fluid passes. The space between the pressure-resistant case and the side plate is a pressure equalizing chamber so that the working fluid enters and exits the air passages evenly. The end of the heat exchange unit that is in contact with the pressure-resistant case is filled with a spacer that prevents the flow of the working fluid, and serves as a medium to prevent a short path of the working fluid.

  In the energy conversion system of the present invention, the volume ratio at which the adiabatic change of the engine unit is mechanically fixed and fixed, the temperature ratio is also fixed and the pressure is changed with respect to the output fluctuation. If the pressure is increased for a constant temperature, the mass increases, the amount of heat increases, and external work increases. Conversely, if the pressure is lowered, the mass is reduced, the amount of heat is reduced, and external work is reduced. A high pressure tank is connected to the heat engine at a temperature close to normal temperature via an automatic pressure increase valve, and a low pressure tank is connected via an automatic pressure reduction valve. When the boost automatic valve is opened, the working fluid enters the heat engine from the high pressure tank and the pressure is increased to increase the output. When the automatic pressure reducing valve is opened, the working fluid enters the low pressure tank from the heat engine and the pressure is lowered to reduce the output. An air compressor is placed between the low pressure tank and the high pressure tank, and the output is controlled by operating the air compressor so that the pressure in the low pressure tank is always the lowest. If a low pressure tank is connected to the high pressure section and a high pressure tank is connected to the low pressure section, the transformation operation becomes more effective. The pressure is controlled according to the output. The high-pressure tank and the low-pressure tank are necessary when a working fluid other than air is used, but are also necessary when dehumidifying air.

  The expansion engine is only kept at a low temperature on the low temperature side, and the amount of heating heat on the high temperature side becomes external work. The heating fluid heats the heater and the exhaust fluid is discharged at a reduced temperature. When the heating fluid is room temperature air or water, the room temperature air or water is discharged at a reduced temperature. A generator is placed on an external load, and the refrigerator is operated with this electricity to ensure a low temperature. The temperature on the low temperature side by the refrigerator is only temperature holding, and the load at normal times is small. The refrigerator evaporator is used as a cooler, the temperature difference between the low-temperature heat sources is secured, and the heater is operated as a cooling heat exchanger, so that cooling can be performed in accordance with the amount of power generation. If the expansion engine is exclusively used for power generation, it is difficult to secure a low temperature, and a large temperature difference cannot be obtained. Although it is unthinkable in the common sense that it is possible to generate power while cooling, it is because the temperature setting is lowered to room temperature on the high temperature side and is operated below body temperature.

  In the contraction engine, the high temperature side can only hold the high temperature, and the cooling heat quantity on the low temperature side becomes the external work. The cooling fluid cools the cooler, and the exhaust fluid is discharged at an elevated temperature. When the cooling fluid is room temperature air or water, the room temperature air or water is discharged at an elevated temperature. A generator is placed on an external load, and the electric heater is heated with this electricity to ensure a high temperature. The temperature on the high temperature side with the electric heater is only temperature holding, and the load at all times is small. An electric heater ensures a high temperature side temperature difference, and the cooler is operated as a heating heat exchanger. It can also be heated with an electric heater. It seems to be against the laws of thermodynamics because both the cooling fluid used for heating and the electric heater work in the direction to raise the temperature, but if the room to be heated is kept at a constant temperature, it is the room that is heating This is because the same amount of heat is released outside. If the amount of heat radiation is small, the temperature rises, approaches the high temperature side temperature, the cooling temperature rises, the temperature difference cannot be maintained, and the power generation amount becomes small.

About the contraction engine The contraction engine uses a generator connected to the load and uses an electric heater in the high-temperature part. The temperature is easy to control and theoretically has no heat, so the loss is small in the actual machine, and air and water at normal temperature can be used in the low-temperature part. It can be used anywhere and no fuel is required. In addition, no substances will be polluted.
About expansion engines Expansion engines belong to conventional heat engines. The expansion engine requires a high-temperature heat source, and the amount of heat of the heat source that has been heated is discarded and lost. If the temperature source on the high temperature side is air or water at normal temperature, the temperature on the low temperature side needs to be lowered. However, the temperature source on the low temperature side is only holding the temperature and there is little loss, but it is difficult to create a low temperature and the temperature difference cannot be increased.

The temperature difference does not affect the thermal efficiency. If the temperature difference is small, the engine becomes large, and if the temperature difference is large, the engine can be made small.
Since the volume of the heater, cooler, and heat recovery unit does not become a dead space, the heat exchange area can be freely selected.
The burden on the cooler and heater is reduced.
Can be used for cooling in expansion engines.
The pistons in the three cylinders are driven by one piston shaft, the device is simplified and the mechanical loss is reduced.
Since the switching plate is attached to the partition plate, the dead space volume is small.
Since the valve body is small and the piston is hollow, the mass is small and the driving power is small.
Since the switching valve is opened and closed with a piston, no special valve opening / closing device other than the push plate is required.
Since the switching valve operates near the top dead center or the bottom dead center, the impact applied to the valve body is small.
Since the working fluid does not go out to the atmosphere, noise is low.
There is an adiabatic stroke both when the piston is moving up and down, and torque pulsation is reduced.
Since the piston link has little runout, the sliding friction of the piston is small.

  An embodiment of the invention will be described based on an example with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an expansion engine, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the engine portion showing a contraction engine and the claims are hatched. The stationary part and the movable part are distinguished by the hatching method for explaining the operation of the heat engine. It is a comprehensive system diagram including a drive unit and a piping system. The piston is assumed to move up and down, and the working fluid in the pipeline is shown by the solid line that the piston passes through the top dead center and is descending. The open / close state of the valve indicates that the piston is being lowered, but the details are shown in FIGS. The dotted line passes the bottom dead center and rises. Common parts are indicated by solid lines.

  The expansion engine of FIG. 1 has three cylinders in series, the middle is an operating chamber cylinder 20A, the upper and lower sides are the first auxiliary cinder 10A and the second auxiliary cylinder 30A of the same size, and is installed in the gear chamber 60A to provide a push plate chamber 48A. . The heater 1, the cooler 2, and the heat recovery device 8 are placed outside, the diameter of the operating chamber cylinder 20A is made larger than the diameters of the auxiliary cylinders 10A and 30A, and the piston stroke volume ratio is set as the adiabatic expansion ratio. Each cylinder is provided with pistons 11A, 21A, 31A fixed to one piston shaft 3A, and a push plate 47A and a piston link 9A are attached. The cylinders are separated by partition plates 17A, 18A, 37A, 38A, and 49A. The partition plates 17A, 18A, 37A, and 38A have working fluid vents and switching valves 14A, 15A, 16A, 23A, 24A, 28A, and 29A. , 34A, 35A, 36A. The switching valve is alternately opened and closed at the top dead center or the bottom dead center of the pistons 11A, 21A, 31A and the push plate 47A to switch the flow of the working fluid. Three cylinders and three pistons form six chambers, which are in order from the top, the first auxiliary chamber 12A, the first preparation chamber 13A, the first operation chamber 22A, the second operation chamber 27A, the second preparation chamber 33A, Two auxiliary chambers 32A are provided, and these six chambers are connected to each other by opening and closing a switching valve to create three operation areas.

