JP4391029B2 - Meat Methination Inhibitor and Metogenesis Suppression Meat - Google Patents

Meat Methination Inhibitor and Metogenesis Suppression Meat Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4391029B2
JP4391029B2 JP2001047802A JP2001047802A JP4391029B2 JP 4391029 B2 JP4391029 B2 JP 4391029B2 JP 2001047802 A JP2001047802 A JP 2001047802A JP 2001047802 A JP2001047802 A JP 2001047802A JP 4391029 B2 JP4391029 B2 JP 4391029B2
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meat
trehalose
methation
present
weight
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JP2002247967A5 (en
JP2002247967A (en
Inventor
光毅 佐藤
昌輝 吉田
道隆 横山
武生 下村
正美 山下
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AOBAKASEI KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Hayashibara Seibutsu Kagaku Kenkyujo KK
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AOBAKASEI KABUSHIKI KAISHA
Hayashibara Seibutsu Kagaku Kenkyujo KK
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、魚介類、鳥獣肉等の食肉のメト化抑制剤メト化抑制食肉および食肉加工食品に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
食品の保存、貯蔵方法として冷蔵、冷凍および乾燥がある。しかしながら、これらの方法には、それぞれ一長一短がある。すなわち、冷蔵方法では、食品の長期の保存に耐えられず、微生物の増殖、食品の変質、変敗等を完全に防止出来ない。食品の冷凍貯蔵方法では、長期の保存には耐えられるが、食品の変性、変質、変色を完全に抑制できないのが現状である。乾燥方法では、長期の保存には耐えられても、品質の劣化、特に油やけ(脂質の酸化、変敗)を抑制することが出来ない等の問題がある。
【0003】
魚介類には、脊椎動物(マグロ、サバ、マダイ等)、軟体動物(イカ、タコ等)、節足動物(エビ等)、甲殻類(カニ等)、蕀皮動物(ウニ、ナマコ等)および貝類(ホタテ、カキ等)等がある。魚介類由来の食品としては、タラコ、かずのこ、いくら、すじこ、白子、心臓、腸、フカヒレなどがある。鳥獣肉には、鶏、七面鳥、カモ、キジ、ウズラ等の鳥類と、牛、豚、馬、羊等の動物由来の肉類とが含まれる。かかる魚介類または鳥獣肉由来の食品の長期の保存、貯蔵には、冷蔵、冷凍、乾燥方法が採られている。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、これまでの方法では、食品の変性、変色を完全に抑制できないため、種々の対策が採られている。因みに、マグロでは肉色の保持には、ミオグロビンの自動酸化を抑制するために酸素除去を行うか、高濃度酸素包装でオキシミオグロビンの保持を行うことで、鮮紅色を保持する方法などが採られている。軟体動物のイカ、タコ類では、冷凍耐性は強いが、冷凍やけによる品質の低下があり、イカの種類によっては、異味異臭の除去を必要とするものがある。
【0005】
さらに、変色を起こす原因として、ヘモシアニンの付着による問題等がある。節足動物のエビでは、肉質のpHが高く、エキス分の多い多水系のために、肉質が柔軟で、組織がき弱であることから、凍結速度が遅いと微細な氷晶が生じ、細胞が脱水されて、たんぱく質変性が促進される。甲殻類のカニでは、解凍、凍結時の黒変の抑制や、生冷凍品のボイル後の肉離れが悪いという問題がある。蕀皮動物のウニでは、凍結による身崩れが生じ、ナマコでは、粕漬けにした場合は色素の溶出、干ナマコの場合は歩留まりが悪くなる現象がみられる。
【0006】
さらに、貝類では、ホタテなどで、冷蔵品での鮮度保持、乾燥品での脂質の酸化、白干しの褐変などが問題とされている。さらに、魚類由来の食品である魚卵(タラコ、かずのこ、いくら、すじこ等)、魚の内臓の白子、心臓、腸等では、冷蔵、冷凍による変性、変色ならびに脂質の酸化を生じると、著しくその商品価値を失う結果となる。
【0007】
これまでの研究では、一般には、魚類の冷蔵、冷凍、乾燥時の変性抑制方法は確立されていない。食品の変色に関しても、マグロのヘムたんぱく質ミオグロビンの鮮紅色を保つために、急速凍結技術の導入によりその問題の解決をみるぐらいで、これまでに画期的な技術の開発をみることが出来なかった。
【0008】
このような従来の魚介類の変性抑制方法としては、例えば、特開平10−290685号公報、特開2000−287617号公報、特開2000−41573号公報、特許第2684561号公報および特許第3083821号公報に示すものがある。
【0009】
ところで、本発明者らの発明として、特開2000−262252号公報に示す「タンパク質変性抑制剤、冷凍変性が抑制された擂潰食肉およびその製造方法ならびに練り製品の製造方法」の発明がある。その発明では、砂糖や麦芽糖等と同じ二糖類の仲間でキノコ類に広く存在するトレハロースが用いられる。トレハロースは、近年、澱粉を原料に高純度トレハロースが大量安価に製造できるようになり、良味質の甘味糖質として食品分野で広く利用されるようになった。
【0010】
本発明者らは、前述の問題を解決するため、先の発明をさらに進展させ、機能性糖質のトレハロースに澱粉変性抑制効果、たんぱく質変性抑制効果、脂質変敗抑制効果があることに着眼し、トレハロースと無機塩類、有機酸類、調味料との組み合わせで、剥きエビの冷凍耐性、歩留まりの向上効果があることを確認した。また、軟体動物のイカ類、例えば、ペルーイカでは、トレハロースと炭酸Naの溶液に浸漬することで、酸味、えぐみを除去し、さらに、調味料との併用によりこの効果が増大することを確認した。
【0011】
魚類由来の食品であるタラの白子においては、トレハロースと炭酸Naとの併用で、冷凍変性抑制効果と変色抑制効果があることを確認した。マグロの心臓の変色に関しては、トレハロースと炭酸Naとの併用で、ミオグロビンの酸化を抑制すると共にヘムたんぱく質の冷凍変性抑制効果があることを確認した。
【0012】
こうして、本発明者らは、各種糖類、無機塩類および有機酸類のスクリーニングを行うことにより、トレハロースと各種アルカリ塩類の組み合わせで各種魚類の冷蔵、冷凍、乾燥時の経時的な変性ならびに変色を抑制する方法を確立した。本発明によれば、トレハロース、無機塩類、有機酸類ならびに各種調味料との併用により、各種魚類ならびに魚類由来の食品の冷蔵、冷凍、乾燥時の経時的な変性ならびに変色を抑制することができ、さらに、焼く、煮る、油で揚げる等の加工調理を行った際の味の面でも、ジュウシーな食感を維持することができるものである。
