JP4437039B2 - 高強度マイクロ波アンテナ組立体及びその使用方法 - Google Patents
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Description
本出願は、2001年11月2日出願の米国特許出願第10/052,848号の一部継続出願である2002年10月15日出願の「高強度マイクロ波アンテナ組立体及びその使用方法」と題された米国特許出願第10/272,058号の優先権の利益を主張し、これらは各々引用によってその全体を本出願の記載に援用する。
本発明は、組織切除の用途で一般的に使用されるマイクロ波アンテナ・プローブ及びその使用方法に関する。さらに詳しく言うと、本発明は、疾病の診断及び治療のため組織に直接挿入されるマイクロ波アンテナに関する。
癌のような疾病の治療において、ある種の癌細胞は、通常、健康な細胞に有害となる温度よりわずかに低い高い温度で変性することが発見された。一般に、温熱療法として知られるこの種の治療は、通常、電磁放射を利用して病変細胞を41℃以上の温度に加熱し、その一方で、隣接する健康な細胞は、不可逆的な細胞の破壊を起こさない低い温度に維持される。また、電磁放射を利用して組織を加熱する他の処置には、組織の切除及び凝固が含まれる。例えば、月経過多症に対して行われるようなマイクロ波切除処置は、通常、目的組織を切除及び凝固させて、目的組織を変性させまた殺すためになされる。電磁放射療法を利用する多くの処置や装置の種類は、当技術分野で周知である。こうしたマイクロ波療法は、通常、前立腺、心臓、及び肝臓といった組織及び器官の治療の際に使用される。
本出願では、導入器又はカテーテル等の助けを借りずに、直接組織に挿入するのに十分なだけ構造的に堅固なマイクロ波アンテナ組立体が説明される。このマイクロ波アンテナ組立体は、一般に、放射部分から構成されるが、これは、給電路(又はシャフト)に接続し、その給電路は、ケーブルによって発生器のような電力発生源に接続すればよい。このマイクロ波組立体は、モノポール・マイクロ波アンテナ組立体でもよいが、好適には、ダイポール組立体である。放射部分の先端部分は、好適には、先端を終端とする先細の端部を有し、最小の抵抗で組織に直接挿入できるようになっている。近位部分は、先端部分の近位側に配置され、接合部材は、好適には、両方の部分の間に配置される。
患者の組織の患部範囲を侵襲的に治療する際、患者に外傷が発生し、その結果、苦痛及び他の合併症が発生することがある。本出願で説明される様々なマイクロ波アンテナ組立体は、現在利用可能な装置より外傷を発生することが少なく、以下に、さらに詳細に説明するように、この装置を製造する方法も説明される。一般に、本発明の装置は、疾病の診断及び治療の目的で、マイクロ波アンテナを組織に直接挿入することを可能にする。図1は、本発明のマイクロ波アンテナ組立体10の1つのバリエーションに係る代表図を示す。アンテナ組立体10は、一般に、給電路14(又はシャフト)によってケーブル15を介してコネクタ16に接続可能な放射部分12から構成されており、そのコネクタ16は、さらに組立体10を、例えば、発生器である電力発生源28に接続できる。図示されるように、組立体10は、ダイポール・マイクロ波アンテナ組立体であるが、例えば、モノポール又は漏洩波アンテナ組立体といった他のアンテナ組立体でも、本出願に記載の原理を利用できる。放射部分12の先端部分20は、好適には、先端26を終端とする先細の端部24を有し、最小の抵抗で組織に挿入することを可能にしている。放射部分12を既存の開口に挿入する場合、先端26は、先丸又は平坦な形状でもよい。
一般に、図1のアンテナ組立体10は、圧縮荷重を使用してアンテナ強度を増大できる1つのバリエーションを示している。近位部分22は先端部分20の近位側に配置され、接合部材18は、好適には、先端及び近位部分20、22による圧縮力が接合部材18に印加されるように2つの部材の間に配置される。組織に挿入する前に、先端及び近位部分20、22を、プレストレスを与えた状態に置くことによって、組立体は、以下詳細に説明するように、最小のアンテナ直径を保持したまま、導入器又はカテーテル等の助けを借りずに、組織に挿入できる十分な剛性を保持できる。
