JP4416358B2 - Cogeneration system - Google Patents

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JP4416358B2
JP4416358B2 JP2001223976A JP2001223976A JP4416358B2 JP 4416358 B2 JP4416358 B2 JP 4416358B2 JP 2001223976 A JP2001223976 A JP 2001223976A JP 2001223976 A JP2001223976 A JP 2001223976A JP 4416358 B2 JP4416358 B2 JP 4416358B2
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hot water
temperature
tank
circulation
water supply
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JP2003042545A (en
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秀雄 松下
智 西口
光男 坂本
明美 窪田
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Osaka Gas Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、地域又は集合住宅を電力供給対象として、発電機が設けられ、
その発電機からの排熱が供給される排熱回収用熱交換器と、貯湯槽と、その貯湯槽に給水する給水手段と、前記排熱回収用熱交換器と前記貯湯槽とにわたって湯水を循環させる排熱回収用循環手段と、前記貯湯槽と前記地域又は集合住宅に含まれる複数の住戸とにわたって湯水を循環させる給湯用循環手段が設けられたコージェネレーションシステムに関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
かかるコージェネレーションシステムは、地域又は集合住宅に含まれる複数の住戸（以下、供給対象住戸群と称する場合がある）に、発電機にて電力を供給し、並びに、排熱回収用循環手段にて、発電機の排熱が供給される排熱回収用熱交換器と貯湯槽とにわたって湯水を循環させて貯湯槽の湯水を加熱し、給湯用循環手段にて、貯湯槽と供給対象住戸群とにわたって湯水を循環させて、発電機の排熱を回収して加熱した湯水を供給対象住戸群に供給するように構成したものである。
【０００３】
かかるコージェネレーションシステムにおいて、従来、図８に示すように、貯湯槽３として、湯水を満水状態で貯留する密閉式に構成したものがあった（特開平７−３２４８０９号公報参照）。
図８に示すように、密閉式の貯湯槽３を設けたものでは、給水手段Ｗｂは、給水源としての水道からの水を貯湯槽３の底部に供給する給水路７１にて構成し、給湯用循環手段Ｃｓは、貯湯槽３の上部から取り出した湯水を供給対象住戸群を経由して流して貯湯槽３に戻す循環経路を形成するように配管した給湯用流路７２と、その給湯用流路７２に設けた給湯用循環ポンプ７３にて構成し、排熱回収用循環手段Ｃｅは、貯湯槽３と排熱回収用熱交換器２とにわたる循環経路を形成する排熱回収用流路７４と、その排熱回収用流路７４に設けた排熱回収用循環ポンプ７５にて構成していた。図８中において、Ｋは、給湯式循環手段Ｃｓにて供給される湯水を加熱すべく、各住戸に設けられた給湯器である。
【０００４】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、従来のコージェネレーションシステムにおいて、密閉式の貯湯槽を設けたものでは、温度成層が形成される状態で湯水が貯留される貯湯槽の上部から湯水を取り出して、供給対象住戸群に供給するので、住戸に対する湯水の供給温度は安定するものの、貯湯槽が密閉式であることから、貯湯槽の点検や保守のための作業が複雑であるので、貯湯槽の保守管理が複雑であるという問題があった。
ちなみに、上述のような問題を解消するために、貯湯槽として、１槽の開放式に構成する場合が考えられる。しかしながら、１槽の開放式の貯湯槽を設けたものでは、貯湯槽が開放式であるので、貯湯槽の保守管理は簡単であるものの、住戸に対する湯水の供給温度が不安定であるという問題があった。説明を加えると、１槽の開放式の貯湯槽では、供給対象住戸群の湯水使用量により、貯湯槽の水位が変動するので、断水することなく供給対象住戸群に湯水を供給するためには、貯湯槽における給湯用循環手段の湯水取り出し位置としては、貯湯槽の底部側に設定せざるを得ず、そして、その場合は、貯湯槽の温度成層が乱れて、貯湯槽の底部から取り出される湯水の温度が不安定となるので、住戸に対する湯水の供給温度が不安定であるという問題があった。
【０００５】
本発明は、かかる実情に鑑みてなされたものであり、その目的は、保守管理が簡単で、住戸に対する湯水の供給温度が安定するコージェネレーションシステムを提供することにある。
【０００６】
【課題を解決するための手段】
〔請求項１記載の発明〕
請求項１に記載の特徴構成は、前記貯湯槽が、前記給水手段にて給水される低温槽と、その低温槽からオーバーフロー状態にて湯水が供給される高温槽とを備えた開放式に構成され、
前記排熱回収用循環手段が、前記低温槽から湯水を取り出して再び前記低温槽に戻す排熱回収用循環経路にて湯水を循環させるように構成され、
前記給湯用循環手段が、前記高温槽から湯水を取り出して前記低温槽に戻す給湯用循環経路にて湯水を循環させるように構成されていることにある。
請求項１に記載の特徴構成によれば、排熱回収用循環手段により、貯湯槽の湯水は、低温槽から取り出されて排熱回収用熱交換器を通って低温槽に戻る排熱回収用循環経路にて循環され、給湯用循環手段により、貯湯層の湯水は、高温槽から取り出されて供給対象住戸群を巡って低温槽に戻る給湯用循環経路にて循環される。そして、排熱回収用循環経路を循環する湯水は、排熱回収用熱交換器にて加熱されて低温層に戻されることにより、低温槽の湯水が加熱され、低温槽の上層の湯水がオーバーフローして高温槽に供給されて、高温槽に貯留され、その高温槽の湯水が供給対象住戸群にわたって循環して、各住戸で湯水が消費されることになる。
つまり、貯湯槽が低温槽と高温槽とに分けられていて、高温槽の湯水が供給対象住戸群に循環されるので、供給対象住戸群における湯水の使用量の変動が高温槽にて吸収されることから、低温槽には、温度成層が安定して形成される状態で湯水が貯留され、高温槽に対しては、そのように温度成層が安定して形成される状態で湯水が貯留される低温槽の上層の高温層から、オーバーフロー状態で湯水が供給されるので、高温槽には、深さ方向において温度偏差が無いあるいは小さくなる状態で湯水が貯留されることになる。そこで、高温層の底部から湯水を取り出して供給対象住戸群へ供給するにしても、高温槽には、深さ方向において温度偏差が無いあるいは小さくなる状態で湯水が貯留されているので、住戸に対する湯水の供給温度が安定する。
又、貯湯槽は開放式であるので、貯湯槽の点検や保守のための作業が簡単となり、貯湯槽の保守管理が簡単になる。
従って、保守管理が簡単で、住戸に対する湯水の供給温度が安定するコージェネレーションシステムを提供することができるようになった。
【０００７】
〔請求項２記載の発明〕
請求項２に記載の特徴構成は、前記排熱回収用循環手段が、前記低温槽と前記高温槽から設定比率で湯水を取り出すように構成されていることにある。
請求項２に記載の特徴構成によれば、排熱回収用循環手段により、低温槽と高温槽から設定比率で湯水が取り出されて、それらが排熱回収用熱交換器を通って低温槽に戻る形態で、貯湯層の湯水が循環されるので、高温槽の湯水も排熱回収用循環経路にて循環されることとなって、放熱による高温槽の湯水の温度低下が抑制されて、高温槽の湯水の温度が一段と安定する。
従って、住戸に対する湯水の供給温度を一段と安定化させることができるようになった。
【０００８】
〔請求項３記載の発明〕
請求項３に記載の特徴構成は、前記高温槽の水位を検出する水位検出手段と、その水位検出手段の検出水位に基づいて、前記高温槽の水位が設定水位になるように前記給水手段の給水作動を制御する制御手段とが設けられていることにある。
請求項３に記載の特徴構成によれば、制御手段は、水位検出手段の検出水位に基づいて、高温槽の水位が設定水位になるように給水手段の給水作動を制御するので、供給対象住戸群の湯水使用量の変動にかかわらず、高温槽には設定水位で湯水が貯留される。
従って、供給対象住戸群の湯水使用量の変動にかかわらず、各住戸に安定して湯水を供給できる。
【０００９】
〔請求項４記載の発明〕
請求項４に記載の特徴構成は、前記低温槽の湯水の温度を検出する低温槽温度検出手段と、その低温槽温度検出手段の検出温度に基づいて、前記低温槽の湯水の温度が設定上限温度以上になると前記排熱回収用循環手段の湯水循環作動を停止させ且つ前記低温槽の湯水の温度が前記設定上限温度よりも低くなると前記排熱回収用循環手段を湯水循環作動させる制御手段とが設けられていることにある。
請求項４に記載の特徴構成によれば、制御手段は、低温槽温度検出手段の検出温度に基づいて、低温槽の湯水の温度が設定上限温度以上になると排熱回収用循環手段の湯水循環作動を停止させ、低温槽の湯水の温度が設定上限温度よりも低くなると排熱回収用循環手段を湯水循環作動させる。
つまり、供給対象住戸群における湯水使用量が少なくなって、低温層の温度が設定上限温度以上に高くなり、排熱として排熱回収用熱交換器に供給される発電機の冷却水が排熱回収用熱交換器において貯湯層の湯水に対して伝導させる熱量が大幅に抑制されて、発電機が過熱する虞があるような状態となると、排熱回収用熱交換器への貯湯層からの湯水供給が停止されて、前記のような発電機の過熱が防止されるので、供給対象住戸群における湯水使用量が少なくなっても、発電機は通常通り継続して運転することができて、発電機にて供給対象住戸群へ継続して電力を供給しながら、供給対象住戸群に湯水を供給することができる。ちなみに、この場合は、発電機の冷却水は排熱回収用熱交換器とは別の冷却装置にて冷却することになる。
一方、供給対象住戸群における湯水使用量が通常範囲内で、低温槽の湯水の温度が設定上限温度よりも低いときは、貯湯層から排熱回収用熱交換器へ湯水が供給されて、排熱回収用熱交換器において発電機の冷却水と貯湯層の湯水とが熱交換されるので、発電機の冷却水を冷却して発電機を通常通り運転しながら、低温層の湯水を加熱して、供給対象住戸群に湯水を供給することができる。
従って、供給対象住戸群の湯水使用量の変動にかかわらず、供給対象住戸群へ電力及び湯水を安定して供給することができる。
【００１０】
〔請求項５記載の発明〕
請求項５に記載の特徴構成は、前記給湯用循環手段に、前記貯湯槽を迂回させて前記給湯用循環経路にて湯水を循環させるための貯湯槽迂回路が設けられ、
前記給湯用循環手段は、前記貯湯槽を通して前記給湯用循環経路にて湯水を循環させる通常循環状態と、前記貯湯槽迂回路を通して前記給湯用循環経路にて湯水を循環させ且つ前記給湯用循環経路に給水源から水が供給される給水循環状態とに切り換え自在なように構成され、
前記高温槽の湯水の温度を検出する高温槽温度検出手段と、その高温槽温度検出手段の検出情報に基づいて、前記高温槽の湯水の温度が設定下限温度よりも高いときは前記給湯用循環手段を前記通常循環状態に切り換え且つ前記高温槽の湯水の温度が前記設定下限温度以下のときは前記給湯用循環手段を前記給水循環状態に切り換える制御手段とが設けられていることにある。
請求項５に記載の特徴構成によれば、制御手段は、高温槽温度検出手段の検出情報に基づいて、高温槽の湯水の温度が設定下限温度よりも高いときは給湯用循環手段を通常循環状態に切り換え、高温槽の湯水の温度が設定下限温度以下のときは給湯用循環手段を給水循環状態に切り換える。
そして、給湯用循環手段が通常循環状態に切り換えられると、貯湯層の湯水が給湯用循環経路にて循環され、給水循環状態に切り換えられると、給湯用循環経路に給水源から水が供給されながら、貯湯槽迂回路を通して給湯用循環経路にて湯水が循環される。
つまり、低温（例えば、４０°Ｃ以上、５０°Ｃ以下）の湯は滞留すると水質を維持し難いので、高温槽の湯の温度が設定下限温度よりも高くて水質を維持できるときは、通常通り、高温槽の湯が供給対象住戸群にわたって循環され、例えば、供給対象住戸群での湯水使用量が多くなって、高温槽の湯の温度が設定下限温度以下となって高温槽の湯の水質を維持し難くなると、高温槽の湯の循環が停止されて、４０°Ｃよりもかなり温度が低い水が給水源から給湯用循環経路に供給されながら、貯湯槽を迂回させる状態で給湯用循環経路にて水が循環されるので、供給対象住戸群には、４０°Ｃよりもかなり温度が低くて水質を維持できる水が循環されて、各住戸ではその水が使用される。ちなみに、給水循環状態において給湯用循環経路に供給する水として、水道水を供給するようにすると、水道水には塩素が含まれているので、水質を一層維持し易くなって好ましい。
従って、供給対象住戸群に水質を維持する状態で湯水を供給することができる。
【００１１】
〔請求項６記載の発明〕
請求項６に記載の特徴構成は、前記複数の住戸夫々に、前記給湯用循環手段を通じて供給される湯水を加熱して湯水需要部に供給する給湯器が設けられていることにある。
請求項６に記載の特徴構成によれば、各住戸に、給湯用循環手段を通じて供給される湯水を加熱して湯水需要部に供給する給湯器が設けられているので、発電機の起動時、発電機の停止時、供給対象住戸群における湯水使用量が多い時等、給湯用循環手段を通じて供給される湯水の温度が所望の給湯目標温度よりも低いときでも、各住戸では、給湯用循環手段を通じて供給される湯水が給湯器にて給湯目標温度になるように加熱されて湯水需要部に供給される。
従って、給湯用循環手段を通じて供給される湯水の温度が各住戸における所望の給湯目標温度よりも低くなるときでも、各住戸では、所望の給湯目標温度の湯水を得ることができる。
【００１２】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、図面に基づいて、本発明の実施の形態を説明する。
