JP4416196B2 - Scarlet pigment with improved light resistance, sockeye salmon and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Scarlet pigment with improved light resistance, sockeye salmon and method for producing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4416196B2
JP4416196B2 JP33188598A JP33188598A JP4416196B2 JP 4416196 B2 JP4416196 B2 JP 4416196B2 JP 33188598 A JP33188598 A JP 33188598A JP 33188598 A JP33188598 A JP 33188598A JP 4416196 B2 JP4416196 B2 JP 4416196B2
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Prior art keywords
red
histidine
light resistance
monascus
yeast rice
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JP2000119549A (en
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稔 西村
幸一 浅野
伸和 田邊
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Gunze Ltd
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Gunze Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、耐光性を改善した紅麹色素、紅麹および耐光性改善方法に関する。また、本発明は、該紅麹色素組成物および紅麹を使用した食品や化粧料にも関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来より、食品や化粧料等の天然着色料として、紅麹色素が注目され、広範に使用されるようになっている。紅麹色素は、紅麹菌の産生する赤色色素である紅麹色素の耐光性が弱いために、太陽光などの自然光、蛍光灯などの人工光を問わず、光に曝されるとその赤味が退色し、橙黄色に変化するため、品質の管理上問題がある。
【0003】
一方、紅麹は、穀類にモナスカス属の菌株を繁殖させた麹で、中国、台湾などでは紅酒、老酒、紅乳腐などの醸造原料として利用されている。また、最近は紅麹の血圧降下作用やコレステロール低下作用を利用したさまざまな健康食品が製造販売されている。しかし、紅麹の紅色も、紅麹色素の耐光性が弱いために退色してしまい、紅麹色素同様に品質の管理上の問題がある。
【0004】
かかる問題を解消するため、従来から種々な方法の検討がなされている。
例えば、特公昭53−37089号公報は、耐光性を向上させた紅麹色素の製造方法に関し、紅麹色素に、糖とアミノ酸との褐変反応によって得られる反応生成物を添加すると、光による劣化を防止することができることを示している。
また、特開平10−110109号公報で、本出願人は紅麹色素の耐光性改善方法に関して、紅麹色素にセサモリン誘導体であるセサモリン、セサミノールを添加、さらにはクェルセチンを共存させることにより、光による赤味の退色を防止した紅麹色素が得られることを開示した。しかしながら、かかる方法によると耐光性は有するが、セサモリン誘導体が脂溶性の物質であるため、食品や化粧料の利用に制限を受ける課題も有した。
更に、紅麹に関しては、それ自体の耐光性を改善したものは従来見当たらない。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
このような事情に鑑み、本発明は、光による退色を防止した紅麹色素並びに紅麹、およびその製造法を提供することを目的としたものである。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
即ち、本発明は天然物からスクリーニングに付した種々の物質のうち、ヒスチジン含有ペプチドが紅麹色素の耐光性を改善することを見いだし、また、そのヒスチジン含有ペプチドを添加して製造した紅麹も耐光性が改善されていることを見いだして本発明を完成するに至ったものである。
すなわち、本発明は、紅麹色素と、ヒスチジン含有ペプチドを含有してなることを特徴とする紅麹色素組成物およびその製造法、並びにヒスチジン含有ペプチドを添加して製造した紅麹およびその製造法を提供するものである。
また、該紅麹色素組成物および紅麹を配合してなる食品や化粧料も本発明に属するものである。
