JP4351481B2 - Novel flour, flour preparations and secondary processed foods using the same - Google Patents

Novel flour, flour preparations and secondary processed foods using the same Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4351481B2
JP4351481B2 JP2003178380A JP2003178380A JP4351481B2 JP 4351481 B2 JP4351481 B2 JP 4351481B2 JP 2003178380 A JP2003178380 A JP 2003178380A JP 2003178380 A JP2003178380 A JP 2003178380A JP 4351481 B2 JP4351481 B2 JP 4351481B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
flour
wheat
yield
milling
weight
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JP2005013014A (en
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智規 伊藤
正明 市野
敦 金子
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Showa Sangyo Co Ltd
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Showa Sangyo Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、二次加工食品を製造する際の二次加工性に優れた特徴を有する新規な小麦粉およびそれを用いた小麦粉調製品、二次加工食品に関する。
【0002】
【従来技術】
従来の小麦製粉では、あらかじめ外皮部(外皮および種皮)を除去することなく、挽砕を行い、粉砕と篩い分けを組合せた多段階の工程の中で胚乳と外皮部とを分離し、小麦粉を製造している。すなわち、小麦製粉の工程は、挽砕の初期段階で小麦粒を開披して胚乳を粗い粒子の状態で取り出し、外皮部と胚乳とをはく離する工程、次いで粗い粒子の胚乳を細かく粉砕し、上り粉と呼ばれる細かい粒子を得るための工程に大別され、さらにこれらの工程が多段階に細分化されて構成されている。そして、細分化された各工程から得られた上り粉を、灰分量、蛋白量やその質、および二次加工性などの要素を勘案してグルーピングを行うことで製品小麦粉となる。
【0003】
一般に小麦粉の品質は、灰分の低いものから順に、特等粉、1等粉、2等粉、などに格付けされ、等級が低くなるにしたがい、外皮部の混入が多くなり、小麦粉の色調は暗くなり、二次加工の際の二次加工性が低下するため、小麦粉の品質は低下する。また例えばパンやうどんに代表される小麦粉二次加工食品の品質は、使用する小麦粉の品質の影響を受けるため、外皮部の混入の少ない等級の高い小麦粉ほど市場価値が高いとされてきた。
【0004】
製粉方法を工夫することで製パン適性を向上させる試みが行われてきた(特許文献1〜3)が、製品を上市させるには至っていない。
【0005】
従来の製粉方法に替わる小麦粉の品質を向上させる手段として、小麦全粒の表皮部(外皮、種皮およびアリューロン層)を剥離して胚乳と分離させることにより、灰分量の少ない良質の小麦粉の歩留りを向上させる様々な方法が検討されている(特開文献4〜7)。しかしながら、何れの方法も従来の小麦粉の品質基準である灰分量の少ない小麦粉の歩留り向上を目的としており、二次加工性を著しく改良する効果を見出すことはできなかった。
【0006】
【特許文献1】
特許第3180934号公報
【特許文献2】
特許第3180929号公報
【特許文献3】
特開2000−33276号公報
【特許文献4】
特開昭62−87250号公報
【特許文献5】
特開昭63−119856号公報
【特許文献6】
特開昭63−143948号公報
【特許文献7】
特開平9−313955号公報
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
このように従来技術では、表皮部の混入を低減させ、灰分量を低下させることによる小麦粉の品質向上を目的としており、小麦粉に新たな品質価値を付与することはできなった。
本発明は、従来の多段階のロール粉砕による製粉方法では得られない二次加工性に優れた特徴を有する小麦粉を提供すること、およびその小麦粉を使用した小麦粉調製品、二次加工食品を提供することを技術課題とする。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、小麦粉に新たな品質的価値を付与するには、小麦粒の表皮部のうち、外皮および種皮の除去方法が重要であることを見いだし、本発明を完成するに至った。
すなわち、本発明者らは、鋭意検討を行った結果、表皮部のうち、外皮と種皮を除去することが重要であり、灰分量をコントロールする必要性は小さいことを見いだし、さらに小麦全粒の最外部から2ないし15重量%を除去することで、二次加工食品を製造する際の二次加工性に優れた特徴を有する小麦粉が得られることを見いだし、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0009】
従来技術では、外皮部とアリューロン層を除去することを目的に精麦処理が試みられているが、小麦粉に新たな品質的価値を見いだすには至っていなかった。一般的に、精麦処理で小麦全粒の表皮部のみを完全に剥離除去することは困難である。また精麦処理した小麦粒は、一粒毎に精麦の度合いが異なり、表皮部の残存量にもバラツキが生じるため、灰分量を低減させる効果を十分に得るためには、過度の精麦処理を行う必要があり、最終製品である小麦粉の歩留りを低下させる問題点があった。
【0010】
本発明者らは、小麦全粒の外皮部を効率的に除去することを目的として鋭意検討を行い、小麦全粒の最外部から2ないし15重量%を除去する精麦処理を行う工程により管理することで、新たな品質的価値を小麦粉に付与することを可能とした。