図１に示すように、コージェネレーションシステムは、集合住宅を電力供給対象として発電機１を設け、並びに、集合住宅を対象として、その発電機１からの排熱が供給される排熱回収用熱交換器２と、貯湯槽３と、その貯湯槽３に給水する槽用給水手段Ｗｂ（給水手段に相当する）と、排熱回収用熱交換器２と貯湯槽３とにわたって湯水を循環させる排熱回収用循環手段Ｃｅと、貯湯槽３と集合住宅に含まれる複数の住戸Ｈとにわたって湯水を循環させる給湯用循環手段Ｃｓと、コージェネレーションシステムの各種制御を司る制御部５を設け、並びに、集合住宅に含まれる複数の住戸Ｈ夫々に、給湯用循環手段Ｃｓを通じて供給される湯水を加熱して住戸Ｈにおける各湯水需要部に供給する給湯器Ｋを設けて構成してある。
【００１３】
更に、コージェネレーションシステムには、商用電源６２からの電力を一括して受電する受変電設備６１と、発電機１を商用電源６２と系統連系させる連系装置６３と、受変電設備６１にて受電した交流電力及び発電機１からの交流電力を直流電力に変換する交直変換装置６４と、その交直変換装置６４にて変換された直流電力を蓄電する蓄電部６５と、その蓄電部６５の直流電力を交流電力に変換する直交変換装置６６を設けてある。
そして、直交変換装置６６から出力される交流電力を、集合住宅に含まれる各住戸Ｈ及び集合住宅における共用電力消費機器６７に供給するように給電線６８を配線してある。以下、集合住宅に含まれる複数の住戸Ｈにおける電力消費機器及び集合住宅における共用電力消費機器６７をまとめて外部電力負荷と称する場合がある。
又、受変電設備６１にて受電する電力を計測する一括受電電力計Ｍ６を設け、各住戸Ｈへの給電線６８には、各住戸Ｈにて受電する電力を計測する住戸用電力計Ｍ７を設けてある。
【００１４】
発電機１は、発電機用ガス供給路６を通じて供給される都市ガスを燃料とするガスエンジン（図示省略）を備えて、そのガスエンジンにて駆動する回転式に構成してある。図中のＭ１は、発電機用ガス供給路６に設けた共用部ガス流量計であり、発電機１におけるガス消費量が計測される。
そして、ガスエンジンを冷却するエンジン冷却水が、冷却水循環路７にてガスエンジンと排熱回収用熱交換器２とにわたって循環させるように構成してある。図中の８は、冷却水循環路７に設けた冷却水循環ポンプである。
【００１５】
図２にも示すように、本発明においては、貯湯槽３は、槽用給水手段Ｗｂにて給水される低温槽３Ｌと、その低温槽３Ｌからオーバーフロー状態にて湯水が供給される高温槽３Ｈとを備えた開放式に構成し、排熱回収用循環手段Ｃｅは、低温槽３Ｌから湯水を取り出して再び低温槽３Ｌに戻す排熱回収用循環経路１１にて湯水を循環させるように構成し、給湯用循環手段Ｃｓは、高温槽３Ｈから湯水を取り出して低温槽３Ｌに戻す給湯用循環経路１４にて湯水を循環させるように構成してある。
【００１６】
図２に基づいて、貯湯槽３について説明を加えると、上部が開口されると共にその開口部を開閉自在な蓋を備えた箱状の槽本体部３ｍの内部を、上縁部が槽本体部３ｍの上部よりも下方に位置する状態で設けた隔壁３ｗにて、２分して、２分した一方を低温槽３Ｌとし、他方を高温槽３Ｈとして、低温槽３Ｌの湯水が隔壁３ｗの上縁部を越えてオーバーフローして、高温槽３Ｈに供給されるように構成してある。
高温槽３Ｈには、高温槽３Ｈの水位を検出する水位検出手段としての水位センサ９を設けてある。
又、低温槽３Ｌの湯水の温度（以下、低温槽温度と称する場合がある）を検出する低温槽温度センサ（低温槽温度検出手段に相当する）１０Ｌと、高温槽３Ｈの湯水の温度（以下、高温槽温度と称する場合がある）を検出する高温槽温度センサ（高温槽温度検出手段に相当する）１０Ｈを設けてある。
【００１７】
図１及び図２に基づいて、排熱回収用循環手段Ｃｅについて説明を加える。
排熱回収用循環手段Ｃｅは、低温槽３Ｌの底部から取り出した湯水を排熱回収用熱交換器２を経由して低温槽３Ｌの上部から戻すように流すべく配管した排熱回収用循環経路１１と、その排熱回収用循環経路１１にて低温槽３Ｌから取り出される湯水量に対して設定比率の量の湯水を高温槽３Ｈの底部から取り出して排熱回収用循環経路１１に供給するように配管した高温槽湯水取り出し路１２と、排熱回収用循環経路１１に設けた排熱回収用循環ポンプ１３を備えて構成してある。
低温槽３Ｌからの湯水取り出し量と高温槽３Ｈからの湯水取り出し量の比率は、低温槽３Ｌの湯水を昇温することができ、高温槽３Ｈの湯水は保温できるような比率に設定してあり、排熱回収用循環経路１１を形成する管及び高温槽湯水取り出し路１２を形成する管夫々の径を調整することにより、低温槽３Ｌからの湯水取り出し量と高温槽３Ｈからの湯水取り出し量が設定比率となるようにしてある。
【００１８】
つまり、低温槽３Ｌ及び高温槽３Ｈ夫々の底部から設定比率で湯水を取り出して、排熱回収用熱交換器２で加熱した後、低温槽３Ｌに戻すことにより、低温槽３Ｌには温度成層が安定して形成される状態で湯水が貯留され、その低温槽３Ｌの上層の温度が安定した高温層の湯水をオーバーフローさせて高温槽３Ｈに供給することにより、高温槽３Ｈには、深さ方向において温度偏差が無い又は小さくなる状態で且つ所定の温度範囲内に保温される状態で、湯水が貯留されるように構成してある。ちなみに、詳細は後述するが、制御部５により、低温槽３Ｌの湯水の温度は例えば６５°Ｃ以下になるように制御される。その場合、高温槽３Ｈの湯水の温度は、例えば、５０〜６０°Ｃの範囲に維持されるようになる。
【００１９】
槽用給水手段Ｗｂは、給水源としての水道と貯湯槽３の低温槽３Ｌとに接続した槽用給水路４と、その槽用給水路４に設けて低温槽３Ｌへの給水を断続する槽用給水路開閉弁Ｖ１とを備えて構成してある。
【００２０】
図１及び図２に基づいて、給湯用循環手段Ｃｓについて説明を加える。
給湯用循環手段Ｃｓには、高温槽３Ｈの底部から取り出した湯水を複数の住戸Ｈを経由して低温槽３Ｌの上部に戻すように流すべく配管した給湯用循環経路１４と、その給湯用循環経路１４における住戸経由箇所よりも上流側に設けた給湯用循環ポンプ１５を備え、給湯用循環経路１４における給湯用循環ポンプ１５の設置箇所よりも上流側に、上流側開閉弁Ｖ２を設け、給湯用循環経路１４における住戸経由箇所よりも下流側に下流側開閉弁Ｖ３を設けてある。
【００２１】
更に、貯湯槽迂回路１６を、給湯用循環経路１４における、上流側開閉弁Ｖ２の設置箇所及び給湯用循環ポンプ１５の設置箇所の両者の間の箇所と、住戸経由箇所及び下流側開閉弁Ｖ３の設置箇所の両者の間の箇所とに接続して、その貯湯槽迂回路１６を通して、貯湯槽３を迂回させる状態で給湯用循環経路１４にて湯水を循環させることができるようにしてある。その貯湯槽迂回路１６には、逆止弁１７と貯湯槽迂回路開閉弁Ｖ４を設けてある。
更に、給水源としての水道に接続した循環用給水路１８を、給湯用循環経路１４における、上流側開閉弁Ｖ２の設置箇所と給湯用循環ポンプ１５の設置箇所との間の箇所に接続して、水道水を給湯用循環経路１４に供給するように構成し、その循環用給水路１８には、循環用給水路開閉弁Ｖ５を設けてある。従って、循環用給水手段Ｗｃは、循環用給水路１８と循環用給水路開閉弁Ｖ５にて構成してある。尚、前述の槽用給水路４及び循環用給水路１８夫々の通水量を合わせた通水量を計測する共用部水道水流量計Ｍ２を設けてある。
【００２２】
つまり、給湯用循環ポンプ１５を作動させ、上流側開閉弁Ｖ２及び下流側開閉弁Ｖ３を開弁し、貯湯槽迂回路開閉弁Ｖ４及び循環用給水路開閉弁Ｖ５を閉弁した状態では、図２に示すように、湯水は、高温槽３Ｈから取り出され、給湯用循環経路１４を流れて低温槽３Ｌに戻る状態、つまり、貯湯槽３を通して給湯用循環経路１４にて湯水を循環させる通常循環状態となる。
又、給湯用循環ポンプ１５を作動させ、上流側開閉弁Ｖ２及び下流側開閉弁Ｖ３を閉弁し、貯湯槽迂回路開閉弁Ｖ４及び循環用給水路開閉弁Ｖ５を開弁した状態では、図４に示すように、湯水は給湯用循環経路１４と貯湯槽迂回路１６とを流れる状態となるので、貯湯槽迂回路１６を通して給湯用循環経路１４にて湯水を循環させ且つ給湯用循環経路１４に循環用給水路１８を通じて水道水が供給される給水循環状態となる。
つまり、給湯用循環手段Ｃｓは、通常循環状態と給水循環状態とに切り換え自在なように構成してある。
【００２３】
図１に示すように、各住戸Ｈに対して、給湯用循環経路１４を流れる湯水を供給する住戸用湯水供給路１９、都市ガスを供給する住戸用ガス供給路２０、水道水を供給する住戸用給水路２１を設け、住戸用湯水供給路１９には給湯用循環手段Ｃｓにて供給される湯水の流量を計測する湯水流量計Ｍ３を設け、住戸用ガス供給路２０には住戸用ガス流量計Ｍ４を設け、住戸用給水路２１には住戸用水道水流量計Ｍ５を設けてある。
住戸用湯水供給路１９は、給湯器Ｋに接続し、住戸用給水路２１は、給湯器Ｋ及び洗面所や台所の給水栓等の水消費部に接続し、住戸用ガス供給路２０は、給湯器Ｋ及びガスコンロ等のガス消費部に接続してある。
【００２４】
次に、制御部５の制御動作を説明する。
先ず、発電機１及び商用電源６２により住戸Ｈ及び共用電力消費機器６７に給電する給電制御について説明する。
【００２５】
制御部５は、１日に対して予め定められた時間帯（例えば、電力需要の多い時間帯として定めた１４時から２４時までの１０時間）で発電機１を運転し、その他の時間帯は発電機１を停止させるように、発電機１を毎日自動運転する。
【００２６】
そして、発電機１の運転中は、外部電力負荷に対して発電機１及び蓄電部６５から給電され、外部電力負荷に対して発電機１の出力が余るときは、その余剰電力が蓄電部６５に蓄電される状態となり、制御部５は、そのように発電機１の運転中は、外部電力負荷に対して発電機１及び蓄電部６５の出力が不足する場合には、その不足分が商用電源６２にて補われるように連系装置６３を制御する。
又、発電機１の停止中は、外部電力負荷に対して蓄電部６５から給電される状態となり、制御部５は、そのように発電機１の停止中は、外部電力負荷に対して蓄電部６５の出力が不足する場合には、その不足分が商用電源６２にて補われるように連系装置６３を制御する。
【００２７】
更に、制御部５は、商用電源６２からの供給電力が深夜電力となる時間帯においては、蓄電部６５の蓄電容量を監視して、蓄電部６５の蓄電容量が設定上限値となるように、蓄電部６５への蓄電を制御する。ちなみに、蓄電部６５の蓄電容量の監視は、蓄電部６５の電圧等に基づいて、制御部５に内蔵の蓄電容量演算部にて蓄電部６５の蓄電容量を演算して行うことになる。
つまり、蓄電部６５には、発電機１における外部電力負荷に対する余剰電力、及び、商用電源６２の深夜電力が蓄電されることになる。
【００２８】
次に、貯湯槽３の湯水を複数の住戸Ｈに供給する給湯制御について、図２ないし図６に基づいて説明する。
制御部５には、水位センサ９、低温槽温度センサ１０Ｌ及び高温槽温度センサ１０Ｈ夫々の検出情報が入力され、冷却水循環ポンプ８、排熱回収用循環ポンプ１３及び給湯用循環ポンプ１５夫々の発停制御、槽用給水路開閉弁Ｖ１、上流側開閉弁Ｖ２、下流側開閉弁Ｖ３、貯湯槽迂回路開閉弁Ｖ４及び循環用給水路開閉弁Ｖ５夫々の開閉制御を行うように構成してある。
又、制御部５には、設定上限温度及び設定下限温度を予め設定して記憶させてある。ちなみに、設定上限温度としては、排熱回収用熱交換器２において貯湯槽３からの湯水にて発電機１のガスエンジンの冷却水を冷却できてガスエンジンの過熱を防止できるように、貯湯槽３の低温槽３Ｌに貯留される湯水の温度の上限値として設定するものであり、例えば６５°Ｃに設定する。
又、湯は温度が低くなると水質を維持し難いので、設定下限温度としては、各住戸Ｈに供給される湯の水質を維持できるように、貯湯槽３の高温槽３Ｈに貯留される湯水の温度の下限値として設定するものであり、例えば５０°Ｃに設定する。
【００２９】
そして、制御部５は、低温槽温度センサ１０Ｌにて検出される低温槽温度及び高温槽温度センサ１０Ｈにて検出される高温槽温度に基づいて、低温槽温度が設定上限値よりも低く且つ高温槽温度が設定下限値よりも高いときは、排熱回収用循環ポンプ１３を作動させて排熱回収用循環手段Ｃｅを湯水循環作動させ且つ給湯用循環手段Ｃｓを通常循環状態にする通常運転制御を実行し、低温槽温度が設定上限値以上で且つ高温槽温度が設定下限値よりも高いときは、排熱回収用循環ポンプ１３を停止させて排熱回収用循環手段Ｃｅの湯水循環作動を停止させ且つ給湯用循環手段Ｃｓを通常循環状態にする排熱回収停止運転制御を実行し、低温槽温度が設定上限値よりも低く且つ高温槽温度が設定下限値以下のときは、排熱回収用循環手段Ｃｅを湯水循環作動させ且つ給湯用循環手段Ｃｓを給水循環状態にする給水循環運転制御を実行する。
制御部５は、通常運転制御、排熱回収停止運転制御及び給水循環運転制御夫々の運転制御の実行中は、水位センサ９の検出水位に基づいて、高温槽３Ｈの水位が設定水位になるように、槽用給水路開閉弁Ｖ１を開閉制御する。
つまり、制御部５を用いて、制御手段を構成してある。
【００３０】
又、制御部５は、発電機１の運転を停止させている時間帯においては、低温槽温度センサ１０Ｌ及び高温槽温度センサ１０Ｈの検出情報に関係なく、排熱回収用循環手段Ｃｅの湯水循環作動を停止させ且つ給湯用循環手段Ｃｓを通常循環状態とする発電機停止時運転制御を実行する。
制御部５は、発電機停止時運転制御の実行中は、水位センサ９の検出水位に基づいて、高温槽３Ｈの水位が設定水位になるように、槽用給水路開閉弁Ｖ１を開閉制御する。
【００３１】
又、制御部５は、操作部２２から点検用運転制御の実行が指示されると、低温槽温度センサ１０Ｌ及び高温槽温度センサ１０Ｈの検出情報に関係なく、排熱回収用循環手段Ｃｅの湯水循環作動を停止させ且つ給湯用循環手段Ｃｓを給水循環状態にする点検用運転制御を実行する。
【００３２】
以下、図２ないし図６に基づいて、各運転制御おける制御部５の制御動作について説明を加える。尚、図２ないし図６では、上流側開閉弁Ｖ２、下流側開閉弁Ｖ３、貯湯槽迂回路開閉弁Ｖ４及び循環用給水路開閉弁Ｖ５夫々の開閉弁において、開弁状態を白抜き状態にて、閉弁状態を塗りつぶし状態にて示す。
【００３３】
図２に示すように、通常運転制御においては、冷却水循環ポンプ８、排熱回収用循環ポンプ１３及び給湯用循環ポンプ１５を作動させ、上流側開閉弁Ｖ２及び下流側開閉弁Ｖ３を開弁し、貯湯槽迂回路開閉弁Ｖ４及び循環用給水路開閉弁Ｖ５を閉弁する。つまり、排熱回収用循環手段Ｃｅは湯水循環作動され、給湯用循環手段Ｃｓは、貯湯槽３を通して給湯用循環経路１４にて湯水を循環させる通常循環状態に切り換えられる。
