JP4367864B1 - Collection method of animal tissue constituents - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is to decompose animal meat and bone using steam decomposing action to produce its constituent components.
An animal tissue component collecting method that performs pre-processing and decomposition processing in a space where animal tissue formation is closed. The pretreatment is a process in which animal tissue is crushed by the expansion pressure of water vapor to physically self-destruct, and the decomposition treatment is performed by applying water vapor pressure to the animal tissue in the temperature / pressure range along the saturated water vapor pressure curve. This is a process for steam-decomposing a tissue to produce a self-destructing component of animal tissue. The decomposition product produced by the decomposition process is recovered.
[Selection] Figure 3

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for decomposing animal tissue and collecting useful components contained in the animal tissue.

Harmful birds and beasts, especially deer, have rapidly increased in numbers throughout the country, and the damage to agriculture and forestry has become enormous and can no longer be neglected.
However, although some examples of animal tissues produced after extermination of these harmful birds and animals are used for meat, feed, fertilizer, etc., they are used for incineration and landfilling as the number of harmful animals and animals removed is increased. The fact is that we have no choice but to rely on. However, if the incineration and landfill processing exceeds the limit, not only the processing cost will increase, but also the problem of sewage and odor will occur, and many social problems will actually occur, making it difficult to continue as it is .

  The inventor first heated the plant raw material directly, evaporated the moisture of the plant raw material itself under saturated water vapor pressure, and exposed the plant raw material to the atmosphere of the water vapor for a certain period of time. A method was developed for disruption and extraction by incorporating cellular tissue components into water vapor.

In short, this method is based on the idea of utilizing the hydrolysis action of water vapor as a decomposition treatment of plant tissues, and the decomposition reaction caused by the reaction of water vapor and solute is also included in the category of hydrolysis. However, “hydrolysis using water vapor” is a generally understood meaning of hydrolysis, for example, “reaction of salt and water to decompose into acid and base” (Maruzen, Science Dictionary) Therefore, in order to distinguish it from general “hydrolysis”, this action was defined as “steam decomposition action”. It has been found that the steam decomposition action is applicable not only to the decomposition of plant tissues but also to the decomposition of animal tissues.
JP 2006-328304 A JP 2006-340623 A

  The problem to be solved is to develop a new method for decomposing meat and bones by utilizing the above-described decomposition process utilizing the steam decomposition action for decomposing animal tissues and utilizing the components.

  The basic concept of the present invention is a combination of preprocessing and decomposition processing. The pretreatment is a process in which animal tissues are physically self-destructed by the expansion pressure of water vapor, and the decomposition treatment increases the water vapor pressure along the saturated water vapor pressure curve, and the water vapor pressure in the temperature / pressure range on the saturated water vapor pressure curve. Is a process in which the animal tissue is steam-decomposed by acting on the animal tissue and the components of the animal tissue are collected. As a result, streaks (collagen) connecting muscles and bones of animal tissues are separated, bones and meat are completely separated, protein and calcium phosphate, which are constituents of meat and bones, are extracted, and muscles and bones are further extracted. The greatest feature is that the components of animal tissues such as separated collagen, lipid, and medulla are separated and produced.

  According to the method for decomposing animal tissue according to the present invention, water vapor energy is effectively applied to the animal tissue to completely separate meat and bone to produce protein and calcium phosphate, and further, from muscle and bone. Constituent components of animal body tissues such as separated collagen, lipid, and medulla can be taken out and used as various useful components for various purposes. For example, the decomposition products can be used for livestock feed and pet food, and for various useful fatty acids from lipids.

Animal tissue is roughly divided into muscle tissue, bone tissue, and ligament / tendon tissue, and these tissues are closely connected to enable movement (physical motion).
Each of these animal tissues is solidified by a special protein called collagen and is firmly connected. Although these collagens are proud of their physical strength, they degrade and become gelatinous when subjected to a certain temperature (depending on the animal species). When this happens, the bones and muscles are first disconnected and separated, and the bone itself is brittle and the collagen that has solidified calcium phosphate is broken down, eventually becoming calcium phosphate powder. Go.

  Collagen is usually said to be around 30% of the total protein, and 10% of what remains after decomposition is hydroxyproline, which is a source of various collagens necessary for each part of the body as a connecting part of protein that forms collagen. It has become.

  Actually, put the object in the pressure vessel, apply the temperature exceeding 100 ° C and keep it at the saturated water vapor pressure for a certain time, collagen will decompose and bone and meat will be separated, so the pressure is released at once here Then, the moisture in the bones and meat instantly evaporates and causes rapid volume expansion, so that the tissue is self-destructed and the bones and meat are completely separated.

