JP4386253B2

JP4386253B2 - Pantograph device

Info

Publication number: JP4386253B2
Application number: JP2003279614A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 功成瀬; 一博吉澤; 康喜中倉; 敏男四釜; 健一糟谷; 潤一藤原
Original assignee: Central Japan Railway Co; Koshin Seikosho Ltd
Current assignee: Central Japan Railway Co; Koshin Seikosho Ltd
Priority date: 2003-02-18
Filing date: 2003-07-25
Publication date: 2009-12-16
Anticipated expiration: 2023-07-25
Also published as: JP2004274986A

Description

この発明は、架線から電力を取り入れる為、新幹線等、高速で運転する鉄道車両の屋根上に設置した状態で使用する、パンタグラフ装置の改良に関する。 The present invention relates to an improvement of a pantograph device that is used in a state of being installed on a roof of a railway vehicle that operates at a high speed, such as a Shinkansen, in order to take in electric power from an overhead line.

鉄道車両の屋根の上方にはパンタグラフ装置を介して集電舟を支持し、架線から電力を取り入れる様にしている。即ち、この集電舟の上面に支持した、燒結金属等の導電材製の摺り板を架線の下縁に向け弾性的に押し付け、この架線から車両に電気を取り入れる様にしている。この様なパンタグラフ装置のうち、新幹線等の高速鉄道車両に使用するものは、運転時に発生する気流騒音の低減を考慮して、在来線に使用していた菱形構造のものとは異なる構造の、所謂シングルアーム構造のものを使用している。 A current collector boat is supported above the roof of the railway vehicle via a pantograph device so that power is taken in from the overhead line. That is, a sliding plate made of a conductive material such as sintered metal supported on the upper surface of the current collector boat is elastically pressed toward the lower edge of the overhead wire, and electricity is taken into the vehicle from this overhead wire. Among such pantograph devices, those used for high-speed rail vehicles such as Shinkansen have a structure different from that of the rhombus structure used for conventional lines in consideration of reduction of airflow noise generated during operation. A so-called single arm structure is used.

この様に気流騒音の低減を考慮したシングルアーム構造のパンタグラフ装置として、特許文献１や非特許文献１に記載されたものが知られている。図１６〜１９は、これら特許文献１及び非特許文献１に記載されたパンタグラフ装置１を示している。このパンタグラフ装置１は、台枠２の上面に、請求項３に記載した第一の横軸である揺動支持軸３を、車両の幅方向に亙って設けている。そして、この揺動支持軸３の中間部に、下枠４の基端部（下端部）を固定している。従ってこの下枠４は、この揺動支持軸３を中心として起伏する。又、この下枠４の先端部（上端部）に、請求項３に記載した第二の横軸である連結軸５を、上記揺動支持軸３と平行に設けている。そして、この連結軸５により、上枠６の基端部（下端部）を上記下枠４の先端部に、揺動変位自在に結合している。更に、上記上枠６の先端部（上端部）に、集電舟装置７を支持している。そして、上記揺動支持軸３と上記台枠２との間に設けたばね８により、上記下枠４と上枠６とを、図１６に鎖線で示す畳んだ状態から同図に実線で示す状態にまで起立させる方向の弾力を付与している。 As described above, those described in Patent Literature 1 and Non-Patent Literature 1 are known as pantograph devices having a single arm structure in consideration of reduction of airflow noise. 16 to 19 show the pantograph device 1 described in Patent Literature 1 and Non-Patent Literature 1. The pantograph device 1 is provided with a swing support shaft 3, which is a first horizontal axis according to claim 3, on the upper surface of the underframe 2 over the width direction of the vehicle. A base end portion (lower end portion) of the lower frame 4 is fixed to an intermediate portion of the swing support shaft 3. Accordingly, the lower frame 4 undulates around the swing support shaft 3. Further, a connecting shaft 5, which is a second horizontal axis according to claim 3, is provided in parallel to the swing support shaft 3 at the tip (upper end) of the lower frame 4. The connecting shaft 5 connects the base end portion (lower end portion) of the upper frame 6 to the distal end portion of the lower frame 4 so as to be swingably displaceable. Further, a current collecting boat device 7 is supported at the tip (upper end) of the upper frame 6. Then, with the spring 8 provided between the swing support shaft 3 and the frame 2, the lower frame 4 and the upper frame 6 are shown in a solid line in FIG. Elasticity in the direction to stand up to is given.

鉄道車両の走行時に上記集電舟装置７は、屋根面と架線との距離の変化に対応して、上記下枠４と上記上枠６との交差角度を変化させつつ、上記屋根面に対し昇降する。この場合でも、上記集電舟装置７の姿勢を一定として、この集電舟装置７の上面に支持した摺り板９、９と上記架線の下縁との摺接状態が適正に維持される様にしている。この為に、上記下枠４の先端部と上記上枠６の基端部との連結部、並びにこの上枠６の先端部と上記集電舟装置７との連結部には、適宜のリンク機構を設けて、上記下枠４及び上枠６の起伏に拘らず、上記集電舟装置７の姿勢が変化しない様にしている。 When the railway vehicle travels, the current collecting boat device 7 changes the crossing angle between the lower frame 4 and the upper frame 6 in response to a change in the distance between the roof surface and the overhead line, and against the roof surface. Go up and down. Even in this case, the posture of the current collecting boat device 7 is fixed, and the sliding contact state between the sliding plates 9 and 9 supported on the upper surface of the current collecting boat device 7 and the lower edge of the overhead wire is properly maintained. I have to. For this purpose, an appropriate link is provided between the connecting portion between the distal end portion of the lower frame 4 and the proximal end portion of the upper frame 6 and the connecting portion between the distal end portion of the upper frame 6 and the current collector boat device 7. A mechanism is provided so that the posture of the current collecting boat device 7 does not change regardless of the undulation of the lower frame 4 and the upper frame 6.

具体的には、図１９に示す様に、上記上枠６の基端部に釣り合い腕１０の基端部を、この上枠６の基端部から下方に突出する状態で結合固定し、この釣り合い腕１０をこの上枠６と共に、上記連結軸５を中心として揺動する様にしている。又、この釣り合い腕１０の先端部に、請求項３に記載した第三の横軸である釣り合い軸１１を、上記揺動支持軸３及び連結軸５と平行に設け、この釣り合い軸１１に、釣り合い棒１２の先端部（上端部）を、揺動変位自在に支持している。又、この釣り合い棒１２の基端部（下端部）を前記台枠２の上面に、請求項３に記載した第四の横軸であって上記釣り合い軸１１と平行に設けられた下部釣り合い軸１３により、揺動変位自在に支持している。更に、上記集電舟装置７の下面に設けたリンク腕１４の先端部と、上記下枠４の先端部に固定された部分とに、ロッド１５の両端部を揺動変位自在に連結している。 Specifically, as shown in FIG. 19, the base end portion of the counter arm 10 is coupled and fixed to the base end portion of the upper frame 6 so as to protrude downward from the base end portion of the upper frame 6. The counter arm 10 is swung around the connecting shaft 5 together with the upper frame 6. Further, a balance shaft 11, which is the third horizontal axis described in claim 3, is provided at the tip of the balance arm 10 in parallel with the swing support shaft 3 and the connecting shaft 5. The tip part (upper end part) of the counter bar 12 is supported so as to be swingable and displaceable. The lower balance shaft provided in parallel with the balance shaft 11 is the fourth horizontal axis according to claim 3, wherein the base end portion (lower end portion) of the balance rod 12 is the upper surface of the frame 2. 13 is supported so as to be swingable and displaceable. Further, both end portions of the rod 15 are connected to a tip end portion of the link arm 14 provided on the lower surface of the current collecting boat device 7 and a portion fixed to the tip end portion of the lower frame 4 in a swingable manner. Yes.