すなわち、予め小麦全粒の最外部から2ないし15重量%を除去した後で、製粉することで、二次加工食品を製造する際の二次加工性に優れた特徴を有する小麦粉が得られることを見いだした。より詳細には、小麦全粒の外皮部の一部を除去すること、アリューロン層は小麦粉側に取り込むことことが重要であること、除去する量は小麦全粒の最外部から2重量%以上であること、実用的には小麦全粒の最外部から2ないし15重量%を除去する精麦処理を行う工程により管理することで、二次加工食品を製造する際の二次加工性に優れた特徴を有する小麦粉が得られることを見いだした。
本発明の小麦粉を用いることで、二次加工食品を製造する際の二次加工性が改善され、生産性を向上させる効果が期待できる。また、二次加工食品の品質も良好なものとなり、商品価値を高める効果もある。
【0011】
すなわち、本発明は、以下の(1)のベーカリー製品の生産工程における混捏状態および機械耐性からなる二次加工性を、精麦歩留まりが98%を越えるように精麦処理した小麦粒を製粉した小麦粉を用いた場合と比較して、向上させる方法を要旨とする。
(1) ベーカリー製品の生産工程における混捏状態および機械耐性からなる二次加工性を、精麦歩留まりが98%を越えるように精麦処理した小麦粒を製粉した小麦粉を用いた場合と比較して、向上させる方法であって、原料として小麦全粒の最外部から2ないし15重量%を除去する精麦処理により得られたアリューロン層を最外部の内側もしくは最外部とする小麦粒を製粉した小麦粉を用いることを特徴とする方法
【0014】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明において、精麦する対象、すなわち最外部を除去する対象を「小麦全粒」という。したがって、本発明の小麦粉が原料小麦粒とするのは、小麦全粒から最外部を除去した小麦粒である。小麦全粒から外皮、種皮、アリューロン層からなる表皮部の一部を最外部から除去したアリューロン層を最外部の内側もしくは実質的に最外部とする小麦粒であり、小麦全粒の最外部から2ないし15重量%を除去する精麦処理を行うことで得られる。柴田茂久、中江利明著「小麦粉製品の知識」(幸書房)によると、小麦全粒〔重量比(%)100、灰分(%)1.8〕は、外皮(4、5.0)、種皮(2.5、8.0)、およびアリューロン層(6.5、11.0)からなる表皮部、胚乳(85、0.7)、胚芽(2、4.5)からなっている。アリューロン層を最外部の内側もしくは実質的に最外部とする小麦粒を原料小麦粒とする小麦粉は、小麦全粒の最外部から2ないし15重量%を除去する精麦処理を行う工程を含む製粉方法により得られる。小麦全粒の最外部から2ないし15重量%を除去する精麦処理を行う工程とは、詳細には精麦歩留りを98ないし85%となるように管理する精麦工程をいう。
【0015】
精麦製粉の工程、すなわち精麦歩留りが98ないし85%となるように精麦処理を行う工程を含む製粉方法により、小麦全粒の外皮部を効率的に除去し、従来の製粉方法では得ることができない、二次加工食品を製造する際の二次加工性に優れた特徴を有する高品質の小麦粉が得られる。
【0016】
本発明の小麦粉は、小麦全粒を精麦工程と製粉工程により処理すること、および精麦工程において精麦歩留り98ないし85%となるように精麦処理することで得られる小麦粒、すなわち小麦全粒の最外部から2ないし15重量%を除去した小麦粒を原料小麦粒として製粉することで、二次加工食品を製造する際の二次加工性に優れた特徴を有する高品質の小麦粉である。したがって、精麦工程は、小麦粒を精麦歩留り98ないし85%に精麦可能な方法であれば特に規定されず、また製粉工程は精麦処理した小麦粒が粉砕可能な方法であれば特に制約無く実施可能である。
【0017】
本発明の小麦粉を得る具体的な方法としては、例えば株式会社サタケのペリテックシステムのような精麦工程とロール粉砕の工程を併せ持つ製粉システムを利用する方法のほか、精麦機による精麦工程と従来の多段階ロールによる製粉工程を併用する方法、精麦機による精麦工程と一般的な粉砕機による粉砕工程を組合せる方法などがあり、何れの方法も利用することが可能である。ここでいう一般的な粉砕機の例としては、石臼、ハンマーミル、ピンミル、ジェットミルなどが挙げられ、これらから目的に応じて適宜選択し、また必要であればこれらを組合せて利用することができる。
精麦工程での精麦処理は、精麦歩留りとして98%以下になるように実施する必要があり、これより精麦歩留りが多いと精麦後の小麦粒の外皮部の残存量が多くなり、本発明の優れた二次加工性を発揮する効果が不十分となるほか、不快な味・香りを強く感じるようになる。また過度の精麦処理は製品である小麦粉の最終的な歩留りを低下させてしまうため、産業上実用的な範囲としては、精麦歩留りとして85%以上98%以下、好ましくは90%以上98%以下の精麦処理とするのが望ましい。
【0018】
本発明により得られる小麦粉は、二次加工食品を製造する際の二次加工性に優れた特徴を有することにより市場価値が高く、従来の小麦粉よりも高品質である。また本発明の小麦粉を用いることで、二次加工食品を製造する際の二次加工性が改善され、生産性を向上させる効果が期待できる。また、二次加工食品においては、容積、食感などの品質が良好となる。勿論のこと、本発明により得られる小麦粉は、従来の小麦粉を使用する場合と同様の手段により、二次加工食品を製造することが可能であり、何ら制約を受けることはない。さらに、これらの特徴は、小麦粉調製品の形態を介しても得ることが可能である。
本発明の小麦粉調製品とは、小麦粉のほかに、糖類、塩、澱粉類、乳化剤、酵素剤、などの副資材を必要に応じて配合したものであり、具体的にはベーカリーミックス、菓子ミックス、天ぷら粉、から揚げ粉、お好み焼き粉、たこ焼き粉、などの小麦粉ミックス製品を示す。
【0019】
本発明の二次加工食品として、小麦粉を利用した加工食品であり、具体的には、各種のベーカリー製品、菓子、うどん、中華麺、パスタ、お好み焼き、たこ焼き、などが例示される。
なお、本発明の小麦粉は、特に二次加工食品がベーカリー製品である場合にその効果が顕著である。
【0020】
【作用】
小麦全粒の外皮部を効率的に除去するべく、精麦工程を精麦歩留りで管理することで、新たな品質的価値を小麦粉に付与することを可能とした。あらかじめ小麦全粒を最外部から精麦歩留り98ないし85%となるように精麦した後で、すなわち小麦全粒の最外部から2ないし15重量%を除去した後、得られる小麦粒を製粉することで、二次加工食品を製造する際の二次加工性に優れた特徴を有する高品質の小麦粉が得られる。該小麦粉を用いた二次加工食品を製造する際には、二次加工性に優れた特徴を有する小麦粉である。
【0021】
【実施例】
以下に実施例を示し発明を詳細に説明する。尚、本発明は以下の実施例により何ら限定をされない。
【0022】
実施例1
