JP4402373B2 - Plant disease preventive or herbicide, and plant disease preventive or herbicidal method - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a plant disease preventive or herbicide, and a plant disease preventive or herbicidal method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Generally, chemical pesticides are often used to control pests in the agricultural and horticultural fields. However, when chemical pesticides are used, some harm is caused not only to pests but also to other animals such as human animals. There is a case. In order to kill insect pests, conventionally, many methods have been used in which organophosphorus insecticides, pyrethroid insecticide oils and emulsions are sprayed on wood or soil, or injected into the wood. However, in recent years, the effects of these drugs on human livestock or the environmental pollution caused by these drugs have been regarded as problems. Furthermore, these drugs have a problem that they may have an adverse effect on the health of workers.
[0003]
Therefore, pest control formulations using microorganisms have been developed and used in part. In most cases, pest control formulations using microorganisms are active in the state where the microorganisms are alive, but especially in the case of filamentous fungi, the stability in the natural environment is extremely poor. It is necessary to pay attention to pest control preparations using fungi during storage and transportation.
[0004]
For example, in order to increase the stability of filamentous fungi and their conidia during storage and transportation, a method of storage using a packaging material has been disclosed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
[0005]
In addition, as a culture of filamentous fungi, a sheet in which a fungus is cultivated on a urethane foam or a non-woven fabric so as to be easily wound around a damaged tree to control adult insects such as longhorn beetle has been proposed (for example, , See Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3.) This is a formulation with conidia grown on the mycelium, so it is stable and stable for more than 1 year at 5 ° C or lower, stable for more than 2 years at -20 ° C or lower, and 2 months at 25 ° C. Is recognized as a long-lasting formulation in the field because of its stability.
[0006]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-508645 [Patent Document 2]
JP 63-190807 A [Patent Document 3]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-98567
In general, the damage of plant diseases in agriculture and horticulture is as great as the damage of pests. Plant preventives and herbicides to prevent these damages are wettable powders that are easy to spread from the viewpoint of ease of work. A type is sought.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to utilize a microorganism having a bactericidal action against plant diseases, stably store it, and easily obtain a microbial dispersion at the time of use. It is to provide a method for preventing plant diseases or a method for herbicidal use.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventor has obtained a mesh portion of a culture obtained by solid-culturing a microorganism having a controlling and controlling action against plant diseases and weeds using a carrier. By wrapping it in a container to make it a preventive or herbicide, it stabilizes it without damaging the microorganisms until it is used, and when used, the microorganisms are dispersed in the water just by putting it in water. It has been found that the microbial dispersion can be easily prepared without mixing the carrier by remaining in the container.
[0010]
In addition, the present inventors have found that it is possible to control from plant diseases and remove weeds without phytotoxicity by oil or the like by spraying the microbial dispersion on the place to prevent or weed, and thus completed the present invention.
[0011]
That is, the present invention is a plant disease prevention characterized by wrapping a culture obtained by solid-culturing a microorganism having a bactericidal action against a plant disease in a container having a mesh portion. An agent or herbicide is provided.
[0012]
Furthermore, the present invention provides a plant disease prevention method or herbicidal method characterized in that the plant disease prevention agent or herbicide is placed in water to disperse microorganisms and the resulting microorganism dispersion is sprayed. is there.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
There is no particular limitation on plant diseases and weeds using the plant disease preventive agent and herbicide of the present invention.
[0014]
Plant diseases include, for example, tobacco white silk disease and lower back disease, root scab disease, soft rot, gray mold disease, etc. found in many crops, and weeds include, for example, sparrow leaf cattle and nobies. Etc.
[0015]
The microorganism having a bactericidal action used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and specifically, a genus Verticillium (Verticillium sp.), A genus Trichoderma (sp.), A genus Glioclodium ( Bacillus having preventive, bactericidal, and herbicidal effects against filamentous fungi such as Glioclodium sp.), Chaetomium sp., Drechlera sp., And Exerohilum sp. Subtilis and Erwinia carotovora, Xanthomonas campris, Xanthomonas camps stris), Chaetomium sp (Chaetomium sp.), non-pathogenic Fusarium (Fusarium sp.), actinomycete Streptomyces (Streptomyces sp.) are exemplified bacteria such. These microorganisms can be isolated in the field from plants and dead worms parasitized by this bacterium.
