JP4417146B2 - Greening method on artificial ground, greening structure and water retention drainage base material used there - Google Patents

Description

  In the present invention, for example, a water retention / drainage base material for vegetation is placed on an inclined or flat roof of a factory or a general house or on an artificial ground such as a terrace, and the artificial ground is greened using the same. And a greening structure with greenery. The present invention also relates to a water retention / drainage base material used therein.

  In recent years, as a part of urban greening or as a countermeasure for heat islands, artificial surfaces were created that were not natural soil surfaces, such as sloped or flat roofs or terraces of factories and ordinary houses, and the surfaces were not soil. A customer's soil is laid on a slope or a plane (in the present invention, such a surface is called “artificial ground”), and a plant is cultivated there. In artificial ground, it is difficult to ensure water retention and drainage at the same time, and it is not easy to maintain and manage the customer soil above it in a state suitable for vegetation.

  As one solution, in Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-8111), cultivated soil (custom soil) is placed on a nonwoven fabric, and a ground cover plant such as turf is vegetated on the cultivated soil. A greening structure is described in which a ground covering mat that is entangled with a nonwoven fabric through a soil is placed on an artificial ground via a detachable engaging means. Yes.

  In addition, for the purpose of ensuring water retention and drainage at the same time on artificial ground, artificially constructed water retention and drainage base materials for vegetation made of resin foam such as expanded polystyrene are considered in light weight and heat insulation. They are also placed on the ground and vegetated on them. An example of such a water retention and drainage base material is described in Patent Document 2 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-169665). This water retention drainage base material 70 is intended to be used on an inclined surface, and as shown in FIG. 13, sandwiching a drainage groove 72 in which a water retention recess 71 that becomes horizontal when placed on an artificial ground runs vertically and horizontally. A large number of drainage channels 73 are formed on the side surfaces, and drainage passages 74 are formed on the bottom surface. Each water retaining recess 71 is partitioned by a peripheral wall 75 and is independent of each other. A certain amount of water is secured in each water retaining recess 71 by watering or by rain, and the overflowed water is quickly discharged through the drainage groove 72, the vertical drainage groove 73, and the drainage passage 74. Each of the water retaining recesses 71 is formed with a protrusion 76 for maintaining a space and supporting a water permeable sheet (not shown).

  Patent Document 3 (JP-A-6-225627) describes a plant vegetation panel disposed on a flat surface such as a rooftop. In this panel, a large number of chevron protrusions are formed in order to obtain a space between the soil and a large number of drainage grooves are formed therebetween. The water retaining portion is a large number of concave portions formed on the slopes of the mountain-shaped protrusions, and rainwater other than the amount accumulated in the concave portions flows down the slopes and is drained from the drain grooves.

  Further, Patent Document 4 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-95348) describes a roof greening structure in which a planting device is arranged on a heat insulating material laid so as to cover a roof surface. The heat insulating material retains the water retention drainage and ventilation performance, and the water retention recesses are arranged in parallel from the ridge side (upper inclined surface) to the eaves side (lower inclined surface), and each is connected by a vertical drainage groove. I am doing so.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-8111 JP 2001-169665 A JP-A-6-225627 JP 2002-95348 A

  The greening structure described in Patent Document 1 has a water retention property such that there is a soil for a ground covering mat, and can easily green on an artificial ground such as a roof. However, there is no consideration for long-term irrigation, water retention or surplus water. To use it as a greening structure such as permanent artificial ground or rooftop, prepare materials and irrigation systems with water retention and drainage functions separately. It will be necessary. In addition, when the ground mat is detached from the base, the soil used for the ground mat falls onto the base and the fixing force between the base and the engaging means is weakened. It is possible that the ground covering mat is inadvertently peeled off.

  By arranging a water retention / drainage base material as described in Patent Document 2 on the artificial ground and performing vegetation thereon, permanent greening on the artificial ground becomes possible. However, in plant cultivation using the above water retention drainage base material, it is desired that a constant amount of water is always stored in all the water retention recesses, and there are places where the water retention amount is partially small or not retained. When this occurs, the nearby plant will develop a growth disorder. In the water retention drainage base material of the form shown in FIG. 13, each water retention recess is independent, and the water overflowing from one water retention recess is discharged as it is from the drainage groove. Therefore, it is necessary to sprinkle or supply water so that all the water retaining recesses are evenly distributed, and the operation is not easy.

  In addition, it is necessary to pay particular attention during the drought season in the summer because a lot of water is drained unnecessarily in both cases of watering and water supply. Furthermore, since the amount of water consumed by plants varies depending on the outside air environment, or depending on the type of plant and vegetation mode, it is required to supply the required amount of water without waste. In the water retention drainage base material of the above-described form in which it is necessary to individually supply water to the water retention recesses, it is not easy to efficiently execute it.

  The same applies to those described in Patent Document 3 and Patent Document 4, and the water overflowing from one water retaining recess is drained as it is through the lowest drainage groove and does not reach other water retaining recesses. There is no particular problem when water supply by rainfall is expected, but when water supply by a hose is performed, it has the same problem as the water retention drainage base material for vegetation shown in FIG.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and the vegetation mat is unintentionally peeled off during strong winds, etc., with a firm fixing force between the vegetation mat and the water retention drainage base material or artificial ground. The purpose is to prevent. In addition, another purpose is to enable irrigation and water retention over a long period of time, and to permanently and stably green the artificial ground such as roofs and rooftops. Is to provide. Furthermore, another object is a water retention / drainage base material that can be used in the above-mentioned greening method and greening structure, wherein water is supplied equally from a single location to a plurality of water retention recesses. Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a more improved water retention / drainage base material that can simplify and simplify the water supply operation and reduce waste of water.