カナダ産強力春小麦を予め水分量が16重量%となるように調質を行い、さらに精麦前に小麦粒表面に1重量%(対調質後小麦)の加水を行った。次いで、精麦機VCW2A(株式会社サタケ製)を用いて最外部から重量で歩留り98%となるように精麦した後、ブレーキング・グレーディング・ピュリフィケーション・リダクションの工程を有する製粉工程で粉砕処理し、小麦粉を得た。小麦粉の歩留り(対調質後小麦)は78.4%であった。
この小麦粉について、ファリノグラフ(ブラベンダー製)により生地物性特性を評価した。結果を表1に示す。
【0023】
実施例2
最外部から重量で歩留り95%となるように精麦した以外は、実施例1と同様の工程にて、小麦粉を得た。小麦粉の歩留り(対調質後小麦)は78.3%であった。この小麦粉を用いて、実施例1と同様に評価を行った。
【0024】
実施例3
最外部から重量で歩留り90%となるように精麦した以外は、実施例1と同様の工程にて、小麦粉を得た。小麦粉の歩留り(対調質後小麦)は78.5%であった。この小麦粉を用いて、実施例1と同様に評価を行った。
【0025】
比較例1
カナダ産強力春小麦を予め水分量が16重量%となるように調質を行った後、精麦処理することなく、実施例1と同様の製粉工程により粉砕処理し、小麦粉を得た。小麦粉の歩留り(対調質後小麦)は78.7%であった。この小麦粉を用いて、実施例1と同様に評価を行った。
【0026】
比較例2
最外部から重量で歩留り99%となるように精麦した以外は、実施例1と同様の工程にて、小麦粉を得た。小麦粉の歩留り(対調質後小麦)は78.5%であった。この小麦粉を用いて、実施例1と同様に評価を行った。
【0027】
【表1】

Figure 0004351481
【0028】
一般に、パン用小麦粉のファリノグラフの結果においては、W.A.、D.T.、Stab.、V.V.の値が大きく、Weak.の値が小さい方が良い小麦粉とされている。
上記の通り、小麦全粒を最外部から精麦歩留り85%以上98%以下となるように精麦した後で、製粉して得られる小麦粉は、W.A.、D.T.、Stab.の値が大きく、Weak.の値が小さくなっており、生地物性が良好であることがわかった。
【0029】
実施例4
実施例1で得られた小麦粉を用いて、以下の配合および工程により山型食パンを製造し、二次加工性を評価基準に従い評価した。またパンの容積と食味についても評価を行った。結果を表2に示す。
【0030】
<配合>
小麦粉 100 重量部
イースト 2
イーストフード 0.1
食塩 2
グラニュー糖 4
ショートニング 2
水 70
<工程>
ミキシング ショートニング以外の材料を投入し、低速3分、中速2分混捏後、ショートニングを投入し低速1分、中速2分混捏した。
捏上温度 28℃
フロアタイム 90分
分割 220g
成型、型詰め モルダーでロール成型後、U字詰め
ホイロ 38℃、相対湿度85%、60分
焼成 215℃、30分
【0031】
実施例5
実施例2で得られた小麦粉を用いて、実施例4と同様に山型食パンを製造し、評価した。
実施例6
実施例3で得られた小麦粉を用いて、実施例4と同様に山型食パンを製造し、評価した。
【0032】
実施例7
最外部から重量で歩留り85%となるように精麦した以外は、実施例1と同様の工程にて、小麦粉を得た。小麦粉の歩留り(対調質後小麦)は78.0%であった。この小麦粉を用いて、実施例4と同様に山型食パンを製造し、評価した。
【0033】
実施例8
実施例3で得られた小麦粉を用いて、下記配合のベーカリーミックスを調製した。このベーカリーミックスを使用して下記工程により山型食パンを製造し、実施例4と同様に評価した。
〇ベーカリーミックス
<配合>
小麦粉 84.9%
ショートニング 5
砂糖 6
食塩 2
脱脂粉乳 2
イーストフード 0.1
合計 100
<工程>
カッターミキサーを利用して、上記材料を均一に混合し、ベーカリーミックスを製造した。
【0034】
〇山型食パン
<配合>
ベーカリーミックス 100重量部
イースト 2
水 68
<工程>
ミキシング 低速3分、中速4分
捏上温度 28℃
フロアタイム 90分
分割 220g
成型、型詰め モルダーでロール成型後、U字詰め
ホイロ 38℃、相対湿度85%、60分
焼成 215℃、30分
【0035】
実施例9
実施例1と同様に最外部から重量で歩留り98%となるように精麦した後、粉砕機としてピンミルを用いた粉砕処理と篩い分けを行ない、小麦粉を得た。小麦粉の歩留り(対調質後小麦)は82.9%であった。この小麦粉を用いて、実施例4と同様に山型食パンを製造し、評価した。
【0036】
比較例3
比較例1で得られた小麦粉を用いて、実施例4と同様に山型食パンを製造し、評価した。
比較例4
比較例2で得られた小麦粉を用いて、実施例4と同様に山型食パンを製造し、評価した。
【0037】
比較例5
比較例1で得られた小麦粉を用いて、実施例8と同様にベーカリーミックスを調製した。このベーカリーミックスを使用して実施例8と同様に山型食パンを製造し、評価した。
【0038】
比較例6
カナダ産強力春小麦を予め水分量が16重量%となるように調質を行った後、精麦処理することなく、実施例9と同様に粉砕機としてピンミルを用いた粉砕処理と篩い分けを行ない、小麦粉を得た。小麦粉の歩留り(対調質後小麦)は82.3%であった。この小麦粉を用いて、実施例4と同様に山型食パンを製造し、評価した。
【0039】
【表2】
Figure 0004351481
【0040】
<評価基準>
▲1▼混捏状態
水切れ状態:粉に水が吸収され、全体が塊としてまとまり、ミキサー壁やアームへの付着がなくなる状態を評価した。
◎ 非常に良い
○ 良い
△ 正常
× 悪い
伸弾性:生地の強さを評価した。
◎ 生地の伸展と抵抗(弾性)のバランスが非常に良い
○ 生地の伸展と抵抗(弾性)のバランスが良好である
△ 正常
× 生地が弱く伸弾性が悪い
組織:混捏後の生地の薄膜の状態を評価した。
◎ 極めて均一で切れにくく、非常に良い
○ 均一で切れにくく、良い
△ 正常
× ムラがあり不均一で切れやすく、悪い
混捏耐性:混捏時における耐性を評価した。
◎ 非常に耐性が強い
○ 耐性があり良好
△ 正常
× 耐性がなく悪い
▲2▼機械耐性
生地伸弾性:生地の強さを評価した。
◎ 生地の伸展と抵抗(弾性)のバランスが非常に良い
○ 生地の伸展と抵抗(弾性)のバランスが良好である
△ 正常
× 生地が弱く伸弾性が悪い
結水状態:生地表面のべたつき、丸めまたは成型の二次加工性を評価した。
◎ 生地表面のべたつきがなく、作業性が非常に良い
○ 生地表面のべたつきが弱く、作業性が良い
△ 正常
× 生地表面のべたつきがあり、粘着性をしめして、作業性が悪い
▲3▼食味の評価 (10名の専門パネラーによる評価)
不快な風味の有無
+ :感じられない (良好)
± :わずかに感じられる ↓
