JP4354712B2 - Corrosion-resistant seal structure and existing pipe rehabilitation pipe having the structure - Google Patents

Corrosion-resistant seal structure and existing pipe rehabilitation pipe having the structure Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4354712B2
JP4354712B2 JP2003032600A JP2003032600A JP4354712B2 JP 4354712 B2 JP4354712 B2 JP 4354712B2 JP 2003032600 A JP2003032600 A JP 2003032600A JP 2003032600 A JP2003032600 A JP 2003032600A JP 4354712 B2 JP4354712 B2 JP 4354712B2
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corrosion
resistant
pipe
ring
seal member
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JP2004245236A (en
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眞 金氏
修 古澤
哲也 楠田
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Kajima Corp
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Kajima Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、例えば、劣化した既設の下水管きょの更生に使用する耐蝕シール構造およびその構造を有する既設管きょの更生管に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
劣化した既設の下水管きょの更生工法には、例えば、既設管きょの残存強度に期待する複合管方式と、既設管きょの残存強度を全く期待しない自立管方式とがある。
【0003】
複合管方式は、(1)既設管きょの内面に耐蝕性材料からなる管体を挿入する、(2)耐蝕性材料からなる帯体を巻き回して管体を形成して既設管きょ内に挿入する、(3)耐蝕性材料からなる帯体を既設管きょ内において巻き回して管体を形成する、(4)耐蝕性材料からなる帯体を既設管きょの管軸方向に並べて管体を形成する、などの方法によって既設管きょの内側にそれ自体高い強度を有していないが耐蝕性効果の優れた管体(耐蝕性管体)を挿入、または形成し、既設管きょと耐蝕性管体との間にモルタルまたはグラウトを充填して既設管きょと一体とする方式である。
【0004】
このような複合管方式では、前記のように既設管きょが一定の残存強度を有していることが前提条件となるが、次に述べる理由により一般に既設の下水管きょのコンクリート管体はかなりの劣化が進行している場合がほとんどであり、また、既存の管体の残存強度を詳細に調査することも困難である。また、複合管の強度確認も困難である。
【0005】
すなわち、下水管きょにおいて、コンクリート管体が腐食するメカニズムは、下記の4つの段階を経て起こっていると考えられている。まず、硫酸塩還元細菌の働きによって下水中の硫酸塩から硫化水素が生成され(第1段階)、これが気中に放散されて気相部の管きょ内壁の結露に溶け込み(第2段階)、そこで硫黄酸化細菌の働きによって硫酸が生成され(第3段階)、この硫酸によって管きょ気相部のコンクリートが腐食する(第4段階)。
【0006】
前記の第3段階で生成される硫酸は強酸であるため、大量の硫化水素が発生する環境でのコンクリート腐食は極めて急速に進行する。特に、分流方式の汚水幹線では常時大量の汚水が流下しているばかりでなく、管きょがほぼ密閉状態にあるため発生した硫化水素が充満して高濃度になる環境にあり、必然的にコンクリート腐食の進行が早いだけでなく、管体の腐食状況を調査することすら容易ではない。
【0007】
したがって、硫化水素に起因するコンクリート管体の腐食が発生しているような環境にある既設管きょの更生を実施しようとする場合、既存のコンクリート管体はかなりの劣化が進行している場合がほとんどであり、また、既存の管体の残存強度を詳細に調査することも困難である。よって、既存管の残存強度に期待する複合管方式の適用は困難な場合が多い。
【0008】
一方、自立管方式では、既設管きょ内に挿入または構築する更生管は、強度だけでなく耐硫酸性も要求される。従来から下水管きょの管体としては主に鋼構造またはコンクリート構造が用いられてきているが、自然流下の管きょのように内圧がかからない管体に対しては、引っ張り強度は低いが圧縮強度が高いコンクリート構造が多く用いられている。
【0009】
よって、自立管方式の更生管においても新設管きょと同様の条件であるから、コンクリート構造のものを用いる方法が最も有力である。そして、更生管にコンクリート構造のものを採用する場合、従来のコンクリート構造のものに欠けていた耐硫酸性を付与する必要があり、そのための方法としては、例えば、(1)耐酸性コンクリートを使用する、(2)非耐酸性コンクリートに耐蝕性ライニングを施す、などがある。
【0010】
前記(1)の方法で使用する耐酸性コンクリートは、硫酸に侵されやすいカルシウム化合物を少なくすることにより耐酸性を向上させたものであり、コンクリート自体が優れた耐硫酸性を有している。
【0011】
(2)の方法は、非耐酸性コンクリートで作られた管体の内面に耐蝕性ライニングを付与するもので、管体をプレキャストコンクリートとする場合は、シート状の耐蝕性ライニング材を管体の内面型枠としてコンクリートと一体に打設する方法や、コンクリート管体製作後にその内面に耐蝕性ライニングを施す方法とがある。
【0012】
ところで、一般に下水幹線を更生しようとする場合、一時的に水替えして既設管きょ内をドライな状態にすることは、容易ではなく、現実的には水替えすることができない場合が多い。
【0013】
そこで、下水が流下している状態で既設管きょを更生しようとする場合、前記(1)、(2)のいずれの方法においても、更生管をプレキャスト製品として工場で予め製作し、これを既設管きょの内部に挿入または構築する方法をとることになるが、この場合に、問題となるのがプレキャスト製品であるリング同士の継ぎ目(リング間の目地)の耐蝕性である。
【0014】
リング間目地に必要な機能は、外水圧に対する水密性能、リング間の結合および耐蝕性能である。リング同士は一般的には接合端部の外周部に設けたカラーで結合される。外水圧に対する水密性を確保するためには、通常は弾力性を有するゴム製のシール材が用いられるが、その耐硫酸性には限界がある。したがって、外水圧に対するシール材およびリング間を結合するカラーなどの部材や、コンクリート製リングの端面を、下水管きょの内部で生成される硫酸から保護する手段が必要となる。
【0015】
ところで、既設管きょの更生工法において、従来、硬質合成樹脂製のライニング筒体を結合するものとして、結合手段は一方のライニング筒体の接合端面に形成したアリ型溝と、隣接の他方のライニング筒体の接合端面に形成した接合片とを圧密嵌合し、目地部には必要に応じて水密性を確保するためにパッキングを介在させるものがある(例えば、特許文献1参照。)。
【0016】
また、接合部の構造として合成樹脂製の管体の長さ方向両端部に凹凸嵌合部を設けたものもある(例えば、特許文献2参照。)。
【0017】
【特許文献1】
特開平4−50592号公報
【0018】
【特許文献2】
