JP4355793B2 - Wind power generator - Google Patents

Wind power generator Download PDF

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JP4355793B2
JP4355793B2 JP2004113897A JP2004113897A JP4355793B2 JP 4355793 B2 JP4355793 B2 JP 4355793B2 JP 2004113897 A JP2004113897 A JP 2004113897A JP 2004113897 A JP2004113897 A JP 2004113897A JP 4355793 B2 JP4355793 B2 JP 4355793B2
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lightning
blade
discharge
mounting base
generator
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JP2005302399A (en
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貢 饗庭
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Kanazawa Institute of Technology (KIT)
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/30—Lightning protection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F05B2240/307—Blade tip, e.g. winglets
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Elimination Of Static Electricity (AREA)

Description

この発明は風力発電装置の耐雷保護手段に関するものである。   The present invention relates to lightning protection means for a wind turbine generator.

環境汚染防止の視点から風力発電による電力供給が見直され、風力発電装置の実用化・普及に向けた取り組みが高まっている。風力発電装置の実用化・普及に当っては、風力発電装置を落雷損傷から守るための有効な耐雷保護手段が必須である。従来から風力発電装置の耐雷保護手段は種々の発案されており、風力発電装置の風車の先端部に落雷する頻度が多いことから、特開２０００−２６５９３８号公開特許公報（特許文献１）、特開２００１−１２３９３４号公開特許公報（特許文献２）、特開２００２−２２７７５７号公開特許公報（特許文献３）、特開２００３−２８２２９５号公開特許公報（特許文献４）などに見られるような風力発電装置用の各種の避雷・耐雷保護手段が提案されている。   The power supply by wind power generation has been reviewed from the viewpoint of preventing environmental pollution, and efforts to commercialize and popularize wind power generation equipment are increasing. In the practical application and spread of wind turbine generators, effective lightning protection means for protecting wind turbine generators from lightning damage are essential. Conventionally, various lightning protection means for wind power generators have been proposed, and lightning strikes frequently occur at the tip of the wind turbine of the wind power generator. Therefore, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-265938 (Patent Document 1), Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-123934 (Patent Document 2), Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-227757 (Patent Document 3), Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-282295 (Patent Document 4), etc. Various lightning protection and lightning protection measures for power generators have been proposed.

すなわち、特許文献１には、アルミ製の羽根の先端に金属チップ（１５）を設けると共に羽根の根元部に導体リング（１６）を設け、他方、風力発電機（３）を内蔵するロータケース（６）に非直線抵抗体（１８）を設け、その非直線抵抗体を、スパークギャップ（１７）を介して導体リング（１６）と対向させ、羽根先端の金属チップ（１５）で受けた雷撃電流を、導体リング（１６）、スパークギャップ（１７）、非直線抵抗体（１８）へと導いて放電させる風力発電の耐雷保護装置が示されている。また特許文献２には、ブレード（１２）を電気的に絶縁化すると共にナセル（１１）上に早期ストリーマ発進型避雷針（１３）を設置して避雷効果を強化した風力発電装置が示されている。また特許文献３には、ガラス繊維強化プラスチック製のブレード（６）（７）（８）の先端から根元までの間に複数の電極板（９）（１０）を取り付け、ブレードへ落雷した雷電流を電極板（９）から電極板（１０）を経てハブ（５）で捕捉し、あるいは電極板からブレード面上を沿面放電させてハブ（５）で捕捉し、その捕捉雷電流をハブ（５）からナセル（４）、タワー（３）を経て地中に導くことにより、ブレード（６）（７）（８）の刃部に落雷させないようにして、落雷によるブレードの焼損を防止する風車用避雷設備が示されている。さらに特許文献４には、ブレード（８）の下端位置から僅かな距離を隔ててブレードより下方に位置する環状または針状の金属部材（１３）を設け、落雷の誘因となるブレードへの充電電荷を、ブレードの回転毎に近接する金属部材（１３）に放電させることにより、ブレードへの落雷を防止する風力発電装置の避雷装置が示されている。
特開２０００−２６５９３８号公開特許公報 特開２００１−１２３９３４号公開特許公報 特開２００２−２２７７５７号公開特許公報 特開２００３−２８２２９５号公開特許公報 That is, in Patent Document 1, a metal tip (15) is provided at the tip of an aluminum blade, and a conductor ring (16) is provided at the root of the blade, while a rotor case (wind generator (3) is incorporated) 6) is provided with a non-linear resistor (18), the non-linear resistor is opposed to the conductor ring (16) through the spark gap (17), and the lightning current received by the metal tip (15) at the blade tip A lightning protection device for wind power generation is shown in which the electric current is guided to a conductor ring (16), a spark gap (17) and a non-linear resistor (18). Patent Document 2 discloses a wind power generator in which the blade (12) is electrically insulated and an early streamer start type lightning rod (13) is installed on the nacelle (11) to enhance the lightning protection effect. . In Patent Document 3, a plurality of electrode plates (9) and (10) are attached between the tips of the glass fiber reinforced plastic blades (6), (7), and (8) to the base, and a lightning current strikes the blade. Is captured from the electrode plate (9) through the electrode plate (10) by the hub (5), or the blade surface is creeped from the electrode plate and captured by the hub (5), and the captured lightning current is captured by the hub (5 ) From nacelle (4) and tower (3) to the ground so that the blades of blades (6), (7) and (8) do not receive lightning strikes, and prevent the blades from burning out due to lightning strikes Lightning protection equipment is shown. Further, Patent Document 4 includes an annular or needle-shaped metal member (13) positioned below the blade at a slight distance from the lower end position of the blade (8), and charging charge to the blade that causes lightning strikes. A lightning arrester of a wind power generator that prevents lightning strikes on the blade by discharging to the adjacent metal member (13) each time the blade rotates is shown.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-265938 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-123934 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-227757 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-282295