− :感じられる (悪い)
食味の総合評価:食感を主体に評価を行った。
++:非常にソフトで口溶けも良好で、非常に好ましい (良好)
+ :ソフトで口溶けも良好で、好ましい ↓
± :標準的な品質である ↓
− :ぼそついて、口溶け劣り、品質劣る ↓
−−:ぼそついて、口溶け悪く、品質悪い (悪い)
【0041】
上記の通り、小麦全粒を最外部から精麦歩留り85%以上98%以下となるように精麦した後で、製粉して得られる小麦粉を用いることにより、混捏状態および機械耐性などの二次加工性が改善されるほか、出来上がったパンは、容積が大きく食味良好で高品質なものであった。実施例8に示す通り、本発明の小麦粉はミックス形態でも同様に二次加工性の改善効果がある。また実施例9に示す通り、製粉方法は任意に選択できることが確認された。
【0042】
【発明の効果】
本発明により、従来の多段階のロール粉砕による製粉方法では得られない二次加工性に優れた特徴を有する小麦粉を提供すること、およびその小麦粉を使用した小麦粉調製品、二次加工食品を提供することができる。[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a novel wheat flour having characteristics excellent in secondary processability when producing a secondary processed food, a flour preparation using the same, and a secondary processed food.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In conventional wheat milling, without removing the outer skin part (outer skin and seed coat) in advance, grinding is performed, and the endosperm and the outer skin part are separated in a multi-step process combining grinding and sieving. Manufacture. That is, in the wheat milling process, the wheat grains are shown in the initial stage of grinding and the endosperm is taken out in a coarse particle state, the outer skin part and the endosperm are separated, and then the coarse particle endosperm is finely crushed. The process is roughly divided into processes for obtaining fine particles called ascending powder, and these processes are further divided into multiple stages. Then, the ascending flour obtained from each of the subdivided steps is grouped in consideration of factors such as the amount of ash, the amount of protein and its quality, and the secondary processability, thereby obtaining a product flour.
[0003]
In general, the quality of flour is ranked in order from the one with the lowest ash content to special flour, 1st flour, 2nd flour, etc. As the grade becomes lower, the contamination of the outer skin increases and the color of the flour becomes darker Since the secondary processability during the secondary processing is reduced, the quality of the flour is reduced. Further, for example, the quality of the secondary processed food of flour represented by bread and udon is influenced by the quality of the flour to be used. Therefore, higher grade flour with less contamination of the outer skin has been considered to have higher market value.
[0004]
Attempts have been made to improve bread-making suitability by devising a milling method (Patent Documents 1 to 3), but the product has not yet been put on the market.
[0005]
As a means to improve the quality of flour instead of conventional milling methods, the yield of high-quality flour with low ash content can be obtained by peeling off the whole skin of the wheat grains (outer skin, seed coat and aleurone layer) and separating it from endosperm. Various methods for improvement have been studied (Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 4-7). However, any of these methods is aimed at improving the yield of flour with a small amount of ash, which is the quality standard of conventional flour, and an effect of remarkably improving the secondary processability could not be found.