【0013】
本発明は、このような従来の課題に着目してなされたもので、冷蔵、冷凍、乾燥時の経時的な変性を抑制することができる食肉のメト化抑制剤メト化抑制食肉および食肉加工食品を提供することを目的とする。
【0014】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するために、本発明に係る食肉のメト化抑制剤は、トレハロースと、トレハロースに対し0.05重量%乃至10倍重量の炭酸ナトリウムおよび/または炭酸カリウムとを含むことを特徴とする。本発明に係る食肉のメト化抑制剤は、有機酸類および/または食塩をさらに含むことが好ましい。
【0015】
本発明の関連技術の食肉の変色抑制剤は、トレハロースと、トレハロースに対し0.05重量%乃至10倍重量の無機塩とを含むことを特徴とする。本発明の関連技術の食肉の変色抑制剤は、有機酸類をさらに含むことが好ましい。
【0017】
本発明の関連技術の食肉の味質改良剤は、ソルビット、トレハロースまたはそれらと他の糖質および/または調味料との組み合わせと、食肉のpHをアルカリ側に調整可能なpH調整剤とを含むことを特徴とする。
【0018】
本発明の関連技術の食肉のメト化抑制方法は、生または乾燥した食肉に対して、1乃至20重量%のトレハロースおよび0.01乃至10重量%の無機塩を添加することを特徴とする。本発明の関連技術の食肉のメト化抑制方法は、生または乾燥した食肉に対して、1乃至20重量%のトレハロースならびに0.01乃至10重量%の無機塩および有機酸類を添加することが好ましい。本発明の関連技術の食肉のメト化抑制方法は、無機塩または無機塩もしくは有機酸類を添加後の食肉を冷蔵、冷凍または乾燥することが好ましい。
【0019】
本発明の関連技術の食肉の変色抑制方法は、生または乾燥した食肉に対して、1乃至20重量%のトレハロースおよび0.01乃至10重量%の無機塩を添加することを特徴とする。本発明の関連技術の食肉の変色抑制方法は、生または乾燥した食肉に対して、1乃至20重量%のトレハロースならびに0.01乃至10重量%の無機塩および有機酸類を添加することが好ましい。本発明の関連技術の食肉の変色抑制方法は、無機塩または無機塩もしくは有機酸類を添加後の食肉を冷蔵、冷凍または乾燥することが好ましい。
【0020】
本発明に係るメト化抑制食肉は、前述の本発明に係る食肉のメト化抑制剤を含有することを特徴とする。本発明に係るメト化抑制食肉は、高甘味度甘味料および/または調味料をさらに含むことが好ましい。本発明の関連技術の変色抑制食肉は、前述の本発明の関連技術の食肉の変色抑制剤を含有することを特徴とする。本発明の関連技術の変色抑制食肉は、高甘味度甘味料および/または調味料をさらに含むことが好ましい。本発明に係る食肉加工食品は、前述の本発明に係るメト化抑制食肉を加工して成ることを特徴とする。
【0021】
本発明の関連技術の味質改良食肉は、前述の本発明の関連技術の食肉の味質改良剤を含有することを特徴とする。本発明の関連技術の味質改良食肉は、例えば、前述の本発明の関連技術の食肉の味質改良剤を軟体動物に含有させて成る。
【0022】
発明に係る食肉のメト化抑制剤メト化抑制方法、本発明の関連技術の変色抑制剤、味質改良剤、変色抑制方法は、特に、エビ・イカや、魚介類の白子・心臓などの内臓、切り身に効果的である。
【0023】
本発明において、無機塩には、炭酸ナトリウムおよび/または炭酸カリウムが好ましい。
本発明において、「生の塊状食肉」は、擂潰した食肉以外の生の食肉を意味し、切断加工していない生の食肉のほか、内臓や切り身であってもよい。
本明細書において、「有機酸類」とは、有機酸、そのアルカリ金属塩またはアルカリ土類金属塩を意味する。有機酸類としては、コハク酸およびコハク酸Na等の飽和ジカルボン酸類、リンゴ酸およびリンゴ酸Na等のオキシカルボン酸類、クエン酸およびクエン酸Na等のオキシトリカルボン酸類、乳酸および乳酸Na等のオキシモノカルボン酸類、グルコン酸およびグルコン酸Na等のポリオキシモノカルボン酸類、アスパラギン酸・アスパラギン酸Na・グルタミン酸およびグルタミン酸Na等のアミノ酸類を使用することができる。
【0024】
本発明において、pH調整剤は、もとのpHよりアルカリ側に調整可能なものであれば、調整後のpHが酸性であってもよいが、望ましくは、調整後のpHを7を越え10未満、望ましくは7.5を越え9.5未満の範囲のアルカリ性にするものであることが好ましい。
【0025】
本発明において、他の糖質は、例えば、グルコース、マルトース、ラクトース、フラクトースなどの還元糖であっても、砂糖(スクロース)、ラフィノースなどの非還元糖であっても、さらには、マンニット、ラクチトール、マルチトールなどの糖アルコールであってもよい。しかしながら、本発明で使用する糖質としては、トレハロースが特に好ましく、ソルビットまたはソルビットとトレハロースとの組み合わせも好ましいが、製造コストの面からは、トレハロースと、ソルビットおよび/または砂糖との組み合わせが好ましい。
【0026】
トレハロースには、α,α体が好適に使用される。トレハロースは、タンパク質変性抑制作用を発揮し、この発明において有利に用いることができる。トレハロースは、全体として有効量含まれてさえいれば、その調製方法、性状及び純度は問わない。トレハロースは、種々の方法で調製することができる。
【0027】
この発明はトレハロースの調製に関するものではないので詳細な説明は割愛するけれども、経済性を問題にするのであれば、特開平7−143876号公報、特開平7−213283号公報、特開平7−322883号公報、特開平7−298880号公報、特開平8−66187号公報、特開平8−66188号公報、特開平8−336388号公報及び特開平8−84586号公報のいずれかに開示された非還元性糖質生成酵素及びトレハロース遊離酵素を澱粉部分加水分解物に作用させる方法が好適である。この方法によるときには、廉価な材料である澱粉から、トレハロースのα,α体が高収量で得られる。ちなみに、斯かる方法により調製された市販品としては、食品級トレハロース粉末(登録商標『トレハ』、純度98%以上、株式会社林原商事販売)及び食品級トレハロースシロップ(登録商標『トレハスター』、純度28%以上、株式会社林原商事販売)がある。
【0028】
なお、トレハロースのα,α体は、例えば、特開平7−170977号公報、特開平8−263号公報及び特開平8−149980号公報のいずれかに記載されたマルトース・トレハロース変換酵素を作用させるか、あるいは、公知のマルトース・ホスホリラーゼ及びトレハロース・ホスホリラーゼを組合わせて作用させることによっても得ることができる。
【0029】
なお、この発明においては、トレハロースは必ずしも単離されておらずともよく、調製方法に特有な他の糖質との未分離組成物としての形態、あるいは、この発明の目的を逸脱しない範囲で、他の適宜物質との混合物としての形態であってもよい。pH調整剤は、無機塩であっても、有機酸塩であってもよいが、炭酸塩などの無機塩、特に、炭酸ナトリウムおよび/または炭酸カリウムが好ましい。この場合、炭酸ナトリウムおよび/または炭酸カリウムは、ソルビット、トレハロースまたはそれらと他の糖質との組み合わせの重量に対し、0.05重量%乃至10倍重量の範囲で含まれることが好ましく、1乃至5重量%の範囲で含まれることが特に好ましい。本発明において、高甘味度甘味料とは、ソルビットやトレハロースより甘味度の高い甘味料を意味し、例えば、砂糖が好適に用いられる。本発明において、乾燥した食肉は、塩乾であっても、一夜干しであってもよい。