  The piston 11A, 21A, 31A and the push plate 47A close the first discharge valve 15A, the first air supply valve 16A, the first exhaust valve 23A, the second ventilation valve 29A, the second intake valve 34A when the top dead center is reached. Open the selector valve. The first preparatory chamber 13A and the first working chamber 22A are connected by opening the first vent valve 24A, and the working fluid is adiabatically expanded by lowering the piston by the pressure receiving area difference between the first auxiliary piston 11A and the first working chamber piston 21A. . The second operating chamber 27A and the first auxiliary chamber 12A are connected by opening the second exhaust valve 28A and the first intake valve 14A, and the expansion is completed when the first operating chamber piston 21A and the first auxiliary piston 11A are lowered. The working fluid in the second working chamber 27A is pushed out, passed through the low pressure part 86 of the heat recovery unit 8, cooled and contracted through the cooler 2, and put into the first auxiliary chamber 12A. The second auxiliary chamber 32A and the second preparatory chamber 33A are connected when the second discharge valve 35A and the second air supply valve 36A are open, but when the second discharge valve 35A is open, the second auxiliary chamber 32A is connected to the second auxiliary chamber 32A. The working fluid is allowed to flow into the chamber 32A by free expansion, the pressure is the same as that of the high pressure portion, and immediately after the second auxiliary piston 31A descends, the working fluid in the second auxiliary chamber 32A is pushed out and passed through the high pressure portion 87 of the heat recovery device 8, Heat through the heater 1 and place in the second preparation chamber 33A of the same cylinder and heat at constant volume. In this way, the three processes of the adiabatic expansion process, the cooling contraction process, and the constant volume heating process are performed simultaneously. The switching valves 14A, 24A, 28A, 35A, and 36A that were open at the bottom dead center of the pistons 11A, 21A, and 31A are closed, and the closed switching valves 15A, 16A, 23A, 29A, and 34A are opened to change the configuration of the operation area. While the pistons 11A, 21A, and 31A are being lifted, three strokes of adiabatic expansion, cooling contraction, and constant volume heating are performed simultaneously for continuous operation.

  The contraction engine of FIG. 2 has three cylinders in series, the middle is an operating chamber cylinder 20B, the upper and lower sides are the first auxiliary cinder 10B and the second auxiliary cylinder 30B of the same size, and is installed in the gear chamber 60B, and a push plate chamber 48B is provided. . The heater 1, the cooler 2, and the heat recovery device 8 are placed outside, the diameter of the operation chamber cylinder 20B is made smaller than the diameters of the auxiliary cylinders 10B and 30B, and the piston stroke volume ratio is set as the adiabatic contraction ratio. Each cylinder has pistons 11B, 21B, and 31B fixed to one piston shaft 3B, and a push plate 47B and a piston link 9B. The cylinders are separated by partition plates 17B, 18B, 37B, 38B, and 49B. The partition plates 17B, 18B, 37B, and 38B have working fluid vents and switching valves 14B, 15B, 16B, 23B, 24B, 28B, and 29B. , 34B, 35B, 36B. The switching valve is alternately opened and closed at the top dead center or the bottom dead center of the pistons 11B, 21B, 31B and the push plate 47B to switch the flow of the working fluid. Three cylinders and three pistons form six chambers, which are in order from the top, the first auxiliary chamber 12B, the first preparation chamber 13B, the first operation chamber 22B, the second operation chamber 27B, the second preparation chamber 33B, Two auxiliary chambers 32B are provided, and these six chambers are connected to each other by opening and closing a switching valve to create three operation areas.

  When the pistons 11B, 21B, 31B and the push plate 47B are at top dead center, the first discharge valve 15B, the first air supply valve 16B, the first exhaust valve 23B, the second vent valve 29B, the second intake valve 34B are closed, and the others. Open the selector valve. When the first vent valve 24B is opened, the first preparation chamber 13B and the first working chamber 22B are connected, and the piston is lowered by the pressure receiving area difference between the first auxiliary piston 11B and the first working chamber piston 21B, and the working fluid is adiabatically contracted. . The second operating chamber 27B and the first auxiliary chamber 12B are connected by opening the second exhaust valve 28B and the first intake valve 14B, and the contraction is completed by lowering the first operating chamber piston 21B and the first auxiliary piston 11B. The working fluid in the second working chamber 27B is pushed out, passed through the low pressure part 86 of the heat recovery unit 8, cooled through the cooler 2, and put into the first auxiliary chamber 12B. The second auxiliary chamber 32B and the second preparatory chamber 33B are connected by opening the second discharge valve 35B and the second air supply valve 36B. The working fluid in the chamber 32B is released by free expansion and is set to the same pressure as that of the low pressure portion. When the second auxiliary piston 31A descends, the working fluid in the second auxiliary chamber 32A is pushed out as it is, passed through the low pressure portion 86 of the heat recovery device 8, and cooled. Cool through the vessel 2 and place in the second preparation chamber 33B of the same cylinder to cool at a constant volume. In this way, the three processes of the adiabatic contraction process, the heating expansion process, and the constant volume cooling process are performed simultaneously. The switching valves 14B, 24B, 28B, 35B, and 36B opened at the bottom dead center of the pistons 11B, 21B, and 31B are closed, and the closed switching valves 15B, 16B, 23B, 29B, and 34B are opened to change the operation area configuration. While the pistons 11B, 21B, and 31B are raised, the three strokes of adiabatic shrinkage, heating expansion, and constant volume cooling are performed simultaneously for continuous operation.

