JP4377211B2 - Local lighting - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a technique for uniformly illuminating the entire irradiated surface in application to a reading lamp, a bed lamp, a map lamp, and the like.

  In a local illumination lamp such as a reading lamp, the ability to irradiate light with a high degree of uniformity on an assumed irradiated surface is required.

  Then, a configuration using an incandescent bulb and a reflecting mirror (for example, see Patent Document 1), or a configuration using no reflecting mirror, for example, a light emitting diode as a light source, and a projection lens such as a plano-convex lens is used forward. The structure etc. to irradiate are known.

US Pat. No. 3,588,493

  By the way, the conventional local illumination lamp has a problem that it is difficult to obtain a uniform illuminance distribution on the irradiated surface with an assumed irradiation distance or a complicated configuration is required.

  For example, assuming that a point light source is used and optical design is performed by arranging a plano-convex lens having an aspheric front surface (exit surface) and a flat rear surface, the light source actually used is a surface light source. The emission intensity distribution having an angle dependency around the optical axis is a problem. In light emitting diodes and the like, when light emitted from a central portion having a high light emission intensity is irradiated as it is toward an irradiated surface, the central portion of the irradiation range becomes too bright or the peripheral portion becomes dark. .

  Accordingly, the present invention provides a local illumination lamp using a light source using a light emitting element and a lens disposed in front of the light source, and a wide range of the central portion of the irradiated surface by controlling the diffusion angle according to the emission intensity distribution. Therefore, it is an object to uniformly illuminate the light source and to avoid the complication of the configuration.

  In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention includes a light source using a light emitting element and a lens disposed in front of the light source, and has a substantially rectangular shape (including a square shape) on an irradiated surface. A local illumination lamp for forming a light distribution pattern has the following configuration.

The lens has a first lens portion located near the optical axis and a second lens portion adjacent to the periphery of the first lens portion.
Of the direct light emitted from the light emitting element, the light transmitted through the first lens unit is irradiated forward with a first diffusion angle, and the light transmitted through the second lens unit is a first diffusion angle. Irradiate forward with a smaller diffusion angle.

  Therefore, in the present invention, it is possible to control the light diffusion angle according to the light intensity by dividing the lens portion according to the light emission intensity distribution.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to realize uniform illumination on the surface to be irradiated, and therefore there is no significant complication of the configuration.

  And a structure is simplified by making a lens into 2 divisions, a 1st lens part and a 2nd lens part, and it can irradiate toward a to-be-irradiated surface with a big diffusion angle about the light with strong light intensity.

  Further, the efficiency can be increased by making the exit surface of each lens part an aspherical surface, and the thickness can be reduced by making the exit surface a Fresnel lens surface.

  When the outer diameter of the irradiated surface is denoted as “W” and the irradiation distance to the irradiated surface is denoted as “L”, the light axis emitted from the light source and transmitted through the first lens portion is taken as the central axis. Irradiation is performed while extending within an angle “2 · θ = 2 · arctan ((W / 2) / L)” (where “arctan ()” represents an arctangent function). Thereby, it is possible to prevent the illuminance at the central portion on the irradiated surface from becoming excessively high by sufficiently diffusing light having a high emission intensity passing through the vicinity of the optical axis.

  By providing a mechanism for adjusting or setting the position of the light emitting element along the optical axis, the irradiation range with respect to the irradiated surface can be freely set. In that case, the substrate is attached to the first mounting seat surface among the plurality of mounting seat surfaces provided on the support member for the substrate and the lens member of the light emitting element, and the lens member mounting portion is provided on the substrate. The configuration can be simplified by allowing the lens member to be selected by rotating the lens member around the optical axis as to whether it is to be attached or the lens member attachment portion is attached to the second attachment seating surface. Becomes easy.

  Furthermore, by using a light emitting diode as the light emitting element and projecting the shape of the light emitting portion with a lens, the shape of the irradiation range can be defined using the shape of the light emitting portion.

  The present invention provides a configuration for irradiating a surface to be irradiated with light from a light source using a light emitting element via a lens arranged in front of the lamp as a lamp suitable for local illumination such as a reading lamp. A substantially rectangular light distribution pattern (eg, a substantially concentric square light distribution) can be formed on the irradiated surface.

  FIG. 1 shows a configuration example in which the present invention is applied to an aircraft reading light.

  The local illumination lamp 1 includes a substrate 3 on which a plurality of light emitting elements 2a, 2a,... Constituting a light source 2 are mounted, a lens member 4 having a plurality of lens elements 4a, 4a,. The support member 5 is provided.

