JP4408032B2 - Press forming method - Google Patents
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Description
本発明は、板状の素材をプレス成形する方法に関し、特に、プレス成形時の引張力による素材の割れを抑制し得るようにしたプレス成形方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method of press-molding a plate-shaped material, and more particularly to a press-molding method that can suppress cracking of the material due to a tensile force during press molding.
従来、板状の素材をプレス成形するのに先立って、プレス成形時の割れの発生基点となる素材の破断危険箇所を予測し、この破断危険箇所を内包する素材の所定領域に、圧縮加工による局部的な加工硬化部(ディンプル)を複数形成し、プレス成形時の素材の割れを抑制するようにしたプレス成形方法が知られている(例えば、特許文献１参照。)。このものでは、前記所定領域を、破断危険箇所を中心とし、プレス成形時の引張力の作用方向を対辺方向とする方形の領域に設定し、この領域に複数の加工硬化部を碁盤目状に整列させて形成している。
上記従来例のように加工硬化部を形成する領域(加工硬化領域)を方形に設定すると、引張力の作用方向に直交する方向を幅方向として、プレス成形時における素材の伸び率が加工硬化領域の幅方向両側の側辺を境にして、加工硬化領域の内と外とで急変し、その結果、加工硬化領域の境界部での応力集中による割れを生じ易くなる。 When the region where the work hardening part is formed (work hardening region) is set to a square shape as in the conventional example above, the elongation direction of the material during press molding is the work hardening region, with the direction perpendicular to the direction of the tensile force acting as the width direction. As a result, abrupt changes occur between the inside and outside of the work hardening region, with the side edges on both sides in the width direction being the boundary, and as a result, cracks are likely to occur due to stress concentration at the boundary of the work hardening region.
本発明は、以上の点に鑑み、割れの発生をより有効に防止できるようにしたプレス成形方法を提供することをその課題としている。 This invention makes it the subject to provide the press molding method which enabled it to prevent generation | occurrence | production of a crack more effectively in view of the above point.
本発明は、板状の素材をプレス成形するのに先立って、プレス成形時の割れの発生基点となる素材の破断危険箇所を予測し、この破断危険箇所を内包する素材の所定の加工硬化領域に、圧縮加工による局部的な加工硬化部を複数形成し、プレス成形時の素材の割れを抑制するようにしたプレス成形方法において、前記加工硬化領域は、前記破断危険箇所を中心に内包すると共に、前記複数の加工硬化部は、該加工硬化部の非形成部分がプレス成形時の引張力の作用方向に連続して延在することを阻止するように千鳥状に配置される。 In the present invention, prior to press molding a plate-shaped material, a fracture risk point of the material that becomes a crack generation base point during press molding is predicted, and a predetermined work hardening region of the material including the fracture risk point is included. In addition, in the press molding method in which a plurality of local work hardening portions by compression processing are formed to suppress cracking of the material at the time of press molding, the work hardening region is included around the risk of breakage. The plurality of work hardened portions are arranged in a staggered manner so as to prevent the non-formed portions of the work hardened portions from continuously extending in the direction in which the tensile force acts during press molding.
本発明の前提とするプレス成形方法においては、加工硬化領域の引張力の作用方向における長さが短くなると、素材が伸び易くなる。そのため、プレス成形時における素材の伸び率は、前記引張力の作用方向の部分から離れるのに従って徐々に大きくなる。従って、破断危険箇所が存在する前記引張力の作用方向における部分での素材の伸び率を小さく抑えて、破断危険箇所での割れを有効に防止すると共に、伸び率が或る部分で急変することにより発生する割れも防止し、プレス成形を良好に行うことが望まれる。 In the press molding method as a premise of the present invention, when the length of the work-hardening region in the acting direction of the tensile force is shortened, the material is easily stretched. Therefore, the elongation percentage of the material during press molding gradually increases as the distance from the portion in the direction of action of the tensile force increases. Therefore, the elongation rate of the material in the portion in the direction of the tensile force where the fracture risk location exists is suppressed to be small, and cracks at the fracture risk location are effectively prevented, and the elongation rate suddenly changes in a certain portion. It is desirable to prevent cracking caused by the above and to perform press molding well.
