JP4377996B2 - Pulling device for bearings, etc. - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a drawing device such as a bearing and a shaft joint, and more particularly, to a drawing or removing device such as a bearing attached to a shaft by shrink fitting.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, when pulling out a bearing or shaft joint that has been shrink-fitted on the shaft, the bearing mounted on the shaft is heated with a gas burner from the outside, and when it is determined empirically that the bearing has sufficiently expanded, The bearing is pulled by a puller or the like connected to the bearing for the first time after heating or after completion of heating, and is pulled out from the shaft.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the conventional method for pulling out a bearing or the like has a problem of using fire. Then, by heating the bearing or the like with a gas burner, the lubricating oil may burn and smoke may be generated. Further, there is a problem that the shaft is heated together by the flame of the gas burner and its radiant heat, and is thermally expanded together with the bearings. Furthermore, there is a problem that it is necessary to make a new determination every time as to how much the bearings and the like having different shapes and sizes should be heated.
[0004]
An object of the present invention is to provide a drawing apparatus such as a bearing and a shaft joint that is safer and can automate a series of drawing operations.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention is a coil that is mounted on or in the vicinity of a shaft mounting member, selectively inductively heats the shaft mounting member mounted on the shaft, and a biasing means that generates a biasing force that acts on the shaft mounting member. A movable member connected between the urging means and the shaft mounting member and transmitting an urging force to the shaft mounting member and movable with respect to the shaft together with the shaft mounting member by the urging force; and on the shaft mounting member One temperature sensor that detects the temperature of the shaft mounting member, and the other temperature sensor that is mounted on the shaft and detects the temperature of the shaft. Provided is a shaft mounting member pulling device in which the urging force acting on the shaft mounting member is variably controlled in accordance with a detected temperature difference between the shaft and the shaft mounting member .
[0006]
In this apparatus, the urging force output from the urging means acts on the shaft mounting member via the movable member. And this apparatus has both a biasing means and an induction heating means, and these can be operated simultaneously or continuously. Thus, according to this apparatus, when the shaft mounting member is selectively induction heated and sufficiently thermally expanded with respect to the shaft, the shaft mounting member can be immediately pulled out of the shaft by the biasing force. In other words, according to this apparatus, the shaft mounting member can be heated and pressurized (preload) continuously or simultaneously, so that the shaft mounting member is excessively expanded or sufficiently expanded. Nevertheless, it is prevented from being cooled and contracted again. Moreover, according to this apparatus, since the amount of thermal expansion of the shaft mounting member required for pulling out can be set small, the influence on the shaft mounting member due to heating is reduced. For example, when the initial biasing force is set small, the allowable stress is applied to the shaft mounting member according to the detection output of the sensors, that is, when the temperature difference between the shaft mounting member and the shaft reaches a set value. Thus, the urging force can be controlled. This prevents an overload from being applied to the shaft mounting member, the urging means, and the movable member connecting the two.
[0007]
The advantageous effects of this device are illustrated below. The first effect is that since no fire is used, the safety is high and the working environment is improved. The second effect is that heating and pressurization of the shaft mounting member can be executed simultaneously or continuously, so that the drawing operation can be automated and the influence of the shaft mounting member on the heating is reduced.
[0008]
The other viewpoints and features of the present invention are as described in the respective claims, and duplication of the description is omitted with reference thereto. Thus, each feature of each claim is considered to be described herein.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described.
[0010]
A pulling-out device such as a preferred bearing according to the present invention has an induction heating means for the shaft mounting member and an urging means for generating a biasing force acting on the shaft mounting member, and induction heating and pressurization to the shaft mounting member Done at the same time. Alternatively, induction heating and pressurization are continuously performed on the shaft mounting member.
[0011]
In a preferred drawing apparatus for a bearing or the like according to the present invention, a movable member (drawing jig) is configured to be engaged with the shaft mounting member. Note that the movable member and the shaft mounting member may be brought into contact with each other so that the both can be integrally stroked in a certain direction, and the both can be substantially engaged by this contact.