上述の様な構成により、上記下枠４及び上枠６の起伏に拘らず、上記集電舟装置７の姿勢が変化しない様にしている。尚、これら下枠４及び上枠６は、何れも中空管状としており、上記釣り合い棒１２はこのうちの下枠４の内側に、上記ロッド１５は上枠６の内側に、それぞれ配設している。尚、この様な構造を有するパンタグラフ装置１を構成する、上記下枠４の長さＬ₄ （揺動支持軸３の中心と連結軸５の中心との距離）と、上記上枠６の長さＬ₆ （連結軸５の中心と集電舟装置７の揺動支持軸の中心との距離）とは従来、ほぼ等しくしていた。より具体的には、上記下枠４の長さＬ₄ を上記上枠６の長さＬ₆ の０．５〜１．５倍程度（Ｌ₄ ＝０．５Ｌ₆ 〜１．５Ｌ₆ ）としていた。 With the configuration as described above, the posture of the current collecting boat device 7 is not changed regardless of the undulations of the lower frame 4 and the upper frame 6. Each of the lower frame 4 and the upper frame 6 has a hollow tubular shape, and the balancing rod 12 is disposed inside the lower frame 4 and the rod 15 is disposed inside the upper frame 6. Yes. The length L ₄ of the lower frame ₄ (the distance between the center of the swing support shaft 3 and the center of the connecting shaft 5) and the length of the upper frame 6 constituting the pantograph device 1 having such a structure. Conventionally, the length L ₆ (the distance between the center of the connecting shaft 5 and the center of the swing support shaft of the current collecting boat device 7) has been substantially equal. More specifically, the length L ₄ of the lower frame 4 0.5-1.5 times the length L ₆ of the upper frame 6 as _{_{_{(L 4 = 0.5L 6 ~1.5L 6}}} ) It was.

又、近年に於ける鉄道車両の高速化に伴い、パンタグラフ装置部分で発生する気流騒音を低減し、鉄道沿線の環境基準を守る為に、この気流騒音を低減する為の各種構造が考えられている。例えば、特許文献２〜８には、鉄道車両の屋根面上で上記パンタグラフ装置を前後両側から挟む位置にカバーを設けた構造が記載されている。この様な従来構造は、上記鉄道車両の進行方向前側部分に存在するカバーにより空気の流れを上方に導き、上記パンタグラフ装置に当たる空気を希薄にして、このパンタグラフ装置部分でのカルマン渦の発生を抑え、上記気流騒音の低減を図るものである。又、特許文献９には、カバーの形状を流線形にする事により、このカバー部分で発生する気流騒音の低減を図る技術が記載されている。 Also, with the recent increase in the speed of railway vehicles, various structures for reducing this airflow noise have been considered in order to reduce the airflow noise generated in the pantograph device and to keep the environmental standards along the railway. Yes. For example, Patent Documents 2 to 8 describe a structure in which a cover is provided at a position sandwiching the pantograph device from both the front and rear sides on the roof surface of a railway vehicle. Such a conventional structure guides the flow of air upward by a cover existing in the front part of the traveling direction of the railway vehicle, dilutes the air hitting the pantograph device, and suppresses the generation of Karman vortices in the pantograph device part. Therefore, the airflow noise is reduced. Patent Document 9 describes a technique for reducing airflow noise generated in the cover portion by making the shape of the cover streamlined.

又、特許文献１０には、鉄道車両の屋根面上に設けた、上下方向に伸縮自在なカバーにより、パンタグラフ装置のうちで、上端部に設けた集電舟装置部分及び台枠を支持した碍子を除く大部分を覆った構造が記載されている。この様な特許文献１０に記載された構造によれば、このパンタグラフ装置を構成するパンタグラフ枠に殆ど風が当たらない様にして、このパンタグラフ装置部分での気流騒音の発生を低減できる。又、特許文献１１〜１３には、パンタグラフ枠を支持する碍子上に、このパンタグラフ枠と共に支持したカバーにより、このパンタグラフ枠の下半部を覆った構造が記載されている。この様な特許文献１１〜１３に記載された構造によれば、このパンタグラフ枠のうちで鉄道車両の走行に伴って発生する風に当たる部分を少なくして、このパンタグラフ枠部分で発生する気流騒音の低減を図れる。 Further, in Patent Document 10, an insulator that supports a current collecting boat device portion and a base frame provided at an upper end portion of a pantograph device by a vertically extendable cover provided on a roof surface of a railway vehicle. The structure covering most of the area except for is described. According to such a structure described in Patent Document 10, it is possible to reduce the generation of airflow noise in the pantograph device part so that the wind hardly hits the pantograph frame constituting the pantograph device. Patent Documents 11 to 13 describe a structure in which the lower half of the pantograph frame is covered with a cover that is supported together with the pantograph frame on an insulator that supports the pantograph frame. According to such a structure described in Patent Documents 11 to 13, the portion of the pantograph frame that hits the wind generated by the traveling of the railway vehicle is reduced, and the airflow noise generated in the pantograph frame portion is reduced. Reduction can be achieved.

更に、特許文献１４及び非特許文献２には、鉄道車両の屋根面上にパンタグラフ枠を絶縁支持する為の碍子として、水平方向に存在する仮想平面に関する断面形状が流線形のものを使用した構造が記載されている。この様な特許文献１４及び非特許文献２に記載された従来構造の場合には、気流騒音低減用のカバーは、上記碍子の上端部に支持固定された台枠の上面に設けたばね等のみを覆っている。パンタグラフ枠を構成する下枠及び上枠を覆う為のカバーは設けられておらず、これら下枠及び上枠には、鉄道車両の走行に伴う風がそのまま当たる様にしている。 Further, in Patent Document 14 and Non-Patent Document 2, a structure using a streamlined cross-sectional shape related to a virtual plane that exists in the horizontal direction is used as an insulator for insulatingly supporting a pantograph frame on a roof surface of a railway vehicle. Is described. In the case of the conventional structure described in Patent Literature 14 and Non-Patent Literature 2 as described above, the airflow noise reduction cover is provided with only a spring or the like provided on the upper surface of the base frame supported and fixed to the upper end of the insulator. Covering. Covers for covering the lower frame and the upper frame constituting the pantograph frame are not provided, and the wind accompanying the traveling of the railway vehicle is directly applied to the lower frame and the upper frame.

前述の図１６〜１９に示した様な、特許文献１及び非特許文献１に記載されたパンタグラフ装置１の場合、鉄道車両の屋根面上への設置状態で、連結軸５及び釣り合い軸１１部分で気流騒音が生じ易くなる為、改良が望まれている。この点に就いて、図２０〜２１により説明する。
図２０に略示する様に、下枠４の長さＬ₄ と上枠６の長さＬ₆ とがほぼ等しい従来のパンタグラフ装置１の場合には、走行時に起立させた状態では、連結軸５及び釣り合い軸１１部分の高さ位置が高くなる。パンタグラフ装置１を鉄道車両の屋根面に設置する場合には、図２１に略示する様に、台枠２を屋根面１６上に、碍子１７、１７を介して絶縁支持する。又、この屋根面１６でこの台枠２を前後から挟む２個所位置には、前述した特許文献２〜９、非特許文献１に記載されている如く、パンタカバーと呼ばれる防風板１８、１８を設置する。 In the case of the pantograph device 1 described in Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 1 as shown in FIGS. 16 to 19 described above, the connecting shaft 5 and the balance shaft 11 portion in the installed state on the roof surface of the railway vehicle. Therefore, improvement of airflow noise is desired. This point will be described with reference to FIGS.
FIG substantially as that shown in 20, when the lower frame 4 of the length L ₄ and approximately equal conventional pantograph device and length L ₆ of the upper frame 61 is in the state of being erected during traveling, connecting shaft 5 and the height position of the balance shaft 11 are increased. When the pantograph device 1 is installed on the roof surface of a railway vehicle, the frame 2 is insulated and supported on the roof surface 16 via insulators 17 and 17 as schematically shown in FIG. In addition, windbreak plates 18 and 18 called pantera covers are provided at two positions where the frame 2 is sandwiched from the front and back by the roof surface 16 as described in Patent Documents 2 to 9 and Non-Patent Document 1. Install.

上記連結軸５及び釣り合い軸１１部分の高さ位置が高くなると、これら両軸５、１１が上記防風板１８、１８よりも上方に露出し、走行時にこれら両軸５、１１部分に風が当り、高速走行時には気流騒音が発生する。実際の場合には、上記両軸５、１１の設置部分はカバー１９（図１６〜１９）により覆っているが、このカバー１９が気流騒音の原因となる。上記防風板１８、１８の高さＨ₁₈を大きくする事は、鉄道車両の高速走行時の空気抵抗を増大させる原因となる為、採用する事は難しい。 When the height positions of the connecting shaft 5 and the balance shaft 11 are increased, the shafts 5 and 11 are exposed above the windbreak plates 18 and 18, and wind is applied to the shafts 5 and 11 during traveling. Airflow noise is generated when traveling at high speed. In an actual case, the installation parts of the shafts 5 and 11 are covered with a cover 19 (FIGS. 16 to 19), but this cover 19 causes airflow noise. Increasing the height H 18 of the windshields ₁₈ and ₁₈ is a cause of increasing the air resistance when the railway vehicle is traveling at high speed, and is therefore difficult to employ.