上記で説明したように圧縮荷重を使用してアンテナ強度を増大することとは別に、組織への直接挿入に耐えるようアンテナ強度を増大する代替方法を利用してもよい。1つの代替バリエーションは、機械的固着法を使用するアンテナ組立を含んでもよい。例えば、図15は、分解された状態の組立体として、機械的なネジ接合の断面図で示されたバリエーション、又は「ネジ込み式」のバリエーション240を示す。見られるように、近位部分242は、第1及び第2の接合嵌め合い区分(それぞれ252、254)を有する接合部材を使用して先端部244に接合すればよい。
アンテナ組立の別のバリエーションは、近位及び先端部分を互いに取り付ける重ね又は嵌合継手の使用によるものである。図17は、圧着又は重ねによるバリエーション290を示す。近位部分292は、好適には、内部導体302により、かつ近位部分292の先端端部区分を圧着により、先端チップ又は先端部分294に取り付けられ、部分294は、成形物300を介して定位置に保持され、この成形物300も、好適には、生体適合熱硬化性プラスチック又はポリマー(本出願で説明された誘電体材料の何れかを含む)といった誘電体である。先端端部区分、即ち、圧着された誘電体296と圧着された外部導体298とは、好適には、先端端部に向かって直径が小さくなるように圧着又は先細にされる一方、誘電体296のうち、圧着された外部導体298に近い部分は、図示されるように、成形物300を内部に形成するように部分的に除去してもよい。内部導体302を近位及び先端部分(それぞれ292、294)の間に保持しつつ、組立体を保持する金型又はプリフォーム内で成形物300を射出成形して、両部分292、294と一体の構造を形成してもよい。また、成形物300は、図17に示されるような先細の端部といった望ましい用途に応じて様々な形状に成形してもよい。
マイクロ波アンテナを組立てる様々な方法とは別に、先端チップ又は先端放射部分を組立体の残りの部分に取り付ける多様な方法が存在する。望ましいアンテナ組立体の特性に応じて、以下に説明する様々な方法を、本出願で説明される何れかの組立体のバリエーションで使用してもよい。
上記で説明したように、波長λを有するエネルギーは、マイクロ波アンテナを通って伝達され、その後周囲媒体に放射される。オペレーションにおいて、波長λを有するマイクロ波エネルギーは、アンテナ組立体を通じて近位及び先端両方の放射部分に沿って伝達される。その後、このエネルギーは、周囲媒体に放射される。有効な放射のためのアンテナの長さは、少なくとも実効波長λeffに依存し、これは、放射を受ける媒体の誘電特性に依存する。実効波長を有するエネルギーが放射され、それに続いて周囲媒体が加熱される。波長λのマイクロ波エネルギーが伝達されるアンテナ組立体は、例えば、胸部組織に対する肝臓組織といった周囲媒体に依存して異なる実効波長λeffを有する。また、アンテナ組立体の上に配置される被覆も、実効波長λeffに影響される。
上記で説明したように、マイクロ波アンテナは、治療すべき組織及び病巣に直接挿入してもよい。しかし、挿入する際、アンテナは、ある範囲の組織、特に、例えば、胸部に見られるある組織の抵抗に遭遇することがある。マイクロ波アンテナが抵抗に遭遇し、力が加えられると、組織が損傷したり、周囲組織に対する目的組織に係る密度の差のために、不注意に押しのけられたりすることがある。従って、組織内の配置を容易にするために、RFエネルギーをマイクロ波アンテナと共に利用してもよい。
マイクロ波アンテナを使用する際、いくつかの異なる方法を利用してもよい。図35Aは、組織内で単一のアンテナ582を利用する1つのバリエーション580の等角図を示す。図35Bは、アンテナ582と、この単一のアンテナ582を使用して得られる切除領域又は範囲584の例との端面図を示す。この場合、アンテナ582は、直接、治療する組織内に配置すればよい。
Claims (37)
- マイクロ波エネルギー治療を行うマイクロ波アンテナ組立体であって、
各々貫通して延びる内部導体と外部導体とを有し、前記内部導体が前記外部導体内に配置された近位部分と、
前記内部導体が少なくとも部分的に内部に延びるように前記近位部分に取り付けられた先端部分とを備え、