また、加工硬化領域には、各加工硬化部の配置ピッチ間に位置する加工硬化部の非形成部分が残り、この非形成部分が引張力の作用方向に連続して延在すると、この延在部分での局部的な伸びを生じ易くなる。そのため、本発明では、加工硬化部の非形成部分が引張力の作用方向に連続して延在することを阻止するように、加工硬化部は千鳥状に配置される。 In addition, the work hardening region, the non-formation portion of the work hardening portion located between the arrangement pitch of the work hardening portion remains, this non-formation portion extending continuously acting direction of the tensile force, the extension It becomes easy to produce local elongation in a part. Therefore, in this invention, a work hardening part is arrange | positioned in zigzag form so that the non-formation part of a work hardening part may prevent extending continuously in the action direction of a tensile force.
特に、前記引張力の作用方向に隣接する加工硬化部が、前記引張力の作用方向と直交する方向にオーバーラップするように配置すれば、素材の伸びをより有効に抑制できる。そして、当該加工硬化部間のオーバーラップ量（引張力の作用方向に隣接する加工硬化部同士の重なり代）が、前記引張力の作用方向から前記引張力の作用方向と直交する方向に離れるに従って減少するように、前記複数の加工硬化部を配置することにより、素材の伸び率が前記引張力の作用方向の部分から離れるのに従って大きくなり、伸び率の急変による割れの発生をより確実に防止することができる。
また、本発明の前提とするプレス成形方法、すなわち、板状の素材をプレス成形するのに先立って、プレス成形時の割れの発生基点となる素材の破断危険箇所を予測し、この破断危険箇所を内包する素材の所定領域に圧縮加工による局部的な加工硬化部を複数形成し、プレス成形時の素材の割れを抑制するようにしたプレス成形方法において、破断危険箇所が製品のコーナアール部に存在する場合、加工硬化部のコーナアール部の曲率に沿う方向の寸法がコーナアール部の断面周長以上になると、コーナアール部の周長全体に加工硬化部が掛かる可能性がある。その結果、コーナアール部のスプリングバック量が大きくなり、成形精度が悪化することとなる。
そこで、本発明では、加工硬化部が形成される所定領域は前記破断危険箇所を中心に内包すると共に、前記加工硬化部は、そのコーナアール部の曲率に沿う方向の寸法が該コーナアール部の断面周長より小さくなるように形成される。この構成によれば、コーナアール部のスプリングバック量を抑制して、素材の成形精度の悪化を防止することができる。
In particular, work hardening portion adjacent to the working direction of the tensile force, when arranged to overlap in a direction perpendicular to the direction of action of the tensile force can be more effectively suppressed elongation of the material. As the amount of overlap between the work-hardening parts (the overlap margin between the work-hardening parts adjacent to each other in the direction in which the tensile force acts) increases away from the direction in which the tensile force acts in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the tensile force acts. By arranging the plurality of work hardened parts so as to decrease, the elongation rate of the material increases as it moves away from the part in the direction of application of the tensile force, and the occurrence of cracks due to sudden changes in the elongation rate is more reliably prevented. Can
In addition, prior to press molding a press-forming method as a premise of the present invention, that is, prior to press-molding a plate-shaped material, a fracture risk location of the material that becomes the starting point of cracking during press molding is predicted, and this fracture risk location In a press molding method that forms multiple local work-hardening parts by compression processing in a predetermined area of the material containing the material and suppresses cracking of the material during press molding, the risk of breakage is at the corner part of the product. When present, if the dimension in the direction along the curvature of the corner portion of the work hardening portion is equal to or greater than the cross-sectional circumference of the corner portion, the work hardening portion may be applied to the entire circumference of the corner portion. As a result, the amount of spring back in the corner portion is increased and the molding accuracy is deteriorated.
Therefore, in the present invention, the predetermined region in which the work hardening portion is formed is included around the risk of breakage, and the work hardening portion has a dimension along the curvature of the corner portion of the corner portion. It is formed so as to be smaller than the circumferential length of the cross section. According to this configuration, the amount of spring back at the corner portion can be suppressed, and deterioration of the molding accuracy of the material can be prevented.