  The present invention is a greening method for planting on the artificial ground using a water retention drainage base material, fixing the water permeable sheet to the water retention drainage base material so as to cover the water retention drainage base material having a water retention recess, By placing a vegetation mat that holds the soil by entwining the roots of the plant on its upper surface, planting without using the soil, plant roots are entangled with the permeable sheet It is characterized by integrating the water retention drainage base material, the water permeable sheet, the soil and the plant by integrating with the sheet.

  In the present invention, examples of artificial ground include roofs of factories and ordinary houses, rooftops, verandas or terraces of buildings, places where concrete is placed outdoors and greening is desired, underground parking lots, underground water storage basins And the ground surface of underground structures such as wastewater treatment plants. The artificial ground may be a horizontal surface or an inclined surface.

  In the present invention, the water retention / drainage base material may be any water retention / drainage base material provided that it has a water retention recess. From the viewpoint of lightness and heat insulation, it is desirable to be an integrally molded product of resin foam, especially a molded product of expanded polystyrene from the viewpoint of moldability and strength, but the artificial ground that is the target of installation limits the weight. When it is a place where it is not received, it may be made of non-foamed synthetic resin, concrete, foam mortar or the like.

  In the present invention, the water-permeable sheet is formed by placing a vegetation mat that holds soil by entanglement of plant roots on the upper surface thereof, so that the plant root is entangled with the water-permeable sheet and integrated with the water-permeable sheet. Anything can be used. The plant root may remain in the water permeable sheet, or may pass through the water permeable sheet and extend to the water retention / drainage base material side. However, if the roots extend too far toward the water retention / drainage base material, the flow of water in the water retention / drainage base material will be obstructed, so select the type of plant or permeable sheet so that it does not become such a state. Is desirable.

  The material of the water permeable sheet is preferably a woven fabric, a non-woven fabric, a network made of resin fibers, a resin sheet in which a plurality of holes are arranged, or a wire mesh, but the non-woven fabric is particularly preferable. It may be a non-woven fabric that has water permeability but does not allow plant roots to pass therethrough.

  In the present invention, the water-permeable sheet further secures a space between the vegetation mat and the water retention concave portion of the water retention drainage base material so as not to hinder the respiration of the plant root, and the water in the water retention concave portion Make it possible to reach the roots of the plants in the vegetation mat effectively by becoming moisture, to allow the rainwater and water spray to flow without remaining in the vegetation mat, and the water retention drainage base material is resin foam When it is made of a body, it also has operational effects such as preventing deterioration due to direct sunlight.

  In this invention, Preferably, a water-permeable sheet is faithfully covered and fixed so that the shape of a water retention / drainage base material may be met. The fixing means may be appropriately selected from the relationship with the material of the water retention / drainage base material. For example, when the water retention / drainage base material is made of resin foam, it may be adhesive, nail, hook-and-loop fastener, etc. What is necessary is just to fix by a means.

  According to the greening method on the artificial ground of the present invention, since the roots of the plants in the vegetation mat are entangled and integrated with the water-permeable sheet fixed so as to cover the water retention drainage base material, the water retention drainage base material And the water permeable sheet, soil and plant are firmly integrated. For this reason, for example, even when a strong wind blows in vegetation on the rooftop, the vegetation mat does not peel off carelessly as a whole. Thereby, the greening on the effective artificial ground can be completed.

  When the artificial ground is an inclined surface, it is preferable from the viewpoint of easiness of work and stability to use a water retaining and drainage base material having a stepped upper surface. In that case, you may make it a water-permeable sheet | seat cover only the horizontal surface part instead of the whole surface including the side surface used as the staircase of the water retention drainage base material. On the other hand, while the plants are not sufficiently grown, the side surfaces that became the staircase of the water retention drainage base material will be irradiated with sunlight, and if the water retention drainage base material is made of resin foam, deterioration due to ultraviolet rays will occur. Is also possible. When it is desirable to avoid it, it is desirable to cover the entire surface including the side surfaces that are stepped with a water permeable sheet.

  Preferably, the water permeable sheet is fixed to the water retention / drainage base material by using a sheet having a size capable of covering a plurality of water retention / drainage base materials. Thereby, several water retention drainage base materials come to be integrated, and the stability of a greening structure improves more. Furthermore, by fixing the water retention / drainage base material to the artificial ground by an appropriate means and integrating the entire water retention / drainage base material, the water permeable sheet, the soil, the plant, and the artificial ground, stabilization over a longer period can be ensured.

  The present invention also provides a water retention / drainage base material disposed on the artificial ground and a water retention / drainage base material so as to cover the water retention / drainage base material as a greening structure on the artificial ground produced by the above method. At least a permeable mat and a vegetation mat that retains soil by entanglement of plant roots placed on the upper surface of the permeable sheet, and the vegetation mat is permeable to water without using soil. By placing the plant on the permeable sheet and planting it, the roots of the plant of the vegetation mat are entangled with the permeable sheet and integrated with the permeable sheet, so that the water retention drainage base material, the permeable sheet, the soil and the plant are integrated. There is also disclosed a greening structure on an artificial ground characterized by the above.

  The artificial ground is not limited and may be any artificial ground described in the above description of the greening method, but the artificial ground is a sloped roof because the intended purpose of the present invention can be more effectively exhibited. Particularly preferred. At that time, long-term vegetation can be easily performed by providing water supply means for supplying water to the water retention drainage base material positioned at the top.

  In addition, the greening structure on the artificial ground according to the present invention is stable by itself, but it is preferable to further dispose the parting material along the outer peripheral edge of the water retention drainage base material, It is possible to further improve the stability of a plurality of water retention and drainage base materials arranged on the artificial ground. In addition, the appearance is improved. Furthermore, the overall stability can be further ensured by fixing the water-permeable sheet to the water retention / drainage base material using a parting material.

