JP4346429B2 - Air conditioner for vehicles - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a vehicle air conditioner that is mounted on a vehicle such as a railway vehicle and includes a cooling device that cools the air in the vehicle of the vehicle and a ventilation device that ventilates the air in the vehicle of the vehicle. The present invention relates to a vehicle air conditioner with an improved air supply / exhaust function.

  Conventionally, for example, in a railway vehicle such as a Shinkansen, it is required to lower the center of gravity and reduce the weight of the vehicle as the train speeds up. Therefore, a cooling device that cools the air inside the vehicle and ventilation for the air inside the vehicle A vehicle air conditioner including a ventilation device that performs the above is disposed under the floor of each vehicle (see Patent Document 1).

  In general, the cooling capacity required for the cooling device in a high-speed railway vehicle such as a Shinkansen is determined by calculating the total load of passenger load (passenger number), solar radiation load, equipment heat generation load, ventilation load, and heat transfer load.

High-speed rail vehicles such as the Shinkansen are required to have high airtightness. Therefore, in summer, etc., the air inside the vehicle is cooled by a cooling device, and the air inside the vehicle is sufficiently ventilated with air outside the vehicle by a ventilation device. There is a need. The ventilation capacity required by this ventilator is calculated by multiplying the amount of carbon dioxide CO ₂ discharged by one passenger by the number of passengers (capacity or 150% riding capacity) and the carbon dioxide CO ₂ concentration in the vehicle. The

  The total required power of the vehicle air conditioner including the cooling device and the ventilation device is a power obtained by adding the required power of the cooling device and the required power of the ventilation device.

  A plurality of refrigerators of 2 to 3 are incorporated in the cooling device, and the number of refrigerators to be operated is selected according to the vehicle interior temperature. Further, the operation speed of each refrigerator is controlled according to the vehicle interior temperature. That is, the actual power consumption of the cooling device changes according to the in-vehicle temperature. On the other hand, since the ventilator is operated at a rated operation assuming that a constant capacity or 150% of passengers are always on the vehicle, the actual power consumption of the ventilator is always a constant value.

On average, in summer, the required power of the cooling device occupies about 60% of the total required power of the vehicle air conditioner.
Japanese Patent No. 3190824

  However, the above-described vehicle air conditioner still has the following problems to be improved.

  That is, as described above, the ventilator is always operated at a rated speed assuming that the vehicle has a fixed capacity or 150% of passengers on the vehicle. Therefore, when there are few passengers, it ventilates more than necessary. In summer, a large amount of air that has flowed into the vehicle from outside the vehicle due to ventilation is hot, and thus it is necessary to cool this large amount of high-temperature air with the cooling device, which increases the power consumption of the cooling device.

  In addition, when the temperature outside the vehicle suddenly rises or when the number of passengers rapidly increases, etc., it tries to carry out rapid cooling, but since a large amount of hot air flows into the vehicle from outside the vehicle at all times by ventilation, The effect of rapid cooling is difficult to appear.

  Furthermore, it is necessary to prevent the pressure fluctuation of, for example, about 9080 Pa, which occurs due to passing the oncoming train in the tunnel, from entering the vehicle via the air supply / exhaust duct of the ventilator. Therefore, in order to ensure ventilation, the ventilator is equipped with a blower with a static pressure performance larger than the pressure fluctuation value of about 9080 Pa, for example, so that a constant ventilation amount can be obtained even if there is a pressure fluctuation inside and outside the vehicle. However, there is a problem that a large-capacity blower is required and the ventilation device is enlarged.

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and by adding a simple member to the ventilation device, the ventilation amount in the ventilation device can be controlled, and the ventilation amount according to the outside temperature, the inside temperature, and the boarding rate. Can be secured, the cooling device can be operated efficiently, the power consumption of the cooling device can be reduced, the total power consumption of the ventilation device and the cooling device can be suppressed, and the required capacity of the blower of the ventilation device can be reduced. An object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle air conditioner.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a vehicle air conditioning system comprising a cooling device and ventilation device to ventilate for car air in the vehicle to cool the cabin air is mounted the vehicle on a vehicle, a ventilation controller for controlling the ventilation with respect to the vehicle in one flow path at least one of the air intake passage and the exhaust passage that opens to the outside of the vehicle in the ventilator, the load for detecting a load applied to the vehicle A sensor, a load increase rate calculating means for calculating a load increase rate with respect to time passage of the load detected by the load sensor, and when the load increase rate calculated by the load increase rate calculating means exceeds a reference value, Cooling promotion means for closing or narrowing the flow path for a predetermined time with respect to the ventilation amount controller .

  In the air conditioning apparatus for a vehicle according to the present invention, a ventilation amount controller for controlling the ventilation amount is provided in a supply / exhaust flow path that communicates the inside of the vehicle with the outside of the vehicle. Therefore, the ventilation amount in the ventilation device can be controlled, the ventilation amount according to the outside temperature, the in-vehicle temperature, and the boarding rate can be secured, the cooling device can be operated efficiently, and the power consumption of the cooling device is reduced, so that the ventilation device Power consumption between the air conditioner and the cooling device can be suppressed, and the required capacity of the fan of the ventilation device can be reduced.