[0012]
A pulling-out device such as a preferred bearing according to the present invention has one temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the shaft mounting member and the other temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the shaft, and is detected by one and the other sensors. The biasing force acting on the shaft mounting member is variably controlled according to the temperature difference between the shaft and the shaft mounting member. For example, when the initial biasing force is set small, the allowable stress is applied to the shaft mounting member according to the detection output of the sensors, that is, when the temperature difference between the shaft mounting member and the shaft reaches a set value. Thus, the urging force can be controlled. This prevents an overload from being applied to the shaft mounting member, the urging means, and the movable member connecting the two.
[0013]
A pulling-out device such as a preferred bearing according to the present invention has a stroke sensor for directly or indirectly detecting the stroke of the biasing means, and the final stroke position of the biasing means can be set by this stroke sensor. Further, this stroke sensor can detect that the shaft mounting member has been sufficiently pulled out of the shaft, and when these are detected, the pulling device reduces the biasing force against the shaft mounting member or stops generating the biasing force. It is preferable to make it.
[0014]
A pulling-out device such as a preferred bearing according to the present invention is connected between the urging means and the shaft mounting member, transmits the urging force to the shaft mounting member, and moves with respect to the shaft together with the shaft mounting member by the urging force. A movable member (see movable plate 6, connecting rods 7 and 7, upper and lower clamps 8a and 8b in FIG. 1), and the shaft mounting member and the shaft are positioned substantially coaxially by guiding the stroke of the movable member. And a guide member (see the rails 10 and 10 in FIG. 1) for maintaining the state of being.
[0015]
A pulling-out device such as a preferred bearing according to the present invention provides a buffer between the shaft and the biasing means in order to prevent the end of the shaft from being damaged by the biasing means (cylinder) and to suppress the temperature rise of the shaft. A member is attached. The buffer member is preferably made of a soft material having high thermal conductivity such as copper or aluminum.
[0016]
In a preferred embodiment of the pulling device such as a bearing of the present invention, induction coils of various shapes, for example, coils of a flat shape, a cylindrical shape, and other shapes are used according to the shape and arrangement of the member to be induction-heated. It is done.
[0017]
In a preferred embodiment of the pulling-out device such as a bearing of the present invention, a hydraulic, hydraulic and pneumatic cylinder, or a pulling device such as a puller in some cases is used as the biasing means.
[0018]
In a preferred embodiment of the pulling-out device such as a bearing of the present invention, the frequency of the alternating current supplied to the coil for induction heating of the shaft mounting member is 10 kHz or more, more preferably 30 kHz or 40 kHz or more. Furthermore, this frequency is desirably set according to the thickness of the shaft mounting member to be induction heated. According to such an embodiment, the shaft mounting member is more selectively and locally heated by the skin effect, and magnetization of the shaft mounting member is prevented.
[0019]
The extraction device for a bearing or the like according to the present invention is applied to extraction of a bearing (bearing), a shaft joint (coupling, coupling flange, shaft joint), a rotor (rotor), and other shaft mounting members. In particular, the device according to the present invention is preferably used for extracting a bearing, a shaft joint and the like from a motor drive shaft installed in a power plant where the use of fire is extremely limited.
[0020]
【Example】
In order to further clarify the preferred embodiment of the present invention described above, an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
[0021]
[Example 1]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a drawing device such as a bearing according to an embodiment of the present invention. 2 is a plan view of FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a side view of FIG. 1, and FIG. 4 is a rear view of FIG.
[0022]
Referring to FIG. 1, this apparatus includes a base plate 9 installed on the floor, parallel rails 10 and 10 formed on the base plate 9, and a movable plate 6 movably engaged with the parallel rails 10 and 10. One end of the movable plate 6 is screwed and the parallel rods 7 and 7 are adjustable in length, and the upper and lower clamps 8a and 8b are held at the other ends of the parallel rods 7 and 7 so that the distance between them can be adjusted. The hydraulic cylinder 5 includes a piston 5a whose tip is connected and fixed to the tip of the shaft 2, a cylinder chamber 5b whose tip is supported or connected to the movable plate 6, and a hydraulic supply port 5c formed in the cylinder chamber 5b. And have.