  In the greening method and the greening structure on the artificial ground according to the present invention described above, the structure of the water retention / drainage base material to be used is not particularly limited. However, as the water retention drainage base material, a plurality of water retention recesses are defined by a peripheral wall, one or more first partition walls, and one or more second partition walls intersecting the first partition walls. A unit water retaining portion is formed by two or more water retaining recesses that are partitioned in the horizontal direction, and the unit water retaining portions are arranged in two or more rows in the vertical direction via the second partition wall. A first water guide groove is formed in each first partition wall that divides each water retaining recess that constitutes, and each water retaining recess is held at a predetermined water retaining amount by the water that overflows and flows therethrough. The second partition wall is formed with at least one second water guide groove connecting at least one water retaining recess of the adjacent upstream unit water retaining portion and at least one water retaining recess of the downstream unit water retaining portion. The water in the upstream unit water retention section is Position water retention drainage infrastructure material that flows into the water-holding section, it is preferable to use.

  In the above water retention drainage base material, if water is supplied to at least one water retention recess by a hose, the supplied water overflows the first water guide groove formed in the first partition after filling the water. Then, it flows into the next water retaining recess next to it, and it is filled with water. Thereafter, this is sequentially repeated, and all the water retaining recesses arranged in the lateral direction are filled with water, and the water supply to the unit water retaining portion is completed. The water that is filled with the unit water retention part overflows the second water guide groove formed in the second partition wall that divides the unit water retention parts, and flows into the water retention recesses of the adjacent unit water retention parts. The inflow start time is determined by the depth of the second water guide groove formed in the second partition.

  In the case where the first water guide groove and the second water guide groove have the same depth, the water holding recess facing the second water guide groove is filled with water, and at the same time, the inflow into the adjacent unit water holding part starts. When the bottom of the first water guide groove is deeper than the bottom of the second water guide groove, when the water level of all the water holding recesses of the upstream unit water holding part rises to that level, the downstream unit water holding The flow into the department begins. In the downstream unit water retention unit, the water supply to each water retention recess proceeds in the same manner as in the upstream unit water retention unit.

  Hereinafter, the water supply mode is repeated in all unit water retention units. In this way, water can be supplied equally to a plurality of water retaining recesses by supplying water from one place, so that the water supply operation becomes extremely easy.

  There may be only one second water guide groove formed in the second partition wall. Since the water supply speed to the downstream unit water retaining part is determined by the number of second water guide grooves formed in the second partition wall, it may be determined appropriately in consideration of the actual vegetation environment.

  When the water supply to the water retention recesses of all the unit water retention units is completed, the water levels of the water retention recesses become equal, and no water is wasted in the process. At this point, the water supply from the hose may be stopped, or the supply may be continued slightly. If the water consumption can be predicted from the vegetation environment, it is possible to maintain a good vegetation environment without waste by adjusting the opening of the faucet so that the corresponding amount of water is continuously supplied. it can. Usually, a drainage channel that can maintain a predetermined water level is provided in the most downstream unit water retention unit, and a part of the water supply is continuously drained. Thereby, it is possible to avoid adversely affecting the vegetation when the amount of water required by the plant increases rapidly.

  Even if a large amount of water is supplied to the water retention drainage base material by raining or by watering for some reason, the root rot of the plant does not occur because the water is stored only up to the height of the surrounding partition wall.

  In the water retention / drainage base material described above, the first water guide groove and / or the second water guide groove may be formed also on the peripheral wall. In this form, a vegetation area having a large area can be ensured by arranging an arbitrary number of water retention and drainage base materials in a state where the peripheral walls are in close contact with each other in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. In that case, the first water guide groove and / or the second water guide groove should not be formed in the outer peripheral wall portion of the water retention / drainage base material which is the outermost side, or when the formed one is used, it is removed by appropriate means. It is desirable to close it. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the water from being unnecessarily drained and to eliminate the waste of water. Furthermore, if the means for joining is formed in a surrounding wall, an attachment aspect can be stabilized.

  In the water retention / drainage base material, the bottom surface and the top surface may be substantially parallel surfaces, or one surface may be inclined with respect to the other. In any case, the upper end surfaces of all the unit water retaining portions may be located in the same plane, or there may be portions located at different heights in a staircase shape.

  The water retention / drainage base material is preferably an integrally molded product of a resin foam from the viewpoint of lightness and heat insulation, in particular, a molded product of expanded polystyrene from the viewpoint of moldability and strength. When the artificial ground is a place where the weight is not limited, it may be made of non-foamed synthetic resin, concrete, foamed mortar, or the like.

  When the above water retention drainage base material is installed on a horizontal artificial ground, the bottom surface and the top surface are almost parallel, water may be supplied from the water supply means to the water retention recess in any place. It is desirable to supply water from the water retaining recess located in the center as much as possible so that the water supply proceeds all over time. Of course, the water supply location need not be limited to one location, and may be performed at a plurality of locations. You may make it install permanently the water supply hose which provided the water supply port in the position facing a some recessed part for water retention.

  When installing the above water retention drainage base material having a stepped upper surface on a horizontal artificial ground, water is supplied to any one or a plurality of water retention recesses of the unit water retention units located at the upper level. . The same applies to the case where the water retention / drainage base material is installed on the inclined artificial ground, and water is supplied from the water supply means to any one or a plurality of water retention recesses in the upper unit water retention unit.

  The water retention / drainage base material can be effectively used in the greening method and the greening structure on the artificial ground according to the present invention as described above, but is not limited thereto, and any other and conventionally known. Naturally, it can be used as a water retention / drainage base material in a greening method or a greening structure, or in place of the water retention / drainage base material used therein.