すると、エンジン冷却水は排熱回収用熱交換器２を通って循環し、貯湯槽３の湯水は、排熱回収用循環経路１１にて、低温槽３Ｌ及び高温槽３Ｈから設定比率で取り出されて排熱回収用熱交換器２を通って低温槽３Ｌの上部から戻るように循環し、給湯用循環経路１４にて、高温槽３Ｈから取り出されて複数の住戸Ｈを巡って低温槽３Ｌの上部に戻るように循環する。
つまり、低温槽３Ｌ及び高温槽３Ｈから設定比率で取り出された湯水が排熱回収用熱交換器２におけるエンジン冷却水との熱交換作用にて加熱されて、低温槽３Ｌに戻されることにより、低温槽３Ｌの湯水が加熱され、その低温槽３Ｌの上層の温度が安定した高温層の湯水がオーバーフローして高温槽３Ｈに供給されるので、高温槽３Ｈには温度が安定する状態で湯水が貯留され、その高温槽３Ｈの温度が安定した湯水が複数の住戸Ｈにわたって循環して、そのように循環する湯水が各住戸Ｈで消費されることになる。
【００３４】
図３に示すように、排熱回収停止運転制御においては、冷却水循環ポンプ８及び給湯用循環ポンプ１５を作動させ、排熱回収用循環ポンプ１３を停止させ、上流側開閉弁Ｖ２及び下流側開閉弁Ｖ３を開弁し、貯湯槽迂回路開閉弁Ｖ４及び循環用給水路開閉弁Ｖ５を閉弁する。つまり、排熱回収用循環手段Ｃｅの湯水循環作動が停止され、給湯用循環手段Ｃｓは、貯湯槽３を通して給湯用循環経路１４にて湯水を循環させる通常循環状態に切り換えられる。
すると、エンジン冷却水は排熱回収用熱交換器２を通って循環するが、排熱回収用循環ポンプ１３が停止しているので、排熱回収用循環経路１１を通じての排熱回収用熱交換器２を通る貯湯槽３の湯水の循環は停止され、貯湯槽３の湯水は、給湯用循環経路１４にて、高温槽３Ｈから取り出されて複数の住戸Ｈを巡って低温槽３Ｌの上部に戻るように循環する。
従って、高温槽３Ｈの温度が安定した湯水が複数の住戸Ｈにわたって循環して、そのように循環する湯水が各住戸Ｈで消費されることになる。又、貯湯槽３の高温の湯が排熱回収用熱交換器２を流れることがないので、エンジン冷却水が過熱されて発電機１のガスエンジンが過熱するといった不具合を防止することができる。ちなみに、この場合は、エンジン冷却水は、排熱回収用熱交換器２とは別の冷却装置にて冷却されることになる。
高温槽３Ｈの湯水の量が少なくなるのに伴って、水位センサ９にて検出される高温槽３Ｈの水位が設定水位よりも低くなると、槽用給水路開閉弁Ｖ１が開かれて、槽用給水路４を通じて低温槽３Ｌに給水されるので、低温槽３Ｌの湯水の温度が低下することになる。そして、低温槽温度センサ１０Ｌにて検出される低温槽温度が設定上限値よりも低くなることに基づいて、制御部５は通常運転制御を実行する。
【００３５】
図４に示すように、給水循環運転制御においては、冷却水循環ポンプ８、排熱回収用循環ポンプ１３及び給湯用循環ポンプ１５を作動させ、上流側開閉弁Ｖ２及び下流側開閉弁Ｖ３を閉弁し、貯湯槽迂回路開閉弁Ｖ４及び循環用給水路開閉弁Ｖ５を開弁する。つまり、排熱回収用循環手段Ｃｅは湯水循環作動され、給湯用循環手段Ｃｓは、貯湯槽迂回路１６を通して給湯用循環経路１４にて湯水を循環させ且つ給湯用循環経路１４に水道水が供給される給水循環状態に切り換えられる。
すると、エンジン冷却水は排熱回収用熱交換器２を通って循環し、貯湯槽３の湯水は排熱回収用循環経路１１及び高温槽湯水取り出し路１２のみにて循環して、給湯用循環経路１４を通じては循環せず、水道からの水道水が貯湯槽３を迂回して貯湯槽迂回路１６を流れる状態で給湯用循環経路１４にて循環する。
つまり、低温槽３Ｌ及び高温槽３Ｈから設定比率で取り出された湯水が排熱回収用熱交換器２におけるエンジン冷却水との熱交換作用にて加熱されて、低温槽３Ｌに戻されることにより、低温槽３Ｌの湯水が加熱され、その低温槽３Ｌの上層の温度が安定した高温槽３Ｈの湯水がオーバーフローして高温槽３Ｈに供給されるので、高温槽３Ｈの湯水が加熱されて昇温する。一方、水道水が複数の住戸Ｈにわたって循環して、そのように循環する水道水が各住戸Ｈで消費されることになる。
従って、高温槽３Ｈの湯水の温度が５０°Ｃよりも高くて水質を維持できるときは、各住戸Ｈには５０°Ｃよりも高くて水質を維持できる高温槽３Ｈの湯が供給され、高温槽３Ｈの湯水の温度が５０°Ｃ以下になって水質を維持し難くなると、給水循環状態に切り換えられて、各住戸Ｈには水質を維持できる水道水が供給されることになる。
給水循環運転制御の実行中に、高温槽３Ｈの湯水の温度が上昇して、高温槽温度センサ１０Ｈにて検出される高温槽温度が設定下限値よりも高くなることに基づいて、制御部５は通常運転制御を実行する。
【００３６】
図５に示すように、発電機停止時運転制御においては、冷却水循環ポンプ８及び排熱回収用循環ポンプ１３を停止させ、給湯用循環ポンプ１５を作動させ、上流側開閉弁Ｖ２及び下流側開閉弁Ｖ３を開弁し、貯湯槽迂回路開閉弁Ｖ４及び循環用給水路開閉弁Ｖ５を閉弁する。つまり、排熱回収用循環手段Ｃｅの湯水循環作動が停止され、給湯用循環手段Ｃｓは、貯湯槽３を通して給湯用循環経路１４にて湯水を循環させる通常循環状態に切り換えられる。
すると、エンジン冷却水の循環は停止し、排熱回収用循環経路１１を通じての貯湯槽３の湯水の循環は停止し、貯湯槽３の湯水は給湯用循環経路１４にて循環する。
そして、高温槽３Ｈの湯水が複数の住戸Ｈにわたって循環して、そのように循環する湯水が各住戸Ｈで消費されることになる。
従って、発電機１の停止時も、継続して各住戸Ｈに湯水が供給される。
【００３７】
図６に示すように、点検用運転制御においては、冷却水循環ポンプ８及び排熱回収用循環ポンプ１３を停止させ、給湯用循環ポンプ１５を作動させ、上流側開閉弁Ｖ２及び下流側開閉弁Ｖ３を閉弁し、貯湯槽迂回路開閉弁Ｖ４及び循環用給水路開閉弁Ｖ５を開弁する。つまり、排熱回収用循環手段Ｃｅの湯水循環作動が停止され、給湯用循環手段Ｃｓは、貯湯槽迂回路１６を通して給湯用循環経路１４にて湯水を循環させ且つ給湯用循環経路１４に水道水が供給される給水循環状態に切り換えられる。
すると、エンジン冷却水の循環は停止し、貯湯槽３の湯水の循環も停止し、水道からの水道水が貯湯槽３を迂回する状態で給湯用循環経路１４にて循環する。
つまり、水道水が複数の住戸Ｈにわたって循環し、そのように循環する水道水が各住戸Ｈで消費されることになる。
従って、貯湯槽３を点検する間も、継続して各住戸Ｈに湯水が供給される。
【００３８】
次に、図７に基づいて、各住戸Ｈに設ける給湯器Ｋについて説明する。
給湯器Ｋは、住戸用湯水供給路１９から供給される湯水と住戸用給水路２１から供給される水とを混合する混合部Ｋｍと、その混合部Ｋｍから湯水が加熱対象として供給される加熱部Ｋｈと、給湯目標温度を設定する給湯温度設定部等を備えたリモコン操作部３１を備えて構成してある。
【００３９】
加熱部Ｋｈは、混合部Ｋｍから給水路３２を通じて供給される湯水を加熱して、加熱後の湯水を給湯路３３に供給する給湯用熱交換器３４と、追焚用循環路３５を通流する浴槽（図示省略）の湯水を加熱する追焚用熱交換器３６と、それら給湯用熱交換器３４及び追焚用熱交換器３６を加熱するガスバーナ３７と、加熱部Ｋｈの作動を制御する加熱制御部３８等を備えて構成してある。
【００４０】
ガスバーナ３７には、住戸用ガス供給路２０を接続し、その住戸用ガス供給路２０には、ガス供給を断続するガス断続弁３９、及び、ガス供給量を調整するガス比例弁４０を設けてある。
【００４１】
給水路３２には、供給される湯水の温度を検出する給水温度センサ４１、供給される湯水の流量を検出する給水量センサ４２を設け、給水路３２と給湯路３３とを給水バイパス路４３にて接続してある。
給湯路３３には、上流側から順に、給湯用熱交換器３４からの湯水と給水バイパス路４３からの水との混合比を調整するミキシング弁４５、湯水の量を調整する水比例弁５０と、ミキシング弁４５にて混合された湯水の温度を検出する給湯温度センサ４４を設け、給湯路３３の先端には、給湯栓４９を接続してある。
給湯路３３から分岐した湯張り路４６を追焚用循環路３５における往路部分に接続し、湯張り路４６には湯張り用開閉弁４７を設けてある。
又、追焚用循環路３５における復路部分には、浴槽水を循環させる浴槽用循環ポンプ４８を設けてある。
【００４２】
混合部Ｋｍは、住戸用湯水供給路１９（即ち、給湯用循環手段Ｃｓ）から供給される湯水と住戸用給水路２１から供給される水との混合比を調整するミキシング弁５１と、住戸用湯水供給路１９からミキシング弁５１への湯水供給を断続する湯水供給路開閉弁５２と、住戸用湯水供給路１９からミキシング弁５１へ供給される湯水の温度（以下、循環湯水温度と称する場合がある）を検出する循環湯水温度センサ５３と、住戸用給水路２１からミキシング弁５１へ供給される水の温度（混合部給水温度と称する場合がある）を検出する給水温度センサ５４と、ミキシング弁５１から流出した湯水の温度（以下、混合湯水温度と称する場合がある）を検出する混合温度センサ５５と、混合部Ｋｍの作動を制御する混合制御部５６等を備えて構成してある。
【００４３】
次に、加熱制御部３８及び混合制御部５６の制御動作について説明する。
加熱制御部３８は、リモコン操作部３１及び混合制御部５６夫々との間で各種の制御情報を通信するように構成してある。
リモコン操作部３１の運転スイッチがオンされると、加熱制御部３８及び混合制御部５６夫々の制御が可能で、湯水供給路開閉弁５２が開かれた運転状態となる。
そして、給湯栓４９が開かれて、給水量センサ４２の検出湯水流量が設定量以上になると、加熱制御部３８は、混合制御部５６に対して、リモコン操作部３１にて設定された給湯目標温度を送信し、混合制御部５６は、循環湯水温度センサ５３にて検出された循環湯水温度と加熱制御部３８から送られてきた給湯目標温度とを比較して、循環湯水温度が給湯目標温度以上のときはその旨を、循環湯水温度が給湯目標温度より低いときはその旨をそれぞれ加熱制御部３８に送信する。
【００４４】
又、混合制御部５６には、予め、混合目標温度を設定して記憶させてある。ちなみに、混合目標温度としては低混合目標温度と高混合目標温度との２種類を設定してあり、低混合目標温度は、リモコン操作部３１で設定される給湯目標温度が予め設定してある通常給湯目標温度範囲（例えば３５〜４８°Ｃ）のときに対応するものであり、例えば３０°Ｃに設定し、高混合目標温度は、リモコン操作部３１で設定される給湯目標温度が予め設定してある高温給湯目標温度（例えば６０°Ｃ）のときに対応するものであり、例えば、４５°Ｃに設定する。
【００４５】
給湯栓４９が開かれて給水量センサ４２の検出湯水流量が設定量以上になることに基づいて、加熱制御部３８から給湯目標温度が送信されてくると、混合制御部５６は、循環湯水温度センサ５３にて検出される循環湯水温度と給湯目標温度とを比較して、循環湯水温度が給湯目標温度以上のときは、循環湯水温度センサ５３、給水温度センサ５４及び混合温度センサ５５夫々の検出温度に基づいて、混合温度センサ５５にて検出される混合湯水温度が給湯目標温度になるようにミキシング弁５１を調整して、住戸用湯水供給路１９からの湯水と住戸用給水路２１からの水を混合し、且つ、循環湯水温度が給湯目標温度以上である旨を加熱制御部３８に送信する。
加熱制御部３８は、循環湯水温度が給湯目標温度以上である旨が混合制御部５６から送信されてくると、ガスバーナ３７を燃焼停止状態とする。
従って、混合部Ｋｍから加熱部Ｋｈに供給された湯水は加熱部Ｋｈにて加熱されずに給湯栓４９から出湯することになり、給湯栓４９からは給湯目標温度又は略給湯目標温度の湯水が出湯する。
【００４６】
一方、循環湯水温度が給湯目標温度よりも低いときは、循環湯水温度センサ５３、給水温度センサ５４及び混合温度センサ５５夫々の検出温度に基づいて、混合温度センサ５５にて検出される混合湯水温度が、給湯目標温度が通常給湯目標温度範囲のときは低混合目標温度になるように、あるいは、給湯目標温度が高温給湯目標温度のときは高混合目標温度になるように、ミキシング弁５１を調整して、住戸用湯水供給路１９からの湯水と住戸用給水路２１からの水を混合し、且つ、循環湯水温度が給湯目標温度よりも低い旨を加熱制御部３８に送信する。
加熱制御部３８は、混合制御部５６から循環湯水温度が給湯目標温度よりも低い旨が送信されてくると、ガスバーナ３７を燃焼させ、給湯目標温度、給水温度センサ４１の検出温度及び給水量センサ４２の検出給水量に基づいて、給湯用熱交換器３４から流出する湯水の温度が給湯目標温度になるように、ガス比例弁４０の開度及びミキシング弁４５の開度を調節するフィードフォワード制御を実行し、且つ、給湯温度センサ４４の検出温度と給湯目標温度との偏差に基づいてガス比例弁４０の開度を微調整するフィードバック制御を実行する。
従って、給湯栓４９からは給湯目標温度の湯水が出湯することになる。
【００４７】
つまり、 加熱制御部３８及び混合制御部５６にて給湯器制御部を構成するとすると、給湯器Ｋは、給湯用循環手段Ｃｓからの湯水と給水源からの水とを混合すると共にその混合比率が調整自在な混合部Ｋｍと、その混合部Ｋｍから供給される湯水を加熱すると共にその加熱量が調整自在な加熱部Ｋｈと、給湯用循環手段Ｃｓから供給される湯水の温度を検出する循環湯水温度センサ５３と、給水源からの水の温度を検出する給水温度センサ５４と、それら循環湯水温度センサ５３及び給水温度センサ５４夫々の検出温度に基づいて、給湯用循環手段Ｃｓからの湯水の温度が給湯目標温度以上のときは、混合後の湯水の温度が給湯目標温度になるように混合部Ｋｍにおける混合比率を調整し且つ加熱部Ｋｈの加熱作動を停止する給湯器制御部を備えて構成されている。
又、前記給湯器制御部は、給湯用循環手段Ｃｓからの湯水の温度が給湯目標温度よりも低いときは、混合後の湯水の温度が、加熱部Ｋｈの加熱作動による給湯目標温度への温度調節が安定して行えるような加熱対象の湯水の温度として予め設定した混合目標温度になるように混合部Ｋｍにおける混合比率を調整し、且つ、給湯目標温度になるように加熱部Ｋｈの加熱量を調整するように構成されている。
【００４８】
従って、給湯用循環手段Ｃｓからの湯水の温度が給湯目標温度以上のときは、混合部Ｋｍにて、給湯目標温度になるように給湯用循環手段Ｃｓからの湯水と給水源からの水とが混合され、そのように混合された湯水が加熱部Ｋｈにて加熱されずに出湯されるので、給湯目標温度又は略給湯目標温度の湯水が得られる。