  On the substrate 3, a plurality of light emitting elements 2a are arranged with rotational symmetry around the optical axis. In this example, four light emitting diodes (LEDs) are arranged on the plane orthogonal to the optical axis as the light emitting elements 2a. It is located at each vertex of the square. In the substrate 3 having a substantially square shape when viewed from the optical axis direction, mounting holes 3a and 3a are formed at corners on one diagonal line, and notches 3b and 3b are formed at corners on the other diagonal line, respectively. Is formed. A circular hole 3 c is formed in the center of the substrate 3.

  The lens member 4 formed of transparent synthetic resin or the like has lens elements 4a corresponding to the respective light emitting elements 2a. In this example, four lens elements corresponding to the respective light emitting diodes are arranged on the optical axis. It is located at each vertex of the square on the orthogonal plane. The mounting portions 4b and 4b are formed integrally with other portions (peripheral portions), and they are provided at symmetrical positions around the optical axis (in this example, positions opposite to each other across the optical axis). It has mounting holes 4c and 4c in the center thereof.

  The lens member 4 and the substrate 3 are disposed in a two-part sphere 6. The spherical portion 6 is configured by combining two parts 6a and 6a (not shown in the drawing), and rotates in a space formed by the ring member 7 and the flanged ring member 8. Housed in a movable state. Then, the front ring 9 is attached to one opening of the spherical portion 6, and the front ring 9 is exposed to the outside through the flanged ring member 8.

  The support member 5 has a substantially square plate shape when viewed from the optical axis direction, and has a plurality of mounting seat surfaces 5 a and 5 b for the substrate 3 and the lens member 4. The first mounting seat surface 5a and the second mounting seat surface 5b have different positions in the direction along the optical axis. In this example, the first mounting seat surface is a flat surface. A second mounting seat surface 5b is formed as a stepped surface with respect to 5a, and the shape thereof is a shape corresponding to the mounting portion 4b of the lens member 4 (in this example, a quadrangle). Holes 5ah and 5ah (only one of them is shown in the figure) are formed in the first mounting seat surface 5a, and holes 5bh and 5bh are formed in the second mounting seat surface 5b and 5b. . A circular hole 5 c is formed at the center of the support member 5.

  The support member 5 is attached to the heat sink 10 on the back surface thereof, and heat of the light emitting element 2a is transmitted from the substrate 3 to the heat sink 10 via the support member 5 and is dissipated to the outside.

  The power supply to the light emitting element 2 a on the substrate 3 is performed using a wiring member 11 from a circuit unit (not shown), and light emitted from each light emitting element 2 a and then transmitted through the lens element 4 a is externally transmitted through the front ring 9. Is irradiated. At that time, the user can change the irradiation direction to a desired direction by changing the postures of the front ring 9 and the sphere 6 by rotation.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a main part of the optical system, and shows the light emitting diode 12 and the lens 13.

  The light emitted from the light emitting portion 12a of the light emitting diode 12 is irradiated toward the lens 13, but the emission intensity distribution is strong at the central portion and becomes weaker toward the peripheral portion. The light emitting unit 12a includes an LED chip, a chip reflector, and the like.

  The lens 13 constituting the lens element 4a is a plano-convex lens in this example (the incident surface is a flat surface and the exit surface is a convex curved surface).

  The lens 13 is divided into a plurality of lens portions corresponding to the light emission intensity distribution of the light emitting diode 12, and in this example, the first lens portion 13A located near the optical axis and the second lens portion 13B adjacent to the periphery thereof. have.

  And about the shape of the output surface of each lens part, it is designed so that it may irradiate toward the to-be-irradiated surface with a large diffusion angle, so that the light with the strong light intensity emitted from the light emitting diode is emitted. Light having a high light intensity emitted from the light emitting diode 12 is transmitted through the first lens portion 13A as shown by light rays L1, L1,... In FIG. 2, and is irradiated forward in an angle range indicated by “θ” in FIG. Is done. Further, light having a light intensity lower than that of the light beam L1 is transmitted forward through the second lens portion 13B, as indicated by light beams L2, L2,... In this case, the light beam L1 is irradiated toward the irradiated surface with a larger diffusion angle than the light beam L2.