  In the present invention, as vegetation plants that can maintain a posture in which the culture medium is held by the roots of the plants being entangled, sedums, jade whiskers, mintes, rosemary, thyme species, himewadareso, himetsurasoba, vinca, Ajuga, Perennial Verbena, Rhishimakiana Catenumumraria, Potentilla, Clover, Chrysanthemum, Eligeron, Nadesico, Oregano, Sedge, Hedera, Lindernia, Himeno Button, Eupatium, Murlenvecchia, Santorina, Nolana, Fuchsou, Oxalis , Ronisella, Shimotsuki, Ibota, Crane, Swanfish, Teikakazura, Sawara, Juniper, Turf, Cotoneaster, Azalea, Boxwood, Abelia, Crape myrtle, Forsythia, Barberry, Snowy Willow, Agapanthus, Mogi such, iris acids, Merokarisu such Gaura, Gazania to,, mention may be made of saxifrage, Rudobekia acids, and the like.

  According to the present invention, in the greening structure on the artificial ground, the vegetation mat and the water retention / drainage base material or the artificial ground can be firmly fixed, and the vegetation mat can be prevented from being carelessly peeled off in a strong wind. . In addition, by selecting the shape of the water retention / drainage base material, stable irrigation and water retention over a long period of time can be performed, and the artificial ground such as the roof or the roof can be permanently and stably greened.

  In addition, by using the water retention drainage base material according to the present invention, it is possible to supply water equally to a plurality of water retention recesses with water supply from one place, so water supply work can be performed in a greening structure on an artificial ground. It is easy and simple, and can reduce waste of water.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on embodiments. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view and a partially enlarged view showing an example of a greening structure constructed by a greening method on an artificial ground according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view and a part showing a greening structure of another embodiment. It is an enlarged view. 3 to 5 show the water retention and drainage base material used in the greening structure shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a perspective view thereof, FIG. 4 is a plan view, and FIG. 5 is a line aa in FIG. It is sectional drawing by. FIG. 6 illustrates the order of water supply. 10 to 12 show the water retention and drainage base material used in the greening structure shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 10 is a perspective view, FIG. 11 is a plan view, and FIG. 12 is a line aa in FIG. It is sectional drawing.

  In FIG. 1, the artificial ground is an inclined roof 30, on which a plurality of water retention / drainage base materials 1 described later with reference to FIGS. 3 to 5 are placed. Here, the water retention drainage base materials 1 are connected in four stages in the vertical direction (longitudinal direction), and are also connected in the horizontal direction as necessary. The periphery of the water retention drainage base material group is surrounded by the lower side parting material 41, the upper side parting material 42, and the side parting material 43, and by fixing each parting material to the inclined roof 30 by appropriate means, We try to stabilize the group. Individual water retention / drainage base materials 1 may be fixed to the inclined roof 30 with nails or the like. By arranging such a parting material, the entire greening structure can be clearly partitioned from the surroundings, and the overall appearance is improved.

  A water permeable sheet, preferably a non-woven fabric 31 is preferably fixed to the water retention / drainage base material 1 using means such as a nail 32 so as to cover the entire water retention / drainage base material group. In the example of FIG. 1, the upper surface of the water retention / drainage base material 1 is stepped, but the nonwoven fabric 31 is faithfully covered so as to follow such an outer shape. Moreover, in the part where the water retention drainage base material group is surrounded by the above-mentioned parting materials 41, 42, 43, the end of the nonwoven fabric 31 is sandwiched between them and fixed. Thereby, the integrity of the nonwoven fabric 31 and the water retention / drainage base material group is reliably ensured. In addition, you may make it not cover the vertical side part of the part which has become step shape with the nonwoven fabric 31. FIG. In that case, it is possible to prevent the precipitation or sprinkling from flowing down rapidly down the nonwoven fabric 31.

  A vegetation mat 50 that holds the soil 52 by placing the roots 53 of the plants 51 intertwined on the nonwoven fabric 31 thus fixed is placed. In the example of FIG. 1, the water retention / drainage base material 1 has a stepped upper surface, and a vegetation mat 50 is placed on the flat portion of the staircase. At the beginning of vegetation, the vertical side of the staircase is exposed, but in the example shown in the figure, that part is also covered with the nonwoven fabric 31, and even if the water retention drainage base material 1 is made of foamed resin, external factors such as sunlight Will not deteriorate.

  Thereafter, water is supplied to the water retaining recess 7 of the water retaining and drainage base material 1 to wait for the plant 51 to grow. The root 53 of the plant 51 gradually grows and becomes entangled with the nonwoven fabric 31. Thereby, the vegetation mat 50 and the nonwoven fabric 31 are integrated and stabilized. The nonwoven fabric 31 is fixed to the water retention / drainage base material 1, and the water retention / drainage base material group is fixed to the inclined roof 30. Therefore, at the stage where vegetation has advanced, the water retention and drainage base material 1, the nonwoven fabric 31, the soil 52, the plant 51, and the inclined roof 30 are integrated, and the greening structure is stable on the inclined roof 30 that is an artificial ground. Is formed. The plant root 53 may remain in the nonwoven fabric 31 or may pass through the nonwoven fabric and partially extend into the water retaining recess 7 as shown. However, if the root 31 fills the water retention recess 7, it becomes a factor that hinders the flow of water in the water retention drainage base material 1. desired.

Desirable water storage amount of the water retention drainage base material 1 varies depending on the transpiration amount of the plant 51 to be vegetated. For example, mint is 7 to 8 liter / m ^{2 in} summer, and sedum is about 3 liter / m ² . Yes, it is desirable that the irrigation is performed about once every two days from the labor saving of the irrigation work, and the rate is about 10 to 15 liter / m ² .