  In recent years, the price of pet food and livestock feed has soared, and even in the fertilizer, phosphorus has become a worldwide shortage. Such processing is very useful as a treatment for harmful birds and animals after extermination. Furthermore, since many kinds of useful fatty acids such as oleic acid and linoleic acid can be collected from the fat, the range of utilization as resources is expanded at a stretch rather than simply incineration or landfill.

  Hydrolysis is originally a method in which microorganisms decompose animals and plants, and steam decomposition is the most acceptable method for nature, with the same results except for the difference in energy and reaction time. Furthermore, although the energy used at this time varies slightly depending on the object, it only needs to maintain a certain space at a certain temperature for a certain time, so once the temperature reaches the target value, it is almost necessary. Disappear. According to the method of the present invention, it can be decomposed with less energy (in 1/20 or less) than incineration and decomposed in a shorter time (3 to 5 hours) than landfill to become feed or fertilizer raw material.

  In the present invention, the decomposition treatment is performed by increasing the water vapor pressure along the saturated water vapor pressure curve, causing the water vapor pressure to act on the animal tissue in the temperature / pressure region on the saturated water vapor pressure curve, This is a process of collecting the constituent components. In particular, when the temperature is raised or lowered, it is necessary to precisely control the temperature and pressure in the container containing the animal tissue along the water vapor pressure curve. If this control is not performed, the temperature and pressure inside the container will greatly deviate from the saturated water vapor pressure curve and will be in a hot water state or superheated steam state, leaving unreacted parts inside or only excessive reaction on the surface part. Many products such as acetic acids are produced by carbonization and secondary reactions. (See Figure 6)

  Steam decomposition can be performed with a strong acid, a strong alkali, or hot water, but only water vapor can be precisely controlled. The present invention proposes a hydrolysis method using water vapor, and is the most inexpensive and most suitable method for practical use, suitable for upsizing.

The method for collecting animal tissue components according to the present invention is a combination of the explosion treatment of animal tissues performed as a pretreatment and the decomposition treatment of animal tissues with the energy of water vapor, causing the meat and bones to self-destruct, It can be decomposed to produce separated components of animal tissue.

Examples of the present invention are shown below. The present invention includes a decomposition treatment using a decomposition action of the energy (enthalpy) having water vapor, in combination with the blasting process performed as a pre-treatment was carried out separate generation of tissue constituents due to decomposition of animal body tissue. Examples of the present invention are shown below. The present invention collects the decomposition products efficiently separated and produced by advancing the decomposition of animal tissues by a combination of a decomposition process utilizing the decomposition action by the energy of water vapor and an explosion process performed as a pretreatment thereof. is there.

The explosion treatment performed as a pretreatment is a treatment for causing the animal tissue to self-destruct by the expansion pressure of water vapor. In animal tissues, when the water vapor pressure in the space is increased from 1 atm (temperature 100 ° C.) to 4.6 atm (temperature 150 ° C.) along the saturated water vapor pressure curve, the pressure in the sealed space is released at once. The volume within the animal tissue expands rapidly, resulting in self-destructing of the tissue. In the present invention, the blasting treatment repeats the treatment of releasing the pressure several times after releasing the pressure in the sealed space and then rapidly heating and pressurizing again to increase the water vapor pressure along the saturated water vapor pressure curve.
The decomposition treatment is a treatment for separating and generating constituents of animal tissue such as protein (amino acid), calcium phosphate, collagen (hydroxyproline / gelatin), lipid, medulla from the animal tissue after the explosion treatment.

  After the explosion treatment, when the animal tissue is raised along a saturated water vapor pressure curve and the water vapor pressure in the space is kept at a saturated water vapor pressure of 1 atm (temperature 100 ° C.) to 4.6 atm (temperature 150 ° C.) for a certain period of time, Muscles and bones are decomposed to separate and produce proteins (amino acids) and calcium phosphate, and components of animal tissues such as collagen, lipids, and medulla separated from muscles and bones are extracted.

  FIG. 1 shows an example of a treatment apparatus used for decomposing animal body tissues. In FIG. 1, the processing apparatus is composed of a combination of a can body 1, a boiler 2, and a water tank 3. The can body 1 is a processing chamber for the body tissue of an animal, which is a raw material, and a cooling coil 4 is piped therein. The raw material to be processed is accommodated in the processed basket 5 and mounted on the tray 6, and the can body 1 is opened to be carried into the can body 1.