【００４９】
又、給湯用循環手段Ｃｓからの湯水の温度が給湯目標温度よりも低いときは、給湯目標温度への温度調節が安定して行えるような混合目標温度になるように、給湯用循環手段Ｃｓからの湯水と給水源からの水とが混合されてから、加熱部Ｋｈにて給湯目標温度になるように加熱されるので、給湯用循環手段Ｃｓからの湯水の温度と給湯目標温度との差が小さいときでも、給湯目標温度又は略給湯目標温度の湯水が得られる。
つまり、ガスバーナ３７の燃焼安定性を確保するために、ガスバーナ３７の燃焼量は所定の最小燃焼量よりも小さくは絞れないようにしてある。従って、前述の如き湯水混合制御、即ち、給湯用循環手段Ｃｓからの湯水と給水源からの水とを混合目標温度になるように混合する制御を行わないときは、給湯用循環手段Ｃｓからの湯水の温度と給湯目標温度との差が小さくて、その差に基づいて求めた燃焼量が最小燃焼量よりも小さいときは、例えば、ガスバーナ３７を最小燃焼量にて燃焼させるようになるので、出湯する湯水の温度を給湯目標温度に調整し難いといった不具合が生じることになる。そこで、前述の如き湯水混合制御を行うことにより、前述の如き不具合が解消されることになる。
【００５０】
要するに、給湯用循環手段Ｃｓにて供給される湯水の温度は、供給対象住戸群における湯水使用量により変動するが、給湯用循環手段Ｃｓにて供給される湯水の温度が給湯目標温度以上のとき及び給湯目標温度よりも低いときのいずれにおいても、各住戸Ｈでは、給湯目標温度又は略給湯目標温度の湯水を得ることができる。
【００５１】
上述のように構成したコージェネレーションシステムでは、各住戸Ｈにおける湯水流量計Ｍ３及び住戸用電力計Ｍ７の検針は、地域又は集合住宅に含まれる複数の住戸Ｈを管理する管理組合が検針して、各住戸Ｈに課金することになる。
【００５２】
〔別実施形態〕
次に別実施形態を説明する。
（イ） 上記の実施形態においては、排熱回収用循環手段Ｃｅを、低温槽３Ｌと高温槽３Ｈから設定比率で湯水を取り出すように構成する場合について例示したが、低温槽３Ｌのみから湯水を取り出すように構成しても良い。
【００５３】
（ロ） 上記の実施形態においては、給湯器Ｋは、混合部Ｋｍ及び加熱部Ｋｈの両方を備えて構成する場合について例示したが、混合部Ｋｍを省略しても良い。
【００５４】
（ハ） 槽用給水手段Ｗｂの具体構成は、上記の実施形態において例示した構成に限定されるものではない。例えば、槽用給水路４を排熱回収用循環経路１１における排熱回収用熱交換器２の設置箇所よりも上流側部分に接続して、排熱回収用循環経路１１を通じて低温槽３Ｌに給水するように構成しても良い。この場合、槽用給水路４を排熱回収用循環経路１１に直接接続して、常時、槽用給水路４が排熱回収用循環経路１１に連通する状態としても良いし、あるいは、槽用給水路４を三方弁を介して排熱回収用循環経路１１に接続して、三方弁により、槽用給水路４を排熱回収用循環経路１１に対して連通させる状態と連通を断つ状態とに切り換えて、低温槽３Ｌへの給水を断続するように構成しても良い。
【００５５】
（ニ） 低温槽３Ｌと高温槽３Ｈとの間の湯水の温度の関係は、供給対象住戸群における湯水使用量の変動、発電機１から供給される排熱量の変動等に伴い変化するものであり、低温槽３Ｌの湯水の温度が高温槽３Ｈの湯水の温度よりも低い場合が多いが、低温槽３Ｌの湯水の温度が高温槽３Ｈの湯水の温度以上になる場合もある。
【００５６】
（ホ） 上記の実施形態のように、発電機１をガスエンジン等のエンジンにて駆動されるエンジン駆動の回転式にて構成する場合、排熱回収用熱交換器２に供給する発電機１の排熱としては、上記の実施形態において例示したエンジン冷却水以外に、エンジンの排ガスを供給したり、エンジン冷却水と排ガスの両方を供給したりするように構成しても良い。尚、発電機１をエンジン駆動の回転式にて構成する場合、エンジンとしては、上記の実施形態において例示した都市ガスを燃料とするもの以外に、ＬＰガス、石油、ガソリン等種々の燃料を用いるものを使用することができる。
又、発電機１は、上記の実施形態において例示した如きエンジン駆動の回転式にて構成する以外に、ガスタービンにて駆動するガスタービン駆動の回転式にて構成しても良い。発電機１をガスタービン駆動の回転式にて構成する場合、排熱回収用熱交換器２には発電機１の排熱としてガスタービンの排ガスを供給するように構成する。
又、発電機１としては、上記の如き回転式に限定されるのではなく、例えば、各種の燃料電池にて構成することができる。発電機１を燃料電池にて構成する場合は、排熱回収用熱交換器２には発電機１の排熱として燃料電池の冷却水を供給するように構成する。
【００５７】
（ヘ） 上記の実施形態においては、１台の貯湯槽３に対して発電機１を１台設ける場合について例示したが、１台の貯湯槽３に対して発電機１を複数台設けても良い。この場合、例えば、複数台の発電機１夫々に排熱回収用熱交換器２を１台ずつ設けて、それら複数の排熱回収用熱交換器２を並列状態にて貯湯槽３に接続する構成を採用することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】コージェネレーションシステムの全体構成を示すブロック図
【図２】コージェネレーションシステムにおける通常運転制御での湯水流動状態を示すブロック図
【図３】コージェネレーションシステムにおける排熱回収停止運転制御での湯水流動状態を示すブロック図
【図４】コージェネレーションシステムにおける給水循環運転制御での湯水流動状態を示すブロック図
【図５】コージェネレーションシステムにおける発電機停止時運転制御での湯水流動状態を示すブロック図
【図６】コージェネレーションシステムにおける点検用運転制御での湯水流動状態を示すブロック図
【図７】コージェネレーションシステムの給湯器の構成を示すブロック図
【図８】従来のコージェネレーションシステムのブロック図
【符号の説明】
１ 発電機
２ 排熱回収用熱交換器
３ 貯湯槽
３Ｈ 高温槽
３Ｌ 低温槽
５ 制御手段
９ 水位検出手段
１０Ｈ 高温槽温度検出手段
１０Ｌ 低温槽温度検出手段
１１ 排熱回収用循環経路
１４ 給湯用循環経路
１６ 貯湯槽迂回路
Ｃｅ 排熱回収用循環手段
Ｃｓ 給湯用循環手段
Ｈ 住戸
Ｋ 給湯器
Ｗｂ 給水手段[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In the present invention, a power generator is provided for an area or an apartment house, and a generator is provided.
Exhaust heat recovery heat exchanger to which the exhaust heat from the generator is supplied, a hot water storage tank, water supply means for supplying water to the hot water storage tank, hot water recovery over the exhaust heat recovery heat exchanger and the hot water storage tank The present invention relates to a cogeneration system provided with circulation means for exhaust heat recovery to be circulated, and circulation means for hot water supply for circulating hot water over the hot water storage tank and a plurality of dwelling units included in the area or apartment house.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Such a cogeneration system supplies electric power to a plurality of dwelling units (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a supply target dwelling group) included in an area or an apartment house with a generator, and also uses exhaust heat recovery circulation means. The hot water is circulated between the heat exchanger for recovering exhaust heat supplied with the exhaust heat of the generator and the hot water tank to heat the hot water in the hot water tank, and the hot water circulating means for supplying hot water and the housing units to be supplied are The hot water is circulated over the entire area, the exhaust heat of the generator is recovered, and the heated hot water is supplied to the supply target dwelling units.
[0003]
In such a cogeneration system, conventionally, as shown in FIG. 8, there has been a hot water storage tank 3 configured in a hermetically sealed manner in which hot water is stored in a full state (see JP-A-7-324809).
As shown in FIG. 8, in the case where the sealed hot water storage tank 3 is provided, the water supply means Wb is constituted by a water supply channel 71 for supplying water from the water supply as a water supply source to the bottom of the hot water storage tank 3. The circulation means Cs for hot water supply has a hot water supply flow path 72 piped so as to form a circulation path in which hot water taken out from the upper part of the hot water storage tank 3 flows through the supply target dwelling units and is returned to the hot water storage tank 3, and its hot water supply An exhaust heat recovery flow path comprising a hot water supply circulation pump 73 provided in the flow path 72, and the exhaust heat recovery circulation means Ce forms a circulation path between the hot water storage tank 3 and the exhaust heat recovery heat exchanger 2. 74 and the exhaust heat recovery circulation pump 75 provided in the exhaust heat recovery flow path 74. In FIG. 8, K is a water heater provided in each dwelling unit in order to heat the hot water supplied by the hot water supply type circulation means Cs.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in a conventional cogeneration system with a sealed hot water storage tank, hot water is taken out from the upper part of the hot water storage tank where hot water is stored in a state where temperature stratification is formed and supplied to the supply target housing units. Therefore, although the hot water supply temperature to the dwelling unit is stable, the hot water tank is hermetically sealed, so the work for checking and maintaining the hot water tank is complicated, so the maintenance management of the hot water tank is complicated. was there.