しかしながら、実際に設置されて落雷被害に見舞われた風力発電装置のブレードの観察結果に照らせば、上記のような従来の避雷・耐雷保護手段より更に耐雷効果が優れ且つその耐雷効果を長期に亘って維持するためのメンテナンス作業が簡便で容易な耐雷保護手段が強く望まれる。例えば、電気絶縁性材料で成形したブレードの回転中心部に鍛造製のハブを備えブレードの先端部にステンレスまたは銅製の受雷器（金属プレート）が装着され且つそのブレード内に配設された銅ワイヤーで受雷器とハブが電気的に接続された風車で発電機を駆動する出力１５００Kwの風力発電装置であって、ブレードが受雷した雷電流をブレード内の銅ワイヤーを通して、あるいはブレード表面の沿面電流としてハブに導き、そのハブで集電された雷電流を避雷銅線を介して大地に放流する耐雷保護手段を備えた風力発電装置について、ブレードの被雷損傷状態を観察したところ、ブレードの受風面側で激しい着雷痕跡が認められ、ブレード先端部に装着された受雷器が着雷時のエネルギーで熔けた熔融痕が見られた。したがって、発雷頻度の高い地方に設置される風力発電装置では、比較的短期期間でブレードの落雷損傷補修して耐雷効果を回復させるためのメンテナンス作業が必要となる。   However, in light of the observation results of wind turbine generator blades that were actually installed and suffered from lightning strikes, the lightning protection effect is superior to the conventional lightning protection and lightning protection measures as described above, and the lightning protection effect is maintained over a long period of time. There is a strong demand for lightning protection means that is simple and easy to maintain. For example, a forged hub is provided at the center of rotation of a blade formed of an electrically insulating material, and a stainless steel or copper lightning striker (metal plate) is attached to the tip of the blade, and the copper disposed in the blade. A wind power generator with an output of 1500 Kw that drives a generator with a windmill in which the lightning striker and hub are electrically connected by wire, and the lightning current received by the blade is transmitted through the copper wire in the blade or on the blade surface As for the wind power generator equipped with lightning protection means that leads to the hub as a creeping current and discharges the lightning current collected at the hub to the ground via the lightning copper wire, we observed the lightning damage state of the blade. Vigorous lightning traces were observed on the wind-receiving side of the windshield, and a melt trace was seen where the lightning striker attached to the blade tip melted with the energy of the lightning strike. Therefore, a wind power generator installed in a region with a high lightning frequency requires maintenance work to repair the lightning damage by repairing the lightning damage to the blade in a relatively short period of time.