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a high-speed railway vehicle 1 and a vehicle air conditioner 5 incorporated under the floor of the vehicle 1.
The vehicle air conditioner 5 may include a cooling device 5a that cools the air in the vehicle interior 2 of the vehicle 1 and a ventilator 5b that ventilates the air in the vehicle 2 of the vehicle 1. The ventilation device 5b includes the air blowing function and the heat exchange function of the cooling device 5a.

  Circulating air RA in the interior 2 of the vehicle 1 is collected from the opening 4a of the circulation duct 4 of the vehicle body, passes through the duct 4 of the vehicle body from the discharge port 4c of the circulation duct 4, and is supplied to the ventilation device 5b incorporated under the floor of the vehicle 1. It enters the air circulation chamber 7 from the wind intake portion 6 on the upper surface.

  Further, the fresh air FA for ventilation is supplied from an air supply port 17a provided on the side surface of the ventilation device 5b as an electric blower through a damper 17b as a ventilation amount controller provided in the air supply duct 17 and a filter 17c. The air blower 10 is entered. The fresh air FA output from the air supply blower 10 enters the air circulator chamber 7 through the duct in the ventilator 5b, is mixed with the circulating air RA therein, and passes through the filter 8a to the indoor heat exchanger of the cooling device 5a. 8 is cooled.

  The mixed gas of fresh air FA and circulating air RA cooled by the indoor heat exchanger 8 cools the electric motor 14 and enters the indoor fans 11 and 12, and enters the duct of the vehicle body from the indoor fans 11 and 12. Then, the air is blown to the circulation duct 3 provided in the upper part of the vehicle 1 through the duct of the vehicle body, and supplied to the room 2 of the vehicle 1 through the opening 3 a provided in the circulation duct 3.

  On the other hand, the exhaust air EA in the room 2 of the vehicle 1 is collected from the opening 4a of the circulation duct 4 and passes through the duct of the vehicle body from the discharge port 4b of the circulation duct 4 to the ventilator 5b incorporated under the floor of the vehicle 1. It enters into the air intake section 18 on the upper surface and is exhausted from the indoor fan 13 to the outside through the exhaust duct 19 and the exhaust port 19a.

  The cooling device 5a constituting the other of the vehicle air conditioner 5 includes three refrigerators 20a, 20b, and 20c, outdoor fans 21a and 21b, outdoor heat exchangers 22a and 22b, and the ventilator described above. It is comprised with the indoor heat exchanger 8 installed in 5b.

Further, the vehicle 1 includes a load sensor 23 that detects a load (personnel load) L applied to the vehicle 1, an in-vehicle temperature sensor 24 that detects an in-vehicle temperature T _IN of the vehicle 1, and an out-of-vehicle temperature T of the vehicle 1. An outside temperature sensor 25 for detecting _OU is provided. Furthermore, an oncoming vehicle detection sensor 26 in the tunnel for detecting an oncoming vehicle in the tunnel using a laser beam is attached to the head vehicle 1.

  FIG. 2A is a diagram illustrating an operation principle of the damper 17 b as a ventilation amount controller provided in the air supply duct 17. As shown in the figure, the flow rate of the air flowing through the air supply duct 17 can be adjusted by changing the angle θ (opening) of the damper 17b. Note that the air flowing through the air supply duct 17 can be blocked by setting the angle θ of the damper 17b to 90 °.

In addition, it is also possible to provide the constant flow valve 17d shown in FIG.2 (b) as a ventilation volume controller provided in the air supply duct 17. FIG. This constant flow valve 17d can supply fresh air FA having a flow rate designated from the outside even if the pressure difference (P ₁ -P ₂ ) between the pressure P ₁ outside the vehicle and the pressure P ₂ inside the vehicle fluctuates. It has a function of flowing through the air supply duct 17.

  FIG. 3 is a power supply system diagram of the vehicle 1. The electric power supplied from the overhead line 27 through the pantograph 27a is supplied to the main motor 28 and the auxiliary power supply unit 29 as the vehicle traveling main drive device. Furthermore, electric power is supplied from the auxiliary power supply unit 29 to the cooling device 5a, the ventilation device 5b, the ventilation amount adjustment device 5c, and various auxiliary devices such as the lamp 30 and the vending machine 31 incorporated in the vehicle air conditioner 5. Is done.

For example, the ventilation amount adjusting device 5c configured by a computer is configured as shown in FIG. The arithmetic control unit 32 controls the opening degree of the damper 17 b via the damper driving unit 36. Further, for the calculation control unit 32, the weight sensor 23 applies weight L, the vehicle outside temperature sensor 25 uses vehicle outside temperature T _OU , the tunnel oncoming vehicle detection sensor 26 uses oncoming vehicle detection information, and the auxiliary power supply unit 29 has a power load. The power load amount W is input from the auxiliary power load amount detection unit 33 that detects the above, and the vehicle interior temperature T _IN is input from the vehicle interior temperature sensor 25.

Each of these values (weight L, vehicle outside temperature T _OU , power load amount W, vehicle interior temperature T _IN ) is input at a constant cycle such as an interval of 3 minutes.

  Further, the operation state of the cooling device 5 a is input from the cooling device operation monitoring unit 34 to the arithmetic control