特許文献１０に記載されている様に、伸縮自在なカバーによりパンタグラフ枠の大部分を覆う構造によれば、このパンタグラフ枠部分で発生する気流騒音を大幅に低減できると考えられるが、構造が複雑になる等、現実的ではない。又、碍子部分で発生する気流騒音を抑える事はできない。
又、特許文献１１〜１３に記載されている様に、碍子の上方に設けたカバーにより、パンタグラフ枠の下部を覆う構造の場合には、パンタグラフ枠部分で発生する気流騒音を十分に抑えられないだけでなく、碍子部分で発生する気流騒音を抑える事もできない。
更に、特許文献１４及び非特許文献２に記載されている様に、碍子を流線形にする代わりにカバーを省略した構造の場合には、パンタグラフ枠部分で発生する気流騒音を抑えられない。 As described in Patent Document 10, according to the structure that covers most of the pantograph frame with a stretchable cover, it is considered that the airflow noise generated in this pantograph frame part can be greatly reduced, but the structure is complicated. It is not realistic. Moreover, the airflow noise generated at the insulator cannot be suppressed.
In addition, as described in Patent Documents 11 to 13, in the case of a structure in which the lower part of the pantograph frame is covered with a cover provided above the insulator, airflow noise generated in the pantograph frame part cannot be sufficiently suppressed. In addition, airflow noise generated in the insulator cannot be suppressed.
Further, as described in Patent Document 14 and Non-Patent Document 2, in the case of a structure in which the cover is omitted instead of making the insulator a streamline, airflow noise generated in the pantograph frame portion cannot be suppressed.

特許第３２９７３５５号公報Japanese Patent No. 3297355 特開平５−４５８１号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-4581 特開平５−３２８５１３号公報JP-A-5-328513 特開平６−７０４０４号公報JP-A-6-70404 特開平６−２１７４０５号公報JP-A-6-217405 特開平７−３１２８０３号公報JP 7-31803 A 特開平９−１６３５０３号公報JP-A-9-163503 特開平１０−６６２０２号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-66202 特開平９−１３６６４５号公報JP-A-9-136645 特開平６−１１３４０３号公報JP-A-6-113403 特開平６−２０５５０４号公報JP-A-6-205504 特開平８−１９１０６号公報JP-A-8-19106 特開平８−２２３７０２号公報JP-A-8-223702 特開平９−１３０９０７号公報JP-A-9-130907 「鉄道車両と技術」、レールアンドテック出版、平成１３年１１月２０日、第７巻第５号、通巻第７０号、第１５〜１９頁"Railway Vehicles and Technology", Rail and Tech Publishing, November 20, 2001, Vol. 7, No. 5, Vol. 70, pp. 15-19 「鉄道車両と技術」、レールアンドテック出版、平成１３年１１月２０日、第７巻第５号、通巻第７０号、第１０〜１４頁"Railway Vehicles and Technology", Rail and Tech Publishing, November 20, 2001, Vol. 7, No. 5, Vol. 70, pp. 10-14

本発明のパンタグラフ装置は、上述の様な事情に鑑みて、パンタグラフ枠部分及び碍子部分で発生する気流騒音を大幅に低減させるべく発明したものである。 The pantograph device of the present invention has been invented to significantly reduce airflow noise generated in the pantograph frame portion and the insulator portion in view of the above-described circumstances.

本発明のパンタグラフ装置は、台枠と、中間カバーと、パンタグラフ枠と、集電舟装置と、１対の端部カバーとを備える。
このうちの台枠は、鉄道車両の屋根面上に碍子を介して絶縁支持される。
又、上記中間カバーは、絶縁材製で、一部に上下両面同士を連通させる透孔を有し、上記台枠の上方に設けられている。
又、上記パンタグラフ枠は、上記台枠の上面に起倒自在に設けられ、上記透孔を通じてその上部が、上記中間カバーの上方に突出している。
又、上記台枠上でパンタグラフ枠を起倒させる為に、このパンタグラフ枠は、下枠と、上枠と、釣り合い腕と、釣り合い棒とから構成される。
このうちの下枠は、上記台枠上に設けられた第一の横軸により、その基端部を揺動自在に支持されている。
又、上記上枠は、上記下枠の先端部に上記第一の横軸と平行に設けられた第二の横軸により、その基端部を揺動自在に支持されている。
又、上記釣り合い腕は、上記上枠の基端部から突出する状態で設けられてこの上枠に対しその基端部を結合固定され、この上枠と共に上記第二の横軸を中心として揺動する。
又、上記釣り合い棒は、上記釣り合い腕の先端部に上記第一、第二の横軸と平行に設けられた第三の横軸によりその先端部を揺動自在に支持され、これら第一〜第三の横軸と平行に設けられた第四の横軸によりその基端部を上記台枠に対し揺動自在に支持される。
そして、上記下枠の長さは、上記上枠の長さの１／６〜１／３倍とされ、上記上枠は、上記中間カバーに形成した、前後方向に長い長円形である上記透孔を通じて、この中間カバーの上方に突出する。
又、上記集電舟装置は、上記パンタグラフ枠を構成する上記上枠の上端部に支持されている。
更に、上記両端部カバーは、絶縁材製で、上記屋根面上で上記鉄道車両の前後両側から上記中間カバーを挟む位置に設けられ、この中間カバーの下面と上記屋根面との間で上記碍子及び上記台枠を設置した空間の前後両端部を塞ぐ。
そして、上記両端部カバーの上面と上記中間カバーの上面とを、滑らかに連続させている。 The pantograph device of the present invention includes a base frame, an intermediate cover, a pantograph frame, a current collecting boat device, and a pair of end covers.
Of these, the underframe is insulated and supported via a lever on the roof surface of the railway vehicle.
The intermediate cover is made of an insulating material, and has a through hole that partially communicates the upper and lower surfaces, and is provided above the frame.
The pantograph frame is provided on the upper surface of the frame so as to be tiltable, and the upper part of the pantograph frame protrudes above the intermediate cover through the through hole.
The pantograph frame is composed of a lower frame, an upper frame, a counter arm, and a counter bar in order to raise and lower the pantograph frame on the frame.
Among these, the lower frame is supported by a first horizontal shaft provided on the frame so that the base end portion thereof is swingable.
The upper frame has a base end portion swingably supported by a second horizontal axis provided in parallel to the first horizontal axis at a distal end portion of the lower frame.
The counter arm is provided so as to protrude from the base end portion of the upper frame, and the base end portion is coupled and fixed to the upper frame, and the counter arm swings around the second horizontal axis together with the upper frame. Move.
The balance rod is supported at the tip end portion of the balance arm by a third horizontal shaft provided in parallel with the first and second horizontal shafts so as to be swingable. The base end portion of the fourth horizontal axis provided in parallel with the third horizontal axis is swingably supported with respect to the frame.
The length of the lower frame is 1/6 to 1/3 times the length of the upper frame, and the upper frame is formed in the intermediate cover and has a long oval shape in the front-rear direction. It protrudes above this intermediate cover through the hole.
Moreover, the said current boat apparatus is supported by the upper end part of the said upper frame which comprises the said pantograph frame.
Further, the both end covers are made of an insulating material and are provided on the roof surface at positions sandwiching the intermediate cover from both the front and rear sides of the railway vehicle, and the insulator is provided between the lower surface of the intermediate cover and the roof surface. And the front and rear ends of the space in which the underframe is installed are closed.
And the upper surface of the said both ends cover and the upper surface of the said intermediate cover are made to continue smoothly.