  The two-cylinder expansion engine shown in FIG. 3 has two first and second engine parts of the same size, and is installed in the gear chamber 60a. The engine part has two cylinders arranged in series, with the upper cinder and the lower A push plate chamber is provided as an operating chamber cylinder. Heater 1, cooler 2, and heat recovery device 8 are placed outside, the diameter of the operating chamber cylinder is made larger than the diameter of the auxiliary cylinder, and the piston stroke volume ratio is defined as the adiabatic expansion ratio. Each cylinder has a piston fixed to one piston shaft, and a push plate and a piston link are attached. Since there are two engine parts, the rotational phase angle of the piston link is 360 ° / 2 = 180 °. Each auxiliary cylinder is separated by a partition plate, and a working fluid vent and a switching valve are attached to the partition plate. The switching valve is alternately opened and closed at the top dead center or bottom dead center of the piston and the push plate to switch the flow of the working fluid. The first is given to the name of the component of the first engine part, and the second is given to the name of the component of the second engine part. The auxiliary cylinder and the auxiliary piston form two chambers, the working chamber cylinder and the working chamber piston form one chamber, and two engine units form six chambers. This chamber is, in order from the top, the first auxiliary chamber 12a, the first preparation chamber 13a, and the first operation chamber 22a in the first engine portion, and the second auxiliary chamber 32a, the second preparation chamber 33a, in order from the top in the second engine portion. The second operation chamber 27a is formed, and the six chambers are connected to each other by opening / closing a switching valve to form three operation areas.

  The first auxiliary piston 11a, the first operating chamber piston 21a are at the top dead center, the second auxiliary piston 31a and the push plate 47a are at the bottom dead center, the first discharge valve 15a, the first supply valve 16a, and the first exhaust valve 23a. The second ventilation valve 29a and the second suction valve 34a are closed, and the other switching valves are opened. The first preparatory chamber 13a and the first operating chamber 22a are connected by opening the first vent valve 24a, and the piston of the first engine unit is lowered by the pressure receiving area difference between the first auxiliary piston 11a and the first operating chamber piston 21a. The fluid is adiabatically expanded to raise the piston of the second engine unit. The second working chamber 27a and the first auxiliary chamber 12a are connected by opening the second exhaust valve 28a and the first suction valve 14a, and the second working chamber 27a that has completed expansion when the second working chamber piston 26a is lifted. The working fluid is pushed out, passed through the low pressure part 86 of the heat recovery unit 8, cooled and contracted through the cooler 2, and put into the first auxiliary chamber 12 a. The second auxiliary chamber 32a and the second preparatory chamber 33a are connected when the second discharge valve 35a and the second air supply valve 36a are open. When the second discharge valve 35a is opened, the second auxiliary chamber 32a is connected to the second auxiliary chamber 32a. The working fluid is allowed to flow into the chamber 32a by free expansion, the pressure is the same as that of the high pressure portion, the working fluid in the second auxiliary chamber 32a is pushed out immediately after the second auxiliary piston 31a is raised, and the high pressure portion 87 of the heat recovery device 8 is passed through. Heated through the heater 1 and placed in the second preparation chamber 33a of the same cylinder and heated at a constant volume. In this way, the adiabatic expansion process is performed simultaneously when the first piston is lowered, the constant volume heating process is performed when the second piston is lifted, and the cooling and contraction process is performed jointly by both pistons. The switching valves 14a, 24a, 28a, 35a, 36a that are open at the bottom dead center and the top dead center of the second pistons 26a, 31a are closed, and the switching valves 15a, 16a, 23a, 29a that are closed are closed. , 34a are opened, the operation area is changed, the adiabatic expansion process is performed by lowering the second piston, the constant volume heating process is performed by moving the first piston, and the cooling and contracting process is performed jointly by the two pistons simultaneously.

  The two-cylinder contraction engine of FIG. 4 is made up of two first engine parts and second engine parts of the same size, and is installed in the gear chamber 60b. The engine part places two cylinders in series, the upper is an auxiliary cinder and the lower is A push plate chamber is provided as an operating chamber cylinder. Heater 1, cooler 2, and heat recovery device 8 are placed outside, the diameter of the operating chamber cylinder is made smaller than the diameter of the auxiliary cylinder, and the piston stroke volume ratio is defined as the adiabatic contraction ratio. Each cylinder has a piston fixed to one piston shaft, and a push plate and a piston link are attached. Since there are two engine parts, the rotational phase angle of the piston link is 360 ° / 2 = 180 °. Each auxiliary cylinder is separated by a partition plate, and a working fluid vent and a switching valve are attached to the partition plate. The switching valve is alternately opened and closed at the top dead center or bottom dead center of the piston and the push plate to switch the flow of the working fluid. The first is given to the name of the component of the first engine part, and the second is given to the name of the component of the second engine part. The auxiliary cylinder and the auxiliary piston form two chambers, the working chamber cylinder and the working chamber piston form one chamber, and two engine units form six chambers. This chamber is, in order from the top, the first auxiliary chamber 12b, the first preparation chamber 13b, and the first operation chamber 22b in the first engine portion, and the second auxiliary chamber 32b, the second preparation chamber 33b, in order from the top in the second engine portion, The second operation chamber 27b is formed, and the six chambers are connected to each other by opening / closing a switching valve to form three operation areas.

  The first auxiliary piston 11b and the first operating chamber piston 21b are at the top dead center, the second auxiliary piston 31b and the push plate 47b are at the bottom dead center, and the first discharge valve 15b, the first supply valve 16b, and the first exhaust valve 23b. The second ventilation valve 29b and the second suction valve 34b are closed, and the other switching valves are opened. The first preparatory chamber 13b and the first working chamber 22b are connected by opening the first vent valve 24b, and the piston of the first engine unit is moved down by the pressure receiving area difference between the first auxiliary piston 11b and the first working chamber piston 21b. The fluid is adiabatically contracted to raise the piston of the second engine part. The second working chamber 27b and the first auxiliary chamber 12b are connected by opening the second exhaust valve 28b and the first suction valve 14b, and the second working chamber 27b is fully contracted by raising the second working chamber piston 26b. The working fluid is pushed out, passed through the high pressure portion 87 of the heat recovery unit 8, heated and expanded through the heater 1, and put into the first auxiliary chamber 12b. Further, the second auxiliary chamber 32b and the second preparation chamber 33b are connected when the second discharge valve 35b and the second air supply valve 36b are opened, but when the second discharge valve 35b is opened, the second auxiliary chamber 32b is connected to the low pressure portion. The working fluid is discharged into the pipe line by free expansion, and the pressure is the same as that of the low pressure portion. When the second auxiliary piston 31b is raised, the working fluid in the second auxiliary chamber 32b is pushed out as it is, and is passed through the low pressure portion 86 of the heat recovery device 8 to be cooled. It cools through the container 2, puts into the 2nd preparation chamber 33b of the same cylinder, and cools by constant volume. In this way, the adiabatic contraction process is performed simultaneously when the first piston is lowered, the constant volume cooling process is performed when the second piston is lifted, and the heating and expansion process is performed simultaneously by joint operation of both pistons. The switching valves 14b, 24b, 28b, 35b, 36b opened at the bottom dead center of the first piston 11b, 21b and the top dead center of the second piston 26b, 31b are closed, and the switching valves 15b, 16b, 23b, 29b closed. , 34b are changed, the structure of the operation area is changed, and the adiabatic contraction process is performed by lowering the second piston, the constant volume cooling process is performed by raising the first piston, and the three processes of heating and expansion are performed simultaneously by joint operation of both pistons.