特開2000−351156号公報
【0019】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
前記従来例は、管体あるいは筒体が合成樹脂製であり、それ自体に形成した凹凸部を嵌合して、管体あるいは筒体自体同士を直接接合するものであり、外水圧に対するシール材およびリング間を結合するカラーなどの部材を別途使用するものではない。
【0020】
このため、外水圧に対するシール材およびリング間を結合する部材を、下水管きょの内部で生成される硫酸から保護する手段も必要なく、また、かかる保護手段として従来、確立されたものもなかったが、リングをプレキャストコンクリート製とする場合においては、例えば、リングの接合端面に形成した接合溝にジョイントリングを嵌合するような周知の手段では硫酸が目地部に侵入するおそれがあった。
【0021】
本発明の目的は前記事情に鑑みてなされたもので、リングをプレキャストコンクリート製とする場合に必要とされる外水圧に対するシール材およびリング間を結合するカラーなどの部材や、コンクリート製リングの端面を、下水管きょの内部で生成される硫酸から保護することができる耐蝕シール構造およびその構造を有する既設管きょの更生管を提供することにある。
【0022】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は前記目的を達成するため、耐蝕シール構造として、第1に、耐蝕止水板と、該耐蝕止水板の挿着部を有する耐蝕シール部材とから構成される耐蝕シール構造であって、耐蝕シール部材は少なくとも一端に耐蝕止水板を挟み込む横溝の開口部に係止突起を設けて形成し、耐蝕止水板は両面にその突出高さを前記挿着部の横溝の幅よりも大きく形成したひれ状の圧着片を当該耐蝕止水板の中央方向に向けて斜めに突設するとともに、耐蝕シール部材に設けた前記係止突起への係止突条を両面の中央から偏心した位置に突設したことを要旨とするものである。
【0023】
第2に、耐蝕シール部材および耐蝕止水板は、可撓性合成樹脂製とすることを要旨とするものである。
【0024】
更生管として、第に、プレキャストコンクリート製のリングの接合により構成され、既設管きょ内に配設する更生管において、リング間目地部を耐蝕シール構造とし、該耐蝕シール構造は、耐蝕止水板と、該耐蝕止水板の挿着部を有する耐蝕シール部材とから構成され、耐蝕シール部材は少なくとも一端に耐蝕止水板を挟み込む横溝の開口部に係止突起を設けて形成し、耐蝕止水板は両面にその突出高さを前記挿着部の横溝の幅よりも大きく形成したひれ状の圧着片を当該耐蝕止水板の中央方向に向けて斜めに突設するとともに、耐蝕シール部材に設けた前記係止突起への係止突条を両面の中央から偏心した位置に突設するものとし、前記リングの接合端面に耐蝕止水板の挿着部を有する耐蝕シール部材を埋設し、前記挿着部に耐蝕止水板を挿入して目地部に耐蝕止水板を介装させることを要旨とするものである。
【0025】
に、更生管本体を、非耐酸性コンクリート製リングの内側に耐蝕性ライニングを施したものとし、該耐蝕シール部材を耐蝕性ライニングに連続させてリングの接合端面においてリングの内壁面側に配置することを要旨とするものである。
【0026】
に、耐蝕シール部材は、リングの内周面に周方向に施される帯状の耐蝕性ライニングの少なくとも一方の縁に長さ方向にそって一体に形成することを要旨とするものである。
【0027】
請求項1記載の本発明によれば、耐蝕止水板は耐蝕シール部材の横溝内に容易に挿入にされ、挿入後は耐蝕止水板に設けてあるひれ状の圧着片が耐蝕シール部材の横溝の内壁に圧着する。これにより、下水管きょ内で発生した硫酸がリングジョイント部に侵入しようとしても、耐蝕止水板のひれ状圧着片と耐蝕シール部材とでジョイント内部への侵入が阻止される。
【0028】
そして、耐蝕シール部材の開口部に係止突起を設けたことにより、該耐蝕シール部材の横溝内に挿入した耐蝕止水板の抜け出しが防止される。
【0029】
さらに、耐蝕止水板に、耐蝕シール部材への係止突条を形成したことにより、この係止突条が係止突起と係合して耐蝕止水板は耐蝕シール部材内の所定位置に確実に保持される。
【0030】
請求項記載の本発明によれば、耐蝕シール部材および耐蝕止水板を可撓性合成樹脂製とすることで、硫酸に対する耐蝕性を確保し、なおかつその弾性を利用して圧着片が撓んで耐蝕シール部材の横溝内面とを確実に密着させることによって、耐蝕シール構造の水密性を確保した。
【0031】
請求項記載の本発明によれば、更生管を構成するリングのリング間目地部は、接合端面に埋設した耐蝕シール部材に形成してある挿着部(横溝)に、耐蝕止水板が挿入されるから、リング間目地部には耐蝕止水板が介装し、耐蝕シール構造となる。よって、下水管きょ内部で生成される硫酸がリング間目地部に侵入することを阻止し、外水圧からの水密性を確保するためのシール材やカラーなどの結合部材も硫酸から保護される。
【0032】
請求項記載の本発明によれば、前記作用に加えて、更生管本体を非耐酸性コンクリート製リングの内側に耐蝕性ライニングを施したものとした場合は、耐蝕シール部材を耐蝕性ライニングに連続させることで、リングの接合端面においてリングの内壁面側に容易かつ効率よく配置することができ、リングの内側から外側に向けて目地部に侵入した硫酸が、リングの外側の外水圧からの水密性を確保するためのシール材およびカラーなどの結合部材や、非耐酸性コンクリートリングの端面に達することを確実に阻止できる。
【0033】
請求項記載の本発明によれば、前記作用に加えて、耐蝕シール部材は、リングの内周面に周方向に施される帯状の耐蝕性ライニングの少なくとも一方の縁に長さ方向にそって一体に形成したから、更生管本体が非耐酸性コンクリート製の場合に、リングの内側に耐蝕性ライニングを施せば、これにともない耐蝕シール部材も施すことができ、施工性がよい。また、耐蝕シール部材を耐蝕性ライニングと同時に一体成形できるから、製作も容易であり、耐蝕シール部材と耐蝕性ライニングとの間に継ぎ目が生じないから耐蝕機能も向上する。
【0034】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、図面について本発明の実施の形態を詳細に説明する。図1は本発明の耐蝕シール構造およびその構造を有する既設管きょの更生管の実施形態を示す要部の縦断正面図、図2は本発明の既設管きょの更生管を使用する自立管方式による更生工法の一例を示す縦断正面図で、自立管方式による更生工法の概略から説明する。
【0035】
自立管方式による更生工法は、劣化した下水管きょなどの既設管きょ1内に、クレーン3で吊り下げたプレキャストコンクリート製のリング5を立坑4から搬入し、立坑4の下方でリング5を順次結合しながら、既設管きょ1内に押し込んでいく推進工法であり、複数のリング5の結合により更生管2を既設管きょ1内に構築する。そして、更生管2の挿入後、更生管2と既設管きょ1との間の隙間にグラウト材を充填する。
【0036】
本発明の更生管2は、かかる自立管方式による既設管きょの更生工法に使用するもので、図3にも示すように複数の非耐酸性コンクリートによるプレキャスト製のリング5の結合により構成される。各リング5の構成を説明すると、リング5間の結合構造として、図1にも示すように一方の接合端面の外周部にカラー6の一部を予め挿着しておく。このカラー6は例えば鋼製とし、コンクリート打設時に同時に埋設により固定しておく。
【0037】
リング5の他方の接合端面の外周部には前記カラー6が装着される溝7を形成する。図中8は、耐外水圧用シールを示す。
【0038】
下水管きょ内で生成される硫酸から更生管2を保護するための耐蝕シール構造として、図1に示すように例えば熱可塑性合成樹脂の押し出し成形による耐蝕性シートライニング9を配設し、この耐蝕性シートライニング9に耐蝕止水板11を挿着する。この耐蝕性シートライニング9は、リング5の内周面に周方向に配設されるものであり、図示の例では3種類の分割体で構成し、左側の耐蝕性シートライニング9a、右側の耐蝕性シートライニング9b、および中間の耐蝕性シートライニング9cで形成した。