[0006]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent No. 3180934 [Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent No. 3180929 [Patent Document 3]
JP 2000-33276 A [Patent Document 4]
JP 62-87250 A [Patent Document 5]
JP-A-63-119856 [Patent Document 6]
JP 63-143948 A [Patent Document 7]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-313955
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As described above, the conventional technique aims to improve the quality of wheat flour by reducing the contamination of the epidermis and reducing the amount of ash, and it has not been possible to give a new quality value to the wheat flour.
The present invention provides a flour having characteristics excellent in secondary processability that cannot be obtained by the conventional milling method by multi-stage roll crushing, and provides a flour preparation and a secondary processed food using the flour It is a technical subject to do.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have found that in order to give a new quality value to wheat flour, a method for removing the outer skin and seed coat of the skin part of the wheat grain is important, and the present invention has been completed.
That is, as a result of intensive studies, the inventors have found that it is important to remove the outer skin and seed coat from the epidermis, and it is found that there is little need to control the ash content. By removing 2 to 15% by weight from the outermost part, it was found that flour having characteristics excellent in secondary processability when producing a secondary processed food was obtained, and the present invention was completed.
[0009]
In the prior art, barley processing has been attempted for the purpose of removing the outer skin and the Aleurone layer, but no new quality value has been found for flour. In general, it is difficult to completely peel and remove only the skin part of the whole wheat grain by the wheat processing. In addition, wheat grains that have been treated with wheat are different in degree of wheat for each grain, and the remaining amount of the epidermis also varies. Therefore, in order to sufficiently obtain the effect of reducing the amount of ash, excessive wheat treatment is performed. There is a problem that it is necessary to reduce the yield of the final product flour.
[0010]
The present inventors have intensively studied for the purpose of efficiently removing the outer skin part of the whole wheat, and manage it by a process of performing a wheat polishing process for removing 2 to 15% by weight from the outermost part of the whole wheat grain. This made it possible to add new quality value to the flour.