  1 and 2 are almost the same in manufacturing structure, only in functional configuration. Also, since the dual cylinder engine portion of FIGS. 3 and 4 is produced in the same manner, the construction structure is almost the same.

In the following description, A, B, a, and b are used in common description.
1 and 2 have the same outer diameter of the four partition plates 17, 18, 37, and 38, and match the internal dimensions of the casing 6. The cylinders 10, 20, 30 and the partition plates 17, 18, 37, 38 are fitted. A space is provided between the cylinders 10, 20, 30 and the casing 6, and a ventilation port 62 is provided in the ventilation path of the partition plate so that this space has the same pressure as the high pressure portion or the low pressure portion. From the cylindrical part to the driving part is fitted into the integral casing 6 to correct the distortion caused by the joints of the cylinders 10, 20, and 30, and the linearity is improved to make the movement of the pistons 11, 21, and 31 smooth. The casing 6 is provided with the thermal stress of the intake / exhaust pipe. The space between the cylinders 10, 20, 30 and the casing 6 prevents heat dissipation. The gear chamber partition plate 49 separates the push plate chamber 48 and the gear chamber 60.

  1 and 2 are also cross-sectional views showing the pistons 11, 21, 31, a method for fixing the pistons 11, 21, and a method for pressurizing the hollow portion. The pistons 11, 21, 31 are attached to the piston shaft 3 and reciprocate to function as a piston head, so that both surfaces are flat and the piston is hollow. The piston hollow part is pressurized to prevent deformation. For the above reasons, a groove is provided in the axial direction on the surface of the piston shaft 3 and an air passage is provided between the sliding tube 4 and connected to the push plate chamber 48 and the piston hollow portion through the air passage. Pressurize the hollow part. A hole communicating with the push plate chamber 48 is formed in the air passage of the auxiliary partition plate B39 and communicated with the high pressure portion or the low pressure portion. A discharge valve for discharging the accumulated lubricating oil is attached to the push plate chamber 48.

  FIG. 5 shows a lubrication system for the piston sliding surface. The pistons 11, 21, 31 have the piston rings 5 on both piston head sides, the interval between the installation positions is larger than the piston moving distance, and the piston ring 5 does not slide on the sliding surfaces of the cylinders 10, 20, 30. Make a lubricating oil inlet and outlet from outside the cylinder. Lubricating oil is injected from one side between the pistons 11, 21, 31 and the cylinders 10, 20, 30 sandwiched between the piston rings 5 and discharged from the other side. The lubricating oil is pushed up to the lubricating oil header 72 through the lubricating oil supply pipe 71 by the oil supply pump 70, and is distributed to the sliding surface of each piston and the shaft seal device 78 by the lubricating oil distribution pipe 73. The oil enters the piston oil tank 77 through the oil pipe 76 and is sucked up by the oil supply pump 70 and circulated. The piston oil tank 77 and the lubricating oil header 72 are adjusted to the same pressure by the pressure guiding pipe 75 to adjust the space pressure, and excess lubricating oil returns to the piston oil tank 77 through the overflow pipe 74. The pressure guiding pipe 75 is connected to the low pressure part 86 or the high pressure part 87.

  FIG. 6 is a view of the first operation chamber partition plate 18 as seen from the first preparation chamber 13 side, representing each partition plate. The internal ventilation path and the like are indicated by dotted lines. The first supply valve 16 block and the first exhaust valve 23 block were divided into two. The same number of first supply valves 16 and first exhaust valves 23 are installed in each block, and the first ventilation valve 24 is arranged equally in both blocks, so that the number of the three types of valves is approximately equal. . The second operation chamber partition plate 38 is exactly the same as the first operation chamber partition plate 18. The first auxiliary partition plate 17 has the same valve arrangement as the first operation chamber partition plate 18, has no vent valve, and has a first discharge valve 15 block and a first intake valve 14 block. Ventilation paths are created according to the use of each valve. The second auxiliary partition plate 37 is exactly the same as the first auxiliary partition plate 17. The partition plates 17, 18, 37, and 38 are flat on both sides of the plate and hollow on the inside. A switching valve is attached to the hollow part to allow the working fluid to pass, and the air passage is connected to the outside according to the opening provided in the casing 6, and the inflow side block and the outflow side block are divided into 2 minutes including the attachment position of the switching valve and the air passage. Then, the shaft seal device 78 attached to the sliding tube 4 is assembled. A groove is provided at the joint of the partition plates, and the lubricating oil pipes 73 and 76 of the shaft seal device 78 are passed therethrough.

  FIG. 7A shows a cross section of the switching valve. The switching valves 14, 15, 16, 23, 24, 28, 29, 34, 35, and 36 are a valve stem 50, a valve box 51, a first valve stem guide 52, a second valve stem guide 53, and a valve ring 57. Consists of. A valve is attached to the valve stem 50, a valve seat 51 is provided with a valve seat inside, a valve box vent hole 56 leading to the outside is provided, and valve stem guides 52 and 53 are provided for holding the valve stem 50, stoppers, and sliding parts. Leakage is prevented and the whole is fitted in the partition plate. The valve box vent hole 56 is opened in two stages, the upper and lower sides, around the valve box. The vent path leading from the valve box vent hole to the cylinder chamber or the external vent path is provided with a groove on the outside of the valve box, In addition, the air passage according to the application is configured. The switching valve is alternately opened and closed by the piston. The valve side is set to the high pressure side when the valve is closed, and the valve is pressed against the valve seat. When the valve is opened, the valve is fitted into the pocket so that the valve rod does not move except for opening and closing the valve rod. Further, a rod-shaped magnet 54 is embedded in the valve stem 50, and two ring-shaped magnetic bodies 55 are embedded in the first valve guide 52. When the valve stem 50 is pushed by the piston and moved to one side, the magnet 54 and the ring-shaped magnetic body 55 are When attracted and pushed from the opposite side, the magnet 55 is separated from the ring-shaped magnetic body 56 and is pulled by another ring-shaped magnetic body 56 to secure the position of the valve stem 50. FIG. 7B is a plan view of the mutual relationship between the rod-shaped magnet 54 and the ring-shaped magnetic body 55. Magnet 54 also rotates while the embedded opening and closing operation in the valve stem, the magnetic body to maintain any direction the same performance for a ring.

  FIG. 7a also shows the plunger cross-section of the piston head. A plunger 58 is embedded in a contact portion between the pistons 11, 21, 31 that push the switching valve and the valve rod 50 of the push plate 47. Plunger 58 should be below the height of the piston head when pushed in, and slightly higher than the piston head when popped out. Plunger 58 pushes valve rod 50 of the switching valve ahead of piston, Push the valve stem 50 securely at the dead center or bottom dead center. The pistons 11, 21, 31, the push plate 47, and the piston link 9 are fitted with the sliding tube 4 so that their positions are not displaced.