[0023]
2 and 3, temperature sensors 13 a and 13 b are attached to the outer ring and the inner ring of the bearing 1, and a temperature sensor 14 is attached to the shaft 2. A stroke sensor 15 is attached on the base plate 9 in the vicinity of the rail engaging portion of the movable plate 6.
[0024]
An annular induction coil unit 4 is mounted on one side surface of the bearing 2. A flat induction coil 32 (see FIG. 5) is built in the induction coil unit 4, and a high frequency power supply 31 (see FIG. 5) is electrically connected to the induction coil 32.
[0025]
Next, the control configuration of this drawing apparatus will be described. FIG. 5 is a control block diagram of the drawing apparatus shown in FIG. 1, 2, and 5, the control unit 20 includes temperature information from the above-described temperature sensors 13 a, 13 b, and 14 and another temperature sensor (not shown) that detects overheating of the induction coil 32. , And the extraction jig 40 or the cylinder 5 from the stroke sensor 15 that detects the stroke position of the extraction jig 40 (consisting of movable members such as the upper and lower clamps 8a and 8b, the parallel rods 7 and 7 and the plate 6). Position information is input. The control unit 20 controls the heating unit 30 and the hydraulic unit 50 based on these input information, and the bearing 1 is heated through the heating unit 30 under these controls, and the hydraulic unit 50 and the extraction jig 40 are used. Thus, an urging force is applied between the bearing 1 and the shaft 2.
[0026]
Specifically, the heating unit 30 includes a high frequency power source 31 that outputs a high frequency current and an induction coil 32. The hydraulic unit 50 includes a hydraulic cylinder 5 and an electric hydraulic pump 52 that supplies hydraulic pressure thereto. The control unit 20 includes a power output control 21 for the high frequency power supply 31, a position control 23 for the extraction jig 40, an electric motor control 23 for the electric hydraulic pump 52, a hydraulic control 24 for the hydraulic cylinder 51, a temperature control 25 for the bearing 1 and the shaft 2. The apparatus stop control corresponding to the temperature detection of the induction coil 32 and the apparatus stop control corresponding to the abnormality detection 26 related to each of the controls 21 to 25 are configured.
[0027]
Next, with reference to FIG. 1, FIG. 2, and FIG. First, the induction coil unit 4 is mounted on one side surface of the bearing 1 in advance. The piston 5a of the hydraulic cylinder 5 is connected and fixed to the tip of the shaft 2, the cylinder chamber 5b of the hydraulic cylinder 5 is screwed and fixed to the movable plate 6, and the lengths of the connecting rods 7 and 7 are adjusted to adjust the vertical clamp 8a. , 8b are brought into contact with the other side surface of the bearing 2, and the hydraulic pressure supply port 5c is connected to a hydraulic pressure supply source. In this state, the control unit 20 transmits a command to the hydraulic unit 50 to open the cylinder chamber 5b and operate an electric motor that drives the electric hydraulic pump 52, thereby causing the cylinder 5 to have a relatively low hydraulic pressure (initial hydraulic pressure). (The hydraulic pressure is supplied so that the cylinder 5 extends). As a result, an urging force is generated so that the bearing 1 is pulled out, and a preload is applied between the bearing 1 and the shaft 2. Further, the operator uses the stroke sensor 15 to set the initial position of the movable plate 6, that is, the initial stroke position of the cylinder 5 and the final position of the movable plate 6 in consideration of the axial width of the bearing 4, that is, the final position of the hydraulic cylinder 5. Set the stroke position.