Incidentally, in order to solve the above-described problems, a case where the hot water storage tank is configured to be an open type of one tank is conceivable. However, in the case where one open-type hot water storage tank is provided, since the hot water storage tank is an open type, maintenance management of the hot water tank is simple, but the supply temperature of hot water to the dwelling unit is unstable. there were. In addition, in one open-type hot water storage tank, the water level of the hot water storage tank fluctuates depending on the amount of hot water used by the supply target dwelling group. The hot water extraction position of the hot water circulation means in the hot water tank must be set on the bottom side of the hot water tank, and in this case, the temperature stratification of the hot water tank is disturbed and the hot water is extracted from the bottom of the hot water tank. Since the temperature of the hot water is unstable, there is a problem that the supply temperature of the hot water to the dwelling unit is unstable.
[0005]
The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a cogeneration system in which maintenance management is simple and the supply temperature of hot water to a dwelling unit is stable.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
[Invention of Claim 1]
The characteristic configuration according to claim 1 is an open type in which the hot water storage tank includes a low temperature tank supplied with the water supply means and a high temperature tank supplied with hot water in an overflow state from the low temperature tank. And
The exhaust heat recovery circulation means is configured to circulate hot water in a waste heat recovery circulation path that takes hot water from the low temperature bath and returns it to the low temperature bath again,
The hot water circulation means is configured to circulate hot water in a hot water circulation path that takes hot water from the high temperature bath and returns it to the low temperature bath.
According to the characteristic configuration of the first aspect, the hot water in the hot water storage tank is taken out from the low temperature tank and returned to the low temperature tank through the exhaust heat recovery heat exchanger by the exhaust heat recovery circulation means. The hot water in the hot water storage layer is circulated in the circulation path, and is circulated in the hot water circulation path that is taken out from the high temperature tank and returns to the low temperature tank around the supply target dwelling units. The hot water circulating in the exhaust heat recovery circulation path is heated by the exhaust heat recovery heat exchanger and returned to the low temperature layer, whereby the hot water in the low temperature bath is heated and the hot water in the upper layer of the low temperature bath overflows. Then, the hot water is supplied to the high-temperature tank and stored in the high-temperature tank, and the hot water in the high-temperature tank circulates over the supply target dwelling units, and hot water is consumed in each dwelling unit.
In other words, the hot water storage tank is divided into a low temperature tank and a high temperature tank, and the hot water in the high temperature tank is circulated to the supply target dwelling group. Therefore, hot water is stored in the low temperature bath in a state where the temperature stratification is stably formed, and hot water is stored in the state where the temperature stratification is stably formed in the high temperature bath. Since hot water is supplied in an overflow state from the upper high temperature layer of the low temperature bath, the hot water is stored in the high temperature bath with no or small temperature deviation in the depth direction. Therefore, even if hot water is taken out from the bottom of the high temperature layer and supplied to the supply target dwelling units, since the hot water is stored in the high temperature tank with no or small temperature deviation in the depth direction, The supply temperature of hot water is stabilized.
Moreover, since the hot water tank is an open type, the work for inspection and maintenance of the hot water tank is simplified, and the maintenance management of the hot water tank is simplified.
Therefore, it has become possible to provide a cogeneration system that is easy to maintain and stabilizes the supply temperature of hot water to the dwelling unit.
[0007]
[Invention of Claim 2]
The characteristic configuration described in claim 2 is that the exhaust heat recovery circulation means is configured to extract hot water from the low temperature bath and the high temperature bath at a set ratio.
According to the characteristic configuration of the second aspect, hot water is taken out from the low temperature tank and the high temperature tank at a set ratio by the exhaust heat recovery circulation means, and passes through the heat exchanger for exhaust heat recovery into the low temperature tank. Since the hot water in the hot water storage layer is circulated in the returning form, the hot water in the high temperature bath is also circulated in the exhaust heat recovery circulation path, so that the temperature drop of the hot water in the high temperature bath due to heat dissipation is suppressed and the high temperature is increased. The temperature of the hot water in the tank is more stable.
Therefore, the supply temperature of hot water to the dwelling unit can be further stabilized.
[0008]
[Invention of Claim 3]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, the water level detecting means for detecting the water level of the high temperature tank and the water supply means so that the water level of the high temperature tank becomes a set water level based on the detected water level of the water level detecting means. And a control means for controlling the water supply operation.
According to the characteristic configuration of the third aspect, the control means controls the water supply operation of the water supply means based on the detected water level of the water level detection means so that the water level of the high-temperature tank becomes the set water level. Regardless of fluctuations in the amount of hot water used in the group, hot water is stored in the high temperature tank at the set water level.
Therefore, it is possible to stably supply hot water to each dwelling unit regardless of fluctuations in the amount of hot water used in the supply target dwelling group.
[0009]
[Invention of Claim 4]
The characteristic configuration according to claim 4 is a low temperature bath temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of the hot water in the low temperature bath, and the temperature of the hot water in the low temperature bath is based on the detected temperature of the low temperature bath temperature detecting means. Control means for stopping the hot water circulation operation of the exhaust heat recovery circulation means when the temperature is higher than the temperature, and for causing the exhaust heat recovery circulation means to perform hot water circulation operation when the temperature of the hot water in the low temperature tank becomes lower than the set upper limit temperature; Is that it is provided.
According to the characteristic configuration of the fourth aspect, the control means is configured to circulate the hot water in the exhaust heat recovery circulation means when the temperature of the hot water in the low temperature tank exceeds the set upper limit temperature based on the temperature detected by the low temperature tank temperature detection means. When the operation is stopped and the temperature of the hot water in the low temperature tank becomes lower than the set upper limit temperature, the circulating means for recovering the exhaust heat is operated to circulate the hot water.
In other words, the amount of hot water used in the supply units to be supplied is reduced, the temperature of the low temperature layer becomes higher than the set upper limit temperature, and the generator cooling water supplied to the heat exchanger for exhaust heat recovery as exhaust heat is exhausted. When the amount of heat conducted to the hot water in the hot water storage layer in the heat exchanger for recovery is greatly suppressed and the generator may overheat, the heat from the hot water layer to the exhaust heat recovery heat exchanger Since the hot water supply is stopped and the generator is prevented from overheating as described above, the generator can continue to operate normally even if the amount of hot water used in the supply target dwelling group is reduced, Hot water can be supplied to the supply target dwelling group while power is continuously supplied to the supply target dwelling group by the generator. Incidentally, in this case, the cooling water of the generator is cooled by a cooling device different from the heat exchanger for exhaust heat recovery.
On the other hand, when the amount of hot water used in the supply target housing group is within the normal range and the temperature of the hot water in the low-temperature tank is lower than the set upper limit temperature, hot water is supplied from the hot water storage layer to the heat exchanger for exhaust heat recovery and discharged. In the heat exchanger for heat recovery, heat is exchanged between the cooling water of the generator and the hot water of the hot water storage layer, so the cooling water of the generator is cooled and the hot water of the low temperature layer is heated while operating the generator normally. Thus, hot water can be supplied to the supply target dwelling units.
Therefore, it is possible to stably supply power and hot water to the supply target dwelling group regardless of fluctuations in the amount of hot water used in the supply target dwelling group.
[0010]
[Invention of Claim 5]
The characteristic configuration according to claim 5 is provided with a hot water tank bypass circuit for circulating the hot water in the hot water circulation path by bypassing the hot water tank in the hot water circulation means,
The hot water circulation means includes a normal circulation state in which hot water is circulated in the hot water circulation path through the hot water storage tank, and hot water is circulated in the hot water circulation path through the hot water tank bypass and the hot water circulation path. It is configured to be switchable to a water supply circulation state in which water is supplied from a water supply source to
Based on the detection information of the high temperature bath temperature detection means for detecting the temperature of the hot water in the high temperature bath, and when the temperature of the hot water in the high temperature bath is higher than a set lower limit temperature, the circulation for hot water supply There is provided control means for switching the means to the normal circulation state and switching the hot water supply circulation means to the water supply circulation state when the temperature of the hot water in the high-temperature tank is equal to or lower than the set lower limit temperature.
According to the characteristic configuration of the fifth aspect, the control means normally circulates the hot water supply circulation means when the temperature of the hot water in the high temperature tank is higher than the set lower limit temperature based on the detection information of the high temperature tank temperature detection means. When the temperature of the hot water in the high-temperature tank is lower than the set lower limit temperature, the hot water supply circulation means is switched to the water supply circulation state.
When the hot water supply circulation means is switched to the normal circulation state, hot water in the hot water storage layer is circulated in the hot water supply circulation path, and when switched to the water supply circulation state, water is supplied from the water supply source to the hot water supply circulation path. The hot water is circulated through the hot water supply circulation path through the hot water tank detour.
That is, when hot water of low temperature (for example, 40 ° C. or more and 50 ° C. or less) stays, it is difficult to maintain the water quality. Therefore, when the temperature of the hot water in the hot bath is higher than the set lower limit temperature, As a result, hot water in the high-temperature tank is circulated across the supply target unit group, for example, the amount of hot water used in the supply target unit group is increased, and the temperature of the hot water in the high-temperature tank is below the set lower limit temperature. When it becomes difficult to maintain the water quality, the hot water circulation in the high-temperature tank is stopped, and water with a temperature much lower than 40 ° C is supplied from the water supply source to the hot water supply circulation path while diverting the hot water tank. Since water is circulated through the circulation path, water that can maintain the water quality at a temperature considerably lower than 40 ° C. is circulated in the supply target dwelling group, and the water is used in each dwelling unit. Incidentally, it is preferable to supply tap water as the water to be supplied to the hot water supply circulation path in the water supply circulation state because the tap water contains chlorine, so that the water quality can be more easily maintained.
Therefore, hot water can be supplied to the supply target dwelling unit in a state of maintaining the water quality.
[0011]
[Invention of Claim 6]
A characteristic configuration according to claim 6 is that each of the plurality of dwelling units is provided with a water heater that heats hot water supplied through the hot water supply circulation means and supplies the hot water to the hot water demand section.
According to the characteristic configuration of claim 6, each dwelling unit is provided with a water heater that heats the hot water supplied through the hot water supply circulation means and supplies it to the hot water demand section. Even when the temperature of hot water supplied through the hot water supply circulation means is lower than the desired hot water supply temperature, such as when the generator is stopped or when there is a large amount of hot water in the supply target housing group, The hot water supplied through the hot water supply is heated by the hot water heater so as to reach the hot water supply target temperature and supplied to the hot water demand section.
Therefore, even when the temperature of the hot water supplied through the hot water supply circulation means becomes lower than the desired hot water supply target temperature in each dwelling unit, the hot water at the desired hot water supply target temperature can be obtained in each dwelling unit.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, the cogeneration system is provided with a generator 1 for supplying power to an apartment house, and heat for exhaust heat recovery to which exhaust heat from the generator 1 is supplied to the apartment house. An exchanger 2, a hot water tank 3, a tank water supply means Wb for supplying water to the hot water tank 3 (corresponding to a water supply means), a waste heat recovery heat exchanger 2 and a hot water tank 3 through which the hot water is circulated. A heat recovery circulation means Ce, a hot water circulation means Cs for circulating hot water over the hot water storage tank 3 and the plurality of dwelling units H included in the apartment house, a control unit 5 for controlling various controls of the cogeneration system, and Each of the plurality of dwelling units H included in the apartment house is provided with a water heater K that heats the hot water supplied through the hot water supply circulation means Cs and supplies it to each hot water demand section in the dwelling unit H.
[0013]
Further, the cogeneration system includes a power receiving / transforming facility 61 that collectively receives power from the commercial power source 62, an interconnection device 63 that interconnects the generator 1 with the commercial power source 62, and a power receiving / transforming facility 61. The AC / DC converter 64 that converts received AC power and AC power from the generator 1 into DC power, the power storage unit 65 that stores the DC power converted by the AC / DC converter 64, and the DC of the power storage unit 65 An orthogonal transformation device 66 that converts electric power into AC power is provided.
And the electric power feeding line 68 is wired so that the alternating current power output from the orthogonal transformation apparatus 66 may be supplied to each dwelling unit H contained in an apartment house, and the common power consumption apparatus 67 in an apartment house. Hereinafter, the power consuming equipment in the plurality of dwelling units H and the shared power consuming equipment 67 in the housing complex may be collectively referred to as an external power load.
In addition, a collective power receiving wattmeter M6 for measuring the power received by the power receiving / transforming equipment 61 is provided, and a wattmeter M7 for dwelling unit for measuring the power received by each dwelling unit H is provided on the power supply line 68 to each dwelling unit H. It is provided.
[0014]
The generator 1 includes a gas engine (not shown) that uses city gas supplied through the generator gas supply path 6 as fuel, and is configured to be driven by the gas engine. M1 in the figure is a common part gas flow meter provided in the generator gas supply path 6, and the gas consumption in the generator 1 is measured.
And the engine cooling water which cools a gas engine is comprised so that it may circulate over the gas engine and the heat exchanger 2 for waste heat recovery in the cooling water circulation path 7. FIG. 8 in the figure is a cooling water circulation pump provided in the cooling water circulation path 7.
[0015]
As shown in FIG. 2, in the present invention, the hot water storage tank 3 includes a low temperature tank 3L supplied with water supply means Wb for the tank, and a high temperature tank 3H supplied with hot water in an overflow state from the low temperature tank 3L. The exhaust heat recovery circulation means Ce is configured to circulate hot water in the exhaust heat recovery circulation path 11 that takes hot water from the low temperature tank 3L and returns it to the low temperature tank 3L again. The hot water supply circulation means Cs is configured to circulate hot water in the hot water supply circulation path 14 that takes hot water from the high temperature tank 3H and returns it to the low temperature tank 3L.
[0016]
Based on FIG. 2, the hot water storage tank 3 will be described. When the upper part is opened, the inside of the box-shaped tank main body part 3 m having a lid that can be opened and closed is opened, and the upper edge part is the tank main body part. In the partition wall 3w provided below the upper part of 3m, it is divided into two and divided into two, one is a low temperature tank 3L, the other is a high temperature tank 3H, and hot water in the low temperature tank 3L is on the partition wall 3w. It overflows beyond the edge and is configured to be supplied to the high temperature bath 3H.
The high temperature tank 3H is provided with a water level sensor 9 as water level detecting means for detecting the water level of the high temperature tank 3H.