  FIG. 8 shows an external view of the switching valve. In FIG. 8A, the valve box ventilation holes are arranged in two upper and lower stages and used in a place where the ventilation passages of the partition plate do not cross up and down. In FIG. 8B, the valve box ventilation holes 56 are arranged in two upper and lower stages and used in a place where the ventilation passages of the partition plates cross each other. Although the valve box air passage is halved, the flow resistance is reduced by increasing the air passage area of the partition plate.

  FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view specific to the switching valve of the auxiliary partition plates 17 and 18 of the expansion engine. The open / closed state of the valve is a state in which the piston is pushed from below at the top dead center in accordance with FIGS. The left side of the partition plate is the high pressure part and the right side is the low pressure part. Arrows indicate the direction of working fluid flow when the valve is open. The first discharge valve 15, the first air supply valve 16, and the first exhaust valve 23 are closed, and the first intake valve 14 and the first vent valve 24 are opened.

  FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view specific to the switching valve of the auxiliary partition plates 17 and 18 of the contraction engine. The open / closed state of the valve is a state in which the piston is pushed from below at the top dead center in accordance with FIGS. The right side of the partition plate is the high pressure part and the left side is the low pressure part. Arrows indicate the direction of working fluid flow when the valve is open. The first discharge valve 15, the first air supply valve 16, and the first exhaust valve 23 are closed, and the first intake valve 14 and the first vent valve 24 are opened.

  11A shows a cross-sectional structure of the heat recovery unit 8, and FIG. 11B shows a planar structure of the heat exchange unit and the corrugated heat exchange plate 80. FIG. 10C shows a sectional view of the header portion. FIG. 10D is an exploded view of the heat exchange part. The heat recovery unit 8 has several heat exchange units 85 stacked to form a necessary heat exchange area, the inside of the heat exchange unit 85 serves as a low-pressure section passage 86, the outside serves as a high-pressure section passage 87, and the whole is housed in a pressure-resistant case 90. The working fluid flows the entire amount of the low-pressure part as a counter-current to the high-pressure part, and the interval between the low-pressure part passage 86 is made larger than the high-pressure part passage 87 so that the mass and heat amount of both are always on both sides of the heat recovery plate. Is the pressure ratio. By using the same heat exchange time for both, the exhaust heat quantity is recovered in total.

  The heat exchange unit 85 is made into a block and stored in the pressure-resistant case 90. The block is made by stacking several heat exchange units 85 and bolting the whole. The bolt passes through the inlet and outlet header 82 through which the low-pressure side working fluid passes, but all of the side plate 89 and the inlet / outlet set 88 are tightened together. The heat exchange unit 85 is provided with inlet / outlet headers 82 at both ends, a spacer 81 for securing a low-pressure section passage is placed between them, a corrugated heat exchange plate 80 is attached from both sides, and a peripheral joint is sandwiched between U-shaped plates 84 Seal with. The inlet / outlet header 82 is made of two plates having a bent edge and sandwiching a header spacer 83, and is provided with a slit through which a working fluid passes. The two header spacers 83 are uneven so that a hole or slit is formed around them, and a low-pressure section passage 86 is secured, and the inlet / outlet header 82 and the corrugated heat exchange plate 80 are fitted together. The corrugated heat exchange plate 80 is designed to withstand the differential pressure between the high pressure portion and the low pressure portion, copes with pressure fluctuations by corrugating the plate, prevents deformation, and increases the heat transfer exchange area. The spacer 81 is manufactured according to the wave so that the waved heat exchange plate 80 is not deformed by the differential pressure, and the low pressure portion passage 86 is always secured. The space between the pressure-resistant case 90 and the side plate 89 is defined as pressure equalizing chambers 91, 92, 95, 96 so that the working fluid can enter and exit the air passages evenly. The end of the heat exchange unit 85 that comes into contact with the pressure-resistant case 90 fills the spacer 81 in both the low-pressure part and the high-pressure part to prevent a short path of the working fluid.

  12, 13, 14, 15 are applications of the energy conversion system of the present invention and are basic system diagrams in which temperature conditions are changed. B is a PV diagram showing a reference temperature. 12, 13 and 14 are expansion engines, and FIG. 15 is a contraction engine. FIG. 14 is a comparison diagram with FIG. 15, and the temperature ratio is unified.

  FIG. 12 shows a case where there is a stable low temperature heat source and high temperature heat source as an expansion engine. The heater 1, the heat recovery device 8, and the cooler 2 are installed independently. Hot springs are used for high temperature sources, and river water is used for cold sources. This method has a temperature change due to disturbance or the like, and temperature ratio correction is difficult.

  In FIG. 13, a low-temperature side heat source as an expansion engine is made by the refrigerator 100 and an evaporator is installed at the bottom of the heat recovery unit 8 as the cooler 2 to increase the temperature ratio and increase the output. If the heater 1 is placed indoors, power can be generated while cooling. The temperature ratio can be adjusted relatively easily based on the high temperature side. External work is a normal temperature heat source with little loss, but the temperature difference cannot be increased.

  In FIG. 14, a low temperature side heat source as an expansion engine is made of room temperature air or water and placed at the bottom of the heat recovery unit 8 as a cooler 2, a high temperature source is formed by a boiler to increase the temperature ratio, and the heater 1 is replaced with the heat recovery unit 8. Put on the exit. The high-temperature heating fluid of this heat engine is released as it is after heating and has a large loss. This system is a conventional heat engine system, which obtains external work by adiabatic expansion of a high-temperature and high-pressure working fluid. Even if the thermal efficiency of the energy conversion system is 100%, the overall thermal efficiency is not 100%, and fuel is required.

  In FIG. 15, a low temperature side heat source is made as a contraction engine by air or water at normal temperature and is installed as a cooler 2 at the bottom of the heat recovery unit 8, and the high temperature source is temperature controlled by an electric heater with a generator attached to the heat engine output. This method is a heat engine that can increase the temperature ratio, recover heat, reduce loss, and does not require fuel.