図１は、板状の素材１を所定の製品形状に絞り成形するプレス金型を示している。このプレス金型は、上側の可動型たるダイ１１と、下側の固定型たるポンチ１２と、ポンチ１２の周囲に上方に付勢して配置したブランクホルダ１３とを備えおり、素材１の周辺部分をダイ１１のダイフェース部１１ａとブランクホルダ１３との間に挟持した状態で、素材１を製品形状に絞り成形する。この場合、成形当初にダイ１１の肩部１１ｂが当り、その後、該肩部１１ｂとポンチ１２の肩部１２ａとの間で引き伸ばされる素材１の部分ａに割れを生ずることがある。また、製品形状によっては、ポンチ肩部に対応する部分に割れを生ずることもある。このような割れの発生基点となる破断危険箇所の位置は、コンピュータ解析や試し打ちで予測できる。 FIG. 1 shows a press die for drawing a plate-like material 1 into a predetermined product shape. This press die includes a die 11 that is an upper movable die, a punch 12 that is a lower fixed die, and a blank holder 13 that is urged upward around the punch 12. With the portion sandwiched between the die face portion 11a of the die 11 and the blank holder 13, the material 1 is drawn into a product shape. In this case, the shoulder 11b of the die 11 hits at the beginning of molding, and thereafter, the portion a of the material 1 stretched between the shoulder 11b and the shoulder 12a of the punch 12 may be cracked. Further, depending on the product shape, the portion corresponding to the punch shoulder may be cracked. The position of the risk of breakage, which is the starting point of such cracks, can be predicted by computer analysis or trial hitting.
そこで、本実施形態では、図２に示すように、素材１に対して、破断危険箇所２を内包する所定の加工硬化領域３を設定し、プレス成形に先立って、この加工硬化領域３に局部的な加工硬化部４を複数形成している。ここで、加工硬化部４は、これに対応する突部を有する押し型で素材１を加圧し、突部により素材を圧縮加工することで形成される。このような加工硬化部４を形成した加工硬化領域３では、プレス成形時に素材１が伸びにくくなり、破断危険箇所２の割れが抑制される。尚、圧縮加工による板厚減少率が大きくなりすぎると、プレス成形による板厚減少も加味されて製品の板厚に関する品質要件から外れる虞れがあるため、圧縮加工による板厚減少率は５％以下にすることが望ましい。 Therefore, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, a predetermined work-hardening region 3 that encloses the risk of breakage 2 is set for the material 1, and this work-hardening region 3 is localized in the work-hardening region 3 prior to press molding. A plurality of typical work hardening portions 4 are formed. Here, the work hardening part 4 is formed by pressurizing the raw material 1 with a pressing die having a protrusion corresponding thereto and compressing the raw material by the protrusion. In the work hardening region 3 in which such work hardening portions 4 are formed, the material 1 becomes difficult to stretch during press molding, and cracking of the breakable risk portion 2 is suppressed. In addition, if the plate thickness reduction rate due to compression processing becomes too large, the plate thickness reduction rate due to press forming may be taken into account and there is a risk that it will deviate from the quality requirements related to the product plate thickness. The following is desirable.
また、加工硬化領域３は、破断危険箇所２を中心とする、プレス成形時の引張力Ｆの作用方向に平行な対角線３ａとこれに直交する対角線３ｂとを持つ略菱形の領域に設定されている。これによれば、加工硬化領域３の引張力Ｆの作用方向における長さが、当該方向に平行な菱形の対角線３ａの近傍部分では長く、この対角線３ａから引張力Ｆの作用方向と直交する方向に離れるのに従って短くなる。ここで、加工硬化領域３の引張力Ｆの作用方向における長さが短くなると、素材１が伸び易くなる。そのため、プレス成形時における素材１の伸び率は、対角線３ａの近傍部分から離れるのに従って徐々に大きくなる。従って、破断危険箇所２が存在する対角線３ａの近傍部分での素材１の伸び率を小さく抑えて、破断危険箇所２での割れを有効に防止できると共に、伸び率が或る部分で急変することにより発生する割れも防止できる。 Further, the work hardening region 3 is set to a substantially rhombus region having a diagonal line 3a parallel to the acting direction of the tensile force F at the time of press forming and a diagonal line 3b orthogonal to the center, with the breakable point 2 as the center. Yes. According to this, the length in the acting direction of the tensile force F of the work hardening region 3 is long in the vicinity of the rhombic diagonal 3a parallel to the direction, and the direction orthogonal to the acting direction of the tensile force F from the diagonal 3a. It gets shorter as you leave. Here, when the length of the work hardening region 3 in the direction of application of the tensile force F is shortened, the material 1 is easily stretched. Therefore, the elongation percentage of the material 1 during press molding gradually increases as the distance from the vicinity of the diagonal line 3a increases. Accordingly, the elongation rate of the material 1 in the vicinity of the diagonal line 3a where the fracture risk location 2 exists can be suppressed to be small, and the crack in the fracture risk location 2 can be effectively prevented, and the elongation rate can change suddenly in a certain portion. Can also prevent cracking.