さらに、紅麹色素をヒスチジン含有ペプチドと共存させることを特徴とする紅麹色素の耐光性改善方法をも提供するものである。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明において用いる紅麹色素は特に限定するものではなく、公知の紅麹色素のいずれもが使用できる。例えば、紅麹菌の固体培養により得られる粉末紅麹色素、液体培養による液体色素、色素エタノール抽出液等が使用できる。また、製造方法も特に限定するものではなく、公知の紅麹色素製造方法のいずれもが利用できる。
【0008】
紅麹の製造方法としては通常の製麹法に従って行うことができ、固体培養法、液体培養法のいずれもが採用でき、一般には、20〜40℃で、2〜14日間紅麹菌を好気的に培養する。紅麹の原料としては、麹の製造に用いることができるいずれの原料でもよいが、色が鮮やかとなるためには、米や小麦などが望ましい。
紅麹菌としては、モナスカス(Monascus)属に属するものであればいずれの菌であってもよく、例えば、モナスカス・プルプレウス(Monascus purpureus)、モナスカス・アンカ(Monascus anka)、モナスカス・ピローサス(Monascus pilosus)や、これらの変種、変異株などが挙げられる。
【0009】
ヒスチジン含有ペプチドとしては、カルノシンおよびアンセリンが挙げられる。入手しやすさから、カルノシンが好ましい。これらは鰹節や煮干などの水産物の煮汁や、肉および肉エキスなどにも存在しており、本発明においては、色素組成物の用途および製造法によっては、ヒスチジン含有ペプチドとして、鰹節や煮干の煮汁、肉および肉エキスまたはそれらの加工品、或いは抽出物等を使用することも可能である。特にかかる物質は、前記したように食品原料であるので、経口的に使用しても支障がなく、食品や化粧料等に用いて好適である。
ヒスチジン含有ペプチドの使用量も特に限定するものではないが、通常、紅麹色素に対しては、ヒスチジン含有ペプチドを0.05重量%以上、好ましくは、0.5〜5重量%添加すると、所望の耐光性が得られる。紅麹製造に対しては、ヒスチジン含有ペプチドを0.05重量%以上、好ましくは、0.5〜5重量%程度を培地に添加して製造すると、所望の耐光性が得られる。
【0010】
本発明の色素組成物は、これらの成分を、自体公知の方法で配合してなる固体ないしは液体の形態の組成物であり、所望により、さらに、乳糖、D−マンニトール、D−ソルビトール等の糖類、トウモロコシ澱粉、馬鈴薯澱粉等の澱粉類、リン酸カルシウム、硫酸カルシウム等の無機塩類のような賦形剤、希釈剤や他の添加剤を加えてもよい。
【0011】
また、本発明の色素組成物は、公知の紅麹色素と同様にして、食品や化粧料の着色料として使用できる。例えば、ワイン、リキュール、ウォッカ等の酒類、ゼリー、キャンディー、すなっく、和菓子等の菓子類、ジュース、各種炭酸飲料等の清涼飲料、シャーベット、アイスクリーム等の冷菓、福神漬等の漬物類、かまぼこ等の練製品のような食品や、口紅、頬紅等の化粧料の着色に使用できる。
【0012】
一方、本発明の紅麹は、麹の利用法として公知の全ての用途に利用でき、醸造食品の原料としてだけでなく、常法により、菌および酵素の失活物、乾燥物、乾燥粉砕物、抽出エキス、抽出エキス濃縮物、抽出エキス粉末などのごとき加工物として用いてもよい。例えば、得られた麹または菌および酵素の失活物を公知の乾燥方法により乾燥し、所望により粉砕して麹乾燥物や粉末状のものとすることができる。また、得られた麹あるいはその乾燥物または粉末を、常法により、例えば含水アルコール、アセトンなどの溶媒で抽出し、所望により、濃縮乾燥して濃縮エキスまたは粉末状のエキスとすることもできる。
かくして、本発明は上記した割合で、紅麹色素をヒスチジン含有ペプチドと適宜の方法で混合し、共存させることにより、また、ヒスチジン含有ペプチドを上記した割合で培地に添加して紅麹菌を繁殖させることにより、耐光性を改善した紅麹色素、或いは紅麹を提供できるものである。
以下に実施例を挙げて本発明をさらに詳しく説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。
【0013】
【実施例1】
<紅麹エキスの調製>
蒸煮滅菌した白米に紅麹菌(菌株名:モナスカス・ピローサスIFO 4520)を接種し、常法により培養前半の3日間は30℃、後半の5日間は25℃で、計8日間固体培養した。この培養物を送風乾燥機にて、60℃で、水分含量12重量%以下に乾燥し、粉砕機により粒子径297μm以下に粉砕して紅麹粉末を得た。
この紅麹粉末100gに、エタノールおよび水の混合溶媒(エタノール:水=75:25V/V)300mlを加え、室温にて30分間撹拌後、濾過により残渣を除去し、紅麹エキス原液とした。この原液を、同様なエタノール−水混合溶媒で希釈して、色彩色差計(ミノルタ社製CT−210)で測定したL値が約50になるように調製し、紅麹エキスとした。
<色素組成物の調製>
