JP4354627B2 - Vapor compression refrigerator compressor - Google Patents

Vapor compression refrigerator compressor Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4354627B2
JP4354627B2 JP2000376885A JP2000376885A JP4354627B2 JP 4354627 B2 JP4354627 B2 JP 4354627B2 JP 2000376885 A JP2000376885 A JP 2000376885A JP 2000376885 A JP2000376885 A JP 2000376885A JP 4354627 B2 JP4354627 B2 JP 4354627B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
wall member
head
compressor
vapor compression
head inner
Prior art date
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Expired - Fee Related
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JP2000376885A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2002180960A (en
Inventor
山田  均
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Sanden Holdings Corp
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Sanden Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、蒸気圧縮式冷凍機用コンプレッサに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
車両用空調装置などの様々な分野で冷凍サイクル又は冷凍機が用いられている。その冷凍機には、通常、冷媒としてR134が使用されている。この種の冷媒はそれほど高圧に圧縮することは必要ではない。そのため、一般的な冷凍機用コンプレッサはなるべく多くの部分をアルミニウム系の材料で作ることにより軽量化を計っている。
【0003】
最近では、地球温暖化防止のために、車両用空調装置の冷凍機に冷媒としてCOを用いることが提案されている。COを用いる冷凍機のコンプレッサを蒸気圧縮式冷凍機用コンプレッサと呼ぶ。
【0004】
一般的な冷凍機用コンプレッサと同様に、蒸気圧縮式冷凍機用コンプレッサも、吸入室と吐出室とを有する一体形成されたシリンダヘッドを備えている。運転時には、吸入室を通してCOを吸入し、また吐出室を通してCOを吐出する。したがって、運転時には吐出室の圧力は吸入室の圧力よりも高くなる。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
特に蒸気圧縮式冷凍機用コンプレッサは、一般的な冷凍機用コンプレッサよりも高い作動圧力を要求されるため、運転時に吐出室の圧力が非常に高くなることは避けられない。このため、シリンダヘッドの耐圧性を高めることが必要である。
【0006】
しかし、一体形成されたシリンダヘッドをアルミニウム系の材料で作る場合には厚肉に作らざるを得ないためコンプレッサの寸法が増大し、また鉄系の材料で作る場合には必然的にコンプレッサの重量が増加してしまうという問題をもつ。
【0007】
それ故に本発明の課題は、シリンダヘッドに必要な耐圧性をもつ小型でかつ軽量化が可能な蒸気圧縮式冷凍機用コンプレッサを提供することにある。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明によれば、吸入室と該吸入室よりも高圧になる吐出室とを形成するシリンダヘッドを備えた蒸気圧縮式冷凍機用コンプレッサにおいて、前記シリンダヘッドは、前記吐出室を規定するヘッド内壁部材と、前記ヘッド内壁部材を取り囲み該ヘッド内壁部材の周りに前記吸入室を規定するヘッド外壁部材と、前記ヘッド内壁部材を前記ヘッド外壁部材に結合した結合手段とを含み、前記ヘッド内壁部材は前記ヘッド外壁部材よりも耐圧性の高い材料によって作られていることを特徴とする蒸気圧縮式冷凍機用コンプレッサが得られる。
【0009】
前記ヘッド内壁部材は鉄系の材料で作られ、前記ヘッド外壁部材はアルミニウム系の材料で作られていてもよい。
【0010】
前記ヘッド内壁部材は、ドーム形状、半球形状、円錐形状、及び箱形状のうちのいずれかの形状をなしていてもよい。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
図1を参照して、本発明の第1の実施の形態に係る蒸気圧縮式冷凍機用コンプレッサについて説明する。
【0012】
図1の蒸気圧縮式冷凍機用コンプレッサは、所謂、容量固定型斜板式コンプレッサと呼ばれるタイプのものであり、シリンダブロック11と、このシリンダブロック11の前端に当接したフロントハウジング12と、シリンダブロック11の後端に弁板13を介して配置されたシリンダヘッド14とを含んでいる。シリンダブロック11、フロントハウジング12、弁板13、及びシリンダヘッド14は、締結ボルト15などの締結手段により軸方向で締め付け固定されている。なお、シリンダブロック11及びフロントハウジング12はいずれもアルミニウム毛の材料から作られている。
【0013】
シリンダブロック11には、中心軸の周りに複数のシリンダボア16が形成されている。各シリンダボア16は軸方向にのびており、そこにピストン17が軸方向に摺動可能に挿入されている。
【0014】