The boiler 2 is for sending water vapor heated to a temperature necessary for the raw material decomposition process and the explosion process into the can body 1. Furthermore, after the decomposition treatment, the cooling water pump 7 is operated to send the cooling water in the water tank 3 to the cooling coil 4 of the can body 1 and cool the product separated from the body tissue of the animal by the decomposition treatment. is there. In FIG. 1, 3a is a cooling tower for cooling the cooling water returned to the water tank 3 through the cooling coil 4 of the can body 1, and 8 condenses the evaporated gas containing water vapor generated in the can body 1 by the steam decomposition action. And cooler for recovery. Further, the can body 1 is provided with a silencer 9 that silences explosion sound generated by the explosion process. Reference numeral 10 denotes a surface condenser for stably feeding cooling water to the cooling coil 4, and 11 denotes a drain tank for collecting the liquid component generated in the can body.

  FIG. 2 shows the configuration of a system for monitoring the progress of the blasting process and the decomposition reaction that proceed in the can body. A computer is installed in the central monitoring room 12 as a steam cracking and blasting control device 13. From the computer, the boiler power is turned on, the processing time is set, the valve opening / closing control of the piping, the control of the operation of the cooling water pump, etc. Including the blasting process E1 to En, the decomposition process T and the decomposition product recovery process C as pre-processes to be advanced in the can body 1 and the function of managing the setting information, the progress of the decomposition reaction In addition to monitoring the status and recovering the product, and the state of the generated decomposition product, the monitor 14 has a function of performing a sampling inspection and the like.

  In the present invention, the pretreatment, the decomposition process T, and the decomposition process C of the decomposition products generated by the decomposition process are sequentially performed using the above apparatus. The procedure will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the passage of time and the pressure change when the preprocessing and the decomposition processing are sequentially performed, and FIGS. 4 and 5 are flowcharts showing the procedure for executing the preprocessing and the decomposition processing. In the present invention, processing is performed according to the flow shown in FIGS. In FIG. 4, first, all valves connected to the can body including the water supply / discharge valve, the water supply / drain valve, and the drain valve are closed (step S1). In this state, the hatch of the can body is opened (step S2), and a processed product basket containing animal tissue including animal flesh, bones, and organs is loaded therein (step S3), and the can body hatch is closed (step S3). Step S4). The pressure and temperature on the saturated water vapor pressure curve shown in FIG. 6 for the pressure in the can body and the steam decomposition temperature are 1 atm (temperature 100 ° C.) to 4.6 atm (temperature 150 ° C.), preferably the upper limit of the temperature is 140 The upper limit of ° C. and pressure is set to 3.6 atmospheres and set to 1 hour (step S5). Next, the steam generated in the boiler 5 is press-fitted into the can body, the steam pressure is increased in the temperature / pressure range along the saturated steam pressure curve shown in FIG. 6, and heated and pressurized to 140 ° C. and 3.6 atm. (Step S6). If this temperature and pressure range is maintained for a certain period of time, water vapor hydrolysis proceeds to the animal tissue in the can body during this time, and the animal tissue is self-destructed.

  In FIG. 5, after heating and pressurizing to 140 ° C. and 3.6 atm, after a certain period of time, or immediately after heating and pressurizing, the exhaust valve leading to the outside of the can body is opened to rapidly depressurize the inside of the can body. To do. Thereby, the first blasting process E1 with respect to the animal tissue which is a raw material is performed (step S7). After the first explosion process E1, the exhaust valve is closed, the air supply valve is opened, and the steam generated in the boiler is rapidly injected into the can body, and the temperature and pressure in the can body 1 are controlled by the computer in the central monitoring room. The can body is raised along the saturated water vapor pressure curve while controlling at 140.degree. C. and returned to 3.6 atm (step S8), and then the exhaust valve leading to the outside of the can body is opened and the inside of the can body is abruptly opened. The pressure is reduced and the second explosion process E2 is executed (step S9). Similarly, the step of raising along the saturated water vapor pressure curve to return the temperature in the can to 140 ° C. and the pressure to 4 atmospheres and the step of rapidly depressurizing the inside of the can body are repeated 5 to 7 times. To En (n = 7 in this embodiment) are executed (step S10). After that, the temperature in the can is returned to 140 ° C. and the pressure is returned to 3.6 atm, and the decomposition process T is executed while maintaining the temperature at 140 ° C. and the pressure of 3.6 atm for about 3 to 5 hours (step S11).