【0039】
左側の耐蝕性シートライニング9aと右側の耐蝕性シートライニング9bとはそれぞれ帯状のものであるが、図1、図5に示すように、左側の耐蝕性シートライニング9aは左側の端縁に長さ方向にそって耐蝕シール部材10を一体に形成し、右側の耐蝕性シートライニング9bは、図1、図6に示すように右側の端縁に長さ方向にそって耐蝕シール部材10を一体に形成し、この両側の耐蝕シール部材10をリング5の接合端面の内周面側に配設する。
【0040】
該耐蝕シール部材10は、一例として、図5、図6に示すように、側方を開口部に形成した断面コ字形の細長帯状に形成するもので、対向する一対の挟着片12a、12bを耐蝕性シートライニング9a、9bから一体に突設した。一対の挟着片12a、12bの間に形成される横溝状の空間が耐蝕止水板11の挿着部13となるものであり、挟着片12a、12bは、耐蝕止水板11を両側から挟み込む。耐蝕シール部材10の開口部には、耐蝕止水板11の抜け出しを防止する係止突起14を設けた。
【0041】
リング5への装着状態でリング5側に位置する挟着片12aの外側に、リング5のコンクリートとの一体性を確保するためのT字形の突起15aを形成し、また、耐蝕性シートライニング9aにも同様にして略L字形の突起15bを形成しておく。
【0042】
このようにして耐蝕シール部材10を左端部に一体に形成した左側の耐蝕性シートライニング9aの右端部には、図5に示すように中間の耐蝕性シートライニング9cとの係止突条16aを設け、耐蝕シール部材10を右端部に一体に形成した右側の耐蝕性シートライニング9bの左端部には、図6に示すように中間の耐蝕シートライニング9cとの係止溝条16bを設ける。
【0043】
前記左右の耐蝕性シートライニング9a、9bの間に配設される中間の耐蝕性シートライニング9cは、図7に示すように耐蝕シール部材10は備えず、左端に係止溝条16bを、右端に係止突条16aを一体に形成した。略L字形の突起15bを突設する構成は左右の耐蝕性シートライニング9a、9bと同様である。
【0044】
耐蝕止水板11は、耐蝕性の材料で本体を平板状に形成したもので、図4に示すように、両側先端部近傍にひれ状の圧着片17を複数(図示の例では2個ずつ)突設するとともに耐蝕シール部材10へのT字形の係止突条18を両面の中央から偏心した位置に突設した。前記圧着片17は耐蝕止水板11の中央方向に向けて斜めに突設し、突設高さを前記挿着部13である横溝の幅よりも大きく形成しておく。
【0045】
かかる耐蝕性シートライニング9a、9bおよびこれと一体にその両側に形成した耐蝕シール部材10、および中間の耐蝕性シートライニング9cを、リング5の接合端面の内周面側に配設するには、耐蝕性シートライニング9a、9bおよびこれと一体にその両側に形成した耐蝕シール部材10や中間の耐蝕性シートライニング9cを所定の寸法に切断して、リング5の内側型枠に円周方向に巻き回し、コンクリートを打設してリング5と一体化する。また、耐蝕性シートライニング9a、9b、9cの継ぎ目部分を接着または溶着して連続一体化させる。
【0046】
この場合、耐蝕性シートライニング9の表面は平滑に形成するが、裏面には突起15a、15bが形成してあるから、コンクリートとの一体性を確保できる。また、耐蝕性シートライニング9a、9b、9c同士の接続端部には係止突条16aや係止溝条16bが形成してあるから、両者を嵌合することで耐蝕性シートライニング9a、9b、9c同士の接続が容易かつ確実となる。
【0047】
次に、リング5を接合して更生管2を構成する方法について説明する。リング5、5を互いに相対させ、一方のリング5に設けてある耐蝕シール部材10に耐蝕止水板11の一端を挿入する。この場合、耐蝕止水板11に形成されている係止突条18の側を耐蝕シール部材10の挿着部13である横溝内に挿入すれば、係止突条18が挿着部13側の係止突起14と係合して、耐蝕止水板11は挿着部13内のほぼ中央に固定される。
【0048】
また、挿入時、耐蝕止水板11に突設されている圧着片17は撓みながら圧入される。
【0049】
このようにして一方のリング5に耐蝕止水板11の一方の側を挿着してから、他方のリング5に耐蝕止水板11の一方の側を挿着すれば、耐蝕止水板11は両端部が隣接するリング5、5に挿着される。
【0050】
この状態で図8に示すように、耐蝕止水板11の圧着片17が挿着部13で両側の挟着片12a、12bに圧着し、耐蝕シール部材10に固定される。
【0051】
よって、管きょ内部で生成されてリング5間の目地部に侵入した硫酸は、耐蝕シール部材10に侵入した後、耐蝕止水板11を伝って気相部から液相部に落下し、汚水に溶け込んで事実上無害となる。
【0052】
耐蝕性シートライニング9および耐蝕止水板11の継ぎ目は、接着または溶着して連続一体化させてあるが、継ぎ目を更正管2の最下端に位置するように施工し、常時液相部内に位置させることが好ましい。
【0053】
【発明の効果】
以上述べたように本発明の耐蝕シール構造およびその構造を有する既設管きょの更生管は、リングをプレキャストコンクリート製とする場合に必要とされる外水圧に対するシール材およびリング間を結合するカラーなどの部材を、下水管きょの内部で生成される硫酸から保護することができるものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 本発明の耐蝕シール構造およびその構造を有する既設管きょの更生管の実施形態を示す要部の縦断正面図である。
【図2】 本発明の既設管きょの更生管を使用する自立管方式による更生工法の一例を示す縦断正面図である。
【図3】 本発明の既設管きょの更生管の全体斜視図である。
【図4】 本発明の耐蝕シール構造およびその構造を有する既設管きょの更生管の実施形態を示す耐蝕止水板の縦断正面図である。
【図5】 本発明の耐蝕シール構造およびその構造を有する既設管きょの更生管の実施形態を示す左側の耐蝕性シートライニングの縦断正面図である。
【図6】 本発明の耐蝕シール構造およびその構造を有する既設管きょの更生管の実施形態を示す右側の耐蝕性シートライニングの縦断正面図である。
【図7】 本発明の耐蝕シール構造およびその構造を有する既設管きょの更生管の実施形態を示す中間の耐蝕性シートライニングの縦断正面図である。
【図8】 本発明の耐蝕シール構造およびその構造を有する既設管きょの更生管の実施形態を示す耐蝕シール部材に耐蝕止水板を挿着した状態の縦断正面図である。
【符号の説明】
1…既設管きょ 2…更生管
3…クレーン 4…立坑
5…リング 6…カラー
7…溝 8…耐外水圧用シール
9…耐蝕性シートライニング 9a…左側の耐蝕性シートライニング
9b…右側の耐蝕性シートライニング
9c…中間の耐蝕性シートライニング
10…耐蝕シール部材 11…耐蝕止水板
12a、12b…挟着片 13…挿着部
14…係止突起 15a、15b…突起
16a…係止突条 16b…係止溝条
17…圧着片 18…係止突条
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to, for example, a corrosion-resistant seal structure used for rehabilitation of a deteriorated existing sewer pipe and a rehabilitation pipe of an existing pipe having the structure.
[0002]
[Prior art]