That is, after removing 2 to 15% by weight from the outermost part of the whole wheat grain in advance, flour having characteristics excellent in secondary processability when producing a secondary processed food can be obtained by milling I found. More specifically, it is important to remove a part of the outer skin of the whole wheat grain, to incorporate the Aleurone layer into the flour side, and the amount to be removed is 2% by weight or more from the outermost part of the whole wheat grain. Certainly, it is characterized by excellent secondary processability when producing a secondary processed food by managing it by a process of performing barley processing that removes 2 to 15% by weight from the outermost part of the whole wheat grain. It was found that flour with
By using the wheat flour of the present invention, secondary processability when producing a secondary processed food is improved, and an effect of improving productivity can be expected. In addition, the quality of the secondary processed food is good, and there is an effect of increasing the commercial value.
[0011]
That is, the present invention provides a flour obtained by milling wheat grains that have been subjected to the milling process so that the yield of the milled wheat exceeds 98%. The gist is a method of improving compared with the case of using .
(1) Improved secondary processability consisting of chaos and mechanical resistance in the production process of bakery products, compared to the case of using flour obtained by milling wheat grains processed so that the yield of wheat flour exceeds 98%. Using wheat flour milled with wheat grains having an aleurone layer as an outermost inner or outermost layer obtained by a wheat polishing process that removes 2 to 15% by weight from the outermost portion of the whole wheat grain as a raw material A method characterized by .
[0014]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the present invention, a subject to be polished is called “wheat whole grain”. Therefore, the wheat flour of the present invention uses the wheat grains obtained by removing the outermost part from the whole wheat grains. Wheat grain with the Aleurone layer removed from the outermost part of the outer skin, part of the outer skin composed of the outer skin, seed coat, and the Aleuron layer from the whole wheat grain, and the outermost inside of the whole wheat grain. It is obtained by performing a barley treatment that removes 2 to 15% by weight. According to Shigehisa Shibata and Toshiaki Nakae, “Knowledge of Flour Products” (Shoshobo), whole wheat (weight ratio (%) 100, ash (%) 1.8) is the outer skin (4, 5.0), seed coat (2.5, 8.0), and an epidermis part composed of an aleurone layer (6.5, 11.0), an endosperm (85, 0.7), and an embryo (2, 4.5). Flour using raw wheat grains with the Aleuron layer as the outermost innermost or substantially outermost as the raw wheat grain includes a step of performing a barley treatment to remove 2 to 15% by weight from the outermost whole wheat grains Is obtained. The process of performing the wheat polishing process that removes 2 to 15% by weight from the outermost part of the whole wheat grain refers specifically to the wheat polishing process in which the wheat yield is controlled to be 98 to 85%.
[0015]
By the milling method including the process of milling, that is, the process of performing the milling process so that the yield of the milled wheat becomes 98 to 85%, the outer skin of the whole wheat grains can be efficiently removed and cannot be obtained by the conventional milling process. High-quality wheat flour having characteristics excellent in secondary processability when producing a secondary processed food can be obtained.
[0016]
The wheat flour of the present invention is a wheat grain obtained by treating whole wheat grains by the milling process and milling process, and by treating the wheat grains so that the yield of the wheat grains is 98 to 85% in the milling process, that is, the final wheat grains. It is a high-quality wheat flour having characteristics excellent in secondary processability when producing a secondary processed food by milling wheat grains from which 2 to 15% by weight have been removed from the outside as raw material wheat grains. Therefore, the wheat polishing process is not particularly defined as long as the wheat grains can be refined to 98 to 85%, and the milling process can be carried out without any limitation as long as the wheat grains processed by the wheat flour can be pulverized. It is.
[0017]
As a specific method for obtaining the flour of the present invention, for example, a method using a milling system having both a mashing process and a roll pulverization process such as Satake's Peritech system, a mashing process using a masher and a conventional process There are a method in which a milling process using a multi-stage roll is used in combination, a method in which a wheat polishing process by a wheat mill and a grinding process by a general grinding machine are combined, and any of these methods can be used. Examples of typical pulverizers here include a stone mill, a hammer mill, a pin mill, a jet mill, and the like, which are appropriately selected according to the purpose and can be used in combination if necessary. it can.
The barley processing in the barley process needs to be carried out so that the barley yield is 98% or less. If the barley yield is higher than this, the residual amount of the outer skin of the wheat grains after the barley increases, and the present invention is excellent. In addition, the effect of exerting secondary processability becomes insufficient, and an unpleasant taste and aroma are strongly felt. Moreover, since excessive wheat processing reduces the final yield of the flour that is the product, the industrially practical range is 85% to 98%, preferably 90% to 98% as the wheat polishing yield. It is desirable to use a barley processing.
[0018]
The wheat flour obtained by the present invention has a high market value due to the characteristics excellent in secondary processability when producing a secondary processed food, and is higher in quality than conventional wheat flour. Moreover, by using the flour of the present invention, the secondary processability when producing a secondary processed food is improved, and the effect of improving the productivity can be expected. Moreover, in secondary processed food, quality, such as a volume and a food texture, becomes favorable. Of course, the flour obtained by the present invention can produce a secondary processed food by the same means as in the case of using conventional flour, and is not subject to any restrictions. Furthermore, these features can also be obtained through the form of a flour preparation.