上記で得られた紅麹エキスに、L−カルノシン試薬(和光純薬株式会社製)の濃度が紅麹エキスに対して、各々、0.5重量%、1重量%、2.5重量%および5重量%になるようにカルノシン水溶液を等量添加して、紅麹色素組成物を得た。
各色素組成物を、25℃で10,000ルックスの蛍光灯下に静置し、色彩色差計で、L値、a値およびb値の経時変化を測定し、退色度を表す色差E値に変換する退色試験に付した。対照として、カルノシン無添加の紅麹エキスについて、同様に退色試験を行った。
結果を図1に示す。図1において、縦軸は、色差E値を、横軸は経時日数を示す。色差E値は色の変化を示し、値の小さい方が色の変化が少ないことを意味する。
図1から明らかなごとく、カルノシン無添加の対照に対し、カルノシンを添加すると退色が抑制され、耐光性が改善されたことがわかる。
【0014】
【実施例2】
実施例1と同様に紅麹エキスを調製した。ただし、エタノール−水混合溶媒をエタノールのみの溶媒に変更して紅麹エキス原液を作製し、L値は約40になるようにエタノールで希釈して紅麹エキスを得た。この紅麹エキスに、L−アンセリン試薬(シグマ・アルドリッチジャパン株式会社製)の濃度が紅麹エキスに対して、各々、0.05重量%、0.5重量%、および5重量%になるようにアンセリン水溶液を等量添加して、紅麹色素組成物を得た。
実施例1と同様に退色試験に付し、測色を行った。対照として、アンセリン無添加の紅麹エキスについて、同様に退色試験を行った。
退色試験3日後の結果を表1に示す。
表1から明らかなごとく、アンセリン無添加の対照に対し、アンセリンを0.5〜5%添加すると、退色が抑制され、耐光性が改善されたことがわかる。
【0015】
【表1】

Figure 0004416196
【0016】
【実施例3】
蒸煮滅菌した白米に紅麹菌(菌株名:モナスカス・ピローサスIFO 4520)を接種し、実施例1で用いたカルノシン、実施例2で用いたアンセリン水溶液を各々5重量%になるように添加して、常法により培養前半の3日間は30℃、後半の5日間は25℃で、計8日間固体培養した。この培養物を送風乾燥機にて、60℃で、水分含量12重量%以下に乾燥し、粉砕機により粒子径297μm以下に粉砕して、カルノシンもしくはアンセリンを添加して製造した紅麹の粉末を得た。この紅麹粉末を、蒸煮滅菌した白米の粉末と混合して、色彩色差計(ミノルタ社製CR−200)で測定したL値が約60となるように調製した。
実施例1と同様に、紅麹粉末を退色試験に付した。対照として、カルノシンおよびアンセリン無添加で製造した紅麹粉末について、同様に退色試験を行った。
退色試験6日後の結果を表2に示す。
【0017】
【表2】
Figure 0004416196
【0018】
表2から明らかなごとく、カルノシンおよびアンセリン無添加で製造した対照に対し、カルノシンもしくはアンセリンを添加して製造した紅麹粉末は、退色が抑制され、耐光性が改善されたことがわかる。
【0019】
【発明の効果】
以上記載したごとく、本発明によれば、ヒスチジン含有ペプチドを用いることにより、紅麹色素の光による退色を抑制し、耐光性を改善した紅麹色素組成物および紅麹を得ることができる。
なお、ヒスチジン含有ペプチドであるカルシノン、或いはアンセリンは、それ単独で用いても、混合して用いてもよい。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 実施例1における退色試験の結果を示すグラフである。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a red potato pigment with improved light resistance, red potato, and a method for improving light resistance. The present invention also relates to foods and cosmetics using the sockeye pigment composition and sockeye salmon.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as a natural coloring agent for foods and cosmetics, red potato pigment has attracted attention and has been widely used. Scarlet pigments are red when they are exposed to light, whether they are natural light such as sunlight or artificial light such as fluorescent lamps. Fading and changing to orange-yellow, there is a problem in quality control.