For example, there are two types of rehabilitation methods for existing sewage pipes that have deteriorated: a composite pipe system that expects the residual strength of existing pipes and a self-supporting pipe system that does not expect any residual strength of existing pipes.
[0003]
The composite pipe method is as follows: (1) Insert a pipe made of corrosion-resistant material into the inner surface of the existing pipe pipe, (2) Form a pipe body by winding a band made of corrosion-resistant material. (3) A strip made of corrosion-resistant material is wound inside the existing pipe to form a pipe, and (4) A strip made of corrosion-resistant material is placed in the axial direction of the existing pipe. Inserting or forming a tube (corrosion-resistant tube) that does not have high strength per se, but has an excellent corrosion resistance effect, such as by forming a tube side by side, This is a system in which mortar or grout is filled between the existing pipe and the corrosion-resistant pipe and integrated with the existing pipe.
[0004]
In such a composite pipe system, it is a precondition that the existing pipe has a certain residual strength as described above. However, the concrete pipe body of the existing sewage pipe is generally used for the following reasons. In most cases, considerable deterioration has progressed, and it is difficult to investigate in detail the residual strength of existing pipes. It is also difficult to confirm the strength of the composite pipe.
[0005]
That is, it is considered that the mechanism by which the concrete pipe corrodes in the sewage pipe is caused by the following four stages. First, hydrogen sulfide is produced from sulfate in sewage by the action of sulfate-reducing bacteria (first stage), which is dissipated in the air and dissolves in the condensation on the inner wall of the gas phase tube (second stage). Therefore, sulfuric acid is generated by the action of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (third stage), and the sulfuric acid corrodes the concrete in the gas phase part of the pipe (fourth stage).
[0006]
Since the sulfuric acid produced in the third stage is a strong acid, concrete corrosion proceeds very rapidly in an environment where a large amount of hydrogen sulfide is generated. In particular, not only is a large amount of sewage flowing down on the sewage trunk line, but the pipes are almost sealed and the environment is in an environment where the generated hydrogen sulfide is filled and the concentration is high. Not only is the progress of concrete corrosion fast, but it is also not easy to investigate the corrosion status of pipes.
[0007]
Therefore, when rehabilitating existing pipes in an environment where the corrosion of concrete pipes due to hydrogen sulfide is occurring, if the existing concrete pipes are undergoing considerable deterioration However, it is also difficult to investigate in detail the residual strength of existing pipes. Therefore, it is often difficult to apply the composite pipe method that is expected for the residual strength of the existing pipe.
[0008]
On the other hand, in the self-supporting pipe system, the rehabilitation pipe inserted or constructed in the existing pipe is required not only for strength but also for sulfuric acid resistance. Conventionally, steel structures or concrete structures have been mainly used as pipes for sewage pipes, but the tensile strength is low for pipes that are not subject to internal pressure, such as pipes under natural flow. Many concrete structures with high compressive strength are used.