The wheat flour preparation of the present invention is a mixture of auxiliary materials such as sugars, salts, starches, emulsifiers, enzyme agents, etc., as necessary, in addition to wheat flour, specifically bakery mix, confectionery mix , Tempura flour, fried flour, okonomiyaki flour, takoyaki flour, and other flour mix products.
[0019]
The secondary processed food of the present invention is a processed food using wheat flour, and specific examples include various bakery products, confectionery, udon, Chinese noodles, pasta, okonomiyaki, takoyaki, and the like.
In addition, the effect of the flour of the present invention is remarkable particularly when the secondary processed food is a bakery product.
[0020]
[Action]
In order to efficiently remove the outer skin of the whole wheat grains, it was possible to add a new quality value to the flour by managing the wheat polishing process with the wheat yield. By milling the whole wheat from the outermost portion in advance so that the yield of the wheat flour becomes 98 to 85%, that is, after removing 2 to 15% by weight from the outermost portion of the whole wheat, the resulting wheat grain is milled High-quality wheat flour having characteristics excellent in secondary processability when producing a secondary processed food can be obtained. When producing a secondary processed food using the wheat flour, the wheat flour has characteristics excellent in secondary processability.
[0021]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples. In addition, this invention is not limited at all by the following examples.
[0022]
Example 1
Canadian spring wheat was tempered in advance so that the water content was 16% by weight, and further 1% by weight (vs. tempered wheat) was added to the surface of the wheat grain before the milled wheat. Next, after milling so that the yield is 98% by weight from the outside using a wheat mill VCW2A (manufactured by Satake Co., Ltd.), it is pulverized in a milling process having braking, grading, purification, and reduction processes. Got the flour. The yield of wheat flour (vs. wheat after tempering) was 78.4%.
About this flour, the physical property characteristic of the dough was evaluated by a farinograph (manufactured by Brabender). The results are shown in Table 1.
[0023]
Example 2
Wheat flour was obtained in the same process as in Example 1 except that the wheat was refined so that the yield was 95% by weight from the outermost part. The yield of wheat flour (vs. wheat after tempering) was 78.3%. Evaluation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 using this flour.
[0024]
Example 3
Wheat flour was obtained in the same process as in Example 1 except that the wheat was refined so that the yield was 90% by weight from the outermost part. The yield of wheat flour (vs. wheat after tempering) was 78.5%. Evaluation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 using this flour.
[0025]
Comparative Example 1
Canadian strong spring wheat was tempered in advance so that the water content was 16% by weight, and then pulverized by the same milling process as in Example 1 without pulverizing the wheat to obtain flour. The yield of wheat flour (vs. wheat after tempering) was 78.7%. Evaluation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 using this flour.
[0026]
Comparative Example 2
Wheat flour was obtained in the same process as in Example 1 except that the wheat was refined so that the yield was 99% by weight from the outermost part. The yield of wheat flour (vs. wheat after tempering) was 78.5%. Evaluation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 using this flour.
[0027]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004351481
[0028]
In general, in the results of farinographs of bread flour, WA, DT, Stab., VV values are larger, and the value of Weak. Is smaller.
As described above, the flour obtained by milling the whole wheat grains from the outermost portion so that the yield of the wheat grains is 85% or more and 98% or less, and the flour obtained by milling has a large value of WA, DT, Stab. It was found that the value was small and the physical properties of the dough were good.
[0029]
Example 4
Using the wheat flour obtained in Example 1, mountain bread was produced by the following composition and process, and the secondary processability was evaluated according to the evaluation criteria. The bread volume and taste were also evaluated. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0030]
<Combination>
Flour 100 parts by weight yeast 2
East Food 0.1
Salt 2
Granulated sugar 4
Shortening 2
Water 70
<Process>
Mixing Materials other than shortening were added, and after mixing for 3 minutes at low speed and 2 minutes at medium speed, shortening was applied and mixed at low speed for 1 minute and 2 minutes at medium speed.
Soaking temperature 28 ℃
Floor time 90 minutes divided 220g
Molding, mold filling After roll molding with molder, U filling stuffer 38 ℃, relative humidity 85%, 60 minutes firing 215 ℃, 30 minutes 【0031】
Example 5
Using the wheat flour obtained in Example 2, a mountain bread was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 4.
Example 6
Using the wheat flour obtained in Example 3, a mountain bread was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 4.
[0032]
Example 7
Wheat flour was obtained in the same process as in Example 1 except that it was refined from the outermost portion so that the yield was 85% by weight. Yield of wheat flour (vs. wheat after tempering) was 78.0%. Using this flour, a mountain bread was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 4.
[0033]
Example 8
Using the wheat flour obtained in Example 3, a bakery mix having the following composition was prepared. Using this bakery mix, a mountain-shaped bread was produced by the following steps and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 4.
