JP4368534B2 - Tunnel excavator - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a tunnel excavator that forms a tunnel in the ground.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As shown in FIG. 9, when the ventilation tunnel 40 is dug and joined to the existing tunnel 6 from the ground, the ventilation tunnel 40 is avoided in order to avoid the gas pipe 41 or the road 42 existing vertically above the existing tunnel 6. May be formed diagonally.
[0003]
As shown in FIG. 10, the tunnel 40 for ventilation is formed using a tunnel excavator 43.
[0004]
The tunnel excavator 43 is adapted to obtain a propulsive force by being pushed in from the rear in the traveling direction, and the propulsion pipe 44 is sequentially added to the rear of the tunnel excavator 43 and the rearmost propulsion pipe 44 is pushed forward. It has become.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, when the tunnel excavator 43 is dug to join the ventilation tunnel 40 obliquely to the existing tunnel 6, a large uncut portion 45 is generated between the existing tunnel 6 and the tunnel excavator 43. There was a problem of ending up. The uncut portion 45 had to be removed by civil engineering work, which was difficult.
[0006]
In addition, as shown in FIG. 11, it has been considered to use a tunnel excavator 47 in which the cutter 46 is inclined in advance in accordance with the inclination of the joint surface 7, but the thrust resistance force on the front surface of the cutter 46 is affected by the inclination of the cutter 46. Since the component force acts in the radial direction, there is a problem that the posture during excavation is not stable.
[0007]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a tunnel excavator that can solve the above-described problems and can stably dig without leaving a large uncut portion with an underground structure such as an existing tunnel. There is to do.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is a tunnel excavator that digs toward an underground structure such as an existing tunnel to join a new tunnel, and excavates earth and sand in the forward direction in the excavator body. A cutter is provided to be tiltable so as to match the inclination of the joint surface of the underground structure.
[0009]
Until reaching the vicinity of the underground structure, the direction can be controlled stably by turning the cutter in the direction of excavation without tilting. After reaching the vicinity of the underground structure, the cutter is aligned with the joint surface. By inclining and further digging in this way, it is possible to dig up to just before the joint surface without leaving large pieces of earth and sand.
[0010]
Moreover, the said excavator main body is good to have a slide hood which penetrates to the natural ground ahead of the advancing direction so that the joint surface vicinity of the said underground structure may be earthed.
[0011]
The cutter is preferably inclined with respect to the rotational center position of the cutter front end.
[0012]
In addition, a bulkhead surface is formed at the front end portion of the excavator main body so as to be concaved backward while extending inward in the radial direction, and the cutter is pivoted on a plate-shaped guide member that moves along the bulkhead surface. It is good to provide the axial support part to support.
[0013]
The guide member may be provided with an annular seal that is in contact with the bulkhead surface, and a scraper may be provided on the outer periphery of the guide member for removing foreign matter adhering to the bulkhead surface.
[0014]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0015]
As shown in FIG. 1, the tunnel excavator 1 includes an excavator main body 3 having substantially the same outer diameter as the propelling pipe 2 to be pushed, and a cutter unit 4 provided on the excavator main body 3 so as to be tiltable. A cutter 5 to be described later with respect to the excavator body 3 is provided so as to be tiltable so as to match the inclination of the joint surface 7 of the existing tunnel 6 which is an underground structure.
[0016]
The excavator body 3 has a cylindrical first skin plate 8 that forms an outer shell, and a substantially cylindrical shape that is inserted inside the first skin plate 8 so as to be axially slidable and fixed via a pin 9. And a second skin plate 10.
[0017]
The first skin plate 8 is separated from the second skin plate 10 by removing the pins 9, and the slide hood is inserted into the ground in front of the digging direction by pushing away from the second skin plate 10. Doubles as
[0018]
And the 1st skin plate 8 is formed so that the front end may be matched with the shape of the existing tunnel 6 to be joined, and is in contact with the joining surface 7 of the existing tunnel 6 with almost no gap by penetrating into the natural ground, The vicinity of the joint surface 7 is secured with high accuracy.
[0019]
The second skin plate 10 has a sufficiently smaller inner diameter than the propulsion tube 2 so that the second skin plate 10 can be easily inserted into the propulsion tube 2 after the first skin plate 8 described later is cut off. It has become.
[0020]
The first skin plate 8 includes a rear cylinder 11 connected to the propulsion pipe 2 and a front cylinder 12 connected to the front of the rear cylinder 11 so as to be freely bent.
[0021]
The rear barrel 11 is detachably provided with a partition wall 13 for preventing water from entering the propelling pipe 2. Even if water enters the propelling pipe 2, water enters the tunnel excavator 1. It is supposed not to let you.