[0009]
Therefore, the self-supporting type rehabilitation pipe has the same conditions as the newly constructed pipe, so the method using the concrete structure is the most effective. And when adopting the concrete structure for the rehabilitation pipe, it is necessary to give the sulfuric acid resistance lacking in the conventional concrete structure. As a method for that purpose, for example, (1) acid resistant concrete is used. (2) A non-acid-resistant concrete is subjected to a corrosion-resistant lining.
[0010]
The acid resistant concrete used in the method (1) has improved acid resistance by reducing the amount of calcium compounds that are easily affected by sulfuric acid, and the concrete itself has excellent sulfuric acid resistance.
[0011]
In the method (2), a corrosion resistant lining is imparted to the inner surface of a tubular body made of non-acid resistant concrete. When the tubular body is precast concrete, a sheet-like corrosion resistant lining material is used for the tubular body. There are a method of casting integrally with concrete as an inner mold, and a method of applying a corrosion-resistant lining to the inner surface after the concrete pipe is manufactured.
[0012]
By the way, in general, when trying to rehabilitate the sewage trunk line, it is not easy to temporarily change the water to make the existing pipes in a dry state. .
[0013]
Therefore, when trying to rehabilitate the existing pipe with sewage flowing down, the rehabilitation pipe is manufactured in advance as a precast product at the factory in both methods (1) and (2). In this case, the problem is the corrosion resistance of the joint between the rings (the joint between the rings) which is a precast product.
[0014]
The functions required for the joint between rings are watertightness against external water pressure, coupling between rings, and corrosion resistance. The rings are generally connected by a collar provided on the outer peripheral portion of the joint end. In order to ensure watertightness against external water pressure, a rubber sealing material having elasticity is usually used, but its sulfuric acid resistance is limited. Therefore, there is a need for means for protecting the sealing material against the external water pressure, a member such as a collar that connects the rings, and the end face of the concrete ring from sulfuric acid generated inside the sewer pipe.
[0015]
By the way, in the rehabilitation method of existing pipes, conventionally, as a means for joining a lining cylinder made of hard synthetic resin, the joining means is an ant-groove formed on the joining end face of one lining cylinder, and the other adjacent one. A joint piece formed on the joint end surface of the lining cylinder is tightly fitted, and a joint is interposed in the joint portion to ensure water tightness as required (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
[0016]
In addition, as a structure of the joint portion, there is one in which a concave and convex fitting portion is provided at both ends in the length direction of a synthetic resin tube (see, for example, Patent Document 2).
[0017]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-4-50592
[Patent Document 2]
JP 2000-351156 A
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the conventional example, the pipe body or the cylinder body is made of a synthetic resin, and the pipe body or the cylinder body itself is directly joined by fitting the concavo-convex portions formed on the pipe body or the cylinder body itself. In addition, a member such as a collar for connecting the rings is not separately used.
[0020]
For this reason, there is no need for a means for protecting the sealing material against the external water pressure and the member for coupling between the rings from sulfuric acid generated inside the sewage pipe, and there has been no established means for protecting such. However, in the case where the ring is made of precast concrete, for example, there is a possibility that sulfuric acid may enter the joint portion by a known means such as fitting the joint ring into a joint groove formed on the joint end face of the ring.
[0021]
The object of the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and is a sealing material against external water pressure required when the ring is made of precast concrete, a member such as a collar that joins the rings, or an end face of the concrete ring. Is to provide a corrosion-resistant seal structure that can protect against the sulfuric acid generated inside the sewage pipe and a rehabilitation pipe of an existing pipe having the structure.
[0022]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides, as a corrosion-resistant seal structure, first, a corrosion-resistant seal structure comprising a corrosion-resistant water-stop plate and a corrosion-resistant seal member having an insertion portion for the corrosion-resistant water-stop plate. The anti-corrosion seal member is formed by providing a locking projection at the opening of the lateral groove that sandwiches the anti-corrosion water stop plate at least at one end, and the anti-corrosion water stop plate has a protruding height on both sides that is larger than the width of the lateral groove of the insertion portion. The fin-shaped crimping piece formed large is obliquely projected toward the central direction of the corrosion-resistant water blocking plate, and the locking ridge to the locking protrusion provided on the corrosion-resistant seal member is eccentric from the center of both surfaces. The gist is that it protrudes at the position .
[0023]
Secondly, the corrosion-resistant sealing member and the corrosion-resistant water blocking plate are made of a flexible synthetic resin.
[0024]
As rehabilitating pipe, the third is constituted by joining precast concrete ring, the rehabilitating pipe that disposed within the existing pipe imaginary, and anti-corrosion sealing structure inter-ring joints, the corrosion seal structure, corrosion The anti-corrosion seal member includes a water-stop plate and a corrosion-resistant seal member having an insertion portion for the anti-corrosion water stop plate. In addition, the anti-corrosion water blocking plate protrudes obliquely toward the center direction of the anti-corrosion water blocking plate with a fin-like pressure-bonding piece formed on both sides thereof having a protruding height larger than the width of the lateral groove of the insertion portion. A corrosion-resistant seal member that has a protrusion protruding to the locking protrusion provided on the corrosion-resistant seal member at a position decentered from the center of both surfaces, and has an insertion portion for a corrosion-resistant water stop plate on the joint end surface of the ring Embedded in the anti-corrosion water blocking plate It is an Abstract that is interposed corrosion waterstop the joint portion inserted.
[0025]
Fourth , the rehabilitated pipe body has a corrosion-resistant lining on the inside of the non-acid-resistant concrete ring, and the corrosion-resistant sealing member is connected to the corrosion-resistant lining so that the joint end face of the ring is on the inner wall surface side of the ring. The gist is to arrange.
[0026]
Fifth, corrosion seal member are those summarized in that integrally formed along the longitudinal direction on at least one edge of the strip of corrosion resistant lining applied to a circumferential direction on the inner peripheral surface of the ring .
[0027]
According to the first aspect of the present invention, the corrosion-resistant water blocking plate is easily inserted into the lateral groove of the corrosion-resistant sealing member, and after the insertion, the fin-shaped crimping piece provided on the corrosion-resistant water blocking plate is the corrosion-resistant sealing member. Crimp to the inner wall of the lateral groove. Thereby, even if the sulfuric acid generated in the sewer pipe is about to enter the ring joint portion, the fin-like pressure-bonding piece of the corrosion-resistant water blocking plate and the corrosion-resistant seal member prevent entry into the joint.