[0016]
When the microorganism used in the present invention is a filamentous fungus, the mycelium is stretched on a carrier to form a conidial pattern, and conidia of about 10 μm can be grown there. The mechanism of action of the above-mentioned filamentous fungus to prevent plant diseases is that this filamentous fungus seems to work as an antagonistic microorganism, and this filamentous fungus settles on the plant body before the pathogenic fungus contaminates the plant body. It is thought to reduce plant diseases by reducing the density of living organisms or producing substances that suppress the activity of pathogenic bacteria and harmful microorganisms. The mechanism of action of filamentous fungi as a herbicide occurs specifically, and the mechanism of action is not clear.
[0017]
In the present invention, as a carrier for solid-culturing microorganisms, a commonly used known carrier can be used. For example, vegetable powder (wood flour, rice grain, soybean flour, wheat bran, tobacco powder, starch, cellulose, etc. ) And inclusion compounds such as cyclodextrin. These can be used after being processed into dosage forms such as granules, tablets and pellets. Synthetic fibers (polyethylene, nylon, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyester, polypropylene, vinylon, etc.), animal and plant fibers or inorganic fibers (cellulose, resin, silk, cotton, wool, paper, cloth, non-woven fabric, woven fabric, Leather, aluminum, etc.) can also be used as a carrier. These can be used after being processed into a dosage form such as a band agent or a sheet agent. Of these, wheat bran, rice cereal, and soybean flour are preferable from the viewpoint of versatility as a carrier and use as a medium component.
[0018]
As a method for solid-culturing the microorganism used in the present invention using a carrier, for example, a culture solution obtained by liquid culture using glucose as a carbon source is sprayed on a carrier autoclaved by adding water of the same weight as wheat bran, Stir aseptically and 90% RP at 25 ° C. H. A method of stationary culture for about 7 days under the above conditions is mentioned.
[0019]
Further, the bacterial density (the number of viable bacteria per unit weight) in the culture is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 ⁷ / g or more, and more preferably 10 ⁹ to 10 ¹¹ / g. The bacterial density can be measured by a dilution plate method.
[0020]
Further, when the plant disease preventive agent or herbicide of the present invention further contains a surfactant, the surfactant is added to the outside of the container by the surfactant when the preparation of the present invention is placed in water and the microorganisms are dispersed in the water outside the container. This is preferable because the transition to is promoted and the concentration of microorganisms in water is increased. The surfactant is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, and a nonionic surfactant. Among them, it is possible to keep the culture in the container for a long time without deteriorating deterioration, and there is no foaming when put in water, and the dispersion can be promoted without killing the microorganisms. From a viewpoint, from lignin sulfonate, dialkyl ester sulfonate, alkyl sulfate ester salt, alkyl allyl sulfonate, naphthalene sulfonate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan stearate and polycarboxylate A powdery surfactant containing at least one selected from the group consisting of
[0021]
The amount of the culture used is preferably prepared as a spraying agent so that the number of microorganisms as active ingredients is 10 ⁶ to 10 ⁸ / ml. 0.5 to 100 g is preferable, and 5 to 10 g is preferable for preparing a microorganism amount of about 10 ⁷ / ml in a culture of about 10 ¹⁰ cells / g.
[0022]
The amount of the surfactant used is preferably 1/100 to 2 times the amount of the culture, more preferably 1/10 to the same amount.
[0023]
The container used by this invention will not be specifically limited if it has a mesh part, A mesh part may cover the whole container, or may be a part of container. The material of the mesh part of the container is not particularly limited as long as it is insoluble in water, and examples thereof include nylon, rayon, polyester, polyethylene, cloth, paper, and the like, and woven or non-woven fabric made of these materials is used. be able to. The pore size of the mesh is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.005 mm or more from the viewpoint that the microorganisms in the mesh are easily dispersed in the water outside the container when the preparation of the present invention is put in water. The above is more preferable. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of confining the carrier in the container, 1 mm or less is preferable, and 0.1 mm or less is more preferable.