  Moreover, although not shown in figure, the water conveyance material which reaches the nonwoven fabric 31 which is a water permeable sheet, ie, the material which has the function to supply water to the upper part by the surface tension of water, can also be provided in the water retention recessed part 7. Thereby, the water of the recessed part 7 for water retention can be reliably supplied to the nonwoven fabric 31 side. A string, sponge, foamable synthetic resin, woven fabric, non-woven fabric, or the like can be used as the water guide material.

  In the example of FIG. 2, a flat water retention drainage base material 1 </ b> A, which will be described later with reference to FIGS. 10 to 12, is disposed on the inclined roof 30. The water retention drainage base material group is covered with a nonwoven fabric 31 that is a water-permeable sheet, and the nonwoven fabric 31 is fixed with a nail 32, as in the case shown in FIG. In addition, the periphery is surrounded by parting materials 41, 42, 43.

  Also in this case, the vegetation mat 50 is placed on the fixed nonwoven fabric 31, and water is supplied to the water retention recess 7 of the water retention / drainage base material 1 </ b> A to wait for the growth of the plant 51. With time, the root 53 of the plant 51 becomes entangled with the nonwoven fabric 31, and the vegetation mat 50 and the nonwoven fabric 31 are integrated. As a result, the water retention / drainage base material 1A, the nonwoven fabric 31, the soil 52, the plant 51, and the inclined roof 30 are in an integrated state, and the greening structure is stable on the inclined roof 30 that is an artificial ground as in the example of FIG. Things are formed.

  In addition, the nonwoven fabric 31 which is a water-permeable sheet performs the function of the root 53 of the plant 51 being entangled and integrated with the vegetation mat 50, and the soil 52 enters the water retention recess 7 of the water retention drainage base material 1. This also serves to secure a space between the vegetation mat 50 and the water in the water retaining recess 7. Thereby, the respiration of the root 53 of the plant 51 is ensured. In addition, the nonwoven fabric 31 helps the water in the water retaining recess 7 to reach the root 53 in the vegetation mat 50 effectively through moisture or via the above-described water guide material (not shown), It also functions to prevent rainwater and water sprinkling on plants from excessively staying in the vegetation mat 50.

  The water retention drainage base material 1 used in the embodiment of FIG. 1 will be described. The entire water retention / drainage base material 1 is an integrally molded product of foamed resin (for example, foamed polystyrene). As shown in the figure, a plurality (four in the figure) of unit water retention parts 2 (2a to 2d) have an upper surface that is horizontal. And it is formed in steps so as to be parallel to each other. As shown in FIG. 5, the virtual plane L1 extending from the upper surface of each unit water retaining part 2a to 2d intersects the virtual plane L2 extending from the bottom surface 3 at an angle α, and therefore, the artificial angle whose inclination angle is α. When the water retention / drainage base material 1 is placed on the ground (for example, the inclined roof 30), the upper surfaces of the unit water retention portions 2a to 2d are all in a horizontal posture.

  The water retaining and drainage base material 1 has an outer periphery defined by a peripheral wall 4 including a rear peripheral wall 4a, a right peripheral wall 4b, a front peripheral wall 4c, and a left peripheral wall 4d, and is further positioned between the rear peripheral wall 4a and the front peripheral wall 4c. The inside is divided into the above-mentioned four unit water retaining portions 2a to 2d by the second partition walls 5a to 5c that run in the lateral direction of the sheet. The unit water retaining portions 2a to 2d have substantially the same shape. As shown in FIG. 5, the rear peripheral wall 4a has a bulging portion 4a1, and a notch 4c1 into which the bulging portion 4a1 enters is formed at the lower end of the front peripheral wall 4c. As shown in FIG. 3, a bulging portion 4b1 is also formed on the right peripheral wall 4b, and a cutout portion into which the bulging portion 4b1 enters is formed on the left peripheral wall 4d. These bulges and cutouts are used when connecting a plurality of water retention and drainage base materials 1 in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction. In the water retention / drainage base material 1 that is positioned on the lowermost end side, the cutout portion 4 c 1 is used as an engagement portion with the parting material 41. Further, in the water retention / drainage base material 1 that is located on the most side, the cutout portion into which the bulging portion 4 b 1 enters is used as an engaging portion with the parting material 43.

  The unit water retaining part 2 is divided into eight water retaining recesses 7 by a plurality of (seven in the figure) first partition walls 6 orthogonal to the second partition walls 5. In the illustrated example, a third partition wall 8 that bisects the water retention recess 7 is formed in parallel with the second partition wall 5, and the water retention recess 7 is divided into an upper water retention recess 7a and a lower water retention recess 7b. However, the third partition wall 8 may be omitted.

  A first water guide groove 9 having the same depth is formed in each first partition wall 6, and a first water guide groove 10 having the same depth is also formed in the third partition wall 8. In the illustrated one, the first water guide grooves 11 having the same depth are also formed on the left and right peripheral walls 4b and 4d. This is because when the same water retention drainage base material 1 is connected and arranged in the lateral direction, It becomes a water passage to the adjacent water retention / drainage base material 1 and is omitted or embedded when only one water retention / drainage base material 1 is used. Further, even when a plurality are connected, they are similarly omitted or embedded in the outer peripheral wall.

  In each of the second partition walls 5a to 5c, a second water conduit 12 having a depth smaller than that of the first water guide groove 9 is formed at a position corresponding to all of the water retaining recesses 7, and the second water conduit 12 is located at the position. A vertical groove 13 is formed outside the second partition wall 5. As will be described later, the water overflowing the second water conduit 12 passes through the longitudinal groove 13 and flows into the respective water retaining recesses 7 of the unit water retaining portion 2 located at the lower position.

  In the illustrated one, the second water guide groove 14 and the vertical groove 15 having the same depth are also formed in the front peripheral wall 4c. This is because the same water retention / drainage base material 1 is connected in the vertical direction (vertical direction). When arranged, it serves as a passage for water to the adjacent water retention / drainage base material 1, and similarly to the first water guide grooves 11 formed in the left and right peripheral walls 4 b, 4 d, one water retention / drainage base material 1. Omitted or embedded when using only Further, when a plurality are connected, they may be omitted or embedded in the front peripheral wall as the outer periphery.