[0028]
And by providing the latching protrusion in the opening part of the corrosion-resistant seal member, the corrosion-resistant water blocking plate inserted into the lateral groove of the corrosion-resistant seal member is prevented from coming out.
[0029]
Furthermore, since the locking ridge to the corrosion-resistant sealing member is formed on the corrosion-resistant water blocking plate, the locking ridge engages with the locking protrusion and the corrosion-resistant water blocking plate is placed at a predetermined position in the corrosion-resistant sealing member. Holds securely.
[0030]
According to the second aspect of the present invention, the corrosion-resistant sealing member and the corrosion-resistant water blocking plate are made of a flexible synthetic resin, so that the corrosion resistance against sulfuric acid is ensured, and the crimping piece is bent using its elasticity. Thus, the watertightness of the corrosion-resistant seal structure was ensured by securely contacting the inner surface of the lateral groove of the corrosion-resistant seal member.
[0031]
According to the third aspect of the present invention, the inter-ring joint portion of the ring constituting the rehabilitation pipe is provided with a corrosion-resistant water stop plate at the insertion portion (lateral groove) formed in the corrosion-resistant seal member embedded in the joint end surface. Since it is inserted, a corrosion-resistant water stop plate is interposed in the joint portion between the rings, and a corrosion-resistant seal structure is obtained. Therefore, the sulfuric acid generated inside the sewer pipe can be prevented from entering the joint between the rings, and the sealing members and collars and other connecting members for protecting the watertightness from the external water pressure are also protected from the sulfuric acid. .
[0032]
According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, in addition to the above action, when the rehabilitated pipe body is formed with a corrosion-resistant lining on the inside of the non-acid-resistant concrete ring, the corrosion-resistant sealing member is used as the corrosion-resistant lining. By making it continuous, it can be easily and efficiently placed on the inner wall surface side of the ring at the joint end surface of the ring, and sulfuric acid that has entered the joints from the inside of the ring to the outside is removed from the external water pressure outside the ring. It can be surely prevented from reaching the end face of a non-acid-resistant concrete ring or a coupling member such as a sealing material and a collar for ensuring watertightness.
[0033]
According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, in addition to the above-described function, the corrosion-resistant sealing member is provided along the length direction along at least one edge of the strip-shaped corrosion-resistant lining that is circumferentially applied to the inner peripheral surface of the ring. Therefore, if the rehabilitated pipe body is made of non-acid-resistant concrete, if a corrosion-resistant lining is applied to the inside of the ring, a corrosion-resistant sealing member can be applied accordingly, and the workability is good. Further, since the corrosion-resistant seal member can be integrally formed simultaneously with the corrosion-resistant lining, the production is easy, and a seam is not formed between the corrosion-resistant seal member and the corrosion-resistant lining, so that the corrosion resistance function is improved.
[0034]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a longitudinal front view of a main portion showing an embodiment of a corrosion-resistant seal structure of the present invention and a rehabilitated pipe of an existing pipe having the structure, and FIG. 2 is a self-supporting system using the rehabilitated pipe of the existing pipe of the present invention. It is a longitudinal front view showing an example of the rehabilitation method by the pipe method, and it will be explained from the outline of the rehabilitation method by the self-standing pipe method.
[0035]
In the rehabilitation method using the self-supporting pipe method, the precast concrete ring 5 suspended by the crane 3 is carried into the existing pipe pipe 1 such as a deteriorated sewage pipe pipe from the shaft 4, and the ring 5 is placed below the shaft 4. The rehabilitation pipe 2 is constructed in the existing pipe pipe 1 by joining a plurality of rings 5. After the rehabilitation pipe 2 is inserted, the grout material is filled in the gap between the rehabilitation pipe 2 and the existing pipe 1.
[0036]
The rehabilitated pipe 2 of the present invention is used for the rehabilitation method of existing pipes by such a self-standing pipe system, and is constituted by a combination of a plurality of non-acid-resistant concrete precast rings 5 as shown in FIG. The The structure of each ring 5 will be described. As a coupling structure between the rings 5, a part of the collar 6 is inserted in advance on the outer peripheral portion of one joining end face as shown in FIG. The collar 6 is made of steel, for example, and is fixed by burying at the same time as the concrete is placed.
[0037]
A groove 7 in which the collar 6 is mounted is formed on the outer peripheral portion of the other joining end face of the ring 5. In the figure, 8 indicates a seal for external water pressure resistance.
[0038]
As a corrosion-resistant seal structure for protecting the rehabilitated pipe 2 from sulfuric acid generated in the sewage pipe, a corrosion-resistant sheet lining 9 by, for example, extrusion molding of a thermoplastic synthetic resin is disposed as shown in FIG. A corrosion-resistant water stop plate 11 is inserted into the corrosion-resistant sheet lining 9. The corrosion-resistant sheet lining 9 is disposed on the inner peripheral surface of the ring 5 in the circumferential direction. In the illustrated example, the corrosion-resistant sheet lining 9 is composed of three types of divided bodies, the left-side corrosion-resistant sheet lining 9 a and the right-side corrosion-resistant sheet lining 9. Sheet lining 9b and intermediate corrosion-resistant sheet lining 9c.
[0039]
The left-side corrosion-resistant sheet lining 9a and the right-side corrosion-resistant sheet lining 9b each have a belt-like shape. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 5, the left-side corrosion-resistant sheet lining 9a has a length at the left edge. The corrosion resistant seal member 10 is integrally formed along the direction, and the right corrosion resistant sheet lining 9b is integrally formed along the length direction along the right edge as shown in FIGS. The anti-corrosive seal members 10 on both sides are formed on the inner peripheral surface side of the joining end surface of the ring 5.
[0040]
As shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, the corrosion-resistant sealing member 10 is formed in an elongated strip shape having a U-shaped cross section with the side formed as an opening, and a pair of opposing sandwiching pieces 12 a and 12 b. Were integrally projected from the corrosion-resistant sheet linings 9a and 9b. A lateral groove-shaped space formed between the pair of sandwiching pieces 12a and 12b serves as an insertion portion 13 for the corrosion-resistant water-stopping plate 11. The sandwiching pieces 12a and 12b are provided on both sides of the corrosion-resistant water-stopping plate 11 on both sides. From. The opening of the corrosion-resistant seal member 10 is provided with a locking projection 14 that prevents the corrosion-resistant water blocking plate 11 from coming off.