上述の様に構成する本発明のパンタグラフ装置の場合には、パンタグラフ枠の上端部と集電舟装置とを除く部分、即ち、碍子、台枠、この台枠上面に設置したばね等の上記パンタグラフ枠を起倒させる為の機構、及び、このパンタグラフ枠の下部が、中間カバー及び端部カバーにより覆われている。従って、鉄道車両の走行時にも、上記パンタグラフ枠の上端部と集電舟装置とを除く部分に風が勢い良く当たる事がない。この結果、高速走行時にも、パンタグラフ装置部分で発生する気流騒音を、十分に低く抑える事ができる。 In the case of the pantograph device of the present invention configured as described above, the pantographs such as the insulator, the frame, the spring installed on the upper surface of the frame, etc., excluding the upper end of the pantograph frame and the current collecting boat device A mechanism for raising and lowering the frame and a lower portion of the pantograph frame are covered with an intermediate cover and an end cover. Therefore, even when the railway vehicle is running, the wind does not strike the portions excluding the upper end of the pantograph frame and the current collecting boat device. As a result, airflow noise generated in the pantograph device portion can be sufficiently suppressed even during high-speed traveling.

本発明のパンタグラフ装置は、以上に述べた通り構成され作用するので、鉄道車両の高速運転時に発生する気流騒音を大幅に低減して、沿線に於ける騒音環境の改善に寄与できる。
特に、本発明のパンタグラフ装置の場合には、下枠の長さを短くした分、第二、第三の横軸の設置部分を低くできる。この為、上記中間カバーの高さ位置を低く抑えても、下枠及び上枠の起立状態での上記第二、第三の横軸の高さ位置を、上記中間カバーの下側に位置させる事ができる。この結果、この中間カバー及び端部カバーの高さを低く抑えて、高速走行時に発生する気流騒音のより一層の低減と、空気抵抗の低減とを図れる。 Since the pantograph device of the present invention is configured and operates as described above, it can greatly reduce the airflow noise generated during the high-speed operation of the railway vehicle and contribute to the improvement of the noise environment along the railway.
In particular, in the case of the pantograph device of the present invention, the installation portion of the second and third horizontal axes can be lowered by the amount corresponding to the shortening of the length of the lower frame. For this reason, even if the height position of the intermediate cover is kept low, the height positions of the second and third horizontal axes in the standing state of the lower frame and the upper frame are positioned below the intermediate cover. I can do things. As a result, the height of the intermediate cover and the end cover can be kept low to further reduce airflow noise generated during high-speed traveling and to reduce air resistance.

又、好ましくは、碍子及び台枠を設置した空間の左右両側開口の少なくとも一部を塞ぐ側方カバーを設ける。
この構成により、この左右両側開口部分で発生する気流騒音も低減できる。 Preferably, a side cover is provided to close at least a part of the left and right side openings of the space in which the insulator and the base frame are installed.
With this configuration, airflow noise generated at the left and right opening portions can be reduced.

更に好ましくは、各端部カバーを、周壁部により囲まれる空間の上方を天板部により覆って成るものとする。そして、水平方向に広がる仮想平面に関する上記各端部カバーの外周面の断面形状を流線形とすると共に、これら各端部カバーのうちの周壁部の表面の、鉛直方向に広がる仮想平面に関する断面形状を、これら各端部カバーの全周に亙って波形とする。
この様に構成すれば、端部カバー部分で発生する気流騒音を低減すると共に、パンタグラフ装置全体をコンパクトに構成し、降雨時に端部カバーの表面が濡れた場合でも、台枠と鉄道車両の屋根面との間の絶縁を十分に図れる。即ち、水平方向に存在する仮想平面に関する、各端部カバーの外周面の断面形状を流線形としている為、この端部カバー部分でカルマン渦が発生しにくく、上記気流騒音の低減を図れる。
又、これら各端部カバー表面の、鉛直方向に存在する仮想平面に関する断面形状を、これら各端部カバーの全周に亙って波形としている為、上記パンタグラフ装置全体のコンパクト化を図りつつ、上記絶縁を十分に図れる。即ち、このコンパクト化を図る為には、中間カバーの大きさを台枠の上方を覆えるだけの大きさとし、１対の端部カバーを、この中間カバーの前後両端に近接配置する必要がある。この様な構成を採用した場合に、降雨時に上記台枠及びこの台枠の上面に配設した導線や上記各端部カバーが濡れると、この導線からこれら各端部カバーの上部で上記中間カバーとの連続部に高電圧が印加される可能性を生じる。この様に上記各端部カバーの上部に高電圧が印加された場合に、これら各端部カバーの表面の上下方向に関する断面形状が直線状であると、上記連続部から上記屋根面にまで電流が流れる可能性がある。これに対して、上記各端部カバー表面の、鉛直方向に存在する仮想平面に関する断面形状を、これら各端部カバーの全周に亙って波形とすれば、上記連続部から上記屋根面までの、電気の流れる道のりが長くなり、この間の抵抗を十分に大きくして、この屋根面にまで電流が流れる事を防止できる。 More preferably, each end cover is formed by covering the space surrounded by the peripheral wall portion with a top plate portion. Then, the cross-sectional shape of the outer peripheral surface of each end cover relating to the virtual plane extending in the horizontal direction is streamlined, and the cross-sectional shape relating to the virtual plane extending in the vertical direction of the surface of the peripheral wall portion of each end cover Is corrugated over the entire circumference of each end cover.
With this configuration, airflow noise generated at the end cover portion is reduced, and the entire pantograph device is configured compactly. Even when the surface of the end cover becomes wet during rainfall, the underframe and the roof of the railway vehicle Insulation with the surface can be sufficiently achieved. That is, since the cross-sectional shape of the outer peripheral surface of each end cover with respect to the virtual plane existing in the horizontal direction is streamlined, Karman vortices hardly occur in the end cover portion, and the airflow noise can be reduced.
In addition, since the cross-sectional shape of each end cover surface with respect to the virtual plane that exists in the vertical direction is a waveform over the entire circumference of each end cover, the entire pantograph device can be made compact, The insulation can be sufficiently achieved. That is, in order to achieve this compactness, it is necessary to make the size of the intermediate cover large enough to cover the upper part of the frame, and to arrange a pair of end covers close to the front and rear ends of the intermediate cover. . When such a configuration is adopted, if the lead wire and the conductors arranged on the top surface of the stand frame and the end cover are wet when it rains, the intermediate cover is formed on the top of each end cover from the lead wire. There is a possibility that a high voltage is applied to the continuous part. In this way, when a high voltage is applied to the top of each end cover, if the cross-sectional shape in the vertical direction of the surface of each end cover is linear, current flows from the continuous part to the roof surface. May flow. On the other hand, if the cross-sectional shape regarding the virtual plane existing in the vertical direction on the surface of each end cover is a waveform over the entire circumference of each end cover, from the continuous portion to the roof surface However, it is possible to prevent the current from flowing to the roof surface by increasing the resistance during this period.

図１〜９は、本発明の実施例１を示している。本例のパンタグラフ装置１ａは、台枠２ａと、中間カバー２０と、パンタグラフ枠２１と、集電舟装置７と、１対の端部カバー２２、２２とを備える。
このうちの台枠２ａは、例えば前述の図１６〜１８に示した従来構造のパンタグラフ装置１を構成する台枠２と同様に、金属板を曲げ形成する等により造られたもので、鉄道車両の屋根面１６上に、複数の碍子１７、１７を介して絶縁支持される。 1 to 9 show Example 1 of the present invention. The pantograph device 1a of this example includes a base frame 2a, an intermediate cover 20, a pantograph frame 21, a current collecting boat device 7, and a pair of end covers 22, 22.
Of these, the underframe 2a is formed by, for example, bending a metal plate in the same manner as the underframe 2 constituting the pantograph apparatus 1 having the conventional structure shown in FIGS. The roof surface 16 is insulated and supported via a plurality of insulators 17 and 17.