  The shapes of the exit surfaces of the first lens portion 13A and the second lens portion 13B are aspheric surfaces having different curvatures, and the focal lengths of the lens portions are different. That is, when it is assumed that light assumed to be emitted from the focal position of each surface passes through the lens and becomes parallel light, the focal length related to the emission surface of the first lens portion 13A is “fA”, the second lens When the focal length related to the exit surface of the portion 13B is denoted as “fB”, “fA> fB”. In addition, about the curvature radius of an output surface, the 1st lens part 13A is generally larger than the 2nd lens part 13B.

  Not only such an aspherical surface but also a form using a Fresnel lens surface is possible. In other words, in the case of an aspherical lens, the efficiency is higher than that of a Fresnel lens, but it has disadvantages such as requiring a certain thickness and inferior moldability. It is preferable to use a Fresnel lens (note that the inclination of each annular zone of the Fresnel lens may be determined by a known method from the light diffusion angle based on the light emission intensity distribution of the light emitting diode 12 as described above). In consideration of moldability, it is preferable to use a plastic lens.

  FIG. 3 is a ray tracing diagram for explaining an irradiation range of the surface to be irradiated “S” by the optical system, and shows representative irradiation rays selected.

  The meanings of the symbols shown in the figure are as follows.

“L” = irradiation distance to irradiated surface S “W” = outer diameter of irradiated surface S

  The irradiation distance L is, for example, 1.1176 m (44 inches) or 1.524 m (60 inches), and the assumed irradiated surface S is a square with one side W = 0.4572 m (18 inches). .

  When the angle “θ” is defined as “tan θ = (W / 2) / L”, the light emitted from the light emitting diode 12 and then transmitted through the first lens portion 13A has an angle “2” with the optical axis as the central axis. -Irradiated with expanding in the range of "θ". In other words, light with strong emission intensity in the vicinity of the optical axis is sufficiently diffused by the first lens portion 13A, so that the illuminance at the central portion on the irradiated surface S can be prevented from becoming too high.

  FIG. 4A is a schematic diagram of a light distribution pattern on the irradiated surface, and FIG. 4B is an explanatory diagram schematically showing an example of illuminance distribution in the lower (B) diagram.

  “X” and “Y” in the figure indicate two axes orthogonal to each other, and the intersection of the two coincides with the intersection of the irradiated surface S and the optical axis.

  A substantially rectangular light distribution pattern is formed on the irradiated surface, and in this example, a square pattern is shown. That is, a substantially concentric rectangular light distribution is obtained.

  Further, regarding the illuminance distribution, a graph curve “G” in which the horizontal axis indicates the position on the X axis or the Y axis (or the distance from the light distribution center position) and the vertical axis indicates the illuminance “E”. As shown in the figure, the degree of uniformity in the center of the light distribution pattern can be increased, and uniform illumination light can be obtained over a wide range from the center.

  A graph curve “g” indicated by a broken line schematically shows an example of illuminance distribution when a planoconvex lens having a single a focal point and having a front surface as an aspheric surface is used as a conventional lens configuration. In this case, with respect to the diffusion angle of the light emitted from the light emitting portion of the light emitting diode and transmitted through the lens, the light rays close to the optical axis tend to be small and increase toward the outer peripheral portion. That is, since the strong light emitted from the central part of the light emitting part passes through the paraxial region of the lens, it is irradiated without spreading so much toward the irradiated surface. As a result, it is bright at the center of the light distribution pattern, but relatively dark at the peripheral part, resulting in uneven brightness.

  Next, the position setting of the light emitting element on the optical axis will be described.

  In the configuration where the setting position of the light emitting element with respect to the lens is fixed on the optical axis, the irradiation range on the irradiated surface located at the assumed irradiation distance is always constant, but the position of the light emitting element is on the optical axis. By providing a mechanism for adjusting or setting along, an irradiation range with respect to the irradiated surface can be defined.

  FIGS. 5 and 6 schematically show structural examples in which the distance between the light emitting element and the lens can be set in two stages. In these figures, FIG. A front view of the lens member and the like viewed from the axial direction, and a lower view (B) are schematic views viewed from the side orthogonal to the optical axis.

  In FIG. 5A, the mounting portions 4b and 4b of the lens member 4 are located on diagonal lines extending diagonally upward to the right, and are also rectangular frames (upper left corner and lower right corner) indicated by alternate long and short dashed lines in the drawing. Represents a portion of the substrate 3 in which the mounting hole 3a is formed and a portion of the support member 5 that is the first mounting seat surface 5a.