[0041]
A T-shaped protrusion 15a for ensuring the integrity of the ring 5 with the concrete is formed on the outer side of the sandwiching piece 12a positioned on the ring 5 side when mounted on the ring 5, and the corrosion-resistant sheet lining 9a. Similarly, a substantially L-shaped protrusion 15b is formed.
[0042]
As shown in FIG. 5, a locking protrusion 16a with an intermediate corrosion-resistant sheet lining 9c is provided on the right end of the left-side corrosion-resistant sheet lining 9a in which the corrosion-resistant sealing member 10 is integrally formed at the left end in this way. As shown in FIG. 6, a locking groove 16b with an intermediate corrosion-resistant sheet lining 9c is provided at the left end portion of the right-side corrosion-resistant sheet lining 9b in which the corrosion-resistant seal member 10 is integrally formed at the right end portion.
[0043]
The intermediate corrosion-resistant sheet lining 9c disposed between the left and right corrosion-resistant sheet linings 9a and 9b does not include the corrosion-resistant seal member 10 as shown in FIG. 7, and includes a locking groove 16b at the left end and a right end. The locking protrusion 16a is integrally formed. The configuration in which the substantially L-shaped protrusion 15b is provided is the same as the left and right corrosion-resistant sheet linings 9a and 9b.
[0044]
The anti-corrosion water blocking plate 11 is made of a corrosion-resistant material and has a main body formed in a flat plate shape. As shown in FIG. 4, a plurality of fin-like pressure-bonding pieces 17 are provided in the vicinity of both end portions (two in the illustrated example). And a T-shaped locking protrusion 18 to the corrosion-resistant seal member 10 was provided at a position eccentric from the center of both surfaces. The crimping piece 17 projects obliquely toward the central direction of the corrosion-resistant water blocking plate 11, and the projecting height is formed larger than the width of the lateral groove that is the insertion portion 13.
[0045]
In order to dispose the corrosion-resistant sheet linings 9a and 9b and the corrosion-resistant seal members 10 formed on both sides thereof and the intermediate corrosion-resistant sheet lining 9c on the inner peripheral surface side of the joining end surface of the ring 5, The corrosion-resistant sheet linings 9a and 9b and the corrosion-resistant sealing member 10 formed on both sides thereof and the intermediate corrosion-resistant sheet lining 9c are cut into predetermined dimensions and wound around the inner mold of the ring 5 in the circumferential direction. Turn and place concrete to integrate with ring 5. Further, the joint portions of the corrosion-resistant sheet linings 9a, 9b, 9c are bonded or welded to be continuously integrated.
[0046]
In this case, the surface of the corrosion-resistant sheet lining 9 is formed smoothly, but since the protrusions 15a and 15b are formed on the back surface, the integrity with the concrete can be ensured. Further, since the locking protrusions 16a and the locking grooves 16b are formed at the connection end portions of the corrosion-resistant sheet linings 9a, 9b, and 9c, the corrosion-resistant sheet linings 9a and 9b can be obtained by fitting the both. 9c can be easily and reliably connected.
[0047]
Next, a method for forming the rehabilitated tube 2 by joining the rings 5 will be described. The rings 5 and 5 are opposed to each other, and one end of the corrosion-resistant water blocking plate 11 is inserted into the corrosion-resistant seal member 10 provided on one of the rings 5. In this case, if the side of the locking ridge 18 formed on the corrosion-resistant water blocking plate 11 is inserted into the lateral groove that is the insertion portion 13 of the corrosion-resistant seal member 10, the locking ridge 18 is inserted into the insertion portion 13 side. The anti-corrosion water blocking plate 11 is fixed at substantially the center in the insertion portion 13 by engaging with the locking projection 14.
[0048]
At the time of insertion, the crimping piece 17 protruding from the corrosion-resistant water blocking plate 11 is press-fitted while being bent.
[0049]
Thus, if one side of the corrosion-resistant water blocking plate 11 is inserted into one ring 5 and then one side of the corrosion-resistant water blocking plate 11 is inserted into the other ring 5, the corrosion-resistant water blocking plate 11 is inserted. Are inserted into the rings 5 and 5 whose both ends are adjacent.
[0050]
In this state, as shown in FIG. 8, the crimping piece 17 of the corrosion-resistant water blocking plate 11 is crimped to the sandwiching pieces 12 a and 12 b on both sides at the insertion portion 13 and fixed to the corrosion-resistant seal member 10.
[0051]
Therefore, the sulfuric acid generated inside the pipe and invading the joint between the rings 5 enters the corrosion-resistant sealing member 10 and then drops along the corrosion-resistant water-stopping plate 11 from the gas phase to the liquid phase. It dissolves in sewage and becomes virtually harmless.
[0052]
The seam of the corrosion-resistant sheet lining 9 and the anti-corrosion water blocking plate 11 is continuously integrated by bonding or welding, but the seam is constructed so as to be located at the lowermost end of the correction pipe 2 and is always located in the liquid phase part. It is preferable to make it.
[0053]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the corrosion-resistant seal structure of the present invention and the rehabilitated pipe of the existing pipe having the structure are the seal material against the external water pressure required when the ring is made of precast concrete, and the collar that connects the rings. Such a member can be protected from sulfuric acid generated inside the sewer pipe.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional front view of a main part showing an embodiment of a corrosion-resistant seal structure of the present invention and an existing pipe rehabilitation pipe having the structure.
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal front view showing an example of a rehabilitation method by a self-supporting pipe method using a rehabilitation pipe of an existing pipe according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an overall perspective view of a rehabilitation pipe of an existing pipe according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a longitudinal front view of a corrosion-resistant water stop plate showing an embodiment of a corrosion-resistant seal structure of the present invention and a renovated pipe of an existing pipe having the structure.
FIG. 5 is a longitudinal front view of a corrosion-resistant sheet lining on the left side showing an embodiment of a corrosion-resistant seal structure of the present invention and a renovated pipe of an existing pipe having the structure.