弁板13には、各シリンダボア16に対応して、吸入口18及び吐出口19が形成されている。弁板13とシリンダブロック11との間には、吸入口18に対向した吸入弁(図示せず)が備えられている。弁板13とシリンダヘッド14との間には、吐出口19に対向した吐出弁(図示せず)が備えられている。また、弁板13には、吐出弁に対向したリテーナ21が固定されている。弁板13、吸入弁、吐出弁、及びリテーナ21は、弁板アセンブリとして予め組み立てられている。
【0015】
シリンダヘッド14は、吐出室22を規定するヘッド内壁部材23と、ヘッド内壁部材23を取り囲み、ヘッド内壁部材23の周りに吸入室24を規定するヘッド外壁部材25とを含んでいる。ヘッド外壁部材25は締結ボルト15により締め付け固定されている。ヘッド内壁部材23はヘッド外壁部材25に結合ボルト26により結合されている。ヘッド内壁部材23とヘッド外壁部材25とは凹凸嵌合により互いに位置決めされ、かつそれらの間には、結合ボルト26の周りにのびたシール用のオーリング27が介在している。
【0016】
こうして、シリンダヘッド14には、周辺に吸入室24が形成され、中央に吐出室22が形成されている。吸入口18は吸入室24に連通している。吐出口19は吐出室22に連通している。なお、図示は省略したが、吸入室24及び吐出室22には吸入ポート及び吐出ポートがそれぞれ接続されている。
【0017】
ヘッド内壁部材23はヘッド外壁部材25よりも耐圧性の高い材料によって作られている。即ち、ヘッド内壁部材23は鉄系、例えば、ステンレス系の材料で作られ、ヘッド外壁部材25はアルミニウム系の材料で作られている。ヘッド内壁部材23及びヘッド外壁部材25は、プレス加工又は切削加工により形成され得る。
【0018】
シリンダブロック11とフロントハウジング12には、中心軸上にのびた主軸31が回転可能に且つ軸方向には移動しないように支持されている。主軸31には所定角度をもって傾斜した斜板32が固定されている。斜板32の周辺部分の軸方向両面には、シュー33,34を介してピストン17が軸方向で係合している。シュー33,34はピストン17に保持されかつ斜板32に対し摺動可能なものである。主軸31、斜板32、及びシュー33,34は合わせて駆動機構を構成する。
【0019】
主軸31が回転駆動されると、斜板32も主軸31とともに回転する。斜板32の回転にしたがい、シュー33,34を介してピストン17が駆動され、シリンダボア16内で往復動する。ピストン17に往復動にしたがい、COが冷媒ガスとして吸入室24吸入口18を通してシリンダボア16に吸入され、圧縮されて吐出口19を通して吐出室22に吐出される。ピストン17が上死点近傍に移動した際には、冷媒ガスはシリンダボア16内で圧縮されてかなり高い圧力になり、吐出室22に吐出される。この結果、吐出室22は吸入室24に比べきわめて高圧になる。
【0020】
上述した蒸気圧縮式冷凍機用コンプレッサによると、吐出室22を規定するヘッド内壁部材23は耐圧性の高い材料よりなるため比較的薄く作ることができ、寸法を増大させる虞なく高圧に耐え得る。また、ヘッド外壁部材25はアルミニウム系の材料よりなるため重量の増加は少なくてすむ。しかも、ヘッド外壁部材25には吸入室24の圧力が加わるのみであるため、この部分を厚く形成する必要はなく、ヘッド外壁部材25による寸法や重量の増加の虞も少ない。したがって、シリンダヘッドに必要な耐圧性をもつ小型でかつ軽量化が可能な蒸気圧縮式冷凍機用コンプレッサを提供することができる。
【0021】
図2(a)〜(d)に示すように、ヘッド内壁部材23は様々な形状に作られ得る。(a)はドーム形状のヘッド内壁部材23aを示し、(b)は半球形状のヘッド内壁部材23bを示し、(c)は円錐形状のヘッド内壁部材23cを示し、(d)は箱形状のヘッド内壁部材23dを示す。
【0022】
なお、上述では容量固定型斜板式コンプレッサを例にとって説明したが、これに限らず、所謂、容量可変型斜板式コンプレッサやその他の様々な形式のコンプレッサにおいても同様に実施できることは言うまでもない。
【0023】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明によれば、シリンダヘッドに必要な耐圧性をもつ小型でかつ軽量化が可能な蒸気圧縮式冷凍機用コンプレッサを提供することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の第1の実施の形態に係る蒸気圧縮式冷凍機用コンプレッサの縦断面図である。
【図2】(a)〜(d)は、図1の蒸気圧縮式冷凍機用コンプレッサに使用されたヘッド内壁部材の様々な形状例を示すそれぞれ断面図である。
【符号の説明】
11 シリンダブロック
12 フロントハウジング
13 弁板
14 シリンダヘッド
15 ボルト
16 シリンダボア
17 ピストン
18 吸入口
19 吐出口
21 リテーナ
22 吐出室
23 ヘッド内壁部材
23a〜23d ヘッド内壁部材
24 吸入室
25 ヘッド外壁部材
26 結合ボルト
31 主軸
32 斜板
33,34 シュー
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a compressor for a vapor compression refrigerator.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Refrigeration cycles or refrigerators are used in various fields such as vehicle air conditioners. In the refrigerator, R134 is usually used as a refrigerant. This type of refrigerant need not be compressed to such a high pressure. For this reason, general refrigerator compressors are made lighter by making as many parts as possible from aluminum-based materials.
[0003]