前記近位部分と前記先端部分が各々互いに嵌め合うように構成され、該近位部分と該先端部分が、プレストレス状態で該先端部分と該近位部分の間を電気的に絶縁するよう適合した機械係合継手によって互いに固定的に位置決めされ、さらに、前記近位部分と前記先端部分の双方が組織に直接挿入されるよう適合しているマイクロ波アンテナ組立体。 - 前記機械係合継手が、前記近位部分と前記先端部分の間に配置された接合部材を備える請求項1に記載のマイクロ波アンテナ組立体。
- 前記接合部材が、誘電体材料を有する請求項2に記載のマイクロ波アンテナ組立体。
- 前記先端部分が、先細先端部を有する請求項1に記載のマイクロ波アンテナ組立体。
- 前記近位部分と前記先端部分が、前記アンテナ組立体を通じて放射を伝達する際に放射するのに適合した請求項1に記載のマイクロ波アンテナ組立体。
- 前記近位部分と前記先端部分が、前記アンテナ組立体によって伝達される前記放射の実効波長に比例する長さを有する請求項5に記載のマイクロ波アンテナ組立体。
- 前記先端部分が、金属又は誘電体材料を有する請求項1に記載のマイクロ波アンテナ組立体。
- 前記先端部分が、溶接、蝋付け、はんだ付け、及び接着剤からなるグループから選択されて前記内部導体に取り付けられる請求項1に記載のマイクロ波アンテナ組立体。
- 前記アンテナ組立体の上に少なくとも部分的に配置された誘電体被覆を備える請求項1に記載のマイクロ波アンテナ組立体。
- 前記誘電体被覆が、セラミックを有する請求項9に記載のマイクロ波アンテナ組立体。
- 前記アンテナ組立体の上に少なくとも部分的に配置されたシーラント被覆を備える請求項1に記載のマイクロ波アンテナ組立体。
- 前記先端部分の近位側に配置され、前記外部導体と電気的に接続される導電層を備える請求項1に記載のマイクロ波アンテナ組立体。
- 前記近位部分と前記先端部分の間に配置された誘電体材料を備える請求項1に記載のマイクロ波アンテナ組立体。
- 前記先端部分が、少なくとも、嵌め合い継手で第2の区分と嵌合する第1の区分を備え、前記第1及び第2の区分が一体型先端部分を形成する請求項1に記載のマイクロ波アンテナ組立体。
- 前記機械係合継手が、ネジ面を備える請求項1に記載のマイクロ波アンテナ組立体。
- 前記ネジ面が、ネジ付き先端区分及び近位区分を有する接合部材を備える請求項15に記載のマイクロ波アンテナ組立体。
- 前記機械係合継手が、各々の部分の間に係る締り嵌めを備える請求項1に記載のマイクロ波アンテナ組立体。
- 前記機械係合継手が、前記近位部分と前記先端部分の間に延びる複数のピンを備える請求項1に記載のマイクロ波アンテナ組立体。
- 前記機械係合継手が、前記近位部分と前記先端部分に沿って半径方向に配置された複数の突起を備える請求項1に記載のマイクロ波アンテナ組立体。
- マイクロ波エネルギー治療を行うマイクロ波アンテナ組立体であって、
各々貫通して延びる内部導体と外部導体とを有し、該内部導体が該外部導体内に配置された近位部分と、
長手方向の厚みを有し前記内部導体が貫通するようにして前記近位部分の先端に配置された結合部材と、
前記内部導体が少なくとも部分的に内部に延びるように前記結合部材の先端に配置された先端部分とを備え、
前記近位部分と前記先端部分が組織に直接挿入されかつ前記結合部材の少なくとも一部に圧縮力を印加し、さらに該結合部材が該先端部分と該近位部分の間を電気的に絶縁するよう適合される、マイクロ波アンテナ組立体。 - 前記近位部分が、前記先端部分の近位端部を受けて摩擦によって保持するように構成される請求項20に記載のマイクロ波アンテナ組立体。
- 前記先端部分が、前記近位部分の先端端部を受けて摩擦によって保持するように構成される請求項20に記載のマイクロ波アンテナ組立体。
- 前記重ね継手が、前記近位部分と前記先端部分の間に延びる複数のピンを備え、該近位部分及び前記先端部分の各々が、それぞれ前記複数のピンを受ける複数の対応する穴を形成する請求項20に記載のマイクロ波アンテナ組立体。
- 前記先端部分が、前記先端部分の外部表面上に半径方向に配置された複数の突起を備え、前記近位部分が、該近位部分の内部表面内に半径方向に形成された複数のくぼみを備え、前記複数の突起が、前記複数のくぼみと密接に嵌め合うように構成され、前記先端部分が前記近位部分に対して固定して保持される請求項20に記載のマイクロ波アンテナ組立体。
- 前記先端部分を前記近位部分に挿入する際、前記複数の突起が前記外部表面内に少なくとも部分的に後退するように構成される請求項24に記載のマイクロ波アンテナ組立体。