  As described above, the support member 5 is formed with the first mounting seat surface 5a and the second mounting seat surface 5b. In FIG. 5, the mounting portion 4b, the notch 3b of the substrate 3, the second The lens member 4 and the substrate 3 are attached to the support member 5 in a state where the mounting seat surface 5b is positioned on the same axis parallel to the optical axis.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 5B, the fastening members 14 and 14 such as screws are respectively inserted into the mounting holes 3a and 3a of the board 3, and the board 3 is used for the first mounting using the members. It is attached on the seating surfaces 5a and 5a. The mounting portions 4b and 4b of the lens member 4 are positioned on the second mounting seating surfaces 5b and 5b through the notches 3b and 3b of the substrate 3, and are inserted into the mounting holes 4c and 4c and the holes 5bh and 5bh. Are attached to the support member 5 using the fastening members 15 and 15 (hereinafter, this state is referred to as “first attachment state”).

  On the other hand, FIG. 6A shows a state in which the lens member 4 is rotated at an angle of 90 ° counterclockwise from the state shown in FIG. That is, the mounting portions 4b and 4b of the lens member 4 are positioned on diagonal lines extending obliquely upward to the left, and the rectangular frame indicated by the alternate long and short dash line in the drawing (see the upper right corner and the lower left corner) is notched on the substrate 3. 3b and the part of 2nd mounting seat surface 5b among the supporting members 5 are represented.

  In FIG. 6, the lens member 4 and the substrate 3 in a state where the mounting portion 4b, the mounting hole 3a of the substrate 3 and the hole 5ah of the first mounting seat surface 5a are located on the same axis parallel to the optical axis. Is attached to the support member 5.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 6B, the fastening members 16 and 16 such as screws are inserted into the mounting holes 4c and 4c of the lens member 4 and the mounting holes 3a and 3a of the substrate 3, respectively. The substrate 3 and the lens member 4 are attached to the support member 5 using this (hereinafter, this state is referred to as “second attachment state”).

  As described above, in the first mounting state using the four fastening members, the distance between the lens and the light emitting diode (see “d1” in FIG. 5) is defined based on the second mounting seat surface 5b. Is done. In the second mounting state using two fastening members, the distance between the lens and the light-emitting diode (see “d2” in FIG. 6) is based on the surface of the substrate 3 mounted on the first mounting seat surface 5a. ”) Is defined. Therefore, when the two mounting states are compared, the distance between the lens and the light emitting diode is larger in the second mounting state than in the first mounting state (d1 <d2).

  In the combination of the lens member 4, the substrate 3, and the support member 5, the lens member 4 is mounted on the substrate 3 in the first mounting state and the lens member 4 rotated from the state around the optical axis. The second mounting state can be arbitrarily selected with a simple configuration. That is, whether to attach the attachment portion 4b of the lens member 4 on the substrate 3 attached to the first attachment seat surface 5a or to attach the attachment portion 4b of the lens member 4 to the second attachment seat surface 5b, Since the lens member 4 can be selected by rotating around the optical axis, the irradiation range (area) can be changed according to the irradiation distance.

  In this example, the interval between the lens and the light-emitting diode can be set in two stages, but can naturally be applied to a configuration in which three or more stages can be set (for example, Three or more types of mounting seat surfaces may be formed on the support member 5).

  In the above description, an example in which a light distribution pattern having a substantially rectangular shape is formed on the irradiated surface, but the range on the irradiated surface is irradiated with an arbitrary shape (for example, a circle or a polygon). In the case where the user wants to do so, the configuration forms shown below are listed.

・ Preliminarily create lenses with various cross-sectional shapes in which the cross-sectional shape when the lens is cut along a plane perpendicular to the optical axis is adjusted to the desired shape (for example, polygonal shape, star shape, etc.) A mode in which the lens is selected and used. A mode in which a mask member having a predetermined shape is arranged on the incident side or the outgoing side of the lens.

  A form in which a light emitting unit (LED chip or chip reflector) is formed in a desired shape and projected by a lens.

  When a mask member is used, since the opening of the member functions as an aperture, it is necessary to pay attention to a reduction in light amount due to light shielding.

  Moreover, in order to reduce the influence on the illuminance distribution due to the uneven emission intensity of the LED chip in the light-emitting diode, for example, the following configuration forms are exemplified.

(I) A mode in which the position of the light emitting part of the LED is intentionally shifted in the optical axis direction with respect to the focal point of the lens. (II) Roughening is performed by applying a satin finish or the like on both the front and back surfaces of the lens. Form (III) Form in which a light diffusing plate is disposed on the exit surface side or the entrance surface side of the lens, or both sides. (IV) Form using a lens material containing a light diffusing material.