[0022]
The second skin plate 10 is in close contact with the front barrel 12 through a ring-shaped slide seal 14 and is fixed through pins 9.
[0023]
A bulkhead surface 15 is formed at the front end of the second skin plate 10 to guide the tilting of the cutter unit 4 and to liquid-tightly close the front end of the second skin plate 10.
[0024]
The bulkhead surface 15 is formed so as to recede in a concave shape backward while extending radially inward from the second skin plate 10. Specifically, the bulkhead surface 15 is formed in a spherical shape centered on one point on the central axis 16 of the first skin plate 8, and a rotation center position 17 at the front end of the cutter 5 described later is formed at the center. It is supposed to be positioned.
[0025]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the bulkhead surface 15 is formed with a long hole 18 through which the cutter unit 4 can be tilted.
[0026]
The second skin plate 10 is connected to the rear cylinder 11 via a plurality of directional control jacks 19 arranged at approximately equal intervals in the circumferential direction. The front torso 12 is bent.
[0027]
The cutter unit 4 is pivotally supported by a plate-shaped guide member 20 that moves along the bulkhead surface 15, a shaft support portion 21 that is provided integrally with the guide member 20 and that supports the cutter 5, and a shaft support portion 21. The cutter 5 includes a cutter 5 for excavating a natural ground ahead of the traveling direction, and a drive device 23 that is provided on the shaft support portion 21 via a support frame 22 and rotationally drives the cutter 5. Are connected to the second skin plate 10.
[0028]
As shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 6, the guide member 20 is formed in a substantially disk shape and covers the long hole 18 formed in the bulkhead surface 15 at any position within the movable range. It is supposed to close.
[0029]
Further, the guide member 20 is provided with an annular seal 25 that contacts the bulkhead surface 15 and a scraper 26 for removing foreign matters such as earth and sand adhered to the bulkhead surface 15.
[0030]
The scraper 26 is formed of a metal in an annular shape, and is integrally provided on the outer periphery of the guide member 20.
[0031]
The seal 25 is provided on the inner peripheral side of the scraper 26 and is brought into contact with the bulkhead surface 15 after foreign matter is dropped by the scraper 26 to seal between the bulkhead surface 15 and the guide member 20 in a liquid-tight manner. It is like that.
[0032]
As shown in FIG. 1, the shaft support 21 is provided at the center of the guide member 20, and the center of rotation of the cutter 5 is the center axis 16 of the first skin plate 8 when the guide member 20 is directed forward in the digging direction. It is designed to be positioned above.
[0033]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the cutter 5 is formed by providing a number of cutter bits 29 on a cutter frame 28 provided at a right angle to a rotating shaft 27 supported by a shaft support portion 21. Is arranged so that the rotation center position 17 of the front end of the cutter 5 is positioned at the center of the spherical surface forming the shape of the cutter.
[0034]
The cutter frame 28 is provided with a copy cutter 30 that can expand and contract radially outward. When the cutter 5 is tilted, the cutter frame 28 is extended so that at least the first skin plate 8 can be excavated. It can be done.
[0035]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, the support frame 22 is supported by a tilting guide 31 provided on the second skin plate 10 via a guide pin 32.
[0036]
The inclination guide 31 is provided in parallel with a predetermined interval on the outer peripheral side of the first rail 33 and the arch-shaped first rail 33 provided so as to span between the inner peripheral surfaces of the second skin plate 10. The second rail 34 is provided so as to sandwich the support frame 22 along the tilting direction.
[0037]
The guide pins 32 are for rolling between the first rail 33 and the second rail 34 to guide the tilt of the support frame 22, and extend to the tilt guides 31 on the support frame 22. It is provided as follows.
[0038]
The guide pin 32 is formed with its tip enlarged in diameter so that it does not come off between the first rail 33 and the second rail 34.
[0039]
In addition, one end of an inclination jack 24 is connected to the guide pin 32, and the guide pin 32 reciprocates between the first rail 33 and the second rail 34 by the expansion and contraction of the inclination jack 24. Then, the cutter unit 4 is tilted.
[0040]
As shown in FIGS. 2, 3, and 4, a mud pipe 36 and a mud pipe 37 are connected to the cutter chamber 35 formed between the cutter 5 and the guide member 20. The mud feeding pipe 36 and the mud discharging pipe 37 are arranged apart from the guide member 20 in a direction perpendicular to the sliding direction of the guide member 20 so as not to interfere with the movement of the guide member 20.
[0041]
Next, the operation will be described.