[0003]
On the other hand, red koji is a koji made by breeding Monascus strains on cereals, and is used as a raw material for brewing red wine, old sake, and red milk tofu in China and Taiwan. Recently, various health foods utilizing the red blood pressure lowering action and cholesterol lowering action of red yeast rice are manufactured and sold. However, the red color of red yeast rice is faded because the light resistance of red yeast rice pigment is weak, and there is a problem in quality control like the red yeast rice pigment.
[0004]
In order to solve this problem, various methods have been conventionally studied.
For example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 53-37089 relates to a method for producing red yeast rice pigment with improved light resistance. When a reaction product obtained by a browning reaction between a sugar and an amino acid is added to the red yeast rice pigment, deterioration due to light. It can be prevented.
Further, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-110109, the present applicant relates to a method for improving the light resistance of red yeast rice pigments by adding sesamorin derivatives sesamolin and sesaminol to the red yeast rice pigments, and further coexisting quercetin. It has been disclosed that a red potato pigment that prevents reddish fading due to the above can be obtained. However, according to such a method, although it has light resistance, since the sesamorin derivative is a fat-soluble substance, there is a problem that it is restricted by the use of food and cosmetics.
Furthermore, with respect to red yeast rice, there is no conventional one that has improved its light resistance.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In view of such circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a red potato pigment and red potato that prevent fading due to light, and a method for producing the same.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
That is, the present invention has found that among various substances subjected to screening from natural products, a histidine-containing peptide improves the light resistance of red yeast rice pigment, and a red yeast rice prepared by adding the histidine-containing peptide is also present. The inventors have found that the light resistance has been improved and have completed the present invention.
That is, the present invention relates to a red potato pigment composition characterized by containing a red potato pigment and a histidine-containing peptide, a method for producing the same, and a red potato produced by adding a histidine-containing peptide and a method for producing the same Is to provide.
In addition, foods and cosmetics containing the red potato pigment composition and red potato belong to the present invention.
Furthermore, the present invention also provides a method for improving the light resistance of red potato pigments, characterized in that the red potato pigment coexists with a histidine-containing peptide.
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The red potato pigment used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and any known red potato pigment can be used. For example, powdered red yeast pigment obtained by solid culture of red yeast, liquid pigment obtained by liquid culture, dye ethanol extract, and the like can be used. Also, the production method is not particularly limited, and any of the known methods for producing red yeast rice pigment can be used.
[0008]
As a method for producing red yeast rice, it can be carried out in accordance with an ordinary iron making method, and any of a solid culture method and a liquid culture method can be adopted. Generally, red yeast is aerobic at 20 to 40 ° C. for 2 to 14 days. Culture. As a raw material of the red yeast rice, any raw material which can be used for the production of the rice cake may be used, but rice or wheat is desirable in order to make the color vivid.
As the red koji mold, any bacteria belonging to the genus Monascus may be used. For example, Monascus purpurus, Monascus anka, Monascus pilosus And variants and mutants thereof.
[0009]
Histidine-containing peptides include carnosine and anserine. Carnosine is preferred because of its availability. These are also present in marine products such as bonito and dried sardines, meat and meat extracts, etc. In the present invention, depending on the use and production method of the pigment composition, the histidine-containing peptide may be used as simmered bonito or boiled simmered juice. It is also possible to use meat and meat extracts or processed products thereof or extracts. In particular, since such a substance is a raw material for food as described above, there is no problem even if it is used orally, and it is suitable for use in foods and cosmetics.