また、加工硬化部４の非形成部分が引張力の作用方向に連続して延在すると、この延在部分での局部伸びを生ずる可能性がある。そこで、加工硬化部４は、加工硬化部の非形成部分が引張力Ｆの作用方向に連続して延在することを阻止できるように、千鳥状に、且つ、引張力Ｆの作用方向に隣接する加工硬化部４同士が引張力Ｆの作用方向と直交する方向にオーバーラップするように配置されている。そのため、加工硬化領域３内での素材１の伸びが効果的に抑制される。 Moreover, if the non-formation part of the work hardening part 4 is continuously extended in the acting direction of the tensile force, there is a possibility that local extension occurs in the extension part. Therefore, the work hardening portion 4 is staggered and adjacent to the direction in which the tensile force F is applied so that the non-formed portion of the work hardened portion can be prevented from continuously extending in the direction in which the tensile force F is applied. It arrange | positions so that the work hardening parts 4 to overlap may overlap in the direction orthogonal to the action direction of the tensile force F. Therefore, the elongation of the material 1 in the work hardening region 3 is effectively suppressed.
更に、対角線３ａに近い部分に存する加工硬化部４のオーバーラップ量(引張力Ｆの作用方向に隣接する加工硬化部４同士の引張力Ｆの作用方向と直交する方向の重なり代)を図中Ｌ１で示すように比較的大きく取り、破断危険箇所２での伸びを確実に抑制できるようにしている。一方、対角線３ａから離れた部分に存する加工硬化部４では、オーバーラップ量が図中Ｌ２，Ｌ３で示す如く次第に減少するようにしている。これにより、プレス成形時における素材１の伸び率が、対角線３ａの近傍部分から離れるのに従って大きくなり、伸び率の急変による割れの発生が可及的に防止される。 Further, the overlap amount of the work hardening portion 4 existing in the portion close to the diagonal line 3a (the overlap margin in the direction orthogonal to the action direction of the tensile force F between the work hardening portions 4 adjacent to the action direction of the tensile force F) is shown in the figure. As shown by L1, it is relatively large so that the elongation at the breakable risk point 2 can be reliably suppressed. On the other hand, in the work hardening part 4 existing in the part away from the diagonal line 3a, the overlap amount gradually decreases as indicated by L2 and L3 in the figure. Thereby, the elongation rate of the raw material 1 at the time of press molding increases as the distance from the vicinity of the diagonal line 3a increases, and the occurrence of cracks due to a sudden change in the elongation rate is prevented as much as possible.
尚、本実施形態では、加工硬化部４の形状を引張力Ｆの作用方向と直交する方向に長手の楕円形とし、対角線３ａから離れた加工硬化部４の長さを短くすることにより、これら加工硬化部４を菱形の加工硬化領域３に収めた状態で、オーバーラップ量を減少させるようにしている。加工硬化部４の寸法は、長径が５〜１５ｍｍ程度、短径が３〜１０ｍｍ程度である。 In the present embodiment, the shape of the work hardening portion 4 is an ellipse that is long in a direction orthogonal to the direction of action of the tensile force F, and the length of the work hardening portion 4 away from the diagonal line 3a is shortened. The overlap amount is reduced in a state where the work hardening part 4 is housed in the diamond work hardening region 3. As for the dimension of the work hardening part 4, a major axis is about 5-15 mm and a minor axis is about 3-10 mm.
尚、加工硬化部４の形状は楕円形に限るものではなく、例えば、図３に示す第２実施形態のように、加工硬化部４の形状を直径５〜１０ｍｍ程度の円形としても良い。第２実施形態は、プレス成形時に主の引張力Ｆに加えてこれに直交する方向に二次的な引張力Ｆ´が作用する部分に設定する加工硬化領域３を示している。このように２方向の引張力Ｆ，Ｆ´が作用する場合には、加工硬化部４の非形成部分が何れの引張力Ｆ，Ｆ´の作用方向にも連続して延在しないように加工硬化部４を２方向に関して千鳥状に配置する。尚、主引張力Ｆの作用方向に平行な対角線３ａから離れた部分では、加工硬化部４が主引張力Ｆの作用方向に隣接する加工硬化部４に対し該方向と直交する方向に殆どオーバーラップしていないが、若干オーバーラップさせるようにしても良い。 In addition, the shape of the work hardening part 4 is not restricted to an ellipse, For example, the shape of the work hardening part 4 is good also as a circle about 5-10 mm in diameter like 2nd Embodiment shown in FIG. 2nd Embodiment has shown the work hardening area | region 3 set to the part to which the secondary tensile force F 'acts in the direction orthogonal to this in addition to the main tensile force F at the time of press molding. In this way, when the tensile forces F and F ′ in two directions are applied, the non-formed portion of the work hardening portion 4 is processed so as not to continuously extend in the direction in which any tensile force F or F ′ is applied. The hardened portions 4 are arranged in a staggered manner in two directions. It should be noted that in a portion away from the diagonal line 3a parallel to the direction of action of the main tensile force F, the work hardened portion 4 is almost over in the direction perpendicular to the work hardened portion 4 adjacent to the direction of action of the main tensile force F. Although it is not wrapped, it may be slightly overlapped.