[0028]
Next, the control unit 20 transmits a command to the heating unit 30 to cause the high frequency power supply 31 to output a high frequency current to the induction coil 32. As a result, an alternating magnetic field is generated in the bearing 1, the bearing 1 is selectively heated and thermally expanded by the skin effect, and the inner diameter of the bearing 1 is gradually enlarged. At this time, the temperature information of the inner ring and outer ring of the bearing 1 and the shaft 2 is input to the control unit 20 from the temperature sensors 13a, 13b, and 14, and the control unit 20 outputs the output of the high-frequency power source 31 based on these temperature information. The output of the high frequency power supply 31 is stopped when the bearing 1 reaches a predetermined temperature.
[0029]
Next, when the control unit 20 transmits a command to the hydraulic unit 50 based on the temperature information and determines that the difference between the inner diameter of the bearing 1 and the outer diameter of the shaft 2 has sufficiently expanded due to the thermal expansion of the bearing 1, Increase or set the oil pressure to the maximum. Immediately thereafter, the cylinder chamber 5b strokes to the right in FIG. 2, and the pulling jig 40 such as the movable plate 6, the connecting rods 7, 7, the upper and lower clamps 8a, 8b and the bearing 1 are engaged with each other in FIG. The stroke is integrally made to the middle right, and the bearing 2 is pulled out from the shaft 1. At this time, when the stroke sensor 15 detects that the movable plate 6 has reached the final position, that is, that the hydraulic cylinder 5 has reached the final stroke position, the stroke sensor 15 transmits position information indicating this to the control unit 20 and performs control. Unit 20 stops the increase in hydraulic pressure and induction heating.
[0030]
Referring to FIG. 2, a soft and high thermal conductivity buffer member 11 (shown in phantom) can be attached between the shaft 2 and the tip of the piston rod 5 a in contact with the tip surface of the shaft 2. The buffer member 11 prevents the tip of the shaft 2 from being damaged by the piston rod 5a and suppresses the temperature rise of the shaft 2.
[0031]
Using the drawing apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention described above, a bearing drawing experiment was performed. The measurement conditions and measurement results are described below.
[0032]
Bearing inner diameter: 100 mm;
Bearing outer diameter: 215 mm;
Bearing material: High carbon chromium bearing steel;
Shaft outer diameter (bearing fitting part): 100 mm;
Shaft material: S45C;
Frequency: 25 kHz;
Generated hydraulic pressure range: 0 to 58,000 kPa;
Initial setting oil pressure: 4,000 kPa;
Hydraulic pressure when the bearing starts to move: 9800 kPa;
Bearing heating completion set temperature (outer ring): 120 ° C;
Bearing heating completion set temperature (inner ring): 120 ° C;
Heating completion set temperature difference of bearing (temperature difference between bearing and shaft): 21 ° C;
Duration: 3.5 minutes.
[0033]
[Example 2]
Next, as another embodiment of the present invention, an example in which the apparatus according to the present invention is used for extracting a shaft joint will be described. Since the basic structure of the apparatus of this embodiment is the same as that of the apparatus according to the first embodiment, only the differences between the two will be described below. The similar points will be appropriately described in the first embodiment. The description can be referred to.
[0034]
FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing a main part of a drawing apparatus such as a shaft joint according to another embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 6, in this embodiment, an annular induction coil unit 4a and a cylindrical or belt-like induction coil are provided on one side surface and outer peripheral surface of a shaft joint 3 (coupling flange) fitted on the shaft 2. Each unit 4b is mounted. A clamp 8 is provided so as to contact the other side surface of the shaft joint 3, and a soft and high thermal conductivity buffer member 11 is in contact with the tip surface of the shaft 2 between the tip of the cylinder rod 5 a and the tip of the shaft 2. It is installed. Also in this embodiment, as in the first embodiment, when the shaft joint 3 is selectively induction heated and sufficiently thermally expanded, it is pulled out from the shaft 2 by the hydraulic cylinder.
[0035]
【The invention's effect】
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, extraction apparatuses, such as a bearing and a shaft joint, which are safer and can automate a series of drawing operations are provided.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a drawing device such as a bearing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a plan view of the apparatus shown in FIG.
3 is a side view of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1. FIG.
4 is a rear view of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1. FIG.