Further, 10 L of a low-temperature tank temperature sensor (corresponding to a low-temperature tank temperature detection means) for detecting the temperature of hot water in the low-temperature tank 3L (hereinafter sometimes referred to as low-temperature tank temperature) and the temperature of hot water in the high-temperature tank 3H (hereinafter referred to as “low-temperature tank temperature detection means”) , Which may be referred to as a high temperature bath temperature) is provided. A high temperature bath temperature sensor (corresponding to a high temperature bath temperature detecting means) 10H is provided.
[0017]
Based on FIG.1 and FIG.2, description is added about the circulation means Ce for waste heat recovery.
The waste heat recovery circulation means Ce is a waste heat recovery circulation path piped so as to flow the hot water taken out from the bottom of the low temperature tank 3L back through the exhaust heat recovery heat exchanger 2 from the top of the low temperature tank 3L. 11 and the amount of hot water taken out from the low temperature tank 3L in the exhaust heat recovery circulation path 11 are taken out from the bottom of the high temperature tank 3H and supplied to the exhaust heat recovery circulation path 11 The hot water / hot water take-out passage 12 piped to the exhaust passage and the exhaust heat recovery circulation pump 13 provided in the exhaust heat recovery circulation passage 11 are provided.
The ratio of the amount of hot water taken out from the low temperature tank 3L and the amount of hot water taken out from the high temperature tank 3H is set to such a ratio that the hot water in the low temperature tank 3L can be heated and the hot water in the high temperature tank 3H can be kept warm. By adjusting the diameters of the pipes forming the exhaust heat recovery circulation path 11 and the pipes forming the hot bath hot water take-out path 12, the hot water take-out amount from the low temperature bath 3L and the hot water take-out amount from the high temperature bath 3H can be adjusted. The setting ratio is set.
[0018]
That is, hot water is taken out from the bottom of each of the low temperature tank 3L and the high temperature tank 3H, heated in the heat exchanger 2 for exhaust heat recovery, and then returned to the low temperature tank 3L, so that the low temperature tank 3L has temperature stratification. Hot water is stored in a stably formed state, and the hot water in the upper layer of the low temperature tank 3L is overflowed and supplied to the high temperature tank 3H, so that the high temperature tank 3H has a depth direction. The hot water is stored in a state where there is no or small temperature deviation and the temperature is kept within a predetermined temperature range. Incidentally, although details will be described later, the temperature of the hot water in the low temperature tank 3L is controlled by the control unit 5 to be, for example, 65 ° C. or less. In that case, the temperature of the hot water in the high-temperature tank 3H is maintained in the range of 50 to 60 ° C., for example.
[0019]
The tank water supply means Wb includes a tank water supply path 4 connected to a water supply as a water supply source and a low temperature tank 3L of the hot water storage tank 3, and a tank that is provided in the tank water supply path 4 and intermittently supplies water to the low temperature tank 3L. And a water supply channel opening / closing valve V1.
[0020]
Based on FIGS. 1 and 2, the hot water supply circulation means Cs will be described.
The hot water supply circulation means Cs includes a hot water supply circulation path 14 piped so that hot water taken out from the bottom of the high temperature tank 3H is returned to the upper part of the low temperature tank 3L via a plurality of dwelling units H, and the hot water supply circulation. A hot water supply circulation pump 15 provided upstream of the location via the dwelling unit in the path 14 is provided, and an upstream open / close valve V2 is provided upstream of the installation location of the hot water supply circulation pump 15 in the hot water supply circulation path 14, A downstream on-off valve V3 is provided on the downstream side of the circulating route 14 for the dwelling unit.
[0021]
Further, the hot water tank bypass circuit 16 is connected to a location between the upstream opening / closing valve V2 and the hot water circulation pump 15 in the hot water supply circulation path 14, the location via the dwelling unit, and the downstream opening / closing valve V3. The hot water can be circulated through the hot water supply circulation path 14 in a state of bypassing the hot water tank 3 through the hot water tank bypass circuit 16. The hot water tank bypass circuit 16 is provided with a check valve 17 and a hot water tank bypass circuit opening / closing valve V4.
Further, the circulation water supply path 18 connected to the water supply as a water supply source is connected to a location between the installation location of the upstream on-off valve V2 and the installation location of the hot water supply circulation pump 15 in the hot water supply circulation route 14. The tap water is supplied to the hot water supply circulation path 14, and the circulation water supply path 18 is provided with a circulation water supply path opening / closing valve V5. Therefore, the circulation water supply means Wc is constituted by the circulation water supply path 18 and the circulation water supply path opening / closing valve V5. In addition, the common part tap water flow meter M2 which measures the water flow amount which match | combined the water flow amount of each of the tank water supply path 4 and the circulation water supply path 18 mentioned above is provided.
[0022]
That is, when the hot water supply circulation pump 15 is operated, the upstream side open / close valve V2 and the downstream side open / close valve V3 are opened, and the hot water tank bypass circuit open / close valve V4 and the circulation water supply line open / close valve V5 are closed. 2, hot water is taken out from the high temperature tank 3H, flows through the hot water supply circulation path 14 and returns to the low temperature tank 3L, that is, normal circulation in which hot water is circulated in the hot water supply circulation path 14 through the hot water storage tank 3. It becomes a state.
In the state where the hot water supply circulation pump 15 is operated, the upstream side open / close valve V2 and the downstream side open / close valve V3 are closed, and the hot water tank bypass circuit open / close valve V4 and the circulation water supply line open / close valve V5 are opened. As shown in FIG. 4, hot water flows through the hot water supply circulation path 14 and the hot water tank bypass circuit 16, so that hot water is circulated through the hot water tank bypass circuit 16 in the hot water supply circulation path 14 and the hot water supply circulation path 14. Thus, a water supply circulation state is established in which tap water is supplied through the circulation water supply path 18.
That is, the hot water supply circulation means Cs is configured to be switchable between a normal circulation state and a water supply circulation state.
[0023]
As shown in FIG. 1, for each dwelling unit H, a dwelling water supply channel 19 for supplying hot water flowing through the hot water supply circulation path 14, a dwelling gas supply channel 20 for supplying city gas, and a dwelling unit for supplying tap water. The hot water supply channel 21 is provided, the hot water supply channel 19 for the dwelling unit is provided with a hot water flow meter M3 for measuring the flow rate of the hot water supplied by the circulating means Cs for hot water supply, and the gas flow rate for the dwelling unit is provided in the gas supply channel 20 for the dwelling unit. A meter M <b> 4 is provided, and a dwelling unit water flow meter M <b> 5 is provided in the dwelling water supply channel 21.
The hot water supply path 19 for dwelling units is connected to the water heater K, the water supply path 21 for the dwelling units is connected to the water heater K and a water consuming part such as a wash basin or a kitchen faucet, and the gas supply path 20 for the dwelling units is It is connected to a gas consuming unit such as a water heater K and a gas stove.
[0024]
Next, the control operation of the control unit 5 will be described.
First, power supply control for supplying power to the dwelling unit H and the shared power consumption device 67 from the generator 1 and the commercial power source 62 will be described.
[0025]
The control unit 5 operates the generator 1 in a predetermined time zone for one day (for example, 10 hours from 14:00 to 24:00 determined as a time zone with a large amount of power demand), and other time zones. Automatically operates the generator 1 every day so that the generator 1 is stopped.
[0026]
During operation of the generator 1, power is supplied from the generator 1 and the power storage unit 65 to the external power load, and when the output of the generator 1 is surplus with respect to the external power load, the surplus power is transferred to the power storage unit 65. When the output of the generator 1 and the power storage unit 65 is insufficient with respect to the external power load during the operation of the generator 1, the control unit 5 The interconnection device 63 is controlled so as to be supplemented by the power source 62.
Further, when the generator 1 is stopped, power is supplied from the power storage unit 65 to the external power load, and the control unit 5 is configured to store the power storage unit with respect to the external power load while the generator 1 is stopped. When the output of 65 is insufficient, the interconnection device 63 is controlled so that the shortage is compensated by the commercial power source 62.
[0027]
Further, the control unit 5 monitors the power storage capacity of the power storage unit 65 in a time zone in which the power supplied from the commercial power source 62 is midnight power, so that the power storage capacity of the power storage unit 65 becomes the set upper limit value. The power storage to the power storage unit 65 is controlled. Incidentally, the monitoring of the storage capacity of the storage unit 65 is performed by calculating the storage capacity of the storage unit 65 by the storage capacity calculation unit built in the control unit 5 based on the voltage of the storage unit 65 and the like.
That is, the power storage unit 65 stores the surplus power with respect to the external power load in the generator 1 and the midnight power of the commercial power source 62.
[0028]
Next, hot water supply control for supplying hot water in the hot water storage tank 3 to the plurality of dwelling units H will be described with reference to FIGS.
Detection information of each of the water level sensor 9, the low temperature tank temperature sensor 10L, and the high temperature tank temperature sensor 10H is input to the control unit 5 to generate the cooling water circulation pump 8, the exhaust heat recovery circulation pump 13, and the hot water supply circulation pump 15. It is configured to perform stop control, open / close control of each of the tank water supply opening / closing valve V1, the upstream opening / closing valve V2, the downstream opening / closing valve V3, the hot water tank bypass circuit opening / closing valve V4, and the circulation water supply opening / closing valve V5. .
The control unit 5 stores a preset upper limit temperature and a preset lower limit temperature in advance. By the way, as the set upper limit temperature, the hot water storage tank 2 can prevent the gas engine cooling water from being cooled by the hot water from the hot water storage tank 3 in the exhaust heat recovery heat exchanger 2 to prevent the gas engine from overheating. 3 is set as the upper limit value of the temperature of hot water stored in the low temperature tank 3L, and is set to 65 ° C., for example.
Moreover, since the quality of hot water is difficult to maintain when the temperature is lowered, the set lower limit temperature is that of hot water stored in the high temperature tank 3H of the hot water tank 3 so that the quality of the hot water supplied to each dwelling unit H can be maintained. This is set as the lower limit value of the temperature, for example, 50 ° C.
[0029]
Then, the control unit 5 determines that the low temperature bath temperature is lower than the set upper limit value and the high temperature bath temperature based on the low temperature bath temperature detected by the low temperature bath temperature sensor 10L and the high temperature bath temperature detected by the high temperature bath temperature sensor 10H. When the bath temperature is higher than the set lower limit value, normal operation control for operating the exhaust heat recovery circulation pump 13 to cause the exhaust heat recovery circulation means Ce to perform hot water circulation operation and to bring the hot water supply circulation means Cs into a normal circulation state. When the low temperature tank temperature is equal to or higher than the set upper limit value and the high temperature tank temperature is higher than the set lower limit value, the exhaust heat recovery circulation pump 13 is stopped and the hot water recovery operation of the exhaust heat recovery circulation means Ce is performed. Exhaust heat recovery stop operation control to stop and bring the hot water supply circulation means Cs into a normal circulation state is executed, and when the low temperature tank temperature is lower than the set upper limit value and the high temperature tank temperature is less than the set lower limit value, exhaust heat recovery is performed. Circulation means Ce And then water circulation actuating the hot water supply circulation means Cs to perform the water supply circulation operation control of the water supply circulation state.
During the execution of each of the normal operation control, the exhaust heat recovery stop operation control, and the feed water circulation operation control, the control unit 5 causes the water level of the high-temperature tank 3H to become the set water level based on the detected water level of the water level sensor 9. In addition, the tank water supply passage opening / closing valve V1 is controlled to open and close.
That is, the control means is configured using the control unit 5.
[0030]
In addition, the control unit 5 circulates the hot water in the exhaust heat recovery circulation means Ce during the time period when the operation of the generator 1 is stopped regardless of the detection information of the low temperature tank temperature sensor 10L and the high temperature tank temperature sensor 10H. The generator stop operation control is executed to stop the operation and bring the hot water supply circulation means Cs into the normal circulation state.
During the execution of the generator stop operation control, the controller 5 controls the opening / closing of the tank water supply channel opening / closing valve V1 based on the detected water level of the water level sensor 9 so that the water level of the high temperature tank 3H becomes the set water level. .
[0031]
In addition, when the control unit 5 is instructed to perform the inspection operation control from the operation unit 22, the hot water of the exhaust heat recovery circulation means Ce regardless of the detection information of the low temperature bath temperature sensor 10L and the high temperature bath temperature sensor 10H. The operation control for inspection is executed to stop the circulation operation and to bring the circulating means Cs for hot water supply into a supply water circulation state.
[0032]
Hereinafter, based on FIG. 2 thru | or FIG. 6, description is added about the control action of the control part 5 in each operation control. 2 to 6, the open / close state of the upstream side open / close valve V2, the downstream side open / close valve V3, the hot water tank bypass circuit open / close valve V4, and the circulation water supply line open / close valve V5 is set to a white open state. The valve closed state is shown as a filled state.
[0033]
As shown in FIG. 2, in the normal operation control, the cooling water circulation pump 8, the exhaust heat recovery circulation pump 13 and the hot water supply circulation pump 15 are operated, and the upstream opening / closing valve V2 and the downstream opening / closing valve V3 are opened. The hot water tank bypass circuit opening / closing valve V4 and the circulation water supply path opening / closing valve V5 are closed. That is, the waste heat recovery circulation means Ce is operated to circulate hot water, and the hot water supply circulation means Cs is switched to a normal circulation state in which hot water is circulated through the hot water storage tank 3 in the hot water supply circulation path 14.
Then, the engine cooling water circulates through the heat exchanger 2 for exhaust heat recovery, and the hot water in the hot water storage tank 3 is taken out from the low temperature tank 3L and the high temperature tank 3H through the exhaust heat recovery circulation path 11 at a set ratio. Circulates back through the heat exchanger 2 for exhaust heat recovery so as to return from the upper part of the low temperature tank 3L, and is taken out from the high temperature tank 3H through the hot water supply circulation path 14 and travels around the plurality of dwelling units H. Circulate back to the top.
That is, hot water taken out from the low temperature tank 3L and the high temperature tank 3H at a set ratio is heated by the heat exchange action with the engine cooling water in the exhaust heat recovery heat exchanger 2 and returned to the low temperature tank 3L. The hot water in the low temperature tank 3L is heated, and the hot water in the high temperature layer where the temperature of the upper layer of the low temperature tank 3L is stable overflows and is supplied to the high temperature tank 3H. The hot water stored and circulated through the plurality of dwelling units H is circulated over the plurality of dwelling units H, and the recirculating hot water is consumed in each dwelling unit H.