- 前記近位部分が、前記内部表面内に形成される前記複数のくぼみから前記近位部分の外部表面に半径方向に延びる複数の溝を形成する請求項24に記載のマイクロ波アンテナ組立体。
- 前記近位部分と前記先端部分の間に配置された誘電体材料を備える請求項20に記載のマイクロ波アンテナ組立体。
- マイクロ波エネルギー治療を行うマイクロ波アンテナ・システムであって、
内部導体と外部導体とを備える少なくとも1つのマイクロ波アンテナを備え、
前記少なくとも1つのマイクロ波アンテナは、その近位部分と先端部分の間に前記内部導体が貫通するようにして配置された結合部材を有し、該結合部材はプレストレス状態で該先端部分と該近位部分の間を電気的に絶縁するよう適合され、
前記内部導体が、前記外部導体の内部に少なくとも部分的に延び、該外部導体の内部に配置され、前記内部導体の先端部が、エネルギーを前記先端部分に印加するとともに、前記外部導体を通り越して先端方向に延長されて摺動的に配置されるシステム。 - 前記マイクロ波アンテナの近位端部と接続されるエネルギー発生器を備える請求項28に記載のシステム。
- 前記エネルギー発生器が、マイクロ波エネルギー発生器を備える請求項29に記載のシステム。
- 前記エネルギー発生器が、RFエネルギー発生器を備える請求項29に記載のシステム。
- 前記内部導体の前記先端部分に印加される前記エネルギーが、RFエネルギーを有する請求項31に記載のシステム。
- 前記エネルギー発生器と電気的に接続されるチャネル分配器であって、前記チャネル分配器が、該エネルギー発生器から受信した単一のチャネルから多数のチャネルを生成するのに適合している請求項29に記載のシステム。
- 前記チャネル分配器と電気的に接続された前記チャネル分配器の繰り返し周期を制御する制御装置を備える請求項33に記載のシステム。
- 前記制御装置が、前記アンテナへの電気接続が存在するかを検出するのに適合した請求項34に記載のシステム。
- 前記外部導体の上に少なくとも部分的に配置されたチョークを備える請求項28に記載のシステム。
- 前記内部導体が、前記内部導体の少なくとも一部の上に絶縁性被覆を有し、前記内部導体の先端チップが、前記絶縁性被覆によって覆われていない請求項28に記載のシステム。
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2002
- 2002-10-15 US US10/272,058 patent/US7128739B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-10-29 WO PCT/US2002/034827 patent/WO2003039385A2/en active Application Filing
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US20060282069A1 (en) | 2006-12-14 |
EP2226098A1 (en) | 2010-09-08 |
EP3305231A1 (en) | 2018-04-11 |
EP2226098B1 (en) | 2017-11-29 |
WO2003039385A3 (en) | 2003-11-13 |
US7128739B2 (en) | 2006-10-31 |
WO2003039385A9 (en) | 2004-02-12 |
EP2226030A1 (en) | 2010-09-08 |
EP2226030B1 (en) | 2012-12-05 |
WO2003039385A2 (en) | 2003-05-15 |
JP2005507736A (ja) | 2005-03-24 |
EP1450710A2 (en) | 2004-09-01 |
US20030109862A1 (en) | 2003-06-12 |
EP1450710B1 (en) | 2017-10-25 |
EP1450710A4 (en) | 2010-03-10 |
US7862559B2 (en) | 2011-01-04 |
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