The amount of histidine-containing peptide to be used is not particularly limited, but usually 0.05% by weight or more, preferably 0.5 to 5% by weight of histidine-containing peptide is added to the red yeast rice pigment. Can be obtained. For the production of red yeast rice, the desired light resistance can be obtained by adding 0.05% by weight or more, preferably about 0.5 to 5% by weight of a histidine-containing peptide to the medium.
[0010]
The dye composition of the present invention is a composition in the form of a solid or liquid obtained by blending these components by a method known per se, and if desired, further sugars such as lactose, D-mannitol, D-sorbitol and the like. Further, excipients such as corn starch and starch such as potato starch, inorganic salts such as calcium phosphate and calcium sulfate, diluents and other additives may be added.
[0011]
Moreover, the pigment | dye composition of this invention can be used as a coloring agent of foodstuffs or cosmetics similarly to a well-known red potato pigment | dye. For example, wine, liqueurs, vodka and other alcoholic beverages, jelly, candy, snacks, Japanese confectionery and other sweets, juices, soft drinks such as various carbonated beverages, sorbets, ice cream and other frozen confectionery, Fukujin pickles and other pickles, kamaboko It can be used for coloring food products such as paste products and cosmetics such as lipsticks and blushers.
[0012]
On the other hand, the red yeast rice cake of the present invention can be used for all known uses as a method of using rice cake, and is not only used as a raw material for brewed foods, but also inactivated bacteria and enzymes, dried products, and dried pulverized products. It may be used as a processed product such as extract extract, extract extract concentrate, extract extract powder and the like. For example, the obtained koji or fungus and enzyme inactivated product can be dried by a known drying method, and pulverized as desired to obtain a dried koji product or powder. Further, the obtained koji or dried product or powder thereof can be extracted by a conventional method, for example, with a solvent such as hydrous alcohol or acetone, and if desired, concentrated and dried to obtain a concentrated extract or a powdery extract.
Thus, in the present invention, the red yeast rice pigment is mixed with the histidine-containing peptide in an appropriate manner at the above-mentioned ratio and coexisted, and the histidine-containing peptide is added to the medium at the above-mentioned ratio to propagate the red yeast. By this, the red potato pigment | dye or the red potato which improved light resistance can be provided.
The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
[0013]
[Example 1]
<Preparation of red yeast rice extract>
Steamed and sterilized white rice was inoculated with red koji mold (strain name: Monascus pilosus IFO 4520) and solid-cultured at a temperature of 30 ° C. for the first three days and 25 ° C. for the last five days for a total of 8 days. The culture was dried at 60 ° C. to a moisture content of 12% by weight or less using a blow dryer, and pulverized to a particle size of 297 μm or less using a pulverizer to obtain a red yeast rice powder.
To 100 g of this red yeast rice powder, 300 ml of a mixed solvent of ethanol and water (ethanol: water = 75: 25 V / V) was added and stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, and then the residue was removed by filtration to obtain a red yeast rice extract stock solution. This stock solution was diluted with a similar ethanol-water mixed solvent and prepared so that the L value measured by a color difference meter (CT-210 manufactured by Minolta Co., Ltd.) was about 50 to obtain a red yeast rice extract.
<Preparation of dye composition>
The concentration of L-carnosine reagent (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was 0.5 wt%, 1 wt%, 2.5 wt% and An equal amount of an aqueous solution of carnosine was added so as to be 5% by weight to obtain a red potato pigment composition.
Each dye composition is allowed to stand at 10,000 ° C. under a fluorescent lamp at 25 ° C., and a color difference meter is used to measure changes over time in the L value, a value, and b value to obtain a color difference E value representing the degree of fading. It was subjected to a fading test to convert. As a control, a discoloration test was conducted in the same manner for the koji extract without added carnosine.
The results are shown in FIG. In FIG. 1, the vertical axis represents the color difference E value, and the horizontal axis represents the number of days elapsed. The color difference E value indicates a color change, and a smaller value means a smaller color change.
As is apparent from FIG. 1, it can be seen that when carnosine was added, discoloration was suppressed and light resistance was improved compared to the control without carnosine.