このような実態から、この発明は、風力発電装置の耐雷保護装置に関して、風力発電装置のブレードへの着雷に対する耐雷保護効果を更に高めると共に、劣化した耐雷保護効果を回復させるためのメンテナンスが簡便で容易に行なえるようにしようとするものである。   In view of this situation, the present invention relates to a lightning protection device for wind power generators, and further enhances the lightning protection effect against lightning strikes on the blades of the wind power generator, and facilitates maintenance for recovering the deteriorated lightning protection effect. It is intended to make it easy to do.

このような課題に対応するために、この発明では、発電機を駆動する風車のブレードの先端に耐熱性材の避雷突出針取付台を覆着し、着雷による光・熱エネルギーを吸収して熱熔融する複数の避雷突針を前記避雷突出針取付台に着脱・交換自在に装着して、その複数の避雷突針を避雷突針取付台の外面から放射状に突出させた構成を採る。   In order to cope with such a problem, in the present invention, a lightning arrester needle mounting base made of a heat-resistant material is covered on the tip of a blade of a wind turbine that drives a generator to absorb light and heat energy caused by the lightning strike. A plurality of lightning arrester needles to be melted are attached to the lightning projection needle mounting base in a detachable / replaceable manner, and the plurality of lightning projection needles are projected radially from the outer surface of the lightning protrusion needle mounting base.

また上記の課題に対応するために、この発明では、発電機を駆動する風車のブレードの先端に耐熱性導電材の避雷突出針取付台を覆着し、着雷による光・熱エネルギーを吸収して熱熔融する複数の避雷突針を前記避雷突出針取付台に着脱・交換自在に装着して、その複数の避雷突針を避雷突針取付台の外面から放射状に突出させると共に、前記ブレードの回転中心部には導電性のハブを備え、前記ブレードの内部に避雷導体を配設して、その避雷導体で前記避雷突針取付台と前記ハブを電気的に接続し、前記ハブの発電機側端面には熱熔融する複数の放電球体を着脱・交換自在に装着すると共にナセルの風車側端部に、前記ハブに装着した放電球体と対向する導電性の放電環を装着し、その放電球体と放電環の間に放電ギャップを空けて両者を対向させ、前記放電環を、避雷導線を通じて接地する構成を採る。   In order to address the above-described problems, in the present invention, a lightning-protective lightning projection mounting base of a heat-resistant conductive material is covered at the tip of a blade of a wind turbine that drives a generator to absorb light and heat energy caused by lightning. A plurality of lightning arrester needles that are melted by heat are detachably attached to the lightning protrusion needle mounting base so that the plurality of lightning protrusion needles protrude radially from the outer surface of the lightning protection needle mounting base, and the rotation center portion of the blade Is provided with a conductive hub, a lightning conductor is arranged inside the blade, the lightning conductor is electrically connected to the hub with the lightning conductor, and the generator side end surface of the hub A plurality of discharge spheres to be melted are attached detachably and replaceable, and a conductive discharge ring opposite to the discharge sphere attached to the hub is attached to the wind turbine side end of the nacelle, and the discharge sphere and the discharge ring are connected. With a discharge gap in between Is opposed employs a configuration of the discharge ring to ground through lightning conductor.

そして風力発電装置のブレードに着雷する時点で、ブレードの先端に装着した避雷突針と大気の境界面でスパーク放電が生じて雷による光・熱エネルギーが発生するが、この発明に係る風力発電装置の耐雷保護手段によれば、その熱エネルギーをカーボンファイバーの避雷突針１０が受けて熱熔融することによって吸収し、その結果、着雷によるブレードの損傷が防御される。また着雷の都度、避雷突針が熔融して短く痩せ細って耐雷保護効果が次第に低下するが、適時に避雷突針を取り替え交換することにより、ブレードへの着雷に起因する風力発電装置の耐雷保護効果を長期にわたって高く維持することができ、その取り替え交換の際の耐雷保護メンテナンス作業は、避雷突針のみを取り替え交換するのみであるから極めて容易で簡便である。   At the time of lightning strike on the blade of the wind power generator, a spark discharge occurs at the boundary surface between the lightning arrester attached to the tip of the blade and the atmosphere, and light / heat energy is generated by the lightning. The wind power generator according to the present invention According to the lightning protection means, the thermal energy is received by the carbon fiber lightning protection needle 10 and absorbed by heat melting, and as a result, damage to the blade due to lightning is prevented. In addition, every time a lightning strikes, the lightning protection needle melts and becomes thin and thin, and the lightning protection effect gradually declines.By replacing the lightning protection needle and replacing it at appropriate times, lightning protection of the wind power generator due to lightning strike on the blades The effect can be maintained high over a long period of time, and the lightning protection maintenance work at the time of replacement is extremely easy and simple because only the lightning protection needle is replaced and replaced.