  When the temperature and pressure in the can body 1 are controlled, the water vapor pressure is increased in the temperature / pressure range along the saturated water vapor pressure curve shown in FIG. 6, and the water vapor shown in FIG. In order to ensure the purity of the decomposition component, it is most important to lower the water vapor pressure in the temperature / pressure range along the saturated water vapor pressure curve.

  By the way, when one-component gas-liquid phases coexist at a certain temperature and pressure, the state in which the vapor forming the gas phase reaches saturation is called saturated vapor, and the pressure at that time is the saturated vapor pressure. . Around a substance liquid, when the partial pressure of the substance is equal to the vapor pressure of the liquid, the liquid is in vapor-liquid equilibrium. When the temperature is lowered, the vapor condenses into a liquid. On the other hand, when the temperature is raised, the liquid vaporizes (becomes vapor). Also, the same equilibrium is maintained between the solid phase and the gas phase, and this transition is called sublimation.

    At the time of heating and pressurizing in the can in the pretreatment, and in the cooling mode after the end of the decomposition treatment T, the water vapor pressure as the partial pressure in the can body 1 at the time of lowering the temperature in the can and lowering the pressure along the saturated water vapor pressure curve. It is important to control. In the temperature / pressure range of the vapor containing animal body tissue components, carbonization occurs when the temperature is slightly higher than the saturated water vapor pressure, and an unreacted portion due to incomplete decomposition occurs when the temperature is low. Thus, the temperature and pressure of the atmosphere in the can body can be passed through a delicate reaction region by computer control.

  By performing the decomposition process T, the animal tissue components are decomposed, the solid components remain in the processed basket 5, and the liquid components fall from the fine mesh of the basket and are stored in the tray 6. After completion of the decomposition process T, the steam in the can body is exhausted into the cooling coil in the can body as a cooling mode, and the pressure and temperature in the can body are lowered along the water vapor pressure curve shown in FIG. Step S11) After the cooling is completed, the processing basket 5 is carried out from the inside of the can body, and the decomposition product is recovered.

  In the processing basket 5, meat, bone fragments, protein that is a decomposition product of organs, amino acids, calcium phosphate that is a decomposition product of bone, and other solid components are collected. Liquid components such as amino acids, fatty acids, and collagen degradation products, such as hydroxyproline and gelatin, which have fallen from the water are collected, and evaporation components such as gravy and oil are stored in the drain tank. In the present invention, the decomposition treatment can be performed under the condition that the water vapor pressure in the space is 1 atm (temperature 100 ° C.) to 4.6 atm (temperature 150 ° C.) on the saturated water vapor pressure curve. As a result, it was found that steam decomposition proceeds most effectively under a pressure of 3.6 atm (temperature 140 ° C.). Therefore, in this example, the decomposition treatment condition was set to 140 ° C. and 3.6 atm.

The causative substance (abnormal prion protein) of BSE, which has become a problem in recent years, is inactivated at 133 ° C. at the International Organization for Animal Health (OIE). 3 atm. An international standard has been established that heat treatment by a 20 minute autoclave is necessary. Normally, abnormal prion protein is located inside the bones such as the brain and spinal cord and is firmly protected, and it was thought that safe treatment could not be guaranteed except by incineration. is crushed because the interior of the neural tissue and Zuieki is exposed to, standards established OIE subsequent decomposition treatment, 133 ° C., the heat treatment conditions by 3 atm · 20 minutes autoclave is by decomposition treatment, completely Cleared, it is possible to inactivate abnormal prion proteins by the method of the present invention.

(Experimental example)
In order to confirm the treatment effect according to the present invention, tissue components such as meat juice and fat were analyzed mainly for the purpose of feeding deer meat bones exterminated as harmful animals.