FIG. 5 is a control block diagram of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is an explanatory view of a drawing device such as a shaft joint according to another embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Bearing
2 axis (shaft)
2a, 2b One shaft, the other shaft 3 Shaft coupling (coupling flange)
4, 4a, 4b Induction coil unit 5 Hydraulic cylinder (biasing means)
5a Piston 5b Cylinder chamber 5c Hydraulic supply port 6 Movable plate 7 Connecting rod 8 Clamp 8a Upper clamp 8b Lower clamp 9 Base plate 10, 10 Parallel rail 11 Buffer member 13a, 13b Temperature sensor 14 Temperature sensor 15 Stroke sensor 20 Control unit 21 Power output Control 22 Position control 23 Motor control 24 Hydraulic control 25 Temperature control 26 Abnormality detection 30 Heating unit 31 High frequency power supply 32 Inductive coil 40 Extraction jig 50 Hydraulic unit 52 Electric hydraulic pump

Claims (7)

An apparatus for pulling out a shaft mounting member such as a bearing and a shaft joint from a shaft,
A coil that is mounted on or near the shaft mounting member and selectively induction-heats the shaft mounting member mounted on the shaft;
Biasing means for generating a biasing force acting on the shaft mounting member;
A movable member that is connected between the biasing means and the shaft mounting member, transmits the biasing force to the shaft mounting member, and is movable with respect to the shaft together with the shaft mounting member by the biasing force. When,
One temperature sensor mounted on the shaft mounting member and detecting the temperature of the shaft mounting member;
The other temperature sensor mounted on the shaft and detecting the temperature of the shaft;
Have
The biasing force acting on the shaft mounting member is variably controlled according to a temperature difference between the shaft and the shaft mounting member detected by the one and the other sensors;
Extracting device of the shaft mounting member you characterized.   2. The apparatus for pulling out a shaft mounting member according to claim 1, wherein induction heating of the shaft mounting member and application of a biasing force to the shaft mounting member are performed simultaneously or continuously. Extracting device of the shaft mounting member according to claim 1, wherein further comprising a stroke sensor for detecting directly or indirectly the movement of the movable member. To guide the movement of said movable member, said biasing force of any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that it comprises a guide member to act in parallel with the central axis of the shaft mounting member and said shaft Pull-out device for shaft mounting member. The shaft mounting member extraction device according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein an AC frequency supplied to the coil is 10 kHz or more. An apparatus for pulling out a shaft mounting member such as a bearing and a shaft joint from a shaft,
Base and
A rail formed on the base;
A cylinder that generates an urging force acting on the shaft mounting member and is capable of stroking along the axial direction of the shaft mounting member;
A movable plate that is movably engaged with the rail and connected to the cylinder, and is movable with the cylinder by the biasing force;
One end of which is supported by the movable plate, and a connecting rod that can be stroked with the movable plate by the biasing force;
A clamp that is held at the other end of the connecting rod and is engaged with the shaft mounting member, and can be stroked together with the connecting rod and the shaft mounting member by the biasing force;
A coil that is mounted on or near the shaft mounting member and selectively induction-heats the shaft mounting member mounted on the shaft;
A temperature sensor mounted on the shaft mounting member and detecting its temperature;
Control means for variably controlling the biasing force applied to the shaft mounting member based at least on the temperature of the shaft mounting member detected by the temperature sensor;
An apparatus for pulling out a shaft mounting member, comprising: An apparatus for pulling out a shaft mounting member such as a bearing and a shaft joint from a shaft,
A coil that is mounted on or near the shaft mounting member and selectively induction-heats the shaft mounting member mounted on the shaft;
Biasing means for generating a biasing force acting on the shaft mounting member;
A movable member that is connected between the biasing means and the shaft mounting member, transmits the biasing force to the shaft mounting member, and is movable with respect to the shaft together with the shaft mounting member by the biasing force. When,
Have
A buffer member is attached between the shaft and the biasing means in contact with the end of the shaft, and the biasing means is supported by the end of the shaft via the buffer member. and extracting device of the shaft mounting member you.

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