Recently, in order to prevent global warming, it has been proposed to use CO 2 as a refrigerant in a refrigerator of a vehicle air conditioner. A compressor of a refrigerator using CO 2 is called a vapor compression refrigerator compressor.
[0004]
Similar to a general refrigerator compressor, a vapor compression refrigerator compressor includes an integrally formed cylinder head having a suction chamber and a discharge chamber. In operation, the CO 2 and sucked through the suction chamber, also discharges of CO 2 through the discharge chamber. Therefore, during operation, the pressure in the discharge chamber is higher than the pressure in the suction chamber.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In particular, a compressor for a vapor compression refrigerator is required to have a higher operating pressure than a general compressor for a refrigerator, and thus the pressure in the discharge chamber is inevitably increased during operation. For this reason, it is necessary to increase the pressure resistance of the cylinder head.
[0006]
However, when the integrally formed cylinder head is made of an aluminum-based material, the size of the compressor increases because it must be made thick, and when it is made of an iron-based material, the weight of the compressor is necessarily increased. Has the problem of increasing.
[0007]
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a compressor for a vapor compression refrigeration machine that has a pressure resistance required for a cylinder head and can be reduced in size and weight.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to the present invention, in a compressor for a vapor compression refrigeration machine including a cylinder head that forms a suction chamber and a discharge chamber having a pressure higher than that of the suction chamber, the cylinder head has a head inner wall that defines the discharge chamber. A member, a head outer wall member surrounding the head inner wall member and defining the suction chamber around the head inner wall member, and coupling means for coupling the head inner wall member to the head outer wall member. A compressor for a vapor compression refrigeration machine is obtained, which is made of a material having higher pressure resistance than the outer wall member of the head.
[0009]
The head inner wall member may be made of an iron-based material, and the head outer wall member may be made of an aluminum-based material.
[0010]
The head inner wall member may have any one of a dome shape, a hemispherical shape, a conical shape, and a box shape.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
With reference to FIG. 1, the compressor for vapor compression refrigerators concerning the 1st Embodiment of this invention is demonstrated.