この発明の最良の実施形態は、発電機を駆動する風車のブレードの先端に耐熱性導電材のチタンで形成した避雷突出針取付台を覆着し、着雷による光・熱エネルギーを吸収して熱熔融するカーボンファイバーで形成した複数の避雷突針を上記避雷突出針取付台に着脱・交換自在に装着して、その複数の避雷突針を避雷突針取付台の外面から放射状に突出させると共に、ブレードの回転中心部には導電性のハブを備え、ブレードの内部に避雷導体を配設して、その避雷導体で上記避雷突針取付台とハブを電気的に接続し、そのハブの発電機側端面には、熱熔融するカーボンファイバーで成形した複数の放電球体を着脱・交換自在に装着すると共に、ナセルの風車側端部に、上記放電球体と対向する導電性の放電環を装着し、その放電球体と放電環の間に放電ギャップを空けて両者を対向させ、その放電環を、避雷導線を通じて接地し、さらに環状避雷導体を、ブレードの先端の回転最低位置から若干下方に位置させてタワーの周りに配設し、その環状避雷導体を避雷針を通じて接地した風力発電装置である。   In the best mode of the present invention, the tip of a blade of a wind turbine that drives a generator is covered with a lightning-protruding needle mounting base made of titanium, which is a heat-resistant conductive material, and absorbs light and heat energy caused by lightning. A plurality of lightning styluses formed of carbon fiber that is melted by heat is detachably attached to the lightning proof projection needle mounting base so that the plurality of lightning stylus protrusions protrude radially from the outer surface of the lightning proof needle mounting base. The center of rotation is equipped with a conductive hub, a lightning conductor is placed inside the blade, the lightning conductor is electrically connected to the lightning rod mounting base, and the generator side end face of the hub Is equipped with a plurality of discharge spheres formed of carbon fiber that is thermally melted in a detachable and replaceable manner, and a conductive discharge ring that faces the discharge sphere is attached to the wind turbine side end of the nacelle. And discharge With a discharge gap between them and facing each other, the discharge ring is grounded through a lightning conductor, and an annular lightning conductor is placed around the tower slightly below the lowest rotation position of the blade tip In the wind power generator, the annular lightning conductor is grounded through a lightning rod.

以下、この発明の一実施例を、図面を参考に説明する。図１は、この発明に係る風力発電装置の側面図で一部を断面で示したものである。図２は、図１のＡ部の拡大断面図である。図３は、図１のＢ部の拡大図である。図において、１は発電機を駆動する風車Ｗのブレード、２は発電機、３はクラッチで、風車Ｗの回転軸Waはクラッチ３を介して発電機２の回転軸に連結されている。２１は風力発電装置のタワーで、タワー２１は、地盤２２中に築いた基礎２３の上に構築されている。タワー２１の頂上にはナセル４が設置され、ナセル４内に前記クラッチ３と発電機２が収納されている。また、ナセル４には避雷針５が取り付けられ、その避雷針５は避雷導線６を通じて発電機２、クラッチ３、およびタワー２１内に設置した発電制御盤７，８と共に接地されている。なお、これらの構造は言うまでもなく周知である。   An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a side view of a wind turbine generator according to the present invention, and a part thereof is shown in cross section. FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a part A in FIG. FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion B in FIG. In the figure, 1 is a blade of a windmill W that drives a generator, 2 is a generator, 3 is a clutch, and a rotating shaft Wa of the windmill W is connected to a rotating shaft of the generator 2 via the clutch 3. Reference numeral 21 denotes a tower of the wind power generator, and the tower 21 is constructed on a foundation 23 built in the ground 22. A nacelle 4 is installed on the top of the tower 21, and the clutch 3 and the generator 2 are accommodated in the nacelle 4. A lightning rod 5 is attached to the nacelle 4, and the lightning rod 5 is grounded through the lightning conductor 6 together with the generator 2, the clutch 3, and the power generation control panels 7 and 8 installed in the tower 21. Needless to say, these structures are well known.