又、上記中間カバー２０は、エチレン酢酸ビニル共重合体（ＥＶＡ copolymer）や各種ＦＲＰの如き合成樹脂等の絶縁材製で、上記台枠２ａの上方に、ブラケットを介してこの台枠２ａに支持する等により、設けられている。本例の場合、上記中間カバー２０は、上面を大きな曲率半径を有する部分球面状の凸面とした天板部２３と、この天板部２３の幅方向（幅方向に関しては鉄道車両の幅方向で言う）両端縁から下方に折れ曲がった、左右１対の側板部２４、２４とを備える。又、上記天板部２３の前後方向（前後方向に関しては、鉄道車両の走行方向で言う）片半部で幅方向中間部には、上記天板部２３の本体部分の上面に比べ比較的小さな曲率半径でラグビーボールの一部の如く膨らんだ、膨出部２５を設けている。そして、この膨出部２５のうち、上記天板部２３の中央寄り半部で幅方向中間部に、前後方向に長い長円形の透孔２６を、この天板部２３の上下両面同士を連通させる状態で形成している。 The intermediate cover 20 is made of an insulating material such as an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA copolymer) or various types of FRP, and is supported on the frame 2a via a bracket above the frame 2a. And so on. In the case of this example, the intermediate cover 20 has a top plate portion 23 having an upper surface formed as a partially spherical convex surface having a large radius of curvature, and the width direction of the top plate portion 23 (the width direction is the width direction of the railway vehicle). Say) a pair of left and right side plates 24, 24 bent downward from both edges. The top and bottom direction of the top plate part 23 (the front and rear direction refers to the traveling direction of the railway vehicle) is a half half and the middle part in the width direction is relatively smaller than the upper surface of the main body part of the top plate part 23. A bulging portion 25 bulging like a part of a rugby ball with a radius of curvature is provided. Of the bulging portion 25, an oblong through hole 26 that is long in the front-rear direction is communicated with the upper half of the top plate portion 23 at the middle portion in the width direction at the center half of the top plate portion 23. It is formed in a state to let it.

又、上記パンタグラフ枠２１は、上記台枠２ａの上面に起倒自在に設けられ、上記透孔２６を通じてその上部が、図１〜５に示す様に、上記中間カバー２０の上方に突出している。この様なパンタグラフ枠２１として本例の場合には、図５〜８に示す様な構造のものを使用している。即ち、上記台枠２ａの上面に、請求項３に記載した第一の横軸である揺動支持軸３ａを、車両の幅方向に設けている。そして、この揺動支持軸３ａの中間部に、下枠４ａの基端部（下端部）を固定している。従ってこの下枠４ａは、この揺動支持軸３ａを中心として起伏する。又、この下枠４ａの先端部（上端部）に、請求項３に記載した第二の横軸である連結軸５ａを、上記揺動支持軸３ａと平行に設けている。そして、この連結軸５ａにより、上枠６ａの基端部（下端部）を上記下枠４ａの先端部に、揺動変位自在に結合している。更に、上記上枠６ａの先端部（上端部）に、前記集電舟装置７を支持している。そして、上記揺動支持軸３ａと上記台枠２ａとの間に設けたばね８（図１６、１７参照）により、上記下枠４ａと上枠６ａとを、図８に示す畳んだ状態から図７に示す状態にまで起立させる方向の弾力を付与している。 Further, the pantograph frame 21 is provided on the upper surface of the frame 2a so as to be able to rise and fall, and the upper portion thereof protrudes above the intermediate cover 20 through the through hole 26 as shown in FIGS. . In the case of this example, such a pantograph frame 21 has a structure as shown in FIGS. That is, the swing support shaft 3a which is the first horizontal axis described in claim 3 is provided on the upper surface of the frame 2a in the width direction of the vehicle. And the base end part (lower end part) of the lower frame 4a is being fixed to the intermediate part of this rocking | fluctuation support shaft 3a. Accordingly, the lower frame 4a undulates around the swing support shaft 3a. Further, a connecting shaft 5a, which is the second horizontal axis described in claim 3, is provided at the tip (upper end) of the lower frame 4a in parallel with the swing support shaft 3a. The connecting shaft 5a connects the base end portion (lower end portion) of the upper frame 6a to the distal end portion of the lower frame 4a so as to be swingably displaceable. Further, the current collecting boat device 7 is supported at the tip (upper end) of the upper frame 6a. Then, the lower frame 4a and the upper frame 6a are folded from the folded state shown in FIG. 7 by a spring 8 (see FIGS. 16 and 17) provided between the swing support shaft 3a and the frame 2a. Elasticity in the direction to stand up to the state shown in FIG.

鉄道車両の走行時に上記集電舟装置７は、前記屋根面１６上に支持した上記台枠２ａと架線との距離の変化に対応して、上記下枠４ａと上記上枠６ａとの交差角度を変化させつつ、上記台枠２ａに対し昇降する。この場合でも、上記集電舟装置７の姿勢を一定として、この集電舟装置７の上面に支持した摺り板９、９（図１６〜１９参照）と上記架線の下縁との摺接状態が適正に維持される様にしている。この為に、上記下枠４ａの先端部と上記上枠６ａの基端部との連結部、並びにこの上枠６ａの先端部と上記集電舟装置７との連結部には、適宜のリンク機構を設けて、上記下枠４ａ及び上枠６ａの起伏に拘らず、上記集電舟装置７の姿勢が変化しない様にしている。
具体的には、上記上枠６ａの基端部に釣り合い腕１０ａの基端部を、この上枠６ａの基端部から、この上枠６ａの先端部とは逆方向に突出する状態で結合固定し、この釣り合い腕１０ａをこの上枠６ａと共に、上記連結軸５ａを中心として揺動する様にしている。又、この釣り合い腕１０ａの先端部に、請求項３に記載した第三の横軸である釣り合い軸１１ａを、上記揺動支持軸３ａ及び連結軸５ａと平行に設け、この釣り合い軸１１ａに、釣り合い棒１２ａの先端部（上端部）を、揺動変位自在に支持している。又、この釣り合い棒１２ａの基端部（下端部）を前記台枠２ａの上面に、請求項３に記載した第四の横軸であって上記釣り合い軸１１ａと平行に設けられた下部釣り合い軸１３ａにより、揺動変位自在に支持している。更に、上記集電舟装置７の下面に設けたリンク腕１４の基端部と、上記下枠４ａの先端部に固定された部分（この下枠４ａの起伏に伴って揺動変位する部分）とに、ロッド１５の両端部を揺動変位自在に連結している。 When the railway vehicle travels, the current collecting boat device 7 corresponds to the change in the distance between the underframe 2a supported on the roof surface 16 and the overhead wire, and the intersection angle between the lower frame 4a and the upper frame 6a. Ascending / descending with respect to the frame 2a. Even in this case, with the attitude of the current collector boat device 7 fixed, the sliding plates 9, 9 (see FIGS. 16 to 19) supported on the upper surface of the current collector boat device 7 and the lower edge of the overhead wire are in sliding contact state. Is maintained properly. For this purpose, there are appropriate links between the connecting portion between the distal end portion of the lower frame 4a and the proximal end portion of the upper frame 6a, and the connecting portion between the distal end portion of the upper frame 6a and the current collecting boat device 7. A mechanism is provided so that the posture of the current collecting boat device 7 does not change regardless of the undulations of the lower frame 4a and the upper frame 6a.
Specifically, the base end portion of the counter arm 10a is joined to the base end portion of the upper frame 6a so as to protrude from the base end portion of the upper frame 6a in the direction opposite to the front end portion of the upper frame 6a. The balance arm 10a is rocked around the connecting shaft 5a together with the upper frame 6a. Further, a balance shaft 11a, which is the third horizontal axis described in claim 3, is provided at the tip of the balance arm 10a in parallel with the swing support shaft 3a and the connecting shaft 5a. The tip part (upper end part) of the counter bar 12a is supported so as to be swingable and displaceable. Further, a lower balance shaft provided on the upper surface of the frame 2a with the base end portion (lower end portion) of the balance rod 12a being the fourth horizontal axis according to claim 3 and parallel to the balance shaft 11a. It is supported by 13a so as to be swingable and displaceable. Further, a base end portion of the link arm 14 provided on the lower surface of the current collecting boat device 7 and a portion fixed to the distal end portion of the lower frame 4a (a portion that swings and displaces with the undulation of the lower frame 4a). In addition, both end portions of the rod 15 are connected so as to be swingable and displaceable.

上述の様な構成により、上記下枠４ａ及び上枠６ａの起伏に拘らず、上記集電舟装置７の姿勢が変化しない様にしている。尚、本例の場合、上記上枠６ａは中空管状としており、上記ロッド１５は上枠６ａの内側に配設している。これに対して上記釣り合い棒１２ａは、上記下枠４ａ外に配置している。従って、上記下枠４ａは、特に中空管状とする必要はない（する事は自由である）。 With the above-described configuration, the posture of the current collecting boat device 7 is not changed regardless of the undulations of the lower frame 4a and the upper frame 6a. In the case of this example, the upper frame 6a has a hollow tubular shape, and the rod 15 is disposed inside the upper frame 6a. On the other hand, the balance rod 12a is disposed outside the lower frame 4a. Therefore, the lower frame 4a is not particularly required to be a hollow tube (it is free to do so).