[0012]
1 is a so-called fixed capacity type swash plate compressor, a cylinder block 11, a front housing 12 in contact with the front end of the cylinder block 11, and a cylinder block. 11 and a cylinder head 14 disposed via a valve plate 13 at the rear end. The cylinder block 11, the front housing 12, the valve plate 13, and the cylinder head 14 are fastened and fixed in the axial direction by fastening means such as fastening bolts 15. The cylinder block 11 and the front housing 12 are both made of an aluminum bristle material.
[0013]
The cylinder block 11 is formed with a plurality of cylinder bores 16 around the central axis. Each cylinder bore 16 extends in the axial direction, and a piston 17 is inserted therein so as to be slidable in the axial direction.
[0014]
A suction port 18 and a discharge port 19 are formed in the valve plate 13 corresponding to each cylinder bore 16. A suction valve (not shown) facing the suction port 18 is provided between the valve plate 13 and the cylinder block 11. A discharge valve (not shown) facing the discharge port 19 is provided between the valve plate 13 and the cylinder head 14. In addition, a retainer 21 facing the discharge valve is fixed to the valve plate 13. The valve plate 13, the suction valve, the discharge valve, and the retainer 21 are preassembled as a valve plate assembly.
[0015]
The cylinder head 14 includes a head inner wall member 23 that defines a discharge chamber 22, and a head outer wall member 25 that surrounds the head inner wall member 23 and defines a suction chamber 24 around the head inner wall member 23. The head outer wall member 25 is fastened and fixed by fastening bolts 15. The head inner wall member 23 is coupled to the head outer wall member 25 by a coupling bolt 26. The head inner wall member 23 and the head outer wall member 25 are positioned with respect to each other by concave-convex fitting, and a sealing O-ring 27 extending around the coupling bolt 26 is interposed therebetween.
[0016]
Thus, the cylinder head 14 has a suction chamber 24 formed in the periphery and a discharge chamber 22 formed in the center. The suction port 18 communicates with the suction chamber 24. The discharge port 19 communicates with the discharge chamber 22. Although not shown, a suction port and a discharge port are connected to the suction chamber 24 and the discharge chamber 22, respectively.
[0017]
The head inner wall member 23 is made of a material having higher pressure resistance than the head outer wall member 25. That is, the head inner wall member 23 is made of an iron-based material, for example, a stainless steel material, and the head outer wall member 25 is made of an aluminum-based material. The head inner wall member 23 and the head outer wall member 25 can be formed by pressing or cutting.
[0018]
A main shaft 31 extending on the central axis is supported by the cylinder block 11 and the front housing 12 so as to be rotatable and not to move in the axial direction. A swash plate 32 inclined at a predetermined angle is fixed to the main shaft 31. The piston 17 is engaged with both axial surfaces of the peripheral portion of the swash plate 32 in the axial direction via shoes 33 and 34. The shoes 33 and 34 are held by the piston 17 and are slidable with respect to the swash plate 32. The main shaft 31, the swash plate 32, and the shoes 33, 34 together constitute a drive mechanism.
[0019]
When the main shaft 31 is driven to rotate, the swash plate 32 also rotates together with the main shaft 31. As the swash plate 32 rotates, the piston 17 is driven through the shoes 33 and 34 and reciprocates in the cylinder bore 16. As the piston 17 reciprocates, CO 2 is sucked into the cylinder bore 16 as a refrigerant gas through the suction chamber 24 through the suction port 18, compressed, and discharged into the discharge chamber 22 through the discharge port 19. When the piston 17 moves near the top dead center, the refrigerant gas is compressed in the cylinder bore 16 to a considerably high pressure and is discharged into the discharge chamber 22. As a result, the discharge chamber 22 has an extremely high pressure compared to the suction chamber 24.
[0020]
According to the above-described compressor for a vapor compression refrigerator, the head inner wall member 23 that defines the discharge chamber 22 is made of a material having high pressure resistance, so that it can be made relatively thin and can withstand high pressure without increasing the size. Further, since the head outer wall member 25 is made of an aluminum-based material, an increase in weight is small. Moreover, since only the pressure of the suction chamber 24 is applied to the head outer wall member 25, it is not necessary to form this portion thickly, and there is little risk of increase in size and weight due to the head outer wall member 25. Therefore, it is possible to provide a compressor for a vapor compression refrigerator that has a pressure resistance required for the cylinder head and can be reduced in size and weight.