(Experimental sample) Deer: Female 3 years old A: Skinless torso, skinless peach, skinless shoulder 17.68Kg
B: Head with skin, peach with skin, foot with skin 18.44Kg
C: Internal organs 5.40Kg
(Experimental method) The sample was set to the test machine tray, and the explosion treatment and the decomposition treatment were performed under the following conditions.
Pre-vacuum: 6.7 kPa for 10 seconds (1) Explosion treatment Explosion temperature: 140 ° C., Holding time: X hours Repeat count: 7 times, Repeat holding time: 7 minutes (2) Decomposition treatment Steam decomposition: 140 ° C., 2.5 Time cooling: In-can pressure: 0.00 Mpa
Post-vacuum: 27.3 kPa Retention time: 3 minutes (experimental machine) Explosive hydrolysis tester (experimental result) manufactured by Yasima Co., Ltd.
1) After the steam partial solutions, the broth and oil accumulated in the drain tank, the liquid in the drain tank includes a top layer of white fat portion was divided into a gravy of the underlying dark brown. The fatty acid content and the hydroxyproline content were measured for the upper white fat portion and the lower dark brown broth.
(Analysis results) FIGS. 7 and 8 show the analysis results by the Japan Food Analysis Center. Moreover, the analysis result as a feed performed by Tokachi Agricultural Cooperative Federation is shown in FIG.
(Consideration of results)
1) It was found that the meat and bone were separated by steam decomposition after the steam decomposition and became brittle.
2) It was found that the crushed treatment becomes easier later because the crushed bone and skin that were made brittle were destroyed.
3) From the analysis results, it was found that gravy and fat contain useful components.
4) Furthermore, from the analysis results of the Tokachi Agricultural Cooperative Federation, the whole body of the Japanese deer is excluded from the blood, the contents of the first stomach, and the intestinal tract. As a result, it became clear that there was no need to add new components. Furthermore, it was confirmed that these feeds can be sufficiently applied not only for pigs, chickens and pets but also for fish farming. In addition, it was confirmed that the treatment as industrial waste, such as the treatment of sewage and residue left behind, was dramatically improved compared to normal meat treatment.

  According to the present invention, animal tissue can be decomposed and converted into various useful components by using very little energy compared to incineration treatment of exterminated harmful birds and animals, and decomposed in a short time compared to landfill treatment. Decomposition products can be used as feed and fertilizer raw materials.

It is a figure which shows the structure of the decomposition processing apparatus used for decomposition | disassembly of the animal tissue by this invention. It is a block diagram of the system which implements the method of this invention. It is a figure which shows the relationship between time passage at the time of performing sequentially the pre-processing by this invention, and a decomposition | disassembly process, and a pressure change. It is a figure which shows the flow of this invention method. It is a figure which shows the flow of this invention method. It is a graph which shows a saturated water vapor pressure curve. It is a figure which shows the analysis result by the Japan Food Analysis Center. It is a figure which shows the analysis result by the Japan Food Analysis Center. It is a figure which shows the analysis result as a feed which the Tokachi agricultural cooperative federation performed.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Can body 2 Boiler 3 Water tank 3a Cooling tower 4 Cooling coil 5 Treatment basket 6 Tray 7 Pump 8 Cooler 9 Silencer 10 Surface condenser 11 Drain tank 12 Central monitoring room 13 Hydrolysis control device 14 Monitor T Decomposition process E1-En Explosion process C Decomposition product recovery treatment

Claims (3)

A method for collecting animal tissue components that performs pretreatment and decomposition in a closed space of animal tissue,
The pretreatment is a process of physically destroying animal tissues by the explosion pressure of water vapor,
The decomposition treatment is the pressure and temperature required for the steam decomposition of the animal tissue while controlling the water vapor pressure as the partial pressure in the sealed space along the saturated water vapor pressure curve after the pretreatment 1 After raising the pressure (at a temperature of 100 ° C.) to 4.6 atm (at a temperature of 150 ° C.), the pressure and temperature are maintained for a certain time, and then the temperature and pressure are controlled while controlling the temperature and pressure along a saturated water vapor pressure curve. was lowered, the saturation vapor pressure at a temperature and pressure range of the water vapor pressure curve line is allowed to act on animal tissue animal tissues decompose water vapor, characterized in that it is a process of generating separation of components of the self-destruction animal tissue Collection method of animal tissue constituents.   The pre-treatment starts up at a temperature and pressure range required for the decomposition treatment along the saturated water vapor pressure curve, then releases the pressure at once, and after releasing the pressure, again returns to the original temperature and pressure along the saturated water vapor pressure curve. 2. The method for collecting animal tissue constituents according to claim 1, wherein the treatment is performed by repeating the process of rapidly increasing the pressure to a region and releasing the pressure at a stroke at least twice.   In the pretreatment, the animal tissue is pressurized and heated to 1 atm (temperature 100 ° C.) to 4.6 atm (temperature 150 ° C.) along the saturated water vapor pressure curve in an enclosed space, and then the pressure is increased all at once. The animal tissue according to claim 2, which is a treatment for releasing the animal tissue, wherein the animal tissue is subjected to water vapor decomposition after the animal tissue is heated and pressurized and before the pressure is released to promote self-destruction of the animal tissue. How to collect components.

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