ブレード１は電気絶縁性材で成形され、ブレード１の先端には耐熱性材であるチタンで成形した避雷突針取付台９を覆着し、避雷突針取付台９に、着雷による光・熱エネルギーを吸収して熱熔融するカーボンファイバーで成形した複数の避雷突針１０を着脱・交換自在に装着し、その複数の避雷突針１０を避雷突針取付台９の外面から放射状に突出させている。また、ブレード１の回転中心部には鍛造成形された導電性のハブ１１が嵌着されており、そのハブ１１から風車Wの回転軸Waが突出している。そしてブレード１の内部には黄銅製の避雷導体１２が配設され、避雷導体１２によって避雷突針取付台９ならびに避雷突針１０とハブ１２が電気的に接続されている。さらにハブ１１の発電機側端面には、カーボンファイバー製の複数の放電球体１３が、風車Wの回転軸Waを中心とする円弧上に着脱・交換自在に装着されている。一方、ナセル４の風車側端部には、黄銅で環状に成形さられ導電性の放電環１４が装着されている。そして放電環１４は、放電ギャップ１５を空けて前記放電球体１３と対向し、放電環１４は避雷導線１６を通じて接地されている。また、１７は環状の避雷導体で、環状避雷導体１７は、ブレード１の先端の回転最低位置から若干下方に位置してタワー２１の周りに配設され、環状避雷導体１７は３箇所で避雷針１８ａ，１８ｂ，１８ｃを通じて接地されている。したがって、ブレード１の先端と環状避雷導体１７は若干の空隙をもって対向することになる。なお１９は、避雷針１８ａ，１８ｂ，１８ｃを覆う保護管である。   The blade 1 is formed of an electrically insulating material, and a lightning striker mounting base 9 made of titanium, which is a heat-resistant material, is covered at the tip of the blade 1, and light / thermal energy generated by lightning strikes the lightning striker mounting base 9. A plurality of lightning arrester needles 10 formed of carbon fiber that absorbs heat and melts are attached in a detachable and replaceable manner, and the plurality of lightning arrester needles 10 project radially from the outer surface of the lightning arrester needle mounting base 9. Further, a conductive hub 11 formed by forging is fitted into the rotation center portion of the blade 1, and the rotating shaft Wa of the windmill W projects from the hub 11. Inside the blade 1, a lightning conductor 12 made of brass is arranged, and the lightning conductor mounting base 9 and the lightning conductor 10 and the hub 12 are electrically connected by the lightning conductor 12. Further, a plurality of carbon fiber discharge spheres 13 are mounted on the end surface of the hub 11 on the generator side so as to be detachable and replaceable on an arc centered on the rotation axis Wa of the windmill W. On the other hand, an end portion of the nacelle 4 on the windmill side is provided with a conductive discharge ring 14 formed in an annular shape with brass. The discharge ring 14 faces the discharge sphere 13 with a discharge gap 15 therebetween, and the discharge ring 14 is grounded through a lightning conductor 16. Reference numeral 17 denotes an annular lightning conductor, and the annular lightning conductor 17 is disposed around the tower 21 slightly below the lowest rotation position at the tip of the blade 1, and the annular lightning conductor 17 has lightning rods 18a at three locations. , 18b, 18c. Therefore, the tip of the blade 1 and the annular lightning conductor 17 face each other with a slight gap. Reference numeral 19 denotes a protective tube that covers the lightning rods 18a, 18b, and 18c.