* Bakery mix
Wheat flour 84.9%
Shortening 5
Sugar 6
Salt 2
Nonfat dry milk 2
East Food 0.1
Total 100
<Process>
Using the cutter mixer, the said material was mixed uniformly and the bakery mix was manufactured.
[0034]
* Mountain type bread <Combination>
Bakery mix 100 parts by weight yeast 2
Water 68
<Process>
Mixing Low speed 3 minutes, Medium speed 4 minutes Upward temperature 28 ℃
Floor time 90 minutes divided 220g
Molding, mold filling After roll molding with molder, U filling stuffer 38 ° C, relative humidity 85%, 60 minutes firing 215 ° C, 30 minutes [0035]
Example 9
In the same manner as in Example 1, after mashing the wheat so that the yield was 98% by weight from the outermost part, pulverization using a pin mill as a pulverizer and sieving were performed to obtain wheat flour. Yield of wheat flour (vs. wheat after tempering) was 82.9%. Using this flour, a mountain bread was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 4.
[0036]
Comparative Example 3
Using the flour obtained in Comparative Example 1, a mountain bread was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 4.
Comparative Example 4
Using the wheat flour obtained in Comparative Example 2, a mountain bread was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 4.
[0037]
Comparative Example 5
A bakery mix was prepared in the same manner as in Example 8 using the flour obtained in Comparative Example 1. Using this bakery mix, a mountain bread was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 8.
[0038]
Comparative Example 6
After tempering the Canadian strong spring wheat so that the water content is 16% by weight in advance, without milling, pulverization using a pin mill as a pulverizer and sieving as in Example 9, Obtained flour. The yield of wheat flour (vs. wheat after tempering) was 82.3%. Using this flour, a mountain bread was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 4.
[0039]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004351481
[0040]
<Evaluation criteria>
(1) Chaotic state Water outage state: Water was absorbed by the powder, the whole was collected as a lump, and the state where adhesion to the mixer wall and arm disappeared was evaluated.
◎ Very good ○ Good △ Normal × Bad stretch elasticity: The strength of the fabric was evaluated.
◎ The balance between fabric extension and resistance (elasticity) is very good. ○ The balance between fabric extension and resistance (elasticity) is good. △ Normal × The fabric is weak and the stretch elasticity is poor. Evaluated.
◎ Extremely uniform, hard to cut, very good ○ Uniform, hard to cut, good △ Normal × Uneven, uneven and easy to cut, bad chaos resistance: Resistance during chaos was evaluated.
◎ Extremely strong ○ Good and good △ Normal × Not good and bad ▲ 2 ▼ Mechanical resistance Fabric elasticity: The strength of the fabric was evaluated.
◎ The balance between fabric extension and resistance (elasticity) is very good. ○ The balance between fabric extension and resistance (elasticity) is good. △ Normal × The fabric is weak and has poor elasticity. Alternatively, the secondary workability of molding was evaluated.
◎ There is no stickiness on the surface of the dough and workability is very good. ○ Stickiness on the surface of the dough is weak and workability is good. Evaluation (Evaluation by 10 expert panelists)
Presence / absence of unpleasant flavor +: Not felt
±: Slightly felt ↓
−: Felt (bad)
Overall evaluation of taste: Evaluation was made mainly on the texture.
++: very soft, good melt in mouth, very favorable (good)
+: Soft, good melt in mouth, preferable ↓
±: Standard quality ↓
−: It ’s not good enough to melt in the mouth and poor in quality. ↓
---: Discomfort, poor melting, poor quality (bad)
[0041]
As described above, by using the flour obtained by milling the whole wheat grains from the outermost portion so that the yield of the polished wheat is 85% or more and 98% or less, secondary processing properties such as chaos and mechanical resistance are used. In addition to the improvement, the finished bread had a large volume, good taste and high quality. As shown in Example 8, the flour of the present invention also has an effect of improving secondary processability in a mixed form. Moreover, as shown in Example 9, it was confirmed that the milling method can be arbitrarily selected.
[0042]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, it is possible to provide flour having characteristics excellent in secondary processability that cannot be obtained by a conventional multistage roll milling method, and to provide a flour preparation and a secondary processed food using the flour. can do.

Claims (1)

ベーカリー製品の生産工程における混捏状態および機械耐性からなる二次加工性を、精麦歩留まりが98%を越えるように精麦処理した小麦粒を製粉した小麦粉を用いた場合と比較して、向上させる方法であって、原料として小麦全粒の最外部から2ないし15重量%を除去する精麦処理により得られたアリューロン層を最外部の内側もしくは最外部とする小麦粒を製粉した小麦粉用いることを特徴とする方法。In a method to improve the secondary processability consisting of chaos and mechanical resistance in the production process of bakery products, compared with the case of using flour milled wheat grains processed so that the yield of wheat flour exceeds 98% It is characterized by using flour obtained by milling wheat grains having an aleurone layer as an outermost inner or outermost layer obtained by a wheat polishing process that removes 2 to 15% by weight from the outermost part of the whole wheat grain as a raw material. how to.
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