この様な構造を有する本例のパンタグラフ装置１ａのパンタグラフ枠２１を構成する、上記下枠４ａの長さＬ_4a（揺動支持軸３ａの中心と連結軸５ａの中心との距離）は、上記上枠６ａの長さＬ_6a（連結軸５ａの中心と集電舟装置７の揺動支持軸の中心との距離）に比べて十分に小さく（Ｌ_4a≪Ｌ_6a）している。より具体的には、上記下枠４ａの長さＬ_4aを、上記上枠６ａの長さＬ_6aの１／６〜１／３倍（Ｌ_4a＝Ｌ_6a／６〜Ｌ_6a／３）としている。各部の寸法をこの様に規制する事により、上記パンタグラフ枠２１を図５〜７に示す様に起立させた場合でも、上記連結軸５ａの高さ位置を低く抑えている。そして、上記台枠２ａの上面と前記中間カバー２０の下面との間隔を大きくしたり、或は前記透孔２６を特に（上記上枠６ａの中間部を挿通する為に必要とする以上に）大きくしなくても、この連結軸５ａと前記中間カバー２０とが干渉しない様にしている。この点に関しては、後で詳しく説明する。 The length L _4a of the lower frame _4a (the distance between the center of the swinging support shaft 3a and the center of the connecting shaft 5a) constituting the pantograph frame 21 of the pantograph device 1a of the present example having such a structure is as described above. than the length L _6a of the upper frame 6a (distance between the center of the pivot support shaft and the center of the collector vessel 7 of the connecting shaft 5a) is sufficiently small (L _4a «L _6a). More specifically, the length L _4a of the lower frame 4a is set to 1/6 to 1/3 times the length L _6a of the upper frame 6a (L _4a = L _6a / _{6 to} L _6a / 3). Yes. By regulating the dimensions of each part in this way, the height position of the connecting shaft 5a is kept low even when the pantograph frame 21 is erected as shown in FIGS. And the space | interval of the upper surface of the said frame 2a and the lower surface of the said intermediate cover 20 is enlarged, or the said through-hole 26 is especially (more than it is necessary in order to penetrate the intermediate part of the said upper frame 6a). Even if it is not enlarged, the connecting shaft 5a and the intermediate cover 20 do not interfere with each other. This will be described in detail later.

更に、前記両端部カバー２２、２２は、上記中間カバー２０と同様の絶縁材製で、図９に示す様な形状に造られ、前記屋根面１６上でこの中間カバー２０を前後両側から挟む位置に設けられている。そして、上記両端部カバー２２、２２により、上記中間カバー２０の下面と上記屋根面１６との間で、前記各碍子１７、１７及び上記台枠２ａを設置した空間２７の前後両端部を塞いでいる。従って、この空間２７は、側方のみ開口している。
本例の場合、水平方向に存在する仮想平面に関する、上記両端部カバー２２、２２の外周面の断面形状を、流線形としている。即ち、これら両端部カバー２２、２２は、それぞれ鉄道車両の前後方向を長径方向とした楕円の両端寄り部分の如き平面形状を有する。上記両端部カバー２２、２２は、この楕円の両端寄り部分の如き平面形状を有する周壁部２８、２８により囲まれる空間の上方を、第二の天板部２９、２９により覆って成る。この様な上記両端部カバー２２、２２は、それぞれの凸面を互いに反対側に向け（凹面同士を互いに対向させ）、上記中間カバー２０を前後両側から挟む状態で、上記屋根面１６上に固定している。この状態で、上記各第二の天板部２９、２９の端縁は、前記中間カバー２０を構成する天板部２３の端縁に当接若しくは近接対向する。そして、この天板部２３の上面と上記各第二の天板部２９、２９の上面とが、滑らかに連続（気流騒音の発生に繋がらない様な微小隙間が存在する状態を含む）する。 Further, the both end covers 22 and 22 are made of the same insulating material as the intermediate cover 20 and are formed in the shape shown in FIG. 9, and the intermediate cover 20 is sandwiched from the front and rear sides on the roof surface 16. Is provided. The both end covers 22 and 22 cover the front and rear ends of the space 27 where the insulators 17 and 17 and the frame 2a are installed between the lower surface of the intermediate cover 20 and the roof surface 16. Yes. Therefore, this space 27 is open only on the side.
In the case of this example, the cross-sectional shape of the outer peripheral surfaces of the both end covers 22, 22 with respect to a virtual plane existing in the horizontal direction is streamlined. That is, these end covers 22, 22 each have a planar shape such as a portion near both ends of an ellipse whose longitudinal direction is the longitudinal direction of the railway vehicle. The both end covers 22, 22 are configured by covering the space surrounded by the peripheral wall portions 28, 28 having a planar shape such as portions near both ends of this ellipse with the second top plate portions 29, 29. The both end covers 22 and 22 are fixed on the roof surface 16 with their convex surfaces facing away from each other (the concave surfaces are opposed to each other) and the intermediate cover 20 is sandwiched from both the front and rear sides. ing. In this state, the end edges of the second top plate portions 29, 29 are in contact with or in close proximity to the end edges of the top plate portion 23 constituting the intermediate cover 20. And the upper surface of this top-plate part 23 and the upper surface of each said 2nd top-plate part 29 and 29 continue smoothly (including the state where the micro clearance gap which does not lead to generation | occurrence | production of airflow noise exists).

又、本例の場合には、上記両端部カバー２２、２２を構成する上記両周壁部２８、２８の表面の、鉛直方向に存在する仮想平面に関する断面形状を、これら両周壁部２８、２８の全周（内外両周面及びこれら両周面同士を連続させる円周方向両端縁部）に亙って波形としている。従って、上記両端部カバー２２、２２を構成する上記両第二の天板部２９、２９と前記屋根面１６との間に存在する面の全長は、何れの部分でも十分に長くなる。 In the case of this example, the cross-sectional shape of the surfaces of the peripheral wall portions 28, 28 constituting the both end covers 22, 22 with respect to a virtual plane existing in the vertical direction is the same as that of the peripheral wall portions 28, 28. It is made into a waveform over the entire circumference (both inner and outer circumferential surfaces and both circumferential edges in the circumferential direction where these circumferential surfaces are continuous). Accordingly, the entire length of the surface existing between the second top plate portions 29 and 29 constituting the both end covers 22 and 22 and the roof surface 16 is sufficiently long in any portion.

上述の様に構成する本例のパンタグラフ装置１ａの場合には、前記パンタグラフ枠２１の上端部である前記上枠６ａの上半部と、集電舟装置７とを除く部分、即ち、前記各碍子１７、１７、前記台枠２ａ、この台枠２ａ上面に設置したばね８（図１６〜１７参照）等の、上記パンタグラフ枠２１を起倒させる為の機構、及び、このパンタグラフ枠２１の下部が、上記中間カバー２０及び上記両端部カバー２２、２２により覆われている。従って、鉄道車両の走行時にも、上記パンタグラフ枠２１の上端部と上記集電舟装置７とを除く部分に風が勢い良く当たる事がない。この結果、高速走行時にも、パンタグラフ装置部分で発生する気流騒音を、十分に低く抑える事ができる。 In the case of the pantograph device 1a of the present example configured as described above, the upper half portion of the upper frame 6a that is the upper end portion of the pantograph frame 21 and the portion excluding the current collector boat device 7, that is, each of the above A mechanism for raising and lowering the pantograph frame 21, such as the insulators 17 and 17, the frame 2 a, and the spring 8 (see FIGS. 16 to 17) installed on the upper surface of the frame 2 a, and a lower part of the pantograph frame 21 Is covered by the intermediate cover 20 and the both end covers 22, 22. Therefore, even when the railway vehicle is traveling, the wind does not strike the portion excluding the upper end portion of the pantograph frame 21 and the current collector boat device 7 with vigor. As a result, airflow noise generated in the pantograph device portion can be sufficiently suppressed even during high-speed traveling.