上記の風力発電装置において、雷雲が風力発電装置に接近してブレードに着雷しようとすると、ブレード１の先端に装着した避雷突針１０と大気の境界面でスパーク放電が生じて雷による光・熱エネルギーが発生するが、カーボンファイバーの避雷突針１０がその熱エネルギーを受けて熔融することによって着雷エネルギー吸収し着雷によるブレード１の損傷を防御する。そして着雷のたびに避雷突針１０が熔融して短く痩せ細って耐雷保護効果が次第に低下するが、適時に避雷突針１０を取り替え交換することにより、風力発電装置のブレードへの着雷に対して風力発電装置を保護し、その耐雷保護効果を長期にわたって高く維持することができ、その耐雷保護メンテナンス作業は避雷突針１０や放電球体１３のみを適時に取り替え交換するのみであるから極めて簡便で容易である。 In the wind power generator described above, when thunderclouds approach the wind power generator and try to strike the blade, a spark discharge occurs at the boundary surface between the lightning arrester 10 attached to the tip of the blade 1 and the atmosphere, and the light / heat generated by the lightning. Although energy is generated, the carbon fiber lightning arrester 10 receives the heat energy and melts to absorb the lightning energy and prevent damage to the blade 1 due to lightning. Each time lightning strikes, the lightning striker 10 melts and becomes thin and thin, and the lightning protection effect gradually decreases. By replacing the lightning striker 10 and replacing it in a timely manner, against the lightning strike on the blades of the wind turbine generator The wind power generator can be protected and its lightning protection effect can be maintained high over a long period of time. The lightning protection maintenance work is extremely simple and easy because only the lightning rod 10 and the discharge sphere 13 are replaced or replaced in a timely manner. is there.

さらに、着雷エネルギーが避雷突針１０のみでは十分処理できない程に大きい場合には、その雷電流はブレード１内の避雷導体１２を通じて、あるいはブレード１の表面に沿ってハブ１１に導かれ、ハブ１１に装着した放電球体１３から放電ギャップ１５を越えてナセル４側の放電環１４へ放電し、放電環１４から避雷導体１６を通じて大地へ放流されることにより風力発電装置に損傷が拡大することを防御する。なお、放電球体１３からの放電作動度数が重なって放電球体１３が消耗した場合には、前記の避雷突針１０の場合と同様に適時に放電球体１３を取り替え交換する。さらにまた、ブレード１への着雷による雷電流は、ブレード１の若干下方にあってブレード１の先端部と対向する環状避雷導体１７を介して避雷針１８ａ，１８ｂ，１８ｃを通じても大地へ放流され、風力発電装置を外雷に対してより大きく保護することことができる。 Further, when the lightning energy is so large that it cannot be sufficiently processed by the lightning striker needle 10 alone, the lightning current is guided to the hub 11 through the lightning conductor 12 in the blade 1 or along the surface of the blade 1. The discharge sphere 13 mounted on the windshield discharges over the discharge gap 15 to the discharge ring 14 on the nacelle 4 side, and is discharged from the discharge ring 14 through the lightning conductor 16 to the ground to prevent damage to the wind turbine generator. To do. If the discharge spheres 13 are exhausted due to overlapping discharge operation frequencies from the discharge spheres 13, the discharge spheres 13 are replaced and replaced in a timely manner as in the case of the lightning arrester 10. Furthermore, the lightning current due to the lightning strike on the blade 1 is discharged to the ground through the lightning rods 18a, 18b, 18c via the annular lightning conductor 17 slightly below the blade 1 and facing the tip of the blade 1. It is possible to protect the wind power generator more greatly against external lightning.

この発明に係る風力発電装置の耐雷保護手段は、構成が簡単で、その耐雷保護手段の付設とメンテナンスが極めて容易であることから、多くの風力発電装置に幅広く利用することができる。   The lightning protection means of the wind power generator according to the present invention has a simple configuration and is extremely easy to attach and maintain the lightning protection means, so that it can be widely used for many wind power generators.