[0024]
When the mesh part is a part of the container, the material other than the mesh part of the container is not particularly limited as long as it is insoluble in water, and may be plastic or metal, but is discarded in the soil after use It is preferable to use a cotton cloth or a pulp nonwoven fabric from the viewpoint that it sometimes spontaneously disintegrates.
[0025]
The size of the container is not particularly limited as long as the culture can be wrapped, and the shape thereof is not limited. For example, a bag shape, a cylindrical shape, a square shape, or the like can be given.
[0026]
The plant disease preventive agent and herbicide of the present invention can be stably stored because they are held on the carrier in the culture without being damaged by the microorganisms until they are put into water.
[0027]
In addition, by putting the plant disease preventive agent and herbicide of the present invention in water and dispersing the microorganisms in water outside the container, by spraying the obtained microbial dispersion liquid to the damaged sites and places where damage may occur, It is possible to control plant diseases and prevent weed breeding damage.
[0028]
In this case, microorganisms may be dispersed in water containing a surfactant. For example, (1) the preparation of the present invention is placed in water containing a surfactant to disperse microorganisms, (2) the surfactant is added together with the preparation in water, or (3) the interface is added after the preparation is introduced into water. Microorganisms can be dispersed in water containing a surfactant by various methods such as adding an activator. This facilitates the migration of microorganisms out of the container, which is preferable because the microorganism concentration in water increases. The surfactant is not particularly limited, and the same surfactant as that further contained in the preparation of the present invention can be used.
[0029]
As the amount of water to which the plant disease preventive agent or herbicide of the present invention is added, a microbial dispersion having an appropriate concentration can be obtained, and from the viewpoint of dispersibility, 0.1 to 10 L per 1 g of culture is preferable. 0.5-2L is more preferable. The number of microorganisms in the microorganism dispersion is preferably 10 ⁶ to 10 ⁸ / ml.
[0030]
The obtained microbial dispersion can be sprayed using a general agricultural chemical sprayer or the like.
[0031]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention further in detail, this invention is not limited at all by these Examples.
[0032]
Example 1
A large number of plant disease preventives are prepared by putting 20 g of a culture obtained by solid-cultivating Bacillus subtilis as a microorganism in rice husks into a 20 × 14 cm bag of nylon mesh (pore diameter: about 0.1 mm) and heat-sealing. did. The density of microorganisms in the culture was 3.6 × 10 ⁹ cells / g. In addition, the dilution plate method was used for the measurement of microbe density. The same applies hereinafter.
[0033]
The obtained plant disease preventive agent was placed in 600m1, 2L, and 10L of water and allowed to stand for 3 hours to disperse the microorganisms in water outside the bag, thereby obtaining a microorganism dispersion. The bacterial concentration of the obtained microorganism dispersion was measured to determine the number of bacteria. The proportion of the microorganisms dispersed in the microorganism dispersion was 26%, 21%, and 28% of the microorganisms in the culture before being put in water, respectively, and it was found that they were not affected by the volume of water. The culture carrier did not leak out of the bag as a foreign substance.
[0034]
Example 2
A plant disease preventive agent was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 20 g of a surfactant (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate) was further contained in the bag.
[0035]
The obtained preventive agent was placed in 600 ml of water and allowed to stand for 3 hours to disperse the microorganisms in water outside the bag, thereby obtaining a microorganism dispersion. As a result of measuring the microbial concentration of the obtained microbial dispersion and determining the number of bacteria, the proportion of the microorganisms dispersed in the microbial dispersion was approximately 100% of the microorganisms in the culture before being put into water.
[0036]
Compared with the results of Example 1, it was found that the proportion of microorganisms dispersed in the microorganism dispersion can be increased by further containing a surfactant. Note that the culture carrier did not leak as foreign matter.