  The working fluid pressure of the heat engine is such that the high-pressure tank 113 is connected to the working fluid passage close to normal temperature via the boost automatic valve 114 and the low-pressure tank 111 is connected via the pressure automatic valve 110. When the boost automatic valve 114 is opened, the fluid in the high pressure tank 113 enters the heat engine and the pressure is increased to increase the output. When the automatic pressure drop valve 110 is opened, the working fluid of the heat engine enters the low pressure tank 111 and the pressure is decreased. The air compressor 112 is placed between the low-pressure tank 111 and the high-pressure tank 113, and the air compressor 112 is operated so that the pressure of the low-pressure tank 111 is always the lowest pressure. FIG. 1 is a system diagram in which a step-up / down pressure inlet / outlet for air is collectively connected to a low-pressure portion between the heat recovery unit 8 and the cooler 2. 2, 11, 13, and 14, the high pressure tank 113 is connected to the outlet of the low pressure portion of the heat recovery unit 8 via the boost automatic valve 114, and the pressure reduction valve 110 is connected to the high pressure portion of the heat recovery unit 8. FIG. 3 is a system diagram in which a low-pressure tank 111 is connected. FIG. 12 is a system diagram in which the high pressure tank 113 is connected to the low pressure portion inlet of the heat recovery unit 8 via the pressure boosting automatic valve 114 and the low pressure tank 111 is connected to the high pressure portion of the heater 1 outlet via the pressure reduction automatic valve 110. .

It is an expansion engine sectional view of a triple cylinder engine part, and is a comprehensive system diagram showing a flow of working fluid. It is a contraction engine sectional view of a triple cylinder engine part, and is a comprehensive system diagram showing a flow of working fluid. It is an expansion engine sectional view of a double cylinder engine part, and is a comprehensive system diagram showing a flow of working fluid. It is a contraction engine sectional view of a double cylinder engine part, and is a comprehensive system diagram showing a flow of working fluid. It is a lubrication system figure of a piston and a partition plate sliding part. It is the figure which looked at the 1st operation room partition plate from the 1st preparation room side. It is a plunger just before hitting a switching valve and a valve stem, is a sectional view of both, and is a plane relation diagram of a magnet and a ring-shaped magnetic body embedded in the switching valve. It is an external view of a switching valve, and the flow of a valve box vent and working fluid is shown by arrows. It is sectional drawing which shows the gate valve opening and closing of the 1st auxiliary partition plate of an expansion engine, and a 1st action | operation chamber partition plate. It is sectional drawing which shows the gate valve opening and closing of the 1st auxiliary | assistant partition plate of a contraction engine, and a 1st action | operation chamber partition plate. The structure of a heat recovery device is shown. An application example of an expansion engine, its PV diagram, and a case where there is a stable high temperature and a stable low temperature are shown. An application example of an expansion engine, its PV diagram, and normal temperature and artificial low temperature are shown. An application example of an expansion engine, its PV diagram, and normal temperature and artificial high temperature are shown. An application example of a contraction engine, its PV diagram, and the case of normal temperature and artificial high temperature are shown. A basic diagram of a double cylinder engine of an expansion engine is shown. A basic diagram of a twin cylinder engine of a contraction engine is shown. The principle figure of a heat recovery device is shown.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Heater 2 Cooler 3 Piston shaft 4 Sliding tube 5 Piston ring 6 Casing 8 Heat recovery heat exchanger 9 Piston link 10 First auxiliary cylinder 11 First auxiliary piston 12 First auxiliary chamber 13 First preparation chamber 14 First 1 intake valve 15 1st discharge valve 16 1st air supply valve 17 1st auxiliary chamber partition plate 18 1st operation chamber partition plate 20 1st operation chamber cylinder
21 First operating chamber piston
22 1st operation chamber 23 1st exhaust valve 24 1st ventilation valve 25 2nd operation chamber cylinder
26 Second operating chamber piston
27 Second operation chamber 28 Second exhaust valve 29 Second vent valve 30 Second auxiliary cylinder 31 Second auxiliary piston 32 Second auxiliary chamber 33 Second preparation chamber 34 Second intake valve 35 Second discharge valve 36 Second air supply Valve 37 Second auxiliary chamber partition plate 38 Second operation chamber partition plate 47 Push plate 48 Push plate chamber 49 Gear chamber partition plate 50 Valve rod 51 Valve box 52 First valve rod guide 53 Second valve rod guide 54 Magnet 55 Ring-shaped magnetism Body 56 Valve box vent 57 Valve ring 58 Plunger 60 Gear chamber 62 Vent 63 Piston vent 65 Gear box 66 Power shaft 67 First arm gear 68 Second arm gear 69 Tie rod 70 Oil pump 71 Lubricating oil pipe 72 Lubricating oil Header 73 Lubricating oil distribution pipe 74 Overflow pipe 75 Pressure guiding pipe 76 Lubrication drain oil pipe 77 Piston oil tank 78 Shaft seal device 80 Heat exchange plate 81 Spacer 82 Header 83 Ddasupesa
84 U-shaped plate 85 Heat exchange unit 86 Low-pressure section passage 87 High-pressure section passage 88 Entrance / exit set 89 Side plate 90 Pressure-resistant case 91 Low-pressure section inlet, pressure equalization chamber 92 Low-pressure section outlet, pressure equalization chamber 93 Cooler inlet 94 Cooler outlet 95 High pressure side inlet, pressure equalizing chamber 96 High pressure side outlet, pressure equalizing chamber 97 Heater inlet 98 Heater outlet 100 Refrigerator 101 Cooling expansion valve 102 Radiator 103 Heat pump 104 Heat collecting expansion valve 105 Heat collecting device 106 Cooling Water pump 107 Generator 110 Step-down automatic valve 111 Low-pressure tank, line 112 Air compressor 113 High-pressure tank, line 114 Step-up automatic valve 115 Air inlet

Claims (4)