[0021]
As shown in FIGS. 2A to 2D, the head inner wall member 23 can be made in various shapes. (A) shows a dome-shaped head inner wall member 23a, (b) shows a hemispherical head inner wall member 23b, (c) shows a conical head inner wall member 23c, and (d) shows a box-shaped head. The inner wall member 23d is shown.
[0022]
In the above description, the fixed-capacity swash plate compressor has been described as an example. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and it goes without saying that the present invention can be similarly applied to a so-called variable displacement swash plate compressor and other various types of compressors.
[0023]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a compressor for a vapor compression refrigeration machine that has a pressure resistance required for a cylinder head and can be reduced in size and weight.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a compressor for a vapor compression refrigeration machine according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
2A to 2D are cross-sectional views showing various shape examples of a head inner wall member used in the compressor for the vapor compression refrigeration machine of FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
11 Cylinder block 12 Front housing 13 Valve plate 14 Cylinder head 15 Bolt 16 Cylinder bore 17 Piston 18 Suction port 19 Discharge port 21 Retainer 22 Discharge chamber 23 Head inner wall members 23a-23d Head inner wall member 24 Suction chamber 25 Head outer wall member 26 Coupling bolt 31 Main shaft 32 Swash plate 33, 34 Shoe

Claims (6)

吸入室と該吸入室よりも高圧になる吐出室とを形成するシリンダヘッドを備えた蒸気圧縮式冷凍機用コンプレッサにおいて、前記シリンダヘッドは、前記吐出室を規定するヘッド内壁部材と、前記ヘッド内壁部材を取り囲み該ヘッド内壁部材の周りに前記吸入室を規定するヘッド外壁部材と、前記ヘッド内壁部材を前記ヘッド外壁部材に結合した結合手段とを含み、前記ヘッド内壁部材は前記ヘッド外壁部材よりも耐圧性の高い材料によって作られていることを特徴とする蒸気圧縮式冷凍機用コンプレッサ。In a compressor for a vapor compression refrigeration machine including a cylinder head that forms a suction chamber and a discharge chamber having a pressure higher than that of the suction chamber, the cylinder head includes a head inner wall member that defines the discharge chamber, and the head inner wall A head outer wall member surrounding the member and defining the suction chamber around the head inner wall member; and coupling means for coupling the head inner wall member to the head outer wall member, the head inner wall member being more than the head outer wall member. A compressor for a vapor compression refrigeration machine, characterized by being made of a material with high pressure resistance. 前記ヘッド内壁部材は鉄系の材料で作られ、前記ヘッド外壁部材はアルミニウム系の材料で作られている請求項1に記載の蒸気圧縮式冷凍機用コンプレッサ。The compressor for a vapor compression refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein the head inner wall member is made of an iron-based material, and the head outer wall member is made of an aluminum-based material. 前記ヘッド内壁部材はドーム形状をなしている請求項1又は2に記載の蒸気圧縮式冷凍機用コンプレッサ。The compressor for a vapor compression refrigerator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the head inner wall member has a dome shape. 前記ヘッド内壁部材は半球形状をなしている請求項1又は2に記載の蒸気圧縮式冷凍機用コンプレッサ。The compressor for a vapor compression refrigerator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the head inner wall member has a hemispherical shape. 前記ヘッド内壁部材は円錐形状をなしている請求項1又は2に記載の蒸気圧縮式冷凍機用コンプレッサ。The compressor for a vapor compression refrigerator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the head inner wall member has a conical shape. 前記ヘッド内壁部材は箱形状をなしている請求項1又は2に記載の蒸気圧縮式冷凍機用コンプレッサ。The compressor for a vapor compression refrigerator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the head inner wall member has a box shape.
JP2000376885A 2000-12-12 2000-12-12 Vapor compression refrigerator compressor Expired - Fee Related JP4354627B2 (en)

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CN105649958B (en) * 2016-03-29 2018-08-10 浙江三田汽车空调压缩机有限公司 Improve the Novel cylinder body of thrust bearing installation site structure

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