[0042]
As shown in FIG. 5, when the tunnel excavator 1 is dug from the ground, the cutter 5 is pushed forward while being rotated. Then, the inclination angle is fixed so that the cutter 5 is directed in the excavation direction until the vicinity of the existing tunnel 6 is reached.
[0043]
Since no radial force acts on the cutter 5, the tunnel excavator 1 can be excavated in a stable posture.
[0044]
The cutter 5 is fixed by fixing the expansion / contraction length of the tilting jack 24 to be constant.
[0045]
The direction of excavation is controlled by extending or contracting each direction control jack 19. By expanding and contracting the direction control jack 19, the front cylinder 12 can be bent with respect to the rear cylinder 11 in an arbitrary direction by an arbitrary angle, and the excavation direction can be freely adjusted.
[0046]
Further, since the long hole 18 formed in the bulkhead surface 15 is closed by the guide member 20, water does not enter the tunnel excavator 1.
[0047]
When the tunnel excavator 1 is dug in this manner, the tunnel excavator 1 eventually reaches the existing tunnel 6 without being able to dig with the tip of the cutter 5 approaching the existing tunnel 6.
[0048]
When the tunnel excavator 1 reaches the existing tunnel 6, the main push is stopped to stop the propulsion of the tunnel excavator 1, and the tilting jack 24 is extended while the cutter 5 is rotated.
[0049]
The guide pins 32 move along the first rail 33 and the second rail 34, respectively, and the cutter unit 4 is rotated around the rotation center position 17 at the front end of the cutter 5.
[0050]
As a result, the cutter 5 is tilted about the rotation center position 17 of the front end of the cutter 5.
[0051]
Since the guide member 20 moves along the bulkhead surface 15, it does not leave the bulkhead surface 15, and the seal between the guide member 20 and the bulkhead surface 15 is always maintained. Further, since foreign matter such as earth and sand stuck to the bulkhead surface 15 is dropped by the scraper 26, it is not sandwiched between the guide member 20 and the bulkhead surface 15, and the sealing performance can be stably maintained. .
[0052]
As shown in FIG. 6, when the inclination of the cutter 5 is matched with the inclination of the joint surface 7, the copy cutter 30 is extended and dug.
[0053]
When the cutter 5 is inclined, the excavation surface viewed from the front in the excavation direction becomes smaller in an elliptical shape, but by excavating the excavation radius, at least an excavation radius sufficient for the first skin plate 8 to pass can be maintained.
[0054]
At this time, since the cutter 5 is tilted about the rotation center position 17 of the front end of the cutter 5, the excavation surface viewed from the front in the excavation direction is flattened without moving the center, and the necessary extra amount of excavation Is minimized.
[0055]
Then, the pushing is resumed, and the tunnel excavator 1 is further excavated. At this time, since the cutter 5 matches the inclination of the joint surface 7, the cutter 5 does not interfere with the joint surface 7 and is dug up to the joint surface 7 without being left uncut.
[0056]
Further, since the digging distance after the cutter is tilted is extremely short, the attitude of the tunnel excavator 1 is not greatly disturbed even if a radial force acts on the cutter 5.
[0057]
As shown in FIG. 7, when the cutter 5 is again brought close to the existing tunnel 6, the original push is stopped, the cutter 5 is stopped, and the slide hood, that is, the first skin plate 8 is prepared for penetrating into the ground. start.
[0058]
Preparation for the slide hood penetration is performed by removing the respective pins 9 and separating the second skin plate 10 from the front body 12 to release the hydraulic pressure of all the direction control jacks 19.
[0059]
The direction control jack 19 is easily expanded and contracted by an external force, and the second skin plate 10 is slidably movable in the first skin plate 8.
[0060]
Then, the original push is resumed. The first skin plate 8 penetrates into a natural ground independently of the second skin plate 10 as a slide hood, and comes into contact with the existing tunnel 6.
[0061]
At this time, since the tip of the first skin plate 8 is formed so as to match the shape of the existing tunnel 6 to be joined, as shown in FIG. 8, it is brought into contact with the existing tunnel 6 over almost the entire circumference. Then, the vicinity of the joint surface 7 is earthed with high accuracy.
[0062]
Thereafter, a chemical is poured to stop the ground near the joining surface 7, and the first skin plate 8 is joined to the existing tunnel 6.
[0063]
The second skin plate 10 and the cutter unit 4 provided on the second skin plate 10 are lifted to the ground through the propulsion pipe 2 for reuse. Since the second skin plate 10 has an outer diameter that is sufficiently smaller than the inner diameter of the propulsion tube 2, the second skin plate 10 can easily move within the propulsion tube 2.