  A system comprising an engine part and a heat exchanging part, piped to the engine part and the high pressure passage (87) of the heater (1) and the heat recovery heat exchanger (8) is defined as a high pressure part. (2) and the system connecting the low pressure section passage (86) of the heat exchanger (8) for heat recovery to the low pressure section, three cylinders are arranged in series in the engine section, and the middle of the operating chamber cylinder ( 20A), the first auxiliary cylinder (10A) and the second auxiliary cylinder (30A) are smaller than the inner diameter of the operating chamber cylinder and have the same inner diameter on both sides, and each cylinder is separated by a partition plate (17A, 18A, 37A, 38A) The partition plate is provided with a switching valve and an air passage, and is connected to an external pipe. The first auxiliary piston (11A), the operating chamber piston (21A), the second auxiliary piston (31A) in each cylinder (10A, 20A, 30A). ) Is 1 The piston shaft (3A) is connected to the piston link (9A) that changes the linear motion into a rotational motion, and is used as a rotational output. At the top dead center or bottom dead center of the piston, the switching valve (14A, 15A , 16A, 23A, 24A, 28A, 29A, 34A, 35A, 36A) are alternately opened and closed to switch the air passage, and the ratio of the operating fluid temperature at the heater outlet to the operating fluid temperature at the cooler outlet The temperature ratio is equal to the pressure ratio, and the output is changed by injecting or discharging the working fluid of the apparatus and changing the overall pressure. The heat recovery heat exchanger (8) is provided on both sides of the heat exchange plate (80). By making the volume per unit area larger than the high-pressure part and making the ratio the pressure ratio, the mass and heat of the working fluid are exchanged with the same amount, and the first auxiliary cylinder is exchanged in the first auxiliary cylinder. The first auxiliary chamber (12A) and the first preparation chamber (13A) are formed by the tons (11A), and the first operation chamber (22A) and the second operation are formed in the operation chamber cylinder by the operation chamber piston (21A). Chamber (27A) is formed, and the second auxiliary cylinder (32A) is formed in the second auxiliary cylinder by the second auxiliary piston (31A), and these six chambers are switched over. The two chambers are connected by opening and closing to create three operation areas, the piston opens and closes the switching valve at the top dead center, and the first operation chamber (22A) adjacent to the first preparation chamber (13A) is the first vent valve. (24A) is opened and connected, and the piston is lowered by the pressure receiving area difference between the first auxiliary piston (11A) and the working chamber piston (21A), and the working fluid in the first preparation chamber (13A) is transferred to the first working chamber (22A). ) While changing the adiabatic expansion, the second working chamber (27A) and the first auxiliary The auxiliary chamber (12A) is connected by opening the second exhaust valve (28A) and the first intake valve (14A), and the piston back pressure in the first operation chamber (22A) and the first preparation chamber (13A) changing in adiabaticity is reduced. The same pressure helps the heat insulation change, and the working fluid in the second working chamber (27A) passes through the low pressure passage (86) and the cooler (2) of the heat exchanger (8) for heat recovery to the first auxiliary chamber (12A). The second auxiliary chamber (33A) of the same cylinder as the second auxiliary chamber (32A) is connected by opening the second discharge valve (35A) and the second air supply valve (36A), and the second auxiliary piston (31A) ), The working fluid in the second auxiliary chamber (32A) is moved to the second preparation chamber (33A) through the high pressure passage (87) of the heat recovery heat exchanger (8) and the heater (1), and the piston The preparation for the next operation is completed at the bottom dead center, the switching valve that was open is closed, and the switching valve that was closed Open and change the configuration of the operation area, connect the second preparation chamber (33A) and the second operation chamber (27A), connect the first operation chamber (22A) and the second auxiliary chamber (32A), the first auxiliary Adiabatic expansion type in which the first preparation chamber (13A) of the same cylinder as the chamber (12A) is connected, the piston is raised by the same change as when the piston is lowered, the preparation for the next operation is completed at the top dead center of the piston, and continuous operation is performed. An energy conversion system comprising a heat engine.   A system comprising an engine part and a heat exchanging part, piped to the engine part and the high pressure passage (87) of the heater (1) and the heat recovery heat exchanger (8) is defined as a high pressure part. (2) and the system connecting the low pressure section passage (86) of the heat exchanger (8) for heat recovery to the low pressure section, three cylinders are arranged in series in the engine section, and the middle of the operating chamber cylinder ( 20B), a first auxiliary cylinder (10B) and a second auxiliary cylinder (30B) that are larger than the inner diameter of the operating chamber cylinder and have the same inner diameter on both sides, and each cylinder is separated by a partition plate (17B, 18B, 37B, 38B) The partition plate is provided with a switching valve and an air passage, connected to the external pipe, and the first auxiliary piston (11B), the operation chamber piston (21B), the second auxiliary piston (in each cylinder (10B, 20B, 30B)) 31B) The piston shaft is connected to a piston shaft (3B), and the piston shaft is connected to a piston link (9B) that changes linear motion to rotational motion to produce a rotational output, and a switching valve (14B, 15B, 16B, 23B, 24B, 28B, 29B, 34B, 35B, and 36B) are alternately opened and closed to switch the air passage, and the ratio of the operating fluid temperature at the heater outlet to the operating fluid temperature at the cooler outlet The temperature ratio of the system is equal to the pressure ratio, and the output is changed by injecting or discharging the working fluid of the apparatus and changing the overall pressure. The heat recovery heat exchanger (8) is on both sides of the heat exchange plate (80). The volume per unit area of the high-pressure part is made larger than the high-pressure part, and the ratio is made the pressure ratio, so that the mass and heat of the working fluid are the same amount, and the heat is exchanged. The first auxiliary chamber (12B) and the first preparation chamber (13B) are formed by the stone (11B), and the first operation chamber (22B) and the second operation are operated by the operation chamber piston (21B) in the operation chamber cylinder. And a second preparation chamber (33B) and a second auxiliary chamber (32B) are formed in the second auxiliary cylinder by the second auxiliary piston (31B). The two chambers are connected by opening and closing to create three operation areas, the piston opens and closes the switching valve at the top dead center, and the first operation chamber (22B) adjacent to the first preparation chamber (13B) is the first ventilation valve (24B) is opened and connected, and the first auxiliary chamber (12B) has a higher pressure than the first preparation chamber (13B), and the working fluid in the first preparation chamber (13B) is changed to adiabatic contraction into the first operation chamber (22B). The second operating chamber (27B) and the first auxiliary chamber (12B) are moved to the second exhaust valve ( 28B) and the first suction valve (14B) are opened and connected, and the piston back pressure in the first working chamber (22B) and the first preparation chamber (13B), which change adiabatically, is set to the same pressure to assist in the adiabatic change. By lowering the piston by the pressure receiving area difference between the piston (11B) and the working chamber piston (21B), the working fluid in the second working chamber (27B) is passed through the high pressure section passage (87) of the heat exchanger for heat recovery (8). And the heater (1) to the first auxiliary chamber (12B), the second preparation chamber (33B) of the same cylinder as the second auxiliary chamber (32B), the second discharge valve (35B) and the second air supply valve (36B) is opened and connected, and the working fluid in the second auxiliary chamber (32B) is transferred by the second auxiliary piston (31B) to the low pressure section passage (86) and the cooler (2) of the heat exchanger for heat recovery (8). ) To the second preparation chamber (33B) To complete the preparation of the operation, close the open switching valve, open the closed switching valve to change the configuration of the operation area, connect the second preparation