  As described above, the unit water retention units are connected to each other by disposing the water guide grooves with respect to the partition walls and the peripheral wall in the unit water retention unit 2. When water is supplied to fill this unit water retaining part, the water level does not rise above the bottom depth of the water guide groove, and a space is always formed between each partition wall and the upper end of the peripheral wall and the bottom surface of the water guide groove. The Rukoto. By forming this space without fail, the water retention / drainage base material has ventilation performance.

  When water is supplied from a water-absorbing hose (not shown) to any one of the water retention recesses 7 of the unit water retention unit 2a located at the uppermost position, the water is supplied to all the water retention recesses 7 of the water retention drainage base material 1. Inflow. An example is shown in FIG. In this example, water is supplied only to the leftmost upper water retaining recess 7a1 of the unit water retaining portion 2a located at the uppermost position, and the first water guiding grooves 11 formed in the left and right peripheral walls 4b and 4d are embedded by appropriate means. is there.

  The water filling the upper water retaining recess 7 a 1 overflows the first water guiding groove 9 formed in the first partition wall 6 and enters the upper water retaining recess 7 a on the right side and the first water guiding groove formed in the third partition wall 9. 10 overflows and flows into the lower water retaining recess 7b1. The water that fills the lower water retaining recess 7b1 overflows the first water guide groove 9 and flows into the lower water retaining recess 7b on the right, and the water that overflows the first water guide groove 10 rises in the lower water retaining recess 7b. It also flows in from the water retaining recess 7a. This state is shown in FIG. In the same manner, the water overflows the first partition walls 6 and 10 and sequentially flows into the right water retaining recess 7 to fill all the water retaining recesses 7 of the unit water retaining portion 2a located at the uppermost position. . This state is shown in FIG. The depth of the second water guide groove 12 formed in the second partition wall 5a is shallower than that of the first water guide groove 9, and the second water guide groove 12 until all the water retaining recesses 7 of the unit water retaining part 2a are filled with water. It will not overflow beyond.

  If the water supply is continued after the unit water retaining portion 2a is full, the water will overflow from all the second water guide grooves 12 all together and enter the upper water retaining recess 7a in the unit water retaining portion 2b located on the downstream side. At the same time (FIG. 6c). Similarly, the water filling the upper water retaining recess 7a overflows the first water guide groove 10 and flows into the lower water retaining recess 7b, which fills the water (FIG. 6d). Hereinafter, in the same way, water is sequentially supplied to the unit water retention part 2c and the unit water retention part 2d, and finally all the water retention recesses 7 constituting the water retention / drainage base material 1 are in a full water state (water retention state). If the water supply is stopped here, the state is maintained. If the water supply is further continued, excess water is discharged through the second water guide groove 14 formed in the front peripheral wall 4c which is also the front wall of the unit water retaining portion 2d. When the second water guide groove 14 is embedded, excess water is discharged by overflowing the left and right peripheral walls 4b, d and the front peripheral wall c of the unit water retaining portion 2d.

  In the above description, an example in which water is supplied only to the leftmost upper water retaining recess 7a1 of the unit water retaining portion 2a positioned at the top, but a plurality or all of the unit water retaining portions 2a or all of the upper water retaining recesses 7a are described. You may make it supply water simultaneously. In that case, the time until all the water retention recesses 7 of the water retention drainage base material 1 are filled with water (water retention state) is shortened.

  The water retention / drainage base material 1 has the above-described configuration, and in the greening structure shown in FIG. 1, water supply may be performed as described above only for the water retention / drainage base material 1T positioned at the top. Even when a plurality of water retention / drainage base materials 1 are connected in the lateral direction, it may be performed only for one of the water retention / drainage base materials 1. The water filled in the water retention recess 7 of the uppermost water retention / drainage base material 1T overflows the second water guide groove 14 formed in the front peripheral wall 4c and sequentially flows into the water retention / drainage base material 1 on the downstream side. Water supply to all necessary water retention drainage base materials 1 is completed with water supply from one place. Since no water is wasted in the meantime, effective water supply is possible.

  7 to 9 show a second embodiment of the water retention and drainage base material 1 used in the embodiment of FIG. 1, FIG. 7 is a perspective view, FIG. 8 is a plan view, and FIG. 9 corresponds to FIG. It is a figure and explains the order of water supply. In this water retention drainage base material 1, the second water guide grooves 12 formed in the second partition wall 5 are not for all the water retention recesses 7, but specific water retention recesses 7P (four water retention recesses 7P in the figure). ) Only on the front peripheral wall 4c, and only on the specific water retaining recesses 7P (four water retaining recesses 7P in the figure). It is different from the water retention drainage base material 1 of the first embodiment described in FIG. In addition, the same code | symbol as FIGS. 3-6 is attached | subjected to the member which show | plays the same function, and description is abbreviate | omitted.

  In the water retention drainage base material 1 of this form, as shown in FIG. 9, the upstream unit water retention part 2 (for example, the unit water retention part 2 a) is filled (FIG. 9 b), and the water overflowing from the unit water retention part 2 It flows into the four water retaining recesses 7P of the unit water retaining part 2 (for example, the unit water retaining part 2b) downstream only from the concave part 7P (FIG. 9c), and other water retaining recesses of the unit water retaining part 2b by the water overflowing from there. 7 is supplied with water. In this embodiment, the time for completing the water supply to all the water retaining recesses 7 becomes longer, but there is an advantage that water can be reliably supplied without waste.