この発明の一実施例を示す風力発電装置の一部断面とした側面図。The side view made into the partial cross section of the wind power generator which shows one Example of this invention. 図１のＡ部の拡大断面図。The expanded sectional view of the A section of FIG. 図１のＢ部の拡大図。The enlarged view of the B section of FIG.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１：ブレード
２：発電機
３：クラッチ
４：ナセル
５：避雷針
６，１６：避雷導線
７，８：発電制御盤
９：避雷突針取付台
１０：避雷突針
１１：ハブ
１２：避雷導体
１３：放電球体
１４：放電環
１５：放電ギャップ
１７：環状避雷導体
１８ａ，１８ｂ，１８ｃ：避雷針
１９：保護管
２１：タワー
２２：設置地盤
２３：基礎
Ｗ：風車
Wa：風車の回転軸
1: blade 2: generator 3: clutch 4: nacelle 5: lightning rod 6, 16: lightning conductor 7, 8: power generation control panel 9: lightning rod mounting base 10: lightning rod 11: hub 12: lightning conductor 13: discharge sphere 14: discharge ring 15: discharge gap 17: annular lightning conductors 18a, 18b, 18c: lightning rod 19: protective tube 21: tower 22: installation ground 23: foundation W: windmill
Wa: Windmill rotation axis

Claims (5)