chamber (33B) and the second operation chamber (27B), The first working chamber (22B) and the second auxiliary chamber (32B) are connected, the first preparation chamber (13B) of the same cylinder as the first auxiliary chamber (12B) is connected, and the piston is raised by the same change as when the piston is lowered. An energy conversion system comprising an adiabatic contraction type heat engine continuously operating by completing preparation for the next operation at the top dead center of the piston. A system comprising an engine part and a heat exchanging part, piped to the engine part and the high pressure passage (87) of the heater (1) and the heat recovery heat exchanger (8) is defined as a high pressure part. (2) and the system connecting the low-pressure section passage (86) of the heat recovery heat exchanger (8) with a low-pressure section, the engine section is an operating chamber cylinder (20a) and an auxiliary cylinder having an inner diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the operating chamber cylinder (10a) are arranged in series, both sides of the auxiliary cylinder are separated by a partition plate (17a, 18a), a switching valve and a ventilation path are provided on the partition plate and connected to an external pipe, and each cylinder (10a, 20a) The auxiliary piston (11a) and the operating chamber piston (21a) are connected by a single piston shaft (3a), and the operating chamber piston is provided with a piston link that changes the linear motion of the piston into a rotational motion and is used as a rotational output. At the top dead center or bottom dead center, the switching valves (14a, 15a, 16a, 23a, 24a) are alternately opened and closed, the air passage is switched, and the operating fluid temperature at the heater outlet and the operating fluid temperature at the cooler outlet are switched. The ratio is the temperature ratio of this system = pressure ratio, and the output is changed by injecting or discharging the working fluid of the apparatus and changing the overall pressure. The heat recovery heat exchanger (8) has a heat exchange plate (80 ) The volume per unit area on both sides is larger than the high pressure part, and the ratio is made the pressure ratio, so that the mass and heat of the working fluid are the same amount, and the auxiliary cylinder is assisted by the auxiliary piston. The chamber (12a) and the preparation chamber (13a) are formed, the inside of the working chamber cylinder is the working chamber (22a), the switching valve is opened and closed at the top dead center of the piston, and the working chamber (22a) adjacent to the preparation chamber (13a) ) The ventilation valve (24a) The auxiliary piston (11a) and the operating chamber piston (21a) are moved down while the piston is lowered by the pressure receiving area difference, and the high-pressure operating fluid in the preparation chamber (13a) is changed into the operating chamber (22a) while undergoing adiabatic expansion change. The piston is lowered, the auxiliary chamber (12a) opens the suction valve (14a) and is connected to the low pressure portion, and the working fluid is connected to the low pressure portion passage (86) and the cooler (2) of the heat recovery heat exchanger (8). Through the low pressure section to the auxiliary chamber (12a), open and close the switching valve at the bottom dead center of the piston, close the switching valve that was open, open the switching valve that was closed, change the configuration of the operating area, 12a) and the preparatory chamber (13a) are connected by opening the discharge valve (15a) and the air supply valve (16a), and connected to the high pressure section, and the auxiliary piston (11a) is raised to heat the working fluid in the auxiliary chamber (12a). High pressure of recovery heat exchanger (8) The working chamber (22a) opens the exhaust valve (23a) to move the working fluid to the low pressure section and moves the working fluid to the low pressure section through the section passage (87) and the heater (1). Complete one cycle at the dead center, close the open switching valve, open the closed switching valve and change the configuration of the operating area to create a plurality of engine parts, and the piston of each engine part The shafts are linked with each other so as to move up and down with a time difference of 1 cycle / piston axis number, and the working fluid moves from the common high-pressure part to each preparation chamber of multiple engine parts. An energy conversion system comprising an adiabatic expansion heat engine in which a working fluid moves to each auxiliary chamber of a plurality of engine units . A system comprising an engine part and a heat exchanging part, piped to the engine part and the high pressure passage (87) of the heater (1) and the heat recovery heat exchanger (8) is defined as a high pressure part. (2) and the system connecting the low-pressure section passage (86) of the heat recovery heat exchanger (8) by piping is a low-pressure section, and the engine section is an operating chamber cylinder (20b) and an auxiliary cylinder having an inner diameter larger than the inner diameter of the operating chamber cylinder (10b) are arranged in series, both sides of the auxiliary cylinder are separated by a partition plate (17b, 18b), a switching valve and a ventilation path are provided on the partition plate and connected to an external pipe, and each cylinder (10b, 20b) The auxiliary piston (11b) and the operating chamber piston (21b) are connected by a single piston shaft (3b). The operating chamber piston is provided with a piston link that changes the linear motion of the piston into a rotational motion, and is used as a rotational output. At the top dead center or bottom dead center, the switching valves (14b, 15b, 16b, 23b, 24b) are alternately opened and closed, the air passage is switched, and the operating fluid temperature at the heater outlet and the operating fluid temperature at the cooler outlet are changed. The ratio is the temperature ratio of this system = pressure ratio, and the output is changed by injecting or discharging the working fluid of the apparatus and changing the overall pressure. The heat recovery heat exchanger (8) has a heat exchange plate (80 ) The volume per unit area on both sides is larger than the high pressure part, and the ratio is made the pressure ratio, so that the mass and heat of the working fluid are the same amount, and the auxiliary cylinder is assisted by the auxiliary piston. The chamber (12b) and the preparation chamber (13b) are formed, the operation chamber cylinder is the operation chamber (22b), the switching valve is opened and closed at the top dead center of the piston, and the operation chamber (22b) adjacent to the preparation chamber (13b) ) The ventilation valve (24b) And connecting the auxiliary chamber (12b) to a pressure higher than that of the preparation chamber (13b), moving the low-pressure working fluid in the preparation chamber (13b) into the operation chamber (22b) while changing the adiabatic contraction, and the auxiliary piston (11b). The piston is lowered by the pressure receiving area difference of the working chamber piston (21b), the auxiliary chamber (12b) opens the suction valve (14b) and connects to the high pressure portion, and the working fluid is connected to the high pressure portion of the heat recovery heat exchanger (8). Move from the high pressure section to the auxiliary chamber (12b) through the passage (87) and the heater (1), open and close the switching valve at the bottom dead center of the piston, close the switching valve that was open, and open the switching valve that was closed The structure of the operation area is changed, the auxiliary chamber (12b) and the preparation chamber (13b) are connected by opening the discharge valve (15b) and the supply valve (16b), and connected to the low pressure part, and the auxiliary piston (11b) is raised, Working fluid in auxiliary chamber (12b) The heat recovery heat exchanger (8) is moved from the low pressure section to the preparation chamber (13b) through the low pressure section passage (86) and the cooler (2), and the operation chamber (22b) operates by opening the exhaust valve (23b). Move the fluid to the high pressure section, complete one cycle at the top dead center of the piston, close the open switching valve, open the closed switching valve, change the configuration of the operating area, and continuously run the engine section. A plurality of the piston shafts of each engine unit are linked by a link so as to move up and down with a time difference of 1 cycle / the number of piston shafts from each other, and from a common high pressure unit to each auxiliary chamber of the plurality of engine units An energy conversion system comprising an adiabatic contraction type heat engine in which a working fluid moves and a working fluid moves from a common low-pressure part to each preparation chamber of a plurality of engine parts .

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