[0037]
Example 3
2 g of a culture obtained by solid-culturing Erwinia carotobola as a microorganism on wheat bran and 2 g of a powdery surfactant mainly composed of lignin sulfonate are 4 × 7 cm in a nylon mesh (pore diameter: about 0.1 mm). The formulation of the present invention was prepared by placing in a bag and heat sealing. The density of microorganisms in the culture was 1.6 × 10 ¹⁰ cells / g.
[0038]
The obtained preparation was placed in 10 L of water and allowed to stand for 3 hours to disperse the microorganisms in water outside the bag to obtain a microorganism dispersion. Thereafter, the culture was taken out from the bag, pulverized with a mixer, and the number of remaining bacteria was measured. As a result, the density of the microorganisms in the culture after the microorganisms were dispersed in water was 0.1 × 10 ^10. Pieces / g. That is, the ratio of the microorganisms dispersed in the microorganism dispersion was about 94% of the microorganisms in the culture before being put in water. Note that the culture carrier did not leak as foreign matter.
[0039]
Example 4
20 g of a culture obtained by solid-cultivating Bacillus subtilis as a microorganism in wheat bran and 0 to 20 g of a powdery surfactant mainly composed of lignin sulfonate are each 20 of nylon mesh (pore diameter: about 0.1 mm). The preparation of the present invention was prepared by placing in a bag of × 14 cm and heat-sealing. The density of microorganisms in the culture was 3.2 × 10 ⁹ cells / g.
[0040]
The obtained preparation was placed in 10 L of water and allowed to stand for 1 to 3 hours to disperse the microorganisms in the water outside the bag to obtain a microorganism dispersion. As a result of measuring the microbial concentration of the obtained microbial dispersion and determining the number of bacteria, the proportion of the microorganisms dispersed in the microbial dispersion was 80% or more of the microorganisms in the culture before being put into water.
[0041]
That is, by adding 5 g of the surfactant, 80% or more of the microorganisms are dispersed in the microorganism dispersion, and by incorporating the surfactant in the preparation of the present invention, more microorganisms are dispersed in the microorganism dispersion. It turns out that you can.
[0042]
【The invention's effect】
The plant disease preventive agent and herbicide of the present invention can stably store microorganisms having a bactericidal action against plant diseases, and can easily obtain a microbial dispersion at the time of use. Further, by using the preparation of the present invention, it is possible to effectively prevent plant diseases and weed weeds.

Claims (9)

A plant disease preventive agent or herbicide characterized by wrapping a culture obtained by solid-culturing a microorganism having a bactericidal action against a plant disease using a carrier in a container having a mesh portion. The plant disease preventive agent or herbicide according to claim 1, wherein the mesh has a pore size of 0.005 to 1 mm. The plant disease preventive agent or herbicide according to claim 1, wherein the microorganism is a filamentous fungus. Filamentous fungi are genus Verticillium sp., Trichoderma sp., Glioclodium sp., Chaetomium sp., Non-pathogenic Fusarium sp. The plant disease preventive agent according to claim 3, which is one or more filamentous fungi selected from the group consisting of Streptomyces sp., Streptomyces sp., Drechlera sp., And Exerohiram sp. Or herbicide. The plant disease preventive or herbicide according to claim 1, further comprising a surfactant. The surfactant is a powdery surfactant containing at least one selected from the group consisting of lignin sulfonate, dialkyl ester sulfonate, alkyl sulfate ester salt, alkyl allyl sulfonate, and naphthalene sulfonate. Item 5. A plant disease preventive or herbicide according to Item 5. The plant disease preventive agent or herbicide according to claim 1, wherein the carrier is confined in the container when placed in water, and the microorganisms are dispersed in water outside the container. A plant disease prevention method or herbicidal method, wherein the plant disease prevention agent or herbicide according to claim 1 is placed in water to disperse microorganisms and the resulting microorganism dispersion is sprayed. The plant disease prevention method or herbicidal method according to claim 8, wherein microorganisms are dispersed in water containing a surfactant.