FIG. 6 is a longitudinal front view of a corrosion-resistant sheet lining on the right side showing an embodiment of the corrosion-resistant seal structure of the present invention and a renovated pipe of an existing pipe having the structure.
FIG. 7 is a longitudinal front view of an intermediate corrosion-resistant sheet lining showing an embodiment of a corrosion-resistant seal structure of the present invention and a rehabilitated pipe of an existing pipe having the structure.
FIG. 8 is a longitudinal front view of a state in which a corrosion-resistant water blocking plate is inserted into a corrosion-resistant seal member showing an embodiment of a corrosion-resistant seal structure of the present invention and a renovated pipe of an existing pipe having the structure.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Existing pipe 2 ... Rehabilitation pipe 3 ... Crane 4 ... Vertical shaft 5 ... Ring 6 ... Collar 7 ... Groove 8 ... Seal for external water pressure 9 ... Corrosion-resistant sheet lining 9a ... Corrosion-resistant sheet lining 9b ... Right-hand side Corrosion-resistant sheet lining 9c: Intermediate corrosion-resistant sheet lining 10: Corrosion-resistant sealing member 11 ... Corrosion-resistant water blocking plates 12a, 12b ... Clamping piece 13 ... Insertion part 14 ... Locking protrusion 15a, 15b ... Projection 16a ... Locking protrusion Thread 16b ... Locking groove 17 ... Crimp piece 18 ... Locking protrusion

Claims (5)

耐蝕止水板と、該耐蝕止水板の挿着部を有する耐蝕シール部材とから構成される耐蝕シール構造であって、耐蝕シール部材は少なくとも一端に耐蝕止水板を挟み込む横溝の開口部に係止突起を設けて形成し、耐蝕止水板は両面にその突出高さを前記挿着部の横溝の幅よりも大きく形成したひれ状の圧着片を当該耐蝕止水板の中央方向に向けて斜めに突設するとともに、耐蝕シール部材に設けた前記係止突起への係止突条を両面の中央から偏心した位置に突設したことを特徴とする耐蝕シール構造。A corrosion-resistant seal structure comprising a corrosion-resistant water stop plate and a corrosion-resistant seal member having an insertion portion for the corrosion-resistant water stop plate, the corrosion-resistant seal member at least at one end in an opening portion of a lateral groove that sandwiches the corrosion-resistant water stop plate The anti-corrosion water blocking plate is formed with a locking projection, and a fin-shaped crimping piece formed on both sides with a protruding height larger than the width of the lateral groove of the insertion part is directed toward the center of the anti-corrosion water blocking plate. A corrosion-resistant seal structure characterized in that the locking protrusions to the locking protrusions provided on the corrosion-resistant seal member are protruded obliquely from the center of both surfaces . 耐蝕シール部材および耐蝕止水板は、可撓性合成樹脂製とする請求項1記載の耐蝕シール構造。The corrosion-resistant seal structure according to claim 1 , wherein the corrosion-resistant seal member and the corrosion-resistant water blocking plate are made of a flexible synthetic resin. プレキャストコンクリート製のリングの接合により構成され、既設管きょ内に配設する更生管において、リング間目地部を耐蝕シール構造とし、該耐蝕シール構造は、耐蝕止水板と、該耐蝕止水板の挿着部を有する耐蝕シール部材とから構成され、耐蝕シール部材は少なくとも一端に耐蝕止水板を挟み込む横溝の開口部に係止突起を設けて形成し、耐蝕止水板は両面にその突出高さを前記挿着部の横溝の幅よりも大きく形成したひれ状の圧着片を当該耐蝕止水板の中央方向に向けて斜めに突設するとともに、耐蝕シール部材に設けた前記係止突起への係止突条を両面の中央から偏心した位置に突設するものとし、前記リングの接合端面に耐蝕止水板の挿着部を有する耐蝕シール部材を埋設し、前記挿着部に耐蝕止水板を挿入して目地部に耐蝕止水板を介装させることを特徴とする既設管きょの更生管。Is constituted by joining precast concrete ring, the rehabilitating pipe that disposed within the existing pipe imaginary, the inter-ring joints and anti-corrosion sealing structure, the corrosion seal structure includes a corrosion waterstop, the corrosion stop The anti-corrosion seal member is formed by providing a locking projection at the opening of the lateral groove that sandwiches the anti-corrosion water stop plate at least at one end, and the anti-corrosion water stop plate is formed on both sides. A fin-shaped crimping piece having a protruding height larger than the width of the lateral groove of the insertion portion is projected obliquely toward the center of the corrosion-resistant water stop plate, and the engagement member provided on the corrosion-resistant seal member. A locking protrusion to the locking protrusion is projected at a position eccentric from the center of both surfaces, and a corrosion-resistant sealing member having a corrosion-resistant water-proof plate insertion portion is embedded in the joint end surface of the ring, and the insertion portion Corrosion-resistant water stop plates are inserted into the joints to resist corrosion Rehabilitating pipe of the existing pipe imaginary for causing interposed water plate. 更生管本体を、非耐酸性コンクリート製リングの内側に耐蝕性ライニングを施したものとし、該耐蝕シール部材を耐蝕性ライニングに連続させてリングの接合端面においてリングの内壁面側に配置する請求項記載の既設管きょの更生管。The rehabilitated pipe body has a corrosion-resistant lining on the inside of the non-acid-resistant concrete ring, and the corrosion-resistant sealing member is arranged on the inner wall surface side of the ring at the joint end face of the ring in a continuous manner with the corrosion-resistant lining. Rehabilitation pipe for existing pipe according to 3 . 耐蝕シール部材は、リングの内周面に周方向に施される帯状の耐蝕性ライニングの少なくとも一方の縁に長さ方向にそって一体に形成する請求項または請求項に記載の既設管きょの更生管。The existing pipe according to claim 3 or 4 , wherein the corrosion-resistant sealing member is integrally formed along at least one edge of a strip-shaped corrosion-resistant lining provided in the circumferential direction on the inner peripheral surface of the ring. Kyo no Rehabilitation Tube.
JP2003032600A 2003-02-10 2003-02-10 Corrosion-resistant seal structure and existing pipe rehabilitation pipe having the structure Expired - Fee Related JP4354712B2 (en)

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