  Note that (I) can be handled only by setting the position of the light emitting part, so no additional parts are required. However, if priority is given to uniform illumination distribution, the processing of (II) and (III) Proactive measures such as addition are also necessary in some cases. In (IV), for example, in a plastic lens, a synthetic resin material mixed with glass powder is used (a combination of materials having different refractive indexes is used).

It is a disassembled perspective view which shows the structural example to which this invention is applied. It is a figure which shows the principal part about an example of the optical system which concerns on this invention. It is a ray tracing diagram for demonstrating the irradiation range to the to-be-irradiated surface by the optical system of FIG. (A) The figure shows the schematic of the light distribution pattern on a to-be-irradiated surface, (B) The figure is the graph which showed roughly the example of illumination distribution. It is a figure which shows the structural example which enabled it to set the space | interval of a light emitting element and a lens over 2 steps with FIG. 6, and this figure is a figure which shows a 1st attachment state. It is a figure which shows a 2nd attachment state.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Local illumination light, 2 ... Light source, 2a ... Light emitting element, 3 ... Board | substrate, 4 ... Lens member, 4a ... Lens element, 4b ... Mounting part, 5 ... Support member, 5a ... First mounting seat surface, 5b ... second mounting seat surface, 12 ... light emitting diode, 12a ... light emitting portion, 13 ... lens, 13A, 13B ... lens portion, 13A ... first lens portion, 13B ... second lens portion

Claims (6)

In a local illumination lamp that includes a light source using a light emitting element and a lens arranged in front of the light source, and forms a substantially rectangular light distribution pattern on an irradiated surface.
The lens has a first lens portion (13A) located near the optical axis, and a second lens portion (13B) adjacent to the periphery of the first lens portion,
Of the direct light emitted from the light emitting element, the light (L1) transmitted through the first lens unit is irradiated forward with a first diffusion angle, and the light (L2) transmitted through the second lens unit is transmitted. A local illumination lamp characterized by being irradiated forward with a diffusion angle smaller than the first diffusion angle . In the local illumination lamp of Claim 1 ,
The exit surfaces of the first lens unit and the second lens unit are aspherical surfaces or Fresnel lens surfaces, respectively, and the focal length associated with the exit surface of the first lens unit is the focal point associated with the exit surface of the second lens unit. Local lighting characterized by being longer than the distance. In the local illumination lamp of Claim 1 or Claim 2 ,
When the outer diameter of the irradiated surface is “W”, the irradiation distance to the irradiated surface is “L”, and “tan θ = (W / 2) / L”,
The local illuminating lamp, wherein the light emitted from the light source and transmitted through the first lens unit is irradiated while spreading within an angle range of “2 · θ” with the optical axis as a central axis. In the local illumination light as described in any one of Claims 1 thru | or 3 ,
A local illumination lamp characterized in that an irradiation range with respect to the irradiated surface is defined by providing a mechanism for adjusting or setting the position of the light emitting element along the optical axis. In the local illumination light as described in any one of Claims 1 thru | or 4 ,
A local illumination lamp characterized in that a light emitting diode (12) is used as the light emitting element, and the shape of the light emitting portion is projected by the lens. In a local illumination lamp that includes a light source using a light emitting element and a lens arranged in front of the light source, and forms a substantially rectangular light distribution pattern on an irradiated surface.
The lens is divided into a plurality of lens portions (13A, 13B) corresponding to the light emission intensity distribution of the light emitting element, and among the light emitted from the light emitting element, the light having higher light intensity has a larger diffusion angle. Irradiated from the lens part toward the irradiated surface,
By providing a mechanism for adjusting or setting the position of the light emitting element along the optical axis, an irradiation range for the irradiated surface is defined,
A substrate (3) in which a plurality of light emitting elements are arranged rotationally symmetrically around a second optical axis parallel to the optical axis, a plurality of lens elements (4a) corresponding to each of the light emitting elements, and a second mounting portions at symmetrical positions around the optical axis and the lens member having (4b) (4), provided with a plurality of mounting seat surface for the substrate and the lens member (5a, 5b) supporting member (5) having a ,
The first mounting seat surface (5a) and the second mounting seat surface (5b) have different positions in the direction along the second optical axis, and are attached to the first mounting seat surface. It is possible to select whether to attach the lens member mounting portion on the substrate or to attach the lens member mounting portion to the second mounting seat surface.

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