  Next, the water retention drainage base material 1A used in the embodiment of FIG. 2 will be described. 10 is a perspective view, FIG. 11 is a plan view, and FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view taken along line aa in FIG. In this water retention drainage base material 1A, the upper surfaces of the plurality of unit water retention portions 2 are in the same plane and are parallel to the bottom surface 3, and no third partition is provided. Are different from the above-described water retention and drainage base material 1 in that each of the water retention recesses 7 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape in which the ratio of the width to the length is relatively large. Other configurations are substantially the same. Members having the same functions as those in the water retention / drainage base material 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  In the water retention / drainage base material 1A, one unit water retention part 2 has a large number (15 in the figure) of second partition walls 5 located between the rear peripheral wall 4a and the front peripheral wall 4c. Are divided into 16 unit water retention units 2A. Each unit water retaining portion 2A has substantially the same shape, and the interior is divided into four water retaining recesses 7 by a plurality of (three in the figure) first partition walls 6 orthogonal to the second partition walls 5. Has been. In this example, the aspect ratio of the water retaining recess 7 is about 1: 5. A first water guide groove 9 having the same depth is formed in the first partition wall 6, and a second water conduit 12 having a shallower depth than the first water guide groove 9 is formed in the second partition wall 5 as one water retaining recess 7. A plurality of them are formed. The first water guide groove 11 formed on the left and right peripheral walls 4b and 4d and the second water guide groove 14 formed on the front and rear rear walls 4a and 4c can be omitted, as in the case of the water retention drainage base material 1. .

  In this case as well, when cultivating plants, water supply may be performed only to one of the water retaining recesses 7 in the uppermost unit water retaining portion 2 of the water retaining and drainage base material 1AT located at the uppermost position. After filling the uppermost four water retaining recesses 7, the water flows down while sequentially filling the water retaining recesses 7 of the unit water retaining unit 2 on the downstream side, for all the water retention of the uppermost water retaining drainage base material 1AT. The recess 7 is full of water. Thereafter, the second water guide groove 14 formed in the front peripheral wall 4c overflows and sequentially flows into the downstream water retention drainage base material 1A. Here, the water supply to all required water retention drainage base materials 1A is completed with the water supply from one place, and no water is wasted in the meantime. Since the aspect ratio of each water retaining recess 7 is large, a sufficient amount of water is stored in each water retaining recess 7 even in the inclined posture.

  In addition, although not shown in figure, this water retention drainage base material 1A can also be arrange | positioned on the artificial ground in a horizontal attitude | position, and can also perform vegetation. Also in that case, the nonwoven fabric is similarly fixed, and the vegetation mat 50 is placed thereon. In that case, the water supply by the water supply hose may start from the arbitrary water retention recess 7 of the unit water retention unit 2A at an arbitrary location. Moreover, you may make it perform water supply from the unit water retention part 2A of multiple places. In either case, water sequentially overflows from the first water guide groove to the second water guide groove, and all the water retaining recesses are filled with water. Again, no water is wasted in the meantime.

  Although not shown, in the water retention drainage base material 1 in which the upper surface of the unit water retention part 2 shown in FIG. 3 is located in a staircase shape, a substantially triangular shape is formed when viewed from the side without forming the bottom surface as an inclined surface. It is good also as a shape. In this case, even when placed on the artificial ground in a horizontal posture, the upper surface of each unit water retaining part will be positioned in a staircase shape, suitable for cultivating ornamental vegetation plants, etc. Is obtained.

Sectional drawing and the elements on larger scale which show an example of the greening structure constructed | assembled by the greening method on the artificial ground by this invention. Sectional drawing and the elements on larger scale which show the tree planting structure of other embodiment. The perspective view which shows the water retention drainage base material used with the tree planting structure shown in FIG. FIG. 4 is a plan view of FIG. 3. Sectional drawing by the aa line of FIG. The figure explaining the water supply order of the water retention drainage base material shown in FIG. The perspective view which shows the 2nd form of the water retention drainage base material used with the tree planting structure shown in FIG. The top view of FIG. The figure explaining the water supply order in the water retention drainage base material of a 2nd form. The perspective view which shows the water retention drainage base material used with the tree planting structure shown in FIG. The top view of FIG. Sectional drawing by the aa line of FIG. The figure which shows an example of the conventional water retention drainage base material.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 1A ... Water retention drainage base material, 2 ... Unit water retention part, 3 ... Bottom surface, 4 ... Perimeter wall, 5 ... 2nd partition, 6 ... 1st partition, 7 ... Recessed part for water retention, 9, 11 ... 1st water guide groove, 12, 14 ... 2nd water conveyance groove, 30 ... Artificial ground, 31 ... Water-permeable sheet (nonwoven fabric), 32 ... Nail, 41 ... Lower part parting material, 42 ... Upper part parting material, 43 ... Side parting material, 50 ... Vegetation mat, 51 ... plant, 52 ... soil, 53 ... plant root

Claims (20)