【0030】
本発明に係る食肉のメト化抑制剤メト化抑制食肉食肉加工食品、本発明の関連技術の変色抑制剤、味質改良剤、変色抑制食肉および味質改良食肉は、さらに乳化剤を含んでもよい。乳化剤には、ショ糖脂肪酸エステルが好ましい。乳化剤は、pH調整剤に対し10重量%乃至10倍重量の範囲で含まれることが好ましく、等量乃至2倍重量の範囲で含まれることが特に好ましい。乳化剤は、氷の結晶の生成を抑制することにより、冷凍変性を抑制する効果をもたらす。
【0031】
また、本発明に係る食肉のメト化抑制剤メト化抑制食肉食肉加工食品、本発明の関連技術の変色抑制剤、味質改良剤、変色抑制食肉および味質改良食肉は、配体甘味料を含んでもよい。配糖体甘味料には、例えば、グリチルリチン酸ナトリウム塩、甘草エキス、ステビア甘味料などを使用することができる。配糖体甘味料は、pH調整剤が呈する塩味の塩カドをとることを主な使用目的として利用され、他に甘味付けや乳化安定作用の目的にも利用される
【0032】
本発明に係る食肉のメト化抑制剤メト化抑制食肉食肉加工食品、本発明の関連技術の変色抑制剤、味質改良剤、変色抑制食肉および味質改良食肉は、さらに他の添加剤として、例えば、コーンスターチ、甘薯澱粉、馬鈴薯澱粉、小麦澱粉、大麦澱粉などの澱粉質、グルタミン酸ナトリウム、食塩などの調味料、ソルビン酸などの保存料、ショ糖脂肪酸エステルなどの乳化剤、グリチルリチン酸ナトリウム塩、甘草エキス、ステビア甘味料などの配糖体甘味料、さらには、必要に応じて、着色料、着香料など1または複数の添加剤を含有せしめてもよい。乳化剤は、食肉に対し0.01乃至1重量%の範囲で含有せしめることが好ましく、特に0.1乃至0.2重量%の範囲で含有せしめることが好ましい。
【0033】
本発明の関連技術のメト化抑制方法および変色抑制方法において、生または乾燥した食肉に対して、1乃至20重量%のトレハロースならびに0.01乃至10重量%の無機塩または無機塩もしくは有機酸類を添加する場合、無機塩に炭酸ナトリウムおよび/または炭酸カリウムを用いるとき、トレハロースの添加量は、食肉に対し特に5重量%程度が最適であり、炭酸ナトリウムおよび/または炭酸カリウムの添加量は、食肉に対し0.1乃至0.2重量%が好ましく、特に炭酸ナトリウム0.1重量%程度が最適である。本発明においては、トレハロースが奏する食肉の脂質の劣化防止作用をも期待することができる。
【0034】
【発明の効果】
本発明に係る食肉のメト化抑制剤メト化抑制食肉および食肉加工食品によれば、冷蔵、冷凍、乾燥時の経時的な変性を抑制することができる。特に、本発明に係る食肉のメト化抑制剤メト化抑制食肉および食肉加工食品によれば、食肉のミオグロビンのメト化を抑制することができる
【0035】
【実施例1】
〔剥きエビに対する効果〕
表1に示す処方の水溶液200重量部に剥きエビ100重量部を4時間浸漬し、その後、水切りを行い、エビの重量を計り、膨潤率を求めた。トレハロースには、本実施例1および後述の実施例2乃至7を通じて、食品級トレハロース粉末(登録商標『トレハ』、純度98%以上、株式会社林原商事販売)を用いた。その後、−30℃にて24時間凍結を行い、その際のたんぱく質の変性の程度を肉眼で評価した。なお、膨潤率は、式1により求めた。官能評価は、表2に示す5点法により行った。試験結果を表3に示す。
【0036】
【表1】

Figure 0004391029
【0037】
【式1】
Figure 0004391029
【0038】
【表2】
Figure 0004391029
【0039】
【表3】
Figure 0004391029
【0040】
表3から、試験区−1,2では、対照区に比べて、ドリップが防止され、膨潤度が高いことがわかる。
【0041】
【実施例2】
〔ペルーイカに対する効果〕
冷凍ペルーイカを解凍後、耳、足を裁断し、かごに入れて表4に示す処方の水溶液に10時間浸漬した後、水切りを行い、その後24時間凍結を行った。24時間凍結後、解凍し、加熱を行い、食感について官能評価を行った。また、その際の加熱後のドリップの出方について肉眼的な観察で評価を行った。評価は、フライパンにて焼いた際の加熱後のドリップについての評価を肉眼的に行うと共に、食感、味について官能試験により行った。試験結果を表5に示す。
【0042】
【表4】
Figure 0004391029
【0043】
【表5】
Figure 0004391029
【0044】
表5から、試験区−1,2では、対照区に比べて、ドリップが抑制され、食感が柔らかく、えぐみが弱まって味が改善されることがわかる。
【0045】
【実施例3】
〔タラ白子に対する効果〕
市販のスケソウダラ白子に対して、表6に示す処方でトレハロ−ス、トレハロ−ス+炭酸Naをまぶした後、室温にて15分放置後、ー30℃の冷凍庫にて凍結した。明ばんと併用する場合には、スケソウダラ白子を5%明ばんに10秒間浸漬後、同様の操作を行った。効果の確認については、24、96、360時間凍結後、解凍し、効果の確認を行った。効果の確認は、pH測定、歩留り率の測定、官能検査により行った。
【0046】
pH測定は、白子10gに対して水90gを加え、ホモジナイズを行い、pHメーターにて測定することにより行った。歩留まり率の測定は、凍結前の重量と解凍後の重量を測定し、凍結による乾燥減量を測定して行った。歩留まり率は、式2により求めた。官能検査は、解凍後の白子について3%食塩水にて1分間ボイルを行い、冷却後に行った。官能検査は、外観、色、味、香り、食感について下記に示す評価基準にてパネル5名にて行い、その平均値を取り評価した。評価は、(良い:+1、普通:0、悪い:−1)で示した。白子の凍結貯蔵中のpH測定結果を表7に、白子の凍結貯蔵後の歩留まり量の経時変化を表8に、白子の官能評価を表9に示す。
【0047】
【表6】
Figure 0004391029
【0048】
【式2】
Figure 0004391029
【0049】
【表7】
Figure 0004391029
【0050】
【表8】
Figure 0004391029
【0051】
【表9】
Figure 0004391029
【0052】
表8から、特に、試験区−(4)および(8)では、対照区に比べて、ドリップが抑制されることがわかる。表9から、特に、試験区−(4)では、対照区に比べて、外観、色、味、香り、食感に対する官能評価が高いことがわかる。
【0053】
【実施例4】
〔ヨーロッパ産マダラ白子に対する効果〕
マダラの白子に対して、表10に示す処方でトレハロ−ス、トレハロ−ス+炭酸Naをまぶした後、ー30℃の冷凍庫にて凍結した。明ばんと併用する場合には、それぞれの処理を施す前後に処理を行った。凍結後、効果の確認を行った。効果の確認は、たんぱく質の変性度の測定、pHの測定および官能検査により行った。たんぱく質の変性度の測定については、まず、白子10gに対して3%食塩水90gを加え、ホモジナイズ処理を行った。その後、200mlメスシリンダーに分注し、5℃の冷蔵庫にて一晩放置後、その上澄み液の濁度を610nmにて測定して求めた。
【0054】
pHの測定は、白子10gに対して3%食塩水90gを加え、ホモジナイズ処理を行った溶液のpHをpH測定器にて測定して行った。官能検査は、パネル5名により、解凍後の白子を煮物用調味液を加えて20分間加熱を行い、冷却後、外観(色の程度)、食感について5点評点法にて評価することにより行った。評価は、官能的に良好と判断される検体の上位3位までの順位付けを行うことにより行った。表11に評価基準表を示す。白子たんぱく質の変性度合、白子のpHの測定結果(凍結後90日)を表12に示す。白子の官能評価結果(凍結貯蔵後90日、パネル5名)を表13に示す。
【0055】
【表10】
Figure 0004391029
【0056】
【表11】
Figure 0004391029
【0057】
【表12】
Figure 0004391029
【0058】
【表13】
Figure 0004391029
【0059】
表12から、特に、試験区−(8)では、対照区に比べて、濁度が小さいことがわかる。表13から、特に、試験区−(2)、(3)、(9)では、対照区に比べて、色、食感、口溶けなどの官能評価が高いことがわかる。
【0060】
【実施例5】
〔マグロの心臓に対する効果〕
マグロの心臓の重量に対して、表14に示す処方で、トレハロース+炭酸Na、トレハロースの溶液をそれぞれ等量部加え、冷蔵庫(5℃)にて17時間浸漬後、−30℃の冷凍庫にて凍結保存した。なお、いずれの試験区も前処理として流水洗滌を30秒間行った。凍結保存後、官能評価、色調の測定およびpH測定を行った。官能評価は、各処理を施した凍結貯蔵後(120日)のマグロの心臓を解凍後、マグロの心臓,浸漬液の色調を肉眼的に観察することにより行った。官能評価基準は、3.0:極めて鮮紅色が強い、2.0:やや黒ずんだ赤色、1.0:黒ずんだ色(赤色感がない)とした。
【0061】
また、ミオグロビンの酸化状況について分光光度計にて最大吸収値を示す波長を調べた。色調の測定は、凍結後の侵漬液の色調を、色調測定器(ミノルタ製のデータ.プロセッサDP−300)を用いてL値、a値、b値を測定して行った(L値:白色度の値を示す、a値:赤色度の値を示す、b値:緑色度の値を示す。)。pH測定は、浸漬液およびマグロの心臓について行った。マグロの心臓のpHは、心臓10gを精秤し、水90mlを加えてホモジナイズした後の溶液ついて測定した。さらに、凍結後のマグロの心臓の重量、浸漬量について、マグロの心臓の重量、浸漬液の量で測定した。それらの結果を表15に示す。
【0062】
【表14】
Figure 0004391029
【0063】
【表15】
Figure 0004391029
【0064】
実施例5において、ミオグロビンの酸化状況について調べた結果、トレハロース+炭酸Na使用区は、浸漬溶液の最大吸収値が未処理区に比べて長波長に位置し、マグロの肉色が赤色を維持していることが確認された。この現象がpH効果によるものか、トレハロース+炭酸Naとの併用により特異的な現象としてみられたのかを検討した。
【0065】
【実施例6】
〔マグロの心臓に対する効果〕
マグロの心臓の重量に対して、表16に示す処方で、トレハロース+炭酸Na、トレハロースの溶液をそれぞれ等量部加えて、冷蔵庫(5℃)にて17時間浸漬後、−30℃の冷凍庫にて凍結保存した。なお、いずれの試験区も前処理として流水洗滌を30秒間行った。その後、ミオグロビンの酸化状況の確認を行った。ミオグロビンの酸化状況の確認は、各浸漬液を3000×gで20分遠心処理後、酸剤として0.1N塩酸、10重量%乳酸を用い、アルカリ剤として、0.1N苛性ソーダ、10%炭酸Naを用いて、所定のpHに調整し、その後、分光光度計にて最大吸収値の波長を調べて行った。アルカリ剤、酸剤にてpHを調整した場合の各検体区の最大吸収値(nm)を表17に示す。
【0066】
表17に示すように、対照区、トレハロース5%区ではpHをアルカリ側に調整しても最大吸収値の波長は長波長にシフトせず、マグロの肉色が赤色を維持する現象が単なるpH効果によるものではないことが解った。すなわち、トレハロースと炭酸Naの併用処理を凍結前に施すことにより、メト化の抑制が可能であることが解った。この現象は、pHを酸性側にシフトさせても、いったんメト化を抑制すれば、赤色の程度が低下することはなく、無機酸、有機酸に関係なく色調の安定を保つ結果を示した。
【0067】
【表16】
Figure 0004391029
【0068】
【表17】
Figure 0004391029
【0069】
【実施例7】
〔切り身に対する効果〕
表18に示す処方の水溶液のpHを、10%炭酸Naで6.5乃至11.0の範囲に調整し、浸漬液とした。本浸漬液に、ブリ、タラの切り身を5℃で2時間、(切り身:浸漬液=1:1)の比率で浸漬した後、水切りを行い、−20℃にて2週間凍結を行った。その後、常温にて解凍を行い、各切り身の歩留まり量の測定ならびに官能評価により、効果の確認を行った。
【0070】
歩留まり量の測定は、各試験区にて処理した切り身の歩留まり量を生の切り身の重量(A)とし、各浸漬液にて処理後、凍結(−20℃:2週間)した後、常温にて解凍した時の重量(B)との差を求めることにより行った。官能評価は、各試験区にて処理した切り身(3ケ)を常温解凍後、フィッシュロースター(株式会社イワタニ製フィッシュロースターIFR−130:両面焼きグリル)にて8分間焼成し、次に、60分冷却したものについて行った。官能評価は、パネル5名にて塩味、食感、外観、臭い、総合評価(好み)について7段階評価法にて行い、その平均値にて結果を求めた。評価基準を表19に示す。浸漬液pHとトレハロースの影響の結果を表20に示す。
【0071】
【表18】
Figure 0004391029
【0072】
【表19】
Figure 0004391029
【0073】
【表20】
Figure 0004391029
【0074】
表12から、試験区−(3),(4),(5)では、生、試験区−(1),(2)に比べて、歩留り率が良好で、官能評価が高いことがわかる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an agent for inhibiting methation of meat such as seafood and poultry, meat , methation-inhibited meat, and processed meat food.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Food preservation and storage methods include refrigeration, freezing and drying. However, each of these methods has advantages and disadvantages. In other words, the refrigeration method cannot withstand long-term storage of food, and cannot completely prevent the growth of microorganisms, deterioration of food, deterioration, and the like. The food storage method can withstand long-term storage, but the current situation is that the food cannot be completely denatured, altered or discolored. The drying method has a problem that even if it can withstand long-term storage, it cannot suppress deterioration of quality, particularly oil burn (oxidation or deterioration of lipid).
[0003]
Seafood includes vertebrates (tuna, mackerel, red sea bream, etc.), molluscs (squid, octopus, etc.), arthropods (shrimp, etc.), crustaceans (crabs, etc.), crustaceans (sea urchins, sea cucumbers, etc.) and Shellfish (scallops, oysters, etc.). Examples of seafood-derived food include tarako, kazunoko, how much, streaks, white cat, heart, intestine, and shark fin. Birds and animals include birds such as chickens, turkeys, ducks, pheasants, and quails, and meats derived from animals such as cows, pigs, horses, and sheep. Refrigeration, freezing, and drying methods are employed for long-term preservation and storage of foods derived from seafood or poultry.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the conventional methods, various measures are taken because the modification and discoloration of food cannot be completely suppressed. By the way, in order to keep meat color in tuna, methods such as removing oxygen to suppress auto-oxidation of myoglobin or holding oxymyoglobin in high concentration oxygen packaging, etc. are used. Yes. Mollusk squids and octopuses have strong freezing tolerance, but there is a decrease in quality due to freezing and burning, and depending on the type of squid, there are some that need to remove off-flavors.
[0005]
Furthermore, the cause of discoloration includes a problem due to adhesion of hemocyanin. In arthropod shrimp, the flesh has a high pH and a high water content, so the flesh is flexible and the tissue is weak. Dehydration promotes protein denaturation. Crustacean crabs have problems such as suppression of blackening during thawing and freezing, and poor meat removal after boiling of fresh frozen products. Crustacean sea urchins lose their bodies due to freezing, and sea cucumbers have a phenomenon of elution of pigments when pickled, and a poor yield when dried sea cucumbers.
[0006]
Furthermore, in shellfish, scallops and the like are associated with problems such as maintaining freshness in refrigerated products, oxidation of lipids in dried products, and browning of white dried products. In addition, fish eggs (Tarako, Kazunoko, Ikura, Sujiko, etc.), fish viscera, heart, intestine, etc., which are derived from fish, are markedly affected by degeneration, discoloration and lipid oxidation caused by refrigeration and freezing. The result is a loss of value.
[0007]
In the past studies, in general, methods for inhibiting denaturation during refrigeration, freezing, and drying of fish have not been established. Regarding food discoloration, in order to keep the bright red color of tuna heme protein myoglobin, we have only been able to solve the problem by introducing quick freezing technology, so far we have not been able to see the development of innovative technology. It was.
[0008]
Examples of such conventional methods for suppressing the modification of fish and shellfish include, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-29085, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-287617, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-41573, Japanese Patent No. 2684561, and Japanese Patent No. 3083821. There is what is shown in the publication.
[0009]
By the way, as an invention of the present inventors, there is an invention of “a protein denaturation inhibitor, a crushed meat in which freezing denaturation is inhibited, a method for producing the same, and a method for producing a kneaded product” as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-262252. In the invention, trehalose widely used in mushrooms, which is a member of the same disaccharides as sugar and maltose, is used. In recent years, trehalose has been widely used in the food field as a good-quality sweet sugar because high-purity trehalose can be produced in large quantities at low cost using starch as a raw material.
[0010]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have further advanced the above invention and focused on the fact that the functional sugar trehalose has a starch denaturation inhibitory effect, a protein denaturation inhibitory effect, and a lipid degradation inhibitory effect. The combination of trehalose with inorganic salts, organic acids, and seasonings confirmed that it has the effect of improving the freezing resistance and yield of peeled shrimps. In addition, in mollusk squids, for example, peruvian squid, it was confirmed that soaking and sour were removed by soaking in a solution of trehalose and sodium carbonate, and that this effect was increased by combined use with seasonings. .
[0011]
In the cod roe that is a fish-derived food, it was confirmed that the combined use of trehalose and sodium carbonate had a freezing denaturation inhibitory effect and a discoloration inhibitory effect. Regarding the discoloration of tuna heart, it was confirmed that the combined use of trehalose and sodium carbonate suppresses the oxidation of myoglobin and also has the effect of inhibiting the freezing denaturation of heme protein.
[0012]
Thus, the present inventors screened various sugars, inorganic salts, and organic acids to suppress the temporal denaturation and discoloration of various fish during refrigeration, freezing, and drying with a combination of trehalose and various alkali salts. Established a method. According to the present invention, the combined use with trehalose, inorganic salts, organic acids and various seasonings can suppress time-dependent denaturation and discoloration during refrigeration, freezing and drying of various fish and fish-derived foods, Furthermore, a juicy texture can also be maintained in terms of taste when processing cooking such as baking, boiling, and frying.
[0013]
The present invention has been made paying attention to such conventional problems, and is a meat methification inhibitor , methification-inhibited meat, and meat processing capable of suppressing aging, freezing, and time-dependent denaturation during drying. The purpose is to provide food.
[0014]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
To achieve the above object, the meat methation inhibitor according to the present invention comprises trehalose and 0.05 to 10 times by weight sodium carbonate and / or potassium carbonate with respect to trehalose. To do. It is preferable that the meat methetization inhibitor according to the present invention further contains organic acids and / or salt .
[0015]
The meat discoloration inhibitor of the related art of the present invention is characterized by containing trehalose and an inorganic salt in an amount of 0.05 to 10 times by weight with respect to trehalose. The meat discoloration inhibitor of the related art of the present invention preferably further contains an organic acid.
[0017]
The meat taste improving agent of the related art of the present invention includes sorbitol, trehalose or a combination thereof with other sugars and / or seasonings, and a pH adjuster capable of adjusting the pH of the meat to the alkali side. It is characterized by that.
[0018]
The method for suppressing methation of meat according to the related art of the present invention is characterized in that 1 to 20% by weight of trehalose and 0.01 to 10% by weight of an inorganic salt are added to raw or dried meat. In the method for suppressing methation of meat according to the related art of the present invention , it is preferable to add 1 to 20% by weight of trehalose and 0.01 to 10% by weight of inorganic salt and organic acid to raw or dried meat. . In the method for inhibiting meat methation of the related art of the present invention , it is preferable to refrigerate, freeze or dry the meat after adding the inorganic salt, inorganic salt or organic acid.
[0019]
The method for suppressing discoloration of meat according to the related art of the present invention is characterized in that 1 to 20% by weight of trehalose and 0.01 to 10% by weight of inorganic salt are added to raw or dried meat. In the method for suppressing discoloration of meat according to the related art of the present invention , it is preferable to add 1 to 20% by weight of trehalose and 0.01 to 10% by weight of inorganic salts and organic acids to raw or dried meat. The meat discoloration suppressing method according to the related art of the present invention is preferably refrigerated, frozen or dried after addition of inorganic salt, inorganic salt or organic acid.
[0020]
The methation-inhibiting meat according to the present invention is characterized by containing the aforementioned meat methionization-inhibiting agent according to the present invention. It is preferable that the methation-inhibiting meat according to the present invention further includes a high-intensity sweetener and / or a seasoning. Discoloration suppression meat related art of the present invention is characterized by containing a discoloration inhibitor meat related art of the invention described above. It is preferable that the discoloration suppression meat of the related art of the present invention further includes a high-intensity sweetener and / or a seasoning. The processed meat food according to the present invention is characterized in that it is obtained by processing the above-mentioned methation-inhibited meat according to the present invention.
[0021]
Taste improver meat related art of the present invention is characterized by containing a taste improver meat related art of the invention described above. Taste improver meat related art of the present invention, for example, formed by a taste improver meat related art of the present invention described above is contained in mollusk.
[0022]
Methemoglobin inhibitors meat according to the present invention, methemoglobin suppression method, discoloration inhibitors of the related art of the present invention, taste improver, discoloration suppression method is particularly and shrimp-squid, fish milt, heart, etc. It is effective for the internal organs and fillets.
[0023]
In the present invention, the inorganic salt is preferably sodium carbonate and / or potassium carbonate.
In the present invention, “raw chunk meat” means raw meat other than crushed meat, and may be internal organs or fillets in addition to raw meat that has not been cut.
In this specification, “organic acids” means organic acids, alkali metal salts or alkaline earth metal salts thereof. Organic acids include saturated dicarboxylic acids such as succinic acid and sodium succinate, oxycarboxylic acids such as malic acid and sodium malate, oxytricarboxylic acids such as citric acid and sodium citrate, oxymonocarboxylic acids such as lactic acid and sodium lactate Acids, polyoxymonocarboxylic acids such as gluconic acid and sodium gluconate, and amino acids such as aspartic acid, aspartic acid Na, glutamic acid, and glutamic acid Na can be used.
[0024]
In the present invention, as long as the pH adjusting agent can be adjusted to the alkali side from the original pH, the adjusted pH may be acidic, but desirably, the adjusted pH exceeds 7 and exceeds 10 It is preferred that the alkalinity is less than, desirably more than 7.5 and less than 9.5.
[0025]
In the present invention, the other saccharide may be, for example, a reducing sugar such as glucose, maltose, lactose, or fructose, or a non-reducing sugar such as sugar (sucrose) or raffinose. Sugar alcohols such as lactitol and maltitol may be used. However, trehalose is particularly preferable as the saccharide used in the present invention, and sorbit or a combination of sorbit and trehalose is also preferable, but from the viewpoint of production cost, a combination of trehalose and sorbit and / or sugar is preferable.
[0026]
For trehalose, α and α forms are preferably used. Trehalose exhibits a protein denaturation inhibitory effect and can be advantageously used in the present invention. As long as trehalose is contained in an effective amount as a whole, its preparation method, properties and purity are not limited. Trehalose can be prepared in various ways.
[0027]
Since the present invention is not related to the preparation of trehalose, a detailed description will be omitted. However, if economics are a problem, Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 7-143876, 7-213283, and 7-322883 are disclosed. No. 7, JP-A-7-298880, JP-A-8-66187, JP-A-8-66188, JP-A-8-336388, and JP-A-8-84586. A method in which a reducing saccharide-forming enzyme and trehalose-releasing enzyme are allowed to act on a partial starch hydrolyzate is preferable. According to this method, α, α form of trehalose can be obtained in high yield from starch, which is an inexpensive material. By the way, as a commercial product prepared by such a method, food grade trehalose powder (registered trademark “Treha”, purity 98% or more, sold by Hayashibara Corporation) and food grade trehalose syrup (registered trademark “Treha Star”, purity) More than 28%, Hayashibara Shoji Sales Co., Ltd.).
[0028]
The α and α isomers of trehalose are caused to act on, for example, maltose / trehalose converting enzyme described in any of JP-A-7-170977, JP-A-8-263, and JP-A-8-149980. Alternatively, it can also be obtained by acting a combination of known maltose phosphorylase and trehalose phosphorylase.
[0029]
In the present invention, trehalose does not necessarily have to be isolated, and the form as an unseparated composition with other saccharides peculiar to the preparation method, or in a range not departing from the object of the present invention, It may be in the form of a mixture with other appropriate substances. The pH adjuster may be an inorganic salt or an organic acid salt, but is preferably an inorganic salt such as carbonate, particularly sodium carbonate and / or potassium carbonate. In this case, it is preferable that sodium carbonate and / or potassium carbonate is contained in a range of 0.05% by weight to 10 times by weight with respect to the weight of sorbitol, trehalose or a combination thereof with other carbohydrates. It is particularly preferable that it be contained in the range of 5% by weight. In the present invention, the high-intensity sweetener means a sweetener having a sweetness higher than that of sorbitol or trehalose. For example, sugar is preferably used. In the present invention, the dried meat may be salt-dried or dried overnight.
[0030]
Methemoglobin inhibitors meat according to the present invention, methemoglobin suppression meat, processed meat foods, discoloration inhibitors of the related art of the present invention, taste improver, discoloration inhibiting meat and quality of taste improvements meat, further contain an emulsifier Good. The emulsifier is preferably a sucrose fatty acid ester. The emulsifier is preferably contained in the range of 10% by weight to 10 times the weight of the pH adjuster, and particularly preferably contained in the range of an equivalent amount to 2 times the weight. The emulsifier has the effect of suppressing freezing denaturation by suppressing the formation of ice crystals.
[0031]
Moreover, methemoglobin inhibitors meat according to the present invention, methemoglobin suppression meat, processed meat foods, discoloration inhibitors of the related art of the present invention, taste improver, discoloration inhibiting meat and quality of taste improvements meat, glycosides Sweeteners may be included. As the glycoside sweetener, for example, sodium glycyrrhizinate, licorice extract, stevia sweetener and the like can be used. Glycoside sweeteners are used mainly for the purpose of taking salty salt cadmium exhibited by pH adjusters, and are also used for the purpose of sweetening and emulsifying stability .
[0032]
Methemoglobin inhibitors meat according to the present invention, methemoglobin suppression meat, processed meat foods, discoloration inhibitors of the related art of the present invention, taste improver, discoloration inhibiting meat and quality of taste improvements meat, yet other additives As, for example, starch such as corn starch, sweet potato starch, potato starch, wheat starch, barley starch, seasonings such as sodium glutamate, salt, preservatives such as sorbic acid, emulsifiers such as sucrose fatty acid ester, sodium glycyrrhizinate In addition, glycoside sweeteners such as licorice extract and stevia sweetener, and, if necessary, one or more additives such as coloring agents and flavoring agents may be contained. The emulsifier is preferably contained in the range of 0.01 to 1% by weight with respect to the meat, particularly preferably in the range of 0.1 to 0.2% by weight.
[0033]
In the method for inhibiting mettolation and the method for inhibiting discoloration of the related art of the present invention, 1 to 20% by weight of trehalose and 0.01 to 10% by weight of inorganic salt or inorganic salt or organic acid are added to raw or dried meat. When sodium carbonate and / or potassium carbonate is used as the inorganic salt, the amount of trehalose added is most preferably about 5% by weight based on meat, and the amount of sodium carbonate and / or potassium carbonate added is meat. The content is preferably 0.1 to 0.2% by weight, particularly about 0.1% by weight of sodium carbonate. In the present invention, it is also possible to expect the action of trehalose to prevent the deterioration of meat lipids.
[0034]
【The invention's effect】
According to the meat methation-inhibiting agent , the methation-inhibiting meat, and the processed meat food according to the present invention, it is possible to suppress the temporal denaturation during refrigeration, freezing, and drying. In particular, according to the meat methionization inhibitor , the methation-suppressed meat, and the processed meat food according to the present invention, it is possible to suppress methation of myoglobin in the meat .
[0035]
[Example 1]
[Effects against peeled shrimp]
100 parts by weight of shrimp were peeled off in 200 parts by weight of an aqueous solution having the formulation shown in Table 1 for 4 hours, and then drained, and the weight of shrimp was measured to determine the swelling rate. As the trehalose, food grade trehalose powder (registered trademark “Treha”, purity of 98% or more, sold by Hayashibara Shoji Co., Ltd.) was used in Example 1 and Examples 2 to 7 described later. Thereafter, freezing was performed at −30 ° C. for 24 hours, and the degree of protein denaturation at that time was evaluated with the naked eye. In addition, the swelling rate was calculated | required by Formula 1. The sensory evaluation was performed by the 5-point method shown in Table 2. The test results are shown in Table 3.
[0036]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004391029
[0037]
[Formula 1]
Figure 0004391029
[0038]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004391029
[0039]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004391029
[0040]
From Table 3, it can be seen that in test groups-1 and 2, drip is prevented and the degree of swelling is higher than in the control group.
[0041]
[Example 2]
[Effects on Peruvian Squid]
After thawing frozen peruvian squid, the ears and feet were cut, placed in a basket and immersed in an aqueous solution of the formulation shown in Table 4 for 10 hours, drained, and then frozen for 24 hours. After freezing for 24 hours, it was thawed, heated, and sensory evaluation was performed on the texture. In addition, the appearance of the drip after heating was evaluated by visual observation. The evaluation was performed macroscopically on the drip after heating when baked in a frying pan, and also by a sensory test on the texture and taste. The test results are shown in Table 5.
[0042]
[Table 4]
Figure 0004391029
[0043]
[Table 5]
Figure 0004391029
[0044]
From Table 5, it can be seen that in the test groups-1 and 2, the drip is suppressed, the texture is soft, the taste is weakened and the taste is improved as compared with the control group.
[0045]
[Example 3]
[Effects on cod roe]
The commercially available Alaska pollock was coated with trehalose, trehalose and sodium carbonate according to the formulation shown in Table 6, and allowed to stand at room temperature for 15 minutes, and then frozen in a -30 ° C freezer. In the case of using together with alum, the same operation was carried out after dipping the pollen of Spodoptera in 5% alum for 10 seconds. About confirmation of the effect, it thawed after freezing for 24, 96, 360 hours, and the effect was confirmed. The effect was confirmed by pH measurement, yield rate measurement, and sensory test.
[0046]
The pH was measured by adding 90 g of water to 10 g of white child, homogenizing, and measuring with a pH meter. The yield rate was measured by measuring the weight before freezing and the weight after thawing, and measuring the loss on drying due to freezing. The yield rate was obtained from Equation 2. The sensory test was carried out after boiling after the thawed baby had been boiled with 3% saline for 1 minute. The sensory test was carried out by five panelists based on the evaluation criteria shown below for appearance, color, taste, fragrance, and texture, and the average values were evaluated. The evaluation is indicated by (good: +1, normal: 0, bad: -1). Table 7 shows the pH measurement results during freezing storage of baby eggs, Table 8 shows changes over time in the yield after freezing storage of baby eggs, and Table 9 shows sensory evaluation of baby eggs.
[0047]
[Table 6]
Figure 0004391029
[0048]
[Formula 2]
Figure 0004391029
[0049]
[Table 7]
Figure 0004391029
[0050]
[Table 8]
Figure 0004391029
[0051]
[Table 9]
Figure 0004391029
[0052]
From Table 8, it can be seen that drip is suppressed particularly in the test groups-(4) and (8) compared to the control group. From Table 9, it can be seen that test group- (4) has higher sensory evaluation on appearance, color, taste, fragrance, and texture than test group.
[0053]
[Example 4]
[Effects on European spotted white sardines]
Spotted white moths were coated with trehalose, trehaloth + Na carbonate in the formulation shown in Table 10, and then frozen in a −30 ° C. freezer. When used together with alum, the treatment was performed before and after each treatment. The effect was confirmed after freezing. The effect was confirmed by measuring the degree of protein denaturation, measuring pH, and sensory test. Regarding the measurement of the degree of protein denaturation, first, 90 g of 3% saline was added to 10 g of the baby eggs and homogenized. Thereafter, the solution was dispensed into a 200 ml graduated cylinder and allowed to stand in a refrigerator at 5 ° C. overnight, and then the turbidity of the supernatant was measured at 610 nm.
[0054]
The measurement of pH was performed by adding 90 g of 3% saline to 10 g of white child and measuring the pH of the solution subjected to the homogenization treatment with a pH meter. The sensory test was conducted by 5 panelists, adding the seasoning solution for simmered sautéed fish for 20 minutes, and after cooling, evaluating the appearance (degree of color) and texture with a 5-point scoring system. went. The evaluation was performed by ranking the top three samples that were judged to be sensuously good. Table 11 shows the evaluation criteria table. Table 12 shows the degree of denaturation of white protein and the measurement results of the pH of the white powder (90 days after freezing). Table 13 shows the sensory evaluation results of Shirako (90 days after frozen storage, 5 panelists).
[0055]
[Table 10]
Figure 0004391029
[0056]
[Table 11]
Figure 0004391029
[0057]
[Table 12]
Figure 0004391029
[0058]
[Table 13]
Figure 0004391029
[0059]
From Table 12, it can be seen that the turbidity is smaller in the test group- (8) than in the control group. From Table 13, it can be seen that, particularly in the test groups-(2), (3), and (9), the sensory evaluation such as color, texture, and melting in the mouth is higher than in the control group.
[0060]
[Example 5]
[Effects of tuna on the heart]
Add equal parts of trehalose + Na carbonate and trehalose in the formulation shown in Table 14 to the weight of the tuna heart, soak in a refrigerator (5 ° C) for 17 hours, and then in a freezer at -30 ° C. Cryopreserved. In each test section, running water was washed for 30 seconds as a pretreatment. After cryopreservation, sensory evaluation, color tone measurement, and pH measurement were performed. The sensory evaluation was performed by observing the color of the tuna heart and the immersion liquid visually after thawing the tuna heart after freezing storage (120 days) after each treatment. The sensory evaluation criteria were 3.0: extremely bright red, 2.0: slightly dark red, 1.0: dark black (no redness).
[0061]
Moreover, the wavelength which shows the maximum absorption value was investigated with the spectrophotometer about the oxidation condition of myoglobin. The color tone was measured by measuring the color tone of the immersion liquid after freezing by measuring the L value, a value, and b value using a color tone measuring device (data manufactured by Minolta, processor DP-300) (L value: white). A value indicating a degree value, a value indicating a redness value, b value indicating a greenness value). The pH measurements were made on immersion fluid and tuna heart. The pH of the tuna heart was measured on the solution after 10 g of the heart was accurately weighed and homogenized by adding 90 ml of water. Further, the weight and immersion amount of tuna heart after freezing were measured by the weight of tuna heart and the amount of immersion liquid. The results are shown in Table 15.
[0062]
[Table 14]
Figure 0004391029
[0063]
[Table 15]
Figure 0004391029
[0064]
In Example 5, as a result of examining the oxidation state of myoglobin, the trehalose + Na carbonate use group had a maximum absorption value of the immersion solution located at a longer wavelength than the untreated group, and the flesh color of tuna maintained red. It was confirmed that It was investigated whether this phenomenon was due to the pH effect or was seen as a specific phenomenon by the combined use of trehalose + Na carbonate.
[0065]
[Example 6]
[Effects of tuna on the heart]
Add equal parts each of trehalose + sodium carbonate and trehalose solutions to the weight of tuna heart and soak in a refrigerator (5 ° C) for 17 hours, then put in a freezer at -30 ° C. And stored frozen. In all the test sections, running water was washed as a pretreatment for 30 seconds. Then, the oxidation state of myoglobin was confirmed. Confirmation of the oxidation state of myoglobin was performed by centrifuging each immersion solution at 3000 × g for 20 minutes, using 0.1N hydrochloric acid, 10% by weight lactic acid as the acid agent, 0.1N caustic soda, 10% sodium carbonate as the alkali agent. Was adjusted to a predetermined pH, and then the wavelength of the maximum absorption value was examined with a spectrophotometer. Table 17 shows the maximum absorption value (nm) of each sample group when the pH was adjusted with an alkaline agent and an acid agent.
[0066]
As shown in Table 17, in the control group and the trehalose 5% group, even when the pH is adjusted to the alkali side, the wavelength of the maximum absorption value does not shift to a long wavelength, and the phenomenon that the flesh color of tuna remains red is merely a pH effect. I understood that it was not. That is, it was found that methation can be suppressed by performing a combined treatment of trehalose and sodium carbonate before freezing. This phenomenon shows that even if the pH is shifted to the acidic side, once the methation is suppressed, the degree of red color does not decrease, and the color tone is kept stable regardless of the inorganic acid or organic acid.
[0067]
[Table 16]
Figure 0004391029
[0068]
[Table 17]
Figure 0004391029
[0069]
[Example 7]
[Effect on fillet]
The pH of the aqueous solution having the formulation shown in Table 18 was adjusted to a range of 6.5 to 11.0 with 10% sodium carbonate to obtain an immersion liquid. In this immersion liquid, slices of yellowtail and cod were immersed at a ratio of (fillet: immersion liquid = 1: 1) at 5 ° C. for 2 hours, then drained, and frozen at −20 ° C. for 2 weeks. Then, it thawed at normal temperature, and the effect was confirmed by measuring the yield amount of each fillet and sensory evaluation.
[0070]
Yield amount is measured by setting the yield amount of the fillet treated in each test section as the weight of raw fillet (A), treating with each immersion liquid, freezing (−20 ° C .: 2 weeks), and then at room temperature. This was done by determining the difference from the weight (B) when thawed. For sensory evaluation, the slices (3 pieces) treated in each test section were thawed at room temperature, then baked with fish roaster (fish roaster IFR-130 manufactured by Iwatani Corporation) for 8 minutes, and then for 60 minutes. It went about what was cooled. The sensory evaluation was performed by five panelists using a seven-step evaluation method for saltiness, texture, appearance, smell, and overall evaluation (preference), and the average value was used to obtain the result. Table 19 shows the evaluation criteria. The results of the effects of the immersion liquid pH and trehalose are shown in Table 20.
[0071]
[Table 18]
Figure 0004391029
[0072]
[Table 19]
Figure 0004391029
[0073]
[Table 20]
Figure 0004391029
[0074]
From Table 12, it can be seen that in the test plots- (3), (4), and (5), the yield rate is good and the sensory evaluation is high compared to the raw test plots- (1) and (2).

Claims (9)

トレハロースと、トレハロースに対し0.05重量%乃至10倍重量の炭酸ナトリウムおよび/または炭酸カリウムとを含むことを特徴とする食肉のメト化抑制剤。A meat methation inhibitor comprising trehalose and sodium carbonate and / or potassium carbonate in an amount of 0.05 to 10 times by weight with respect to trehalose. 有機酸類および/または食塩をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1記載の食肉のメト化抑制剤。The meat methoylation inhibitor according to claim 1, further comprising organic acids and / or salt . 請求項1または2記載の食肉のメト化抑制剤を含有することを特徴とするメト化抑制食肉。A methation-inhibiting meat comprising the meat methation-inhibiting agent according to claim 1 or 2. 高甘味度甘味料および/または調味料をさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項記載のメト化抑制食肉。The methation-inhibited meat according to claim 3 , further comprising a high-intensity sweetener and / or a seasoning. 請求項または記載のメト化抑制食肉を加工して成ることを特徴とする食肉加工食品。A processed meat product characterized by processing the methation-inhibited meat according to claim 3 or 4 . 請求項1または2記載の食肉のメト化抑制剤含む水溶液に魚介類を浸漬することを特徴とする魚介類の加工方法。A method for processing seafood, comprising immersing the seafood in an aqueous solution containing the meat methation inhibitor according to claim 1 or 2 . 前記水溶液がトレハロース、炭酸ナトリウムおよび食塩を含むことを特徴とする請求項記載の魚介類の加工方法。The method for processing fish and shellfish according to claim 6 , wherein the aqueous solution contains trehalose, sodium carbonate, and sodium chloride. 前記水溶液がpH7.5を越え9.5未満の水溶液であることを特徴とする請求項記載の魚介類の加工方法。The method for processing fish and shellfish according to claim 6, wherein the aqueous solution is an aqueous solution having a pH of more than 7.5 and less than 9.5. 前記魚介類が、マグロ、サバ、マダイ、ブリ、タラ、イカ、タコ、エビ、カニ、ウニ、ナマコ、ホタテ、カキ、タラコ、かずのこ、いくら、すじこ、白子またはフカヒレであることを特徴とする請求項6、7または記載の魚介類の加工方法。The said seafood is tuna, mackerel, red sea bream, yellowtail, cod, squid, octopus, shrimp, crab, sea urchin, sea cucumber, scallop, oyster, octopus, kazuko, how much, streaks, whitefish or shark fin Item 9. A method for processing seafood according to item 7, 7 or 8 .
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