また、破断危険箇所２がポンチ肩部に対応する部分、即ち、製品のコーナアール部に存在する場合、加工硬化部４のコーナアール部の曲率に沿う方向の寸法がコーナアール部の断面周長以上になると、コーナアール部の周長全体に加工硬化部４が掛かる可能性がある。その結果、コーナアール部のスプリングバック量が大きくなり、成形精度が悪化する。従って、加工硬化部４のコーナアール部の曲率に沿う方向の寸法は、コーナアール部の断面周長より小さくすることが望ましい。 Further, when the risk of breakage 2 is present in the portion corresponding to the punch shoulder, that is, in the corner portion of the product, the dimension along the curvature of the corner portion of the work hardening portion 4 is the circumferential length of the corner portion. If it becomes above, there exists a possibility that the work hardening part 4 may hang over the whole perimeter of a corner part. As a result, the amount of spring back at the corner area is increased and the molding accuracy is deteriorated. Therefore, it is desirable that the dimension in the direction along the curvature of the corner portion of the work hardening portion 4 be smaller than the circumferential length of the corner portion.
以上、素材１を絞り成形する場合について説明したが、本発明はバルジ張り出し成形といった他のプレス成形における素材の割れ防止対策としても有効である。 Although the case where the material 1 is formed by drawing has been described above, the present invention is also effective as a measure for preventing the material from cracking in other press forming methods such as bulge overhang forming.
１…素材、２…破断危険箇所、３…加工硬化領域(所定領域)、４…加工硬化部
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Material, 2 ... Breaking danger location, 3 ... Work hardening area (predetermined area), 4 ... Work hardening part
Claims (2)
前記加工硬化領域（３）は、前記破断危険箇所（２）を中心に内包すると共に、
前記複数の加工硬化部（４）は、該加工硬化部（４）の非形成部分がプレス成形時の引張力（Ｆ）の作用方向に連続して延在することを阻止するように千鳥状に配置され、かつ、前記引張力（Ｆ）の作用方向に平行な方向に隣接する加工硬化部（４）が、前記引張力（Ｆ）の作用方向に直交する方向に互いにオーバーラップし、該加工硬化部（４）間のオーバーラップ量が、前記引張力（Ｆ）の作用方向から前記直交する方向に離れるに従って減少するように配置されることを特徴とするプレス成形方法。 Prior to press-molding the plate-shaped material (1), the risk of fracture (2) of the material that is the starting point of cracking during press molding is predicted, and the material ( In the press molding method in which a plurality of local work-hardening portions (4) by compression processing are formed in the predetermined work-hardening region (3) of 1) so as to suppress cracking of the material during press molding,
The work-hardening region (3) is included around the risk of breakage (2),
The plurality of work hardened portions (4) are staggered so as to prevent the non-formed portions of the work hardened portions (4) from continuously extending in the direction in which the tensile force (F) acts during press molding. And the work hardening portions (4) adjacent to each other in a direction parallel to the direction of action of the tensile force (F) overlap each other in a direction perpendicular to the direction of action of the tensile force (F), The press molding method , wherein the overlap amount between the work-hardening portions (4) is arranged so as to decrease as the distance from the direction of application of the tensile force (F) increases in the orthogonal direction .
前記所定領域（３）は、前記破断危険箇所（２）を中心に内包すると共に、
前記加工硬化部（４）は、そのコーナアール部の曲率に沿う方向の寸法が該コーナアール部の断面周長より小さくなるように形成されることを特徴とするプレス成形方法。 Prior to press-molding the plate-shaped material (1), the risk of fracture (2) of the material that is the starting point of cracking during press molding is predicted, and the material ( In the press molding method in which a plurality of local work hardening portions (4) by compression processing are formed in the predetermined region (3) of 1) so as to suppress cracking of the material during press molding,
The predetermined area (3) includes the breakable danger point (2) as a center,
The press-hardening method, wherein the work hardening portion (4) is formed such that a dimension in a direction along a curvature of the corner portion is smaller than a circumferential length of the corner portion .
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