発電機を駆動する風車のブレードの先端に耐熱性材の避雷突出針取付台を覆着し、着雷による光・熱エネルギーを吸収して熱熔融する複数の避雷突針を前記避雷突出針取付台に着脱・交換自在に装着して、その複数の避雷突針を避雷突針取付台の外面から放射状に突出させたことを特徴とする風力発電装置。 A lightning arrester needle mounting base made of a heat-resistant material is covered on the tip of a windmill blade that drives the generator, and a plurality of lightning arrester needles that absorb and melt light and heat energy due to lightning strikes the lightning striker needle mounting base. A wind power generator characterized in that it is detachably attached to and exchangeable, and a plurality of lightning rods project radially from the outer surface of the lightning rod mounting base. 発電機を駆動する風車のブレードの先端に耐熱性材のチタンで成形した避雷突出針取付台を覆着し、着雷による光・熱エネルギーを吸収して熱熔融するカーボンファイバーで成形した複数の避雷突針を前記避雷突出針取付台に着脱・交換自在に装着して、その複数の避雷突針を避雷突針取付台の外面から放射状に突出させたことを特徴とする風力発電装置。 The tip of the windmill blade that drives the generator is covered with a lightning protection needle mounting base made of heat-resistant titanium, and a plurality of carbon fibers are made of carbon fiber that absorbs light and heat energy from lightning and melts it. A wind power generator characterized in that lightning arresters are detachably attached to the lightning protrusion needle mount, and the plurality of lightning protrusions are projected radially from the outer surface of the lightning protrusion mount. 発電機を駆動する風車のブレードの先端に耐熱性導電材の避雷突出針取付台を覆着し、着雷による光・熱エネルギーを吸収して熱熔融する複数の避雷突針を前記避雷突出針取付台に着脱・交換自在に装着して、その複数の避雷突針を避雷突針取付台の外面から放射状に突出させると共に、前記ブレードの回転中心部には導電性のハブを備え、前記ブレードの内部に避雷導体を配設して、その避雷導体で前記避雷突針取付台と前記ハブを電気的に接続し、前記ハブの発電機側端面には熱熔融する複数の放電球体を着脱・交換自在に装着すると共にナセルの風車側端部に、前記ハブに装着した放電球体と対向する導電性の放電環を装着し、その放電球体と放電環の間に放電ギャップを空けて両者を対向させ、前記放電環を、避雷導線を通じて接地したことを特徴とする風力発電装置。 A lightning arrester needle mounting base made of heat-resistant conductive material is covered on the tip of the windmill blade that drives the generator, and a plurality of lightning arrester needles that absorb and melt the light and heat energy due to the lightning strike are attached to the lightning striker needle. Attached to the base in a detachable / replaceable manner, the plurality of lightning rods project radially from the outer surface of the lightning rod mounting base, and a conductive hub is provided at the center of rotation of the blade. A lightning conductor is installed, the lightning rod mounting base and the hub are electrically connected by the lightning conductor, and a plurality of discharge spheres to be melted are attached to the end face of the generator on the hub in a detachable and replaceable manner. At the wind turbine side end of the nacelle, a conductive discharge ring facing the discharge sphere mounted on the hub is mounted, and a discharge gap is provided between the discharge sphere and the discharge ring so that the two are opposed to each other. Ground ring through lightning conductor Wind power generator, characterized in that the. 発電機を駆動する風車のブレードの先端に耐熱性導電材の避雷突出針取付台を覆着し、着雷による光・熱エネルギーを吸収して熱熔融する複数の避雷突針を前記避雷突出針取付台に着脱・交換自在に装着して、その複数の避雷突針を避雷突針取付台の外面から放射状に突出させると共に、前記ブレードの回転中心部には導電性のハブを備え、前記ブレードの内部に避雷導体を配設して、その避雷導体で前記避雷突針取付台と前記ハブを電気的に接続し、前記ハブの発電機側端面には熱熔融する複数の放電球体を着脱・交換自在に装着すると共にナセルの風車側端部に、前記ハブに装着した放電球体と対向する導電性の放電環を装着し、その放電球体と放電環の間に放電ギャップを空けて両者を対向させ、前記放電環を、避雷導線を通じて接地し、さらに環状避雷導体を、ブレードの先端の回転最低位置から若干下方に位置させてタワーの周りに配設し、その環状避雷導体を避雷針を通じて接地したことを特徴とする風力発電装置。 A lightning arrester needle mounting base made of heat-resistant conductive material is covered on the tip of the windmill blade that drives the generator, and a plurality of lightning arrester needles that absorb and melt the light and heat energy due to the lightning strike are attached to the lightning striker needle. Attached to the base in a detachable / replaceable manner, the plurality of lightning rods project radially from the outer surface of the lightning rod mounting base, and a conductive hub is provided at the center of rotation of the blade. A lightning conductor is installed, the lightning rod mounting base and the hub are electrically connected by the lightning conductor, and a plurality of discharge spheres to be melted are attached to the end face of the generator on the hub in a detachable and replaceable manner. At the wind turbine side end of the nacelle, a conductive discharge ring facing the discharge sphere mounted on the hub is mounted, and a discharge gap is provided between the discharge sphere and the discharge ring so that the two are opposed to each other. Ground ring through lightning conductor The further annular lightning conductor, slightly is positioned downward from the rotational lowest position of the tip of the blade is disposed around the tower, the wind turbine generator being characterized in that grounded the annular lightning conductor through lightning rod. ブレードの先端に覆着する避雷突出針取付台を耐熱性材のチタンで成形し、ブレード先端に着脱・交換自在に装着される避雷突針と、ブレードのハブの発電機側端面に着脱・交換自在に装着される放電球体を、光・熱エネルギーを吸収して熱熔融するカーボンファイバーで成形したことを特徴とする請求項３または請求項４に記載の風力発電装置。
The lightning protection needle mounting base that covers the tip of the blade is made of heat-resistant titanium, and the lightning protection needle attached to the blade tip is detachable and replaceable. 5. The wind power generator according to claim 3, wherein the discharge sphere mounted on the slab is formed of carbon fiber that absorbs light and heat energy and melts the light.
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KR101143515B1 (en) * 2010-06-30 2012-05-09 한국전력공사 Lightning Protection System
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JP5187649B2 (en) * 2011-03-04 2013-04-24 東京電力株式会社 Blade structure and wind power generator
JP6467683B2 (en) * 2015-01-23 2019-02-13 独立行政法人国立高等専門学校機構 Windmill lightning protection device
CN113039362A (en) * 2018-11-20 2021-06-25 Lm风力发电公司 Wind turbine blade with lightning protection system
JP7173894B2 (en) * 2019-02-21 2022-11-16 日揮株式会社 Lightning protection grounding device and lightning protection grounding method
CN113323822A (en) * 2021-07-16 2021-08-31 上海风雷盾科技有限公司 Lightning protection device of wind power blade
CN113833616B (en) * 2021-09-14 2023-03-24 洛阳双瑞风电叶片有限公司 Wind-powered electricity generation blade lightning protection system
WO2023090995A1 (en) * 2021-11-19 2023-05-25 Petroliam Nasional Berhad (Petronas) An improved offshore wind turbine

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JPWO2013084634A1 (en) * 2011-12-09 2015-04-27 三菱重工業株式会社 Wind turbine blade and wind power generator
EP4215746A1 (en) * 2022-01-19 2023-07-26 Lightning Suppression Systems Co., Ltd. Lightning suppression device for wind turbine blades

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