[0014]
[Example 2]
A red yeast rice extract was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. However, a red yeast rice extract stock solution was prepared by changing the ethanol-water mixed solvent to a solvent containing only ethanol, and diluted with ethanol to obtain an L value of about 40 to obtain a red yeast rice extract. The concentration of L-anserine reagent (manufactured by Sigma-Aldrich Japan Co., Ltd.) is 0.05% by weight, 0.5% by weight, and 5% by weight with respect to the red yeast rice extract, respectively. An equivalent amount of an anserine aqueous solution was added to the mixture to obtain a red potato pigment composition.
In the same manner as in Example 1, it was subjected to a fading test and colorimetry was performed. As a control, a discoloration test was conducted in the same manner for the red yeast rice extract without anserine.
The results after 3 days from the fading test are shown in Table 1.
As is clear from Table 1, it can be seen that when 0.5 to 5% of anserine was added to the control without anserine, fading was suppressed and light resistance was improved.
[0015]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004416196
[0016]
[Example 3]
Steamed and sterilized white rice is inoculated with red koji mold (strain name: Monascus pilosus IFO 4520), carnosine used in Example 1 and anserine aqueous solution used in Example 2 are added to 5 wt% each, By a conventional method, solid culture was performed at 30 ° C. for 3 days in the first half of the culture and at 25 ° C. for 5 days in the second half for a total of 8 days. The culture was dried at 60 ° C. in a blast dryer to a moisture content of 12% by weight or less, pulverized to a particle size of 297 μm or less by a pulverizer, and added with carnosine or anserine. Obtained. This red yeast rice powder was mixed with steamed and sterilized white rice powder, and the L value measured with a color difference meter (CR-200 manufactured by Minolta Co., Ltd.) was adjusted to about 60.
As in Example 1, red yeast rice powder was subjected to a fading test. As a control, a discoloration test was conducted in the same manner for the red yeast rice powder produced without adding carnosine and anserine.
The results after 6 days from the fading test are shown in Table 2.
[0017]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004416196
[0018]
As is apparent from Table 2, it can be seen that, compared to the control produced without the addition of carnosine and anserine, the red yeast rice powder produced by adding carnosine or anserine has suppressed fading and improved light resistance.
[0019]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, by using a histidine-containing peptide, it is possible to obtain a red potato pigment composition and a red potato that suppress the fading caused by light of the red potato pigment and improve light resistance.
Carcinone or anserine, which is a histidine-containing peptide, may be used alone or in combination.
[Brief description of the drawings]
1 is a graph showing the results of a fading test in Example 1. FIG.

Claims (6)

ヒスチジン含有ペプチドを含有する紅麹色素組成物であって、前記ヒスチジン含有ペプチドがカルノシン、またはアンセリン、またはその混合物である紅麹色素組成物。 A Monascus pigment composition containing a histidine-containing peptide, the histidine-containing peptide carnosine or anserine or a mixture der Ru Monascus dye composition. 紅麹色素をヒスチジン含有ペプチドと共存させる紅麹色素の耐光性改善方法であって、前記ヒスチジン含有ペプチドがカルノシン、またはアンセリン、またはその混合物である紅麹色素の耐光性改善方法。 A Monascus dye Monascus light resistance improving method of the dye coexist with histidine containing peptides, the histidine-containing peptide carnosine or anserine or light resistance improving method of the mixture der Ru Monascus pigments,. ヒスチジン含有ペプチドを紅麹菌と紅麹原料との混合物に添加して製造する紅麹製造法であって、前記ヒスチジン含有ペプチドがカルノシン、またはアンセリン、またはその混合物である紅麹製造法。 Histidine-containing peptides a red mold process for manufacturing by adding to the mixture of Monascus and Monascus material, the histidine-containing peptide carnosine or anserine or red mold preparation Ru mixture der,. 請求項3で製造した紅麹またはその抽出物。 The red yeast rice or the extract which was manufactured in Claim 3 . 請求項1または請求項4の何れかを配合してなる食品。 A food comprising any one of claims 1 and 4 . 請求項1または請求項4の何れかを配合してなる化粧品。Cosmetics comprising any one of claims 1 and 4 .
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