[0034]
As shown in FIG. 3, in the exhaust heat recovery stop operation control, the cooling water circulation pump 8 and the hot water supply circulation pump 15 are operated, the exhaust heat recovery circulation pump 13 is stopped, and the upstream side opening / closing valve V2 and the downstream side opening / closing are controlled. The valve V3 is opened, and the hot water tank bypass circuit opening / closing valve V4 and the circulation water supply path opening / closing valve V5 are closed. That is, the hot water circulation operation of the exhaust heat recovery circulation means Ce is stopped, and the hot water supply circulation means Cs is switched to the normal circulation state in which hot water is circulated through the hot water storage tank 3 in the hot water supply circulation path 14.
Then, the engine coolant circulates through the heat exchanger 2 for exhaust heat recovery, but since the circulation pump 13 for exhaust heat recovery is stopped, heat exchange for exhaust heat recovery through the exhaust heat recovery circulation path 11 is performed. The hot water circulation in the hot water storage tank 3 passing through the vessel 2 is stopped, and the hot water in the hot water storage tank 3 is taken out from the high temperature tank 3H through the hot water supply circulation path 14 and goes around the plurality of dwelling units H to the upper part of the low temperature tank 3L. Cycle to return.
Accordingly, the hot water having a stable temperature in the high temperature tank 3H circulates over the plurality of dwelling units H, and the hot water circulating in such a manner is consumed in each dwelling unit H. Moreover, since hot water in the hot water tank 3 does not flow through the heat exchanger 2 for exhaust heat recovery, it is possible to prevent problems such as overheating of the engine cooling water and overheating of the gas engine of the generator 1. Incidentally, in this case, the engine cooling water is cooled by a cooling device different from the exhaust heat recovery heat exchanger 2.
When the water level of the high temperature tank 3H detected by the water level sensor 9 becomes lower than the set water level as the amount of hot water in the high temperature tank 3H decreases, the tank water supply opening / closing valve V1 is opened, Since water is supplied to the low temperature tank 3L through the water supply channel 4, the temperature of the hot water in the low temperature tank 3L is lowered. And the control part 5 performs normal operation control based on the low temperature tank temperature detected by the low temperature tank temperature sensor 10L becoming lower than a setting upper limit.
[0035]
As shown in FIG. 4, in the feed water circulation operation control, the cooling water circulation pump 8, the exhaust heat recovery circulation pump 13 and the hot water supply circulation pump 15 are operated, and the upstream side open / close valve V2 and the downstream side open / close valve V3 are closed. Then, the hot water tank bypass circuit opening / closing valve V4 and the circulation water supply path opening / closing valve V5 are opened. That is, the waste heat recovery circulation means Ce is operated to circulate hot water, and the hot water circulation means Cs circulates hot water in the hot water circulation path 14 through the hot water tank bypass circuit 16 and supplies tap water to the hot water circulation path 14. Is switched to the feed water circulation state.
Then, the engine cooling water circulates through the exhaust heat recovery heat exchanger 2, and the hot water in the hot water storage tank 3 circulates only in the exhaust heat recovery circulation path 11 and the high-temperature tank hot water extraction path 12, thereby circulating the hot water supply. The water is not circulated through the route 14, but is circulated in the hot water supply circulation route 14 while the tap water from the water supply bypasses the hot water tank 3 and flows through the hot water tank bypass circuit 16.
That is, hot water taken out from the low temperature tank 3L and the high temperature tank 3H at a set ratio is heated by the heat exchange action with the engine cooling water in the exhaust heat recovery heat exchanger 2 and returned to the low temperature tank 3L. The hot water in the low-temperature tank 3L is heated, and the hot water in the high-temperature tank 3H whose upper layer temperature is stable overflows and is supplied to the high-temperature tank 3H, so that the hot water in the high-temperature tank 3H is heated to raise the temperature. . On the other hand, tap water circulates over a plurality of dwelling units H, and the circulating tap water is consumed in each dwelling unit H.
Therefore, when the temperature of the hot water in the high-temperature tank 3H is higher than 50 ° C and the water quality can be maintained, the hot water in the high-temperature tank 3H that is higher than 50 ° C and can maintain the water quality is supplied to each dwelling unit H. When the temperature of the hot water in the tank 3H becomes 50 ° C. or less and it becomes difficult to maintain the water quality, the water is switched to the water supply circulation state, and the tap water that can maintain the water quality is supplied to each dwelling unit H.
During the execution of the feed water circulation operation control, the temperature of the hot water in the high temperature tank 3H rises, and the high temperature tank temperature detected by the high temperature tank temperature sensor 10H becomes higher than the set lower limit value. Performs normal operation control.
[0036]
As shown in FIG. 5, in the generator stop operation control, the cooling water circulation pump 8 and the exhaust heat recovery circulation pump 13 are stopped, the hot water supply circulation pump 15 is operated, and the upstream opening / closing valve V2 and the downstream opening / closing operation are performed. The valve V3 is opened, and the hot water tank bypass circuit opening / closing valve V4 and the circulation water supply path opening / closing valve V5 are closed. That is, the hot water circulation operation of the exhaust heat recovery circulation means Ce is stopped, and the hot water supply circulation means Cs is switched to the normal circulation state in which hot water is circulated through the hot water storage tank 3 in the hot water supply circulation path 14.
Then, the circulation of the engine cooling water stops, the circulation of hot water in the hot water storage tank 3 through the exhaust heat recovery circulation path 11 stops, and the hot water in the hot water storage tank 3 circulates in the hot water supply circulation path 14.
And the hot water of the high temperature tank 3H circulates over several dwelling units H, and the hot water circulating in that way is consumed by each dwelling unit H.
Accordingly, hot water is continuously supplied to each dwelling unit H even when the generator 1 is stopped.
[0037]
As shown in FIG. 6, in the inspection operation control, the cooling water circulation pump 8 and the exhaust heat recovery circulation pump 13 are stopped, the hot water supply circulation pump 15 is operated, and the upstream opening / closing valve V2 and the downstream opening / closing valve V3. Is closed, and the hot water tank bypass circuit opening / closing valve V4 and the circulation water supply path opening / closing valve V5 are opened. That is, the hot water circulation operation of the exhaust heat recovery circulation means Ce is stopped, and the hot water circulation means Cs circulates hot water in the hot water circulation path 14 through the hot water tank bypass circuit 16 and taps the tap water into the hot water circulation path 14. Is switched to the supply water circulation state.
Then, the circulation of the engine cooling water is stopped, the circulation of the hot water in the hot water tank 3 is also stopped, and the tap water from the water supply is circulated in the hot water supply circulation path 14 while bypassing the hot water tank 3.
That is, the tap water circulates over the plurality of dwelling units H, and the tap water that circulates in this way is consumed in each dwelling unit H.
Therefore, hot water is continuously supplied to each dwelling unit H while checking the hot water tank 3.
[0038]
Next, the water heater K provided in each dwelling unit H will be described based on FIG.
The water heater K is a mixing unit Km that mixes hot water supplied from the dwelling water supply channel 19 and water supplied from the dwelling water supply channel 21, and heating in which hot water is supplied from the mixing unit Km as a heating target. The remote control operation part 31 provided with the part Kh and the hot water supply temperature setting part etc. which set the hot water supply target temperature is comprised.
[0039]
The heating unit Kh heats the hot water supplied from the mixing unit Km through the water supply channel 32, and passes through the hot water supply heat exchanger 34 that supplies the heated hot water to the hot water supply channel 33 and the recirculation circuit 35. The heating heat exchanger 36 for heating hot water in a bathtub (not shown), a gas burner 37 for heating the hot water supply heat exchanger 34 and the heating heat exchanger 36, and the operation of the heating unit Kh are controlled. A heating control unit 38 and the like are provided.
[0040]
The gas burner 37 is connected to a gas supply path 20 for dwelling units, and the gas supply path 20 for dwelling units is provided with a gas intermittent valve 39 for intermittently supplying gas and a gas proportional valve 40 for adjusting a gas supply amount. is there.
[0041]
The water supply path 32 is provided with a water supply temperature sensor 41 for detecting the temperature of the supplied hot water and a water supply amount sensor 42 for detecting the flow rate of the supplied hot water. The water supply path 32 and the hot water supply path 33 are connected to the water supply bypass path 43. Connected.
In the hot water supply passage 33, a mixing valve 45 that adjusts the mixing ratio of hot water from the hot water supply heat exchanger 34 and water from the water supply bypass passage 43, and a water proportional valve 50 that adjusts the amount of hot water in order from the upstream side. A hot water temperature sensor 44 for detecting the temperature of the hot water mixed by the mixing valve 45 is provided, and a hot water tap 49 is connected to the tip of the hot water supply passage 33.
A hot water supply passage 46 branched from the hot water supply passage 33 is connected to the forward path portion of the memorial circuit 35, and the hot water supply passage 46 is provided with a hot water opening / closing valve 47.
In addition, a bathtub circulation pump 48 that circulates bathtub water is provided in the return path portion of the memorial circuit 35.
[0042]
The mixing unit Km includes a mixing valve 51 that adjusts a mixing ratio of hot water supplied from the dwelling water supply channel 19 (that is, the hot water supply circulation means Cs) and water supplied from the dwelling water supply channel 21; A hot water supply passage opening / closing valve 52 for intermittently supplying hot water from the hot water supply passage 19 to the mixing valve 51, and a temperature of hot water supplied from the hot water supply passage 19 for dwelling units to the mixing valve 51 (hereinafter sometimes referred to as circulating hot water temperature). A circulating hot water temperature sensor 53 for detecting the water supply temperature sensor 53, a water supply temperature sensor 54 for detecting the temperature of water supplied from the dwelling water supply channel 21 to the mixing valve 51 (sometimes referred to as a mixing portion water supply temperature), and a mixing valve. A mixing temperature sensor 55 for detecting the temperature of hot water flowing out from the water 51 (hereinafter also referred to as mixed hot water temperature), a mixing control unit 56 for controlling the operation of the mixing unit Km, and the like. And Aru.
[0043]
Next, control operations of the heating control unit 38 and the mixing control unit 56 will be described.
The heating control unit 38 is configured to communicate various control information between the remote control operation unit 31 and the mixing control unit 56.
When the operation switch of the remote control operation unit 31 is turned on, the heating control unit 38 and the mixing control unit 56 can be controlled, and the hot water supply passage opening / closing valve 52 is opened.
When the hot-water tap 49 is opened and the detected hot water flow rate of the water supply amount sensor 42 is equal to or greater than the set amount, the heating control unit 38 sets the hot water supply target set by the remote control operation unit 31 to the mixing control unit 56. The mixing control unit 56 compares the circulating hot water temperature detected by the circulating hot water temperature sensor 53 with the hot water supply target temperature sent from the heating control unit 38, so that the circulating hot water temperature is the target hot water temperature. When this is the case, a message to that effect is sent to the heating control unit 38 when the circulating hot water temperature is lower than the target hot water supply temperature.
[0044]
Further, the mixing control unit 56 sets and stores a target mixing temperature in advance. Incidentally, as the mixing target temperature, two types of the low mixing target temperature and the high mixing target temperature are set, and the low mixing target temperature is normally set by the hot water supply target temperature set by the remote control operation unit 31 in advance. This corresponds to a hot water supply target temperature range (for example, 35 to 48 ° C.), for example, set to 30 ° C., and the high mixing target temperature is set in advance by the hot water supply target temperature set by the remote control operation unit 31. This corresponds to a certain hot water supply target temperature (for example, 60 ° C.), and is set to 45 ° C., for example.
[0045]
If the hot water supply target temperature is transmitted from the heating control unit 38 based on the fact that the hot water supply 49 is opened and the hot water flow rate detected by the water supply amount sensor 42 is equal to or greater than the set amount, the mixing control unit 56 The circulating hot water temperature detected by the sensor 53 is compared with the hot water supply target temperature, and when the circulating hot water temperature is equal to or higher than the hot water supply target temperature, the circulating hot water temperature sensor 53, the feed water temperature sensor 54, and the mixed temperature sensor 55 are detected. Based on the temperature, the mixing valve 51 is adjusted so that the mixed hot water temperature detected by the mixed temperature sensor 55 becomes the hot water supply target temperature, and the hot water from the hot water supply path 19 for dwelling units and the water supply path 21 for dwelling units are adjusted. Water is mixed and the fact that the circulating hot water temperature is equal to or higher than the hot water supply target temperature is transmitted to the heating control unit 38.
The heating control unit 38 sets the gas burner 37 in a combustion stopped state when the mixing control unit 56 transmits that the circulating hot water temperature is equal to or higher than the hot water supply target temperature.
Accordingly, the hot water supplied from the mixing unit Km to the heating unit Kh is discharged from the hot water tap 49 without being heated by the heating unit Kh, and the hot water at the hot water supply target temperature or the target hot water target temperature is supplied from the hot water supply tap 49. Take a bath.
[0046]
On the other hand, when the circulating hot water temperature is lower than the target hot water temperature, the mixed hot water temperature detected by the mixed temperature sensor 55 based on the detected temperatures of the circulating hot water temperature sensor 53, the feed water temperature sensor 54, and the mixed temperature sensor 55. However, the mixing valve 51 is adjusted so that when the hot water supply target temperature is within the normal hot water supply target temperature range, it becomes the low mixing target temperature, or when the hot water supply target temperature is the high temperature hot water supply target temperature, it becomes the high mixing target temperature. Then, the hot water from the dwelling unit hot water supply channel 19 and the water from the dwelling unit water supply channel 21 are mixed, and the fact that the circulating hot water temperature is lower than the hot water supply target temperature is transmitted to the heating control unit 38.
When the mixing control unit 56 transmits that the circulating hot water temperature is lower than the hot water supply target temperature, the heating control unit 38 burns the gas burner 37, the hot water supply target temperature, the detected temperature of the water supply temperature sensor 41, and the water supply amount sensor. Based on the detected water supply amount 42, feed forward control is performed to adjust the opening of the gas proportional valve 40 and the opening of the mixing valve 45 so that the temperature of the hot water flowing out of the hot water supply heat exchanger 34 becomes the hot water supply target temperature. And feedback control for finely adjusting the opening of the gas proportional valve 40 based on the deviation between the temperature detected by the hot water supply temperature sensor 44 and the target hot water temperature.