[0064]
In this way, the excavator body 3 is provided with the cutter 5 for excavating the sediment in front of the traveling direction so as to be tiltable so as to match the inclination of the joint surface 7 of the existing tunnel 6. It is possible to dig without leaving the uncut portion and with a stable posture.
[0065]
In addition, since the excavator body 3 has a slide hood that penetrates into the ground in front of the traveling direction so as to retain the vicinity of the joint surface 7, the excavator body 3 can be well sealed to the vicinity of the existing tunnel 6, Tunnels can be joined efficiently by reducing work.
[0066]
Since the cutter 5 is tilted around the rotation center position 17 at the front end of the cutter 5, even when tilted, the cutter 5 can be kept constant without moving the center of the cutter 5 viewed from the front in the excavation direction. , The amount of surging can be kept small.
[0067]
In addition, a bulkhead surface 15 is formed at the front end portion of the excavator body 3 so as to be concaved backward while extending inward in the radial direction, and the cutter 5 is attached to the plate-shaped guide member 20 that moves along the bulkhead surface 15. Since the shaft support portion 21 that pivotally supports is provided, the tilt of the cutter 5 can be stably guided with a simple structure.
[0068]
Since the guide member 20 is provided with the annular seal 25 that comes into contact with the bulkhead surface 15, the space between the bulkhead surface 15 and the guide member 20 can be reliably sealed, and the tunnel excavator 1 can be submerged. Can be prevented.
[0069]
In addition, since the scraper 26 for removing the foreign matter adhering to the bulkhead surface 15 is provided on the outer periphery of the guide member 20, earth and sand adhering to the bulkhead surface 15 can be dropped. It can prevent entering between the guide members 20.
[0070]
In the present embodiment, the case where the ventilation tunnel is excavated from the ground and joined to the existing tunnel 6 obliquely has been described. However, the technique according to the present invention, that is, the cutter 5 is adjusted to the inclination of the joining surface 7. The tilting technique is widely used when the joint surface is inclined with respect to the excavation direction, for example, when a new tunnel is eccentrically joined to the existing tunnel 6 or when a new tunnel is joined to the deformed tunnel. be able to.
[0071]
Moreover, although the tunnel excavator 1 excavated by pushing the propulsion pipe 2 is described, the present invention is not limited to this. The tunnel excavator may be a shield machine that assembles a segment (not shown) to be a tunnel wall in the excavator and pushes the segment backward by itself to propel it.
[0072]
【The invention's effect】
In short, according to the present invention, the following excellent effects can be obtained.
(1) It is possible to dig up without leaving a large uncut portion between the basement structure and the posture.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side sectional view of a tunnel excavator showing a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
2 is a view taken along the line II-II in FIG.
3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line III-III in FIG.
4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV in FIG.
FIG. 5 is a side sectional view of a tunnel excavator that has reached an existing tunnel.
FIG. 6 is a side sectional view of the tunnel excavator with the cutter tilted.
FIG. 7 is a side sectional view of a tunnel excavator excavated with an inclined cutter.
FIG. 8 is a side sectional view of a tunnel excavator in which a slide hood is inserted into a natural ground.
FIG. 9 is a side sectional view of a ventilation tunnel joined to an existing tunnel.
FIG. 10 is a side sectional view of a conventional tunnel excavator.
FIG. 11 is a side sectional view of a conventional tunnel excavator.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Tunnel excavator 3 Excavator main body 5 Cutter 6 Existing tunnel 7 Joint surface 8 1st skin plate (slide hood)
17 Rotation center position 15 Bulkhead surface 20 Guide member 21 Shaft support portion 25 Seal 26 Scraper

Claims (6)

In a tunnel excavator that digs into the underground structure to join a new tunnel to an existing underground structure such as an existing tunnel, the excavator body is joined with a cutter for excavating soil in front of the traveling direction. A tunnel excavator characterized in that it can be freely tilted to match the inclination of the surface. 2. The tunnel excavator according to claim 1, wherein the excavator body has a slide hood that penetrates to a ground in front of the traveling direction so as to retain the vicinity of the joint surface of the underground structure. 3. The tunnel excavator according to claim 1, wherein the cutter is tilted about a rotation center position of a front end of the cutter. At the front end of the excavator body, a bulkhead surface that is recessed backward while extending inward in the radial direction is formed, and the cutter is pivotally supported by a plate-shaped guide member that moves along the bulkhead surface. The tunnel excavator in any one of Claims 1-3 which provided the axial support part. The tunnel excavator according to claim 4, wherein the guide member is provided with an annular seal that contacts the bulkhead surface. The tunnel excavator according to claim 4 or 5, wherein a scraper for removing foreign matter adhering to the bulkhead surface is provided on an outer periphery of the guide member.

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