A planting method for planting on an artificial ground using a water retention / drainage base material , wherein the water retention / drainage base material is a peripheral wall, one or more first partition walls, and one or more second intersections intersecting the first partition walls. A plurality of water retention recesses are defined by the partition walls, and a unit water retention portion is formed by two or more water retention recesses defined by the first partition walls and arranged in the lateral direction. Are arranged in two or more rows in the vertical direction, and each first partition wall that divides each water retaining recess constituting the unit water retaining portion is formed with a first water guide groove, and the water flowing overflowing there Each of the water retaining recesses is held at a predetermined water retention amount, and the second partition wall has at least one water retaining recess in the adjacent upstream unit water retaining unit and at least one of the downstream unit water retaining units. At least one second water guide groove connecting the water retaining recesses is formed. Water unit water holding section on the upstream side using the water-retaining drainage infrastructure material that flows into the unit water holding section on the downstream side by the water overflowing the water retention drainage infrastructure material so as to cover the water-retaining drainage infrastructure material By fixing the water-permeable sheet on the top surface and placing a vegetation mat that holds the soil by entwining the roots of the plant on the top surface, planting without using the soil, plant roots A greening method on an artificial ground characterized by integrating a water retention drainage base material, a water permeable sheet, soil, and a plant by being entangled with the water permeable sheet and integrated with the water permeable sheet.   The greening method on the artificial ground according to claim 1, wherein the surface for placing the water retention / drainage base material of the artificial ground is an inclined surface.   The method for greening on artificial ground according to claim 2, wherein the water retaining and drainage base material has a stepped upper surface.   Use a water-permeable sheet of a size that can cover multiple water-retaining drainage base materials, and fix the water-permeable sheet to the water-retaining drainage base material so that the water-retaining drainage base materials are also integrated. The greening method on the artificial ground according to any one of claims 1 to 3.   5. The artificial ground according to claim 4, wherein the whole of the water retention / drainage base material, the water permeable sheet, the soil, the plant, and the artificial ground is integrated by fixing the water retention / drainage base material to the artificial ground. Greening method.   The greening method on the artificial ground according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the artificial ground is an inclined roof.   The greening method on the artificial ground according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a water retaining drainage base material having a shape that allows all the spaces under the permeable sheet to be in communication with each other is used. A water retention / drainage base material disposed on an artificial ground, wherein a plurality of water retention recesses are defined by a peripheral wall, one or more first partition walls, and one or more second partition walls intersecting the first partition walls. The unit water retaining portions are formed by two or more water retaining recesses that are partitioned by the first partition walls and arranged in the horizontal direction, and the unit water retaining portions are arranged in two or more rows in the vertical direction via the second partition walls. Each first partition wall that defines each water retaining recess constituting the unit water retaining portion has a first water guiding groove, and each water retaining recess is maintained at a predetermined water retaining amount by the water flowing over there. The second partition wall is connected with at least one water retaining recess of the adjacent upstream unit water retaining portion and at least one water retaining recess of the downstream unit water retaining portion. Unit water retention on the upstream side due to the overflow of the second water guide channel And water-retaining drainage infrastructure material of water is adapted to flow into the unit water holding section on the downstream side, a water-permeable sheet which is secured thereto so as to cover the water-retaining drainage infrastructure material, placed on the upper surface of the permeable sheet A plant that has at least a vegetation mat that retains soil by entanglement of the roots of the plant that has been entangled, and is arranged and planted on a water-permeable sheet without using the soil, and the plant of the vegetation mat Greening structure on artificial ground, characterized in that the water retention drainage base material, the water permeable sheet, the soil, and the plant are integrated by the roots of the water entangled with the water permeable sheet and integrated with the water permeable sheet . The greening structure on the artificial ground according to claim 8 , wherein the artificial ground is an inclined roof. The greening structure on the artificial ground according to claim 9 , further comprising water supply means for supplying water to a water retention drainage base material positioned at the uppermost position. The greening structure on the artificial ground according to any one of claims 8 to 10 , comprising a parting material along the outer peripheral edge of the water retention drainage base material. Plants to be vegetated are Sedums, Jars, Mints, Rosemary, Thyme, Himewadareso, Himetsuroba, Binka, Ajuga, Perennial Verbena, Rhishimakiana Catenum numaria, Potentilla, Clover, Chrysanthemum, Eligeron, Nadesico , Oregano, sedge, hedera, lindernia, himeno button, eupatorium, murrenvecchia, santorina, nolana, fuchsaw, oxalis, ronisera, spruce, privet tree, crested squirrel, swanfish, hawk moth, sawara, juniper , Turf, cotoneaster, azalea, boxwood, aberia, crape myrtle, forsythia, barberry, snowy willow, agapanthus, mugwort, iris, goura, gazania, hemocallis, yukinoshita, rudbeckia Greening structures on artificial ground according to any one of a claims 8-11.   A plurality of water retaining recesses are defined by the peripheral wall, one or more first partition walls, and one or more second partition walls intersecting the first partition walls. A unit water retention portion is formed by two or more water retention recesses, and the unit water retention portion is a water retention drainage base material arranged in two or more rows in the vertical direction via the second partition wall, and constitutes the unit water retention portion Each first partition wall that partitions each water retaining recess has a first water guide groove formed therein, and each water retaining recess is held at a predetermined water retaining amount by the water overflowing and flowing therethrough. The second partition wall is formed with at least one second water guide groove connecting at least one water retention recess of the adjacent upstream unit water retention section and at least one water retention recess of the downstream unit water retention section. The water in the upstream unit water holding section is overflowed by the water overflowing there. Water retention drainage infrastructure material, characterized in that it flows into the. The water retention / drainage base material according to claim 13 , wherein a bottom portion of the first water guide groove is deeper than a bottom portion of the second water guide groove. The water retention drainage base material according to claim 13 or 14 , wherein a first water guide groove and / or a second water guide groove is also formed on the peripheral wall. The means for joining is formed in the surrounding wall so that two or more water retention drainage base materials can be arrange | positioned in the state which closely contacted the surrounding walls, The water retention thing in any one of Claims 13-15 characterized by the above-mentioned. Drainage base material. The water retention drainage base material according to any one of claims 13 to 16 , wherein the bottom surface and the top surface are substantially parallel surfaces. The water retention / drainage base material according to any one of claims 13 to 17 , wherein adjacent unit water retention portions have at least one location where the unit water retention portions are arranged stepwise. 19. The water retention and drainage base material according to claim 18 , wherein a virtual plane extending from the bottom surface and extending in a stepped shape intersects with an angle. The water retention drainage base material according to any one of claims 13 to 19 , wherein the material is a resin foam.

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