Accordingly, hot water at the hot water supply target temperature is discharged from the hot water tap 49.
[0047]
That is, if the heating controller 38 and the mixing controller 56 constitute the water heater controller, the water heater K mixes the hot water from the hot water circulating means Cs and the water from the water source, and the mixing ratio thereof is as follows. Adjustable mixing section Km, hot water supplied from mixing section Km, heating section Kh whose heating amount can be adjusted, and circulating hot water for detecting the temperature of hot water supplied from circulating means Cs for hot water supply A temperature sensor 53, a feed water temperature sensor 54 for detecting the temperature of water from the feed water source, and the temperature of hot water from the circulating hot water supply means Cs based on the detected temperatures of the circulating hot water temperature sensor 53 and the feed water temperature sensor 54, respectively. A hot water supply controller that adjusts the mixing ratio in the mixing unit Km and stops the heating operation of the heating unit Kh so that the temperature of the hot water after mixing is equal to the target hot water temperature. It is prepared for.
In addition, when the temperature of the hot water from the hot water supply circulation means Cs is lower than the target hot water temperature, the hot water supply controller controls the temperature of the hot water after mixing to the target hot water temperature by the heating operation of the heating unit Kh. The mixing ratio in the mixing unit Km is adjusted so as to be a preset mixing target temperature as the temperature of the hot water to be heated so that the adjustment can be stably performed, and the heating amount of the heating unit Kh is set so as to become the hot water supply target temperature. Configured to adjust.
[0048]
Accordingly, when the temperature of the hot water from the hot water supply circulation means Cs is equal to or higher than the hot water supply target temperature, the mixing water Km and the hot water from the hot water supply circulation means Cs and the water from the water supply source are reduced to the target hot water supply temperature. Since the hot water is mixed and discharged without being heated by the heating unit Kh, hot water having a hot water supply target temperature or a hot water supply target temperature is obtained.
[0049]
Further, when the temperature of the hot water from the hot water supply circulation means Cs is lower than the hot water supply target temperature, the hot water supply circulation means Cs is set so that the mixed target temperature can be stably adjusted to the hot water supply target temperature. Since the hot water and the water from the water supply source are mixed and then heated to the hot water supply target temperature by the heating unit Kh, the difference between the hot water temperature from the hot water circulation means Cs and the hot water supply target temperature is Even when the temperature is small, hot water at the hot water supply target temperature or approximately the hot water supply target temperature is obtained.
That is, in order to ensure the combustion stability of the gas burner 37, the combustion amount of the gas burner 37 is set so as not to be reduced to be smaller than a predetermined minimum combustion amount. Therefore, when the hot water mixing control as described above, that is, the control to mix the hot water from the hot water circulation means Cs and the water from the water supply source so as to reach the mixing target temperature, is not performed from the hot water circulation means Cs. When the difference between the hot water temperature and the hot water supply target temperature is small and the combustion amount obtained based on the difference is smaller than the minimum combustion amount, for example, the gas burner 37 is burned at the minimum combustion amount. There arises a problem that it is difficult to adjust the temperature of the hot water to the hot water supply target temperature. Therefore, the above-described problems can be solved by performing the hot and cold water mixing control as described above.
[0050]
In short, the temperature of the hot water supplied by the hot water supply circulation means Cs varies depending on the amount of hot water used in the supply target dwelling units, but the temperature of the hot water supplied by the hot water supply circulation means Cs is equal to or higher than the target hot water temperature. In each case where the temperature is lower than the hot water supply target temperature, each dwelling unit H can obtain hot water at a hot water supply target temperature or a hot water supply target temperature.
[0051]
In the cogeneration system configured as described above, the meter readings of the hot water flow meter M3 and the dwelling unit power meter M7 in each dwelling unit H are metered by a management association that manages a plurality of dwelling units H included in the area or apartment house, Each dwelling unit H will be charged.
[0052]
[Another embodiment]
Next, another embodiment will be described.
(B) In the above embodiment, the exhaust heat recovery circulation means Ce is illustrated as being configured to take hot water from the low temperature tank 3L and the high temperature tank 3H at a set ratio, but hot water is supplied only from the low temperature tank 3L. You may comprise so that it may take out.
[0053]
(B) In the above embodiment, the hot water heater K is illustrated as being configured to include both the mixing unit Km and the heating unit Kh, but the mixing unit Km may be omitted.
[0054]
(C) The specific configuration of the tank water supply means Wb is not limited to the configuration exemplified in the above embodiment. For example, the tank water supply path 4 is connected to the upstream side portion of the exhaust heat recovery heat exchanger 2 in the exhaust heat recovery circulation path 11 and supplied to the low temperature tank 3L through the exhaust heat recovery circulation path 11. You may comprise so that it may do. In this case, the tank water supply path 4 may be directly connected to the exhaust heat recovery circulation path 11 so that the tank water supply path 4 is always in communication with the exhaust heat recovery circulation path 11. A state in which the water supply path 4 is connected to the exhaust heat recovery circulation path 11 via a three-way valve, and the tank water supply path 4 is communicated with the exhaust heat recovery circulation path 11 by the three-way valve; The water supply to the low temperature tank 3L may be intermittently switched.
[0055]
(D) The relationship between the temperature of the hot water between the low temperature tank 3L and the high temperature tank 3H changes with fluctuations in the amount of hot water used in the supply target dwelling group, fluctuations in the amount of exhaust heat supplied from the generator 1, etc. Yes, the temperature of the hot water in the low temperature tank 3L is often lower than the temperature of the hot water in the high temperature tank 3H, but the temperature of the hot water in the low temperature tank 3L may be higher than the temperature of the hot water in the high temperature tank 3H.
[0056]
(E) When the generator 1 is configured as an engine-driven rotary type driven by an engine such as a gas engine as in the above embodiment, the generator 1 supplied to the heat exchanger 2 for exhaust heat recovery As the exhaust heat, in addition to the engine cooling water exemplified in the above embodiment, exhaust gas of the engine may be supplied, or both engine cooling water and exhaust gas may be supplied. When the generator 1 is configured as an engine-driven rotary type, as the engine, various fuels such as LP gas, oil, gasoline, etc. are used in addition to the city gas exemplified in the above embodiment. Things can be used.
Further, the generator 1 may be constituted by a gas turbine driven rotary type driven by a gas turbine in addition to the engine driven rotary type exemplified in the above embodiment. When the generator 1 is configured as a gas turbine driven rotary type, the exhaust heat recovery heat exchanger 2 is configured to supply the exhaust gas of the gas turbine as the exhaust heat of the generator 1.
Further, the generator 1 is not limited to the rotary type as described above, and can be constituted by various fuel cells, for example. When the generator 1 is configured by a fuel cell, the exhaust heat recovery heat exchanger 2 is configured to supply the cooling water of the fuel cell as the exhaust heat of the generator 1.
[0057]
(F) In the above embodiment, the case where one generator 1 is provided for one hot water tank 3 is illustrated, but a plurality of generators 1 may be provided for one hot water tank 3. good. In this case, for example, each of the plurality of generators 1 is provided with one heat exchanger 2 for exhaust heat recovery, and the plurality of heat exchangers 2 for exhaust heat recovery are connected in parallel to the hot water tank 3. A configuration can be employed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of a cogeneration system
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a hot water flow state in normal operation control in a cogeneration system.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a hot water flow state in exhaust heat recovery stop operation control in a cogeneration system.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a hot water flow state in feed water circulation operation control in a cogeneration system.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a hot water flow state in operation control when the generator is stopped in the cogeneration system.
FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a hot water flow state in inspection operation control in a cogeneration system.
FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a water heater of a cogeneration system
FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a conventional cogeneration system.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 generator
2 Heat exchanger for exhaust heat recovery
3 Hot water tank
3H high temperature bath
3L low temperature tank
5 Control means
9 Water level detection means
10H High temperature bath temperature detection means
10L Low temperature bath temperature detection means
11 Waste heat recovery circulation path
14 Circulation route for hot water supply
16 Hot water tank detour
Ce Waste heat recovery circulation means
Circulation means for Cs hot water supply
H dwelling unit
K water heater
Wb water supply means

Claims (6)

地域又は集合住宅を電力供給対象として、発電機が設けられ、
その発電機からの排熱が供給される排熱回収用熱交換器と、貯湯槽と、その貯湯槽に給水する給水手段と、前記排熱回収用熱交換器と前記貯湯槽とにわたって湯水を循環させる排熱回収用循環手段と、前記貯湯槽と前記地域又は集合住宅に含まれる複数の住戸とにわたって湯水を循環させる給湯用循環手段が設けられたコージェネレーションシステムであって、
前記貯湯槽が、前記給水手段にて給水される低温槽と、その低温槽からオーバーフロー状態にて湯水が供給される高温槽とを備えた開放式に構成され、
前記排熱回収用循環手段が、前記低温槽から湯水を取り出して再び前記低温槽に戻す排熱回収用循環経路にて湯水を循環させるように構成され、
前記給湯用循環手段が、前記高温槽から湯水を取り出して前記低温槽に戻す給湯用循環経路にて湯水を循環させるように構成されているコージェネレーションシステム。A generator is provided for the area or housing complex for power supply,
Exhaust heat recovery heat exchanger to which the exhaust heat from the generator is supplied, a hot water storage tank, water supply means for supplying water to the hot water storage tank, hot water recovery over the exhaust heat recovery heat exchanger and the hot water storage tank A cogeneration system provided with circulating means for exhaust heat recovery to be circulated, and circulating means for hot water supply for circulating hot water over the hot water storage tank and a plurality of dwelling units included in the area or apartment house,
The hot water storage tank is configured as an open type provided with a low temperature tank supplied with the water supply means, and a high temperature tank supplied with hot water in an overflow state from the low temperature tank,
The exhaust heat recovery circulation means is configured to circulate hot water in a waste heat recovery circulation path that takes hot water from the low temperature bath and returns it to the low temperature bath again,
A cogeneration system in which the hot water circulation means is configured to circulate hot water in a hot water circulation path that takes hot water from the high temperature bath and returns it to the low temperature bath. 前記排熱回収用循環手段が、前記低温槽と前記高温槽から設定比率で湯水を取り出すように構成されている請求項１記載のコージェネレーションシステム。The cogeneration system according to claim 1, wherein the exhaust heat recovery circulation means is configured to take hot water from the low temperature tank and the high temperature tank at a set ratio. 前記高温槽の水位を検出する水位検出手段と、その水位検出手段の検出水位に基づいて、前記高温槽の水位が設定水位になるように前記給水手段の給水作動を制御する制御手段とが設けられている請求項１又は２記載のコージェネレーションシステム。Water level detection means for detecting the water level of the high temperature tank, and control means for controlling the water supply operation of the water supply means based on the detected water level of the water level detection means so that the water level of the high temperature tank becomes a set water level. The cogeneration system according to claim 1 or 2. 前記低温槽の湯水の温度を検出する低温槽温度検出手段と、その低温槽温度検出手段の検出温度に基づいて、前記低温槽の湯水の温度が設定上限温度以上になると前記排熱回収用循環手段の湯水循環作動を停止させ且つ前記低温槽の湯水の温度が前記設定上限温度よりも低くなると前記排熱回収用循環手段を湯水循環作動させる制御手段とが設けられている請求項１〜３のいずれか１項に記載のコージェネレーションシステム。Based on the temperature detected by the low temperature bath temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of the hot water in the low temperature bath and the temperature detected by the low temperature bath temperature detecting means, when the temperature of the hot water in the low temperature bath exceeds the set upper limit temperature, the exhaust heat recovery circulation 4. A control means is provided for stopping the hot water circulation operation of the means and for causing the exhaust heat recovery circulation means to perform hot water circulation operation when the temperature of the hot water in the low temperature bath becomes lower than the set upper limit temperature. The cogeneration system according to any one of the above. 前記給湯用循環手段に、前記貯湯槽を迂回させて前記給湯用循環経路にて湯水を循環させるための貯湯槽迂回路が設けられ、
前記給湯用循環手段は、前記貯湯槽を通して前記給湯用循環経路にて湯水を循環させる通常循環状態と、前記貯湯槽迂回路を通して前記給湯用循環経路にて湯水を循環させ且つ前記給湯用循環経路に給水源から水が供給される給水循環状態とに切り換え自在なように構成され、
前記高温槽の湯水の温度を検出する高温槽温度検出手段と、その高温槽温度検出手段の検出情報に基づいて、前記高温槽の湯水の温度が設定下限温度よりも高いときは前記給湯用循環手段を前記通常循環状態に切り換え且つ前記高温槽の湯水の温度が前記設定下限温度以下のときは前記給湯用循環手段を前記給水循環状態に切り換える制御手段とが設けられている請求項１〜４のいずれか１項に記載のコージェネレーションシステム。The hot water supply circulation means is provided with a hot water tank bypass circuit for bypassing the hot water storage tank and circulating hot water in the hot water supply circulation path,
The hot water circulation means includes a normal circulation state in which hot water is circulated in the hot water circulation path through the hot water storage tank, and hot water is circulated in the hot water circulation path through the hot water tank bypass and the hot water circulation path. It is configured to be switchable to a water supply circulation state in which water is supplied from a water supply source to
Based on the detection information of the high temperature bath temperature detection means for detecting the temperature of the hot water in the high temperature bath, and when the temperature of the hot water in the high temperature bath is higher than a set lower limit temperature, the circulation for hot water supply Control means is provided for switching the means to the normal circulation state and switching the hot water supply circulation means to the water supply circulation state when the temperature of the hot water in the high-temperature tank is equal to or lower than the set lower limit temperature. The cogeneration system according to any one of the above. 前記複数の住戸夫々に、前記給湯用循環手段を通じて供給される湯水を加熱して湯水需要部に供給する給湯器が設けられている請求項１〜５のいずれか１項に記載のコージェネレーションシステム。The cogeneration system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein each of the plurality of dwelling units is provided with a water heater that heats hot water supplied through the hot water supply circulation means and supplies the hot water to a hot water demand section. .
JP2001223976A 2001-07-25 2001-07-25 Cogeneration system Expired - Fee Related JP4416358B2 (en)

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