又、本例の場合には、上記パンタグラフ枠２１を構成する下枠４ａの長さＬ_4aを短くした分、前記連結軸５ａ及び釣り合い軸１１ａの設置部分を低くできる。この為、上記中間カバー２０の高さ位置を低く抑えても、上記下枠４ａ及び上枠６ａの起立状態で上記連結軸５ａ及び前記釣り合い軸１１ａの設置部分を、上記中間カバー２０の下側に位置させる事ができる。この結果、この中間カバー２０及び前記両端部カバー２２、２２の高さを低く抑えて、高速走行時に発生する気流騒音のより一層の低減と、空気抵抗の低減とを図れる。 Further, in the case of this example, minute short for the length L _4a of the lower frame 4a constituting the pantograph frame 21 can be lowered an installation portion of the connecting shaft 5a and balance shaft 11a. For this reason, even if the height position of the intermediate cover 20 is kept low, the connecting portion of the connecting shaft 5a and the balance shaft 11a can be placed on the lower side of the intermediate cover 20 with the lower frame 4a and the upper frame 6a standing. Can be located. As a result, the height of the intermediate cover 20 and the both end covers 22 and 22 can be kept low to further reduce airflow noise generated during high-speed traveling and to reduce air resistance.

尚、上記下枠４ａの長さＬ_4aが上記上枠６ａの長さＬ_6aの１／６未満（Ｌ_4a＜Ｌ_6a／６）の場合には、上記釣り合い棒１２ａを設置する事による上記上枠６ａの支持剛性の確保が不十分となる。これに対して、上記下枠４ａの長さＬ_4aが上記上枠６ａの長さＬ_6aの１／３を越える（Ｌ_4a＞Ｌ_6a／３）場合には、上記連結軸５ａ及び釣り合い軸１１ａの設置部分を十分に低くできず、上記中間カバー２０及び上記両端部カバー２２、２２の高さを十分に低く抑える事ができない。この為、上記下枠４ａの長さＬ_4aを、上記上枠６の長さＬ_6aの１／６〜１／３倍とした。 Incidentally, when the length L _4a of the lower frame 4a is less than 1/6 of the length L _6a of the upper frame _{_{6a (L 4a <L 6a /}} 6) , said by placing the balance bar 12a Ensuring the support rigidity of the upper frame 6a is insufficient. In contrast, when the length L _4a of the lower frame 4a exceeds 1/3 of the length L _6a of the upper frame _{_{6a (L 4a> L 6a /}} 3) , said connecting shaft 5a and balance shaft The installation part of 11a cannot be made low enough, and the height of the said intermediate | middle cover 20 and the said both ends cover 22 and 22 cannot be kept low enough. Therefore, the length L _4a of the lower frame 4a is set to 1/6 to 1/3 times the length L _6a of the upper frame 6.

又、本例の場合には、上記両端部カバー２２、２２を構成する前記両周壁部２８、２８の表面の、鉛直方向に存在する仮想平面に関する断面形状を、これら各周壁部２８、２８の全周に亙って波形としている為、パンタグラフ装置１ａ全体のコンパクト化を図りつつ、降雨時に上記各端部カバー２２、２２の表面が濡れた場合でも、前記台枠２ａと前記屋根面１６との間の絶縁を十分に図れる。即ち、上記パンタグラフ装置１ａのコンパクト化を図る為には、前記中間カバー２０の大きさを上記台枠２ａの上方を覆えるだけの大きさとし、上記１対の端部カバー２２、２２を、上記中間カバー２０、２０の前後両端に近接配置する必要がある。 In the case of this example, the cross-sectional shape of the surfaces of the peripheral wall portions 28, 28 constituting the both end covers 22, 22 with respect to the virtual plane existing in the vertical direction is the same as that of the peripheral wall portions 28, 28. Since the pantograph device 1a is made compact as a whole over the entire circumference, even if the surface of each end cover 22, 22 is wet during rain, the underframe 2a and the roof surface 16 Can be sufficiently insulated. That is, in order to reduce the size of the pantograph device 1a, the size of the intermediate cover 20 is set to be large enough to cover the top of the underframe 2a, and the pair of end covers 22, 22 The intermediate covers 20 and 20 need to be disposed close to both front and rear ends.

この様な構成を採用した場合に、降雨時に上記台枠２ａ及びこの台枠２ａの上面に配設した導線や上記各端部カバー２２、２２が濡れると、この導線からこれら各端部カバー２２、２２の上端部に設けられて上記中間カバー２０と連続する前記第二の天板部２９、２９に、高電圧が印加される可能性を生じる。この様にこれら各第二の天板部２９、２９に高電圧が印加された場合に、上記各周壁部２８、２８の表面の上下方向に関する断面形状が直線状であると、上記各第二の天板部２９、２９から上記屋根面１６にまで電流が流れる可能性がある。これに対して本例の場合には、上記各端部カバー２２、２２を構成する周壁部２８、２８の表面を、これら各周壁部２８、２８の全周に亙って波形としているので、上記各第二の天板部２９、２９から上記屋根面１６までの、電気の流れる道のりが長くなり、この間の抵抗を大きくして、この屋根面１６にまで電流が流れる事を防止できる。 In the case of adopting such a configuration, when the frame 2a and the conductors disposed on the upper surface of the frame 2a or the end covers 22 and 22 are wet during rain, the end covers 22 are exposed from the conductors. , 22 may be applied to the second top plate portions 29 and 29 that are provided at the upper end portions of the upper cover 22 and continue to the intermediate cover 20. In this way, when a high voltage is applied to each of the second top plate portions 29, 29, the cross-sectional shape in the vertical direction of the surface of each of the peripheral wall portions 28, 28 is linear. Current may flow from the top plate portions 29 and 29 to the roof surface 16. On the other hand, in the case of this example, since the surfaces of the peripheral wall portions 28, 28 constituting the end cover 22, 22 are formed in a waveform over the entire circumference of the peripheral wall portions 28, 28, The distance from which each of the second top plate portions 29, 29 to the roof surface 16 flows becomes longer, and the resistance therebetween is increased to prevent current from flowing to the roof surface 16.

尚、上記各端部カバー２２、２２の外周面の波形形状は、漏電防止の面からだけでなく、気流騒音低減の面からも規制する。この場合に、前記図９に示す様な形状の他に、例えば前述した特許文献１４に記載された様な形状も、採用可能である。具体的には、図１０、１１に示す様に、端部カバー２２ａ、２２ｂを構成する周壁部２８ａ、２８ｂの形状を鉛直方向に関して変化させる。このうちの図１０に記載した端部カバー２２ａの場合には、周壁部２８ａを、下方に向かう程広がる方向に傾斜させている。これに対して、図１１に記載した端部カバー２２ｂの場合には、周壁部２８ｂを、下方に向かう程狭まる方向に傾斜させている。 The corrugated shape of the outer peripheral surface of each of the end covers 22 and 22 is restricted not only from the aspect of preventing electric leakage but also from the aspect of reducing airflow noise. In this case, in addition to the shape shown in FIG. 9, for example, the shape described in Patent Document 14 described above can be adopted. Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, the shapes of the peripheral wall portions 28a and 28b constituting the end covers 22a and 22b are changed in the vertical direction. In the case of the end cover 22a shown in FIG. 10, the peripheral wall portion 28a is inclined in a direction that expands downward. On the other hand, in the case of the end cover 22b described in FIG. 11, the peripheral wall portion 28b is inclined in a direction that becomes narrower as it goes downward.

図１２〜１３は、本発明の実施例２を示している。本例の場合には、屋根面１６上に１対の側方カバー３０を、碍子１７、１７及び台枠２ａを左右両側から挟む状態で設けている。そして、これら両カバー３０により、これら碍子１７、１７及び台枠２ａを設置した空間２７の左右両側開口の一部を塞いでいる。
この様に左右両端開口の一部を上記両カバー３０により覆う事で、走行時にこの左右両端開口から上記空間２７内に巻き込まれる空気の流量を少なく抑えて、走行時に発生する気流騒音をより低減できる。尚、図示の例では、上記両カバー３０の外周面の断面形状を波形としている為、仮にこれら両カバー３０に高電圧が印加された場合でも、上記屋根面１６にまで電流が流れる事を防止できる。 12-13 has shown Example 2 of this invention. In the case of this example, a pair of side covers 30 are provided on the roof surface 16 with the insulators 17 and 17 and the frame 2a sandwiched from both left and right sides. These two covers 30 block portions of the left and right side openings of the space 27 in which the insulators 17 and 17 and the frame 2a are installed.
By covering a part of the left and right end openings with the both covers 30 in this way, the flow rate of air drawn into the space 27 from the left and right end openings during travel is reduced, and airflow noise generated during travel is further reduced. it can. In the illustrated example, since the cross-sectional shape of the outer peripheral surfaces of both covers 30 is a waveform, even if a high voltage is applied to both covers 30, current is prevented from flowing to the roof surface 16. it can.

図１４〜１５は、本発明の実施例３を示している。本例の場合も、屋根面１６上に１対の側方カバー３０ａを、碍子１７、１７及び台枠２ａを左右両側から挟む状態で設けている。特に、本例の場合には、これら両カバー３０ａにより、上記碍子１７、１７及び台枠２ａを設置した空間２７の左右両側開口を、前後方向の全長に亙り塞いでいる。図示の例では、前後両端部を塞ぐ端部カバー２２、２２の周壁部２８と上記両カバー３０ａとを一体的に形成している。但し、これら両カバー２２、３０ａは、互いに別体としても良い。この様に左右両端開口を、前後方向の全長に亙り、上記両カバー３０ａにより覆う事で、走行時にこの左右両端開口から上記空間２７内に空気が巻き込まれる事をより効果的に防止して、走行時に発生する気流騒音をより一層低減できる。 14 to 15 show Example 3 of the present invention. Also in this example, a pair of side covers 30a are provided on the roof surface 16 with the insulators 17 and 17 and the frame 2a sandwiched from both left and right sides. In particular, in the case of this example, both the covers 30a cover the left and right openings of the space 27 in which the insulators 17 and 17 and the frame 2a are installed over the entire length in the front-rear direction. In the illustrated example, the peripheral wall portions 28 of the end covers 22 and 22 that close both front and rear end portions and the two covers 30a are integrally formed. However, these covers 22 and 30a may be separated from each other. In this way, by covering the left and right end openings over the entire length in the front-rear direction and covering them with the both covers 30a, it is possible to more effectively prevent air from being caught in the space 27 from the left and right end openings during traveling, Airflow noise generated during traveling can be further reduced.

本発明の実施例１を示す斜視図。The perspective view which shows Example 1 of this invention. 同じく側面図。Similarly side view. 同じく図２の左方から見た図。The figure seen from the left of FIG. 同じく平面図。FIG. 同じく屋根上への取付け状態を示す略側面図。The schematic side view which similarly shows the attachment state on a roof. 同じくパンタグラフ枠を取り出して示す略側面図。The schematic side view which similarly takes out and shows a pantograph frame. 同じく、パンタグラフ枠の要部を取り出して起立状態で示す側面図。Similarly, the side view which takes out the principal part of a pantograph frame and shows it in a standing state. 同じく畳んだ状態で示す側面図。The side view similarly shown in the folded state. 端部カバーを取り出して示す、（Ａ）は平面図、（Ｂ）は側面図、（Ｃ）は（Ｂ）の左方から見た図。An end cover is taken out and shown, (A) is a plan view, (B) is a side view, and (C) is a view as seen from the left side of (B). 端部カバーの第２例を示す、（Ａ）は平面図、（Ｂ）は側面図、（Ｃ）は（Ｂ）の左方から見た図。The 2nd example of an edge part cover is shown, (A) is a top view, (B) is a side view, (C) is the figure seen from the left of (B). 端部カバーの第３例を示す、（Ａ）は平面図、（Ｂ）は側面図、（Ｃ）は（Ｂ）の左方から見た図。The 3rd example of an end cover is shown, (A) is a top view, (B) is a side view, (C) is the figure seen from the left of (B). 本発明の実施例２を示す斜視図。The perspective view which shows Example 2 of this invention. 同じく側面図。Similarly side view. 本発明の実施例３を示す斜視図。The perspective view which shows Example 3 of this invention. 同じく側面図。Similarly side view. 従来のパンタグラフ装置の１例を示す側面図。The side view which shows one example of the conventional pantograph apparatus. 同じく平面図。FIG. 図１６の右方から見た図。The figure seen from the right side of FIG. 要部を取り出して示す側面図。The side view which takes out and shows the principal part. 同じく略側面図。Similarly a schematic side view. 屋根上への取付け状態を示す略側面図。The schematic side view which shows the attachment state on a roof.

Explanation of symbols

１、１ａパンタグラフ装置
２、２ａ台枠
３、３ａ揺動支持軸
４、４ａ下枠
５、５ａ連結軸
６、６ａ上枠
７集電舟装置
８ばね
９摺り板
１０、１０ａ釣り合い腕
１１、１１ａ釣り合い軸
１２、１２ａ釣り合い棒
１３、１３ａ下部釣り合い軸
１４リンク腕
１５ロッド
１６屋根面
１７碍子
１８防風板
１９カバー
２０中間カバー
２１パンタグラフ枠
２２、２２ａ、２２ｂ端部カバー
２３天板部
２４側板部
２５膨出部
２６透孔
２７空間
２８、２８ａ、２８ｂ周壁部
２９第二の天板部
３０、３０ａ側方カバー DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 1a Pantograph device 2, 2a Underframe 3, 3a Oscillation support shaft 4, 4a Lower frame 5, 5a Connection shaft 6, 6a Upper frame 7 Current collecting boat device 8 Spring 9 Sliding plate 10, 10a Balance arm 11, 11a Balance shaft 12, 12a Balance rod 13, 13a Lower balance shaft 14 Link arm 15 Rod 16 Roof surface 17 Insulator 18 Windproof plate 19 Cover 20 Intermediate cover 21 Pantograph frame 22, 22a, 22b End cover 23 Top plate portion 24 Side plate portion 25 Swelling portion 26 Through hole 27 Space 28, 28a, 28b Peripheral wall portion 29 Second top plate portion 30, 30a Side cover

Claims

An intermediate cover made of an insulating material, provided on the roof surface of the railway vehicle, with a frame that is insulated and supported via insulators, and a through hole that partially communicates the upper and lower surfaces. And a pantograph frame provided on the upper surface of the underframe so that it can be raised and lowered, and an upper portion of the pantograph frame protruding above the intermediate cover through the through hole, and a current collecting boat device supported by the upper end of the pantograph frame, The front and rear ends of the space in which the insulator and the underframe are installed between the lower surface of the intermediate cover and the roof surface are provided at positions on the roof surface between the front and rear sides of the railway vehicle. A pair of end covers each made of an insulating material, and the upper surface of the both end covers and the upper surface of the intermediate cover are smoothly continuous , and the pantograph frame is placed on the underframe The first horizontal axis provided The base end is supported by a lower frame that is pivotably supported by the base frame, and a second horizontal axis that is provided at the distal end of the lower frame in parallel with the first horizontal axis. An upper frame supported in a swingable manner, and a base end portion of the upper frame that protrudes from a base end portion of the upper frame, the base end portion of which is coupled and fixed to the upper frame, and the second horizontal axis together with the upper frame. And a balance arm that swings around the center, and a tip end of the balance arm that is pivotally supported by a third horizontal shaft provided in parallel with the first and second horizontal shafts. The fourth horizontal shaft provided in parallel with the first to third horizontal shafts is configured with a balance rod whose base end portion is swingably supported with respect to the underframe, and the length of the lower frame Is 1/6 to 1/3 times the length of the upper frame. Among the pantograph frames, the lower frame and the balancing arm The counter bar is provided on the lower side of the intermediate cover, and only the upper frame of the pantograph frame is protruded above the intermediate cover through the through hole which is an oval long in the front-rear direction. and it is pantograph equipment.

The pantograph device according to claim 1, further comprising a side cover that closes at least part of the left and right side openings of the space in which the insulator and the base frame are installed.

Each end cover is for comprising the above space surrounded by the peripheral wall portion covering the top plate portion, to a virtual plane extending in the horizontal direction, and streamline the cross-sectional shape of the outer peripheral surface of each end cover with, the surface of the peripheral wall portion of these respective end cover, the cross-sectional shape about a virtual plane extending in the vertical direction, and the waveform over the entire circumference of each end cover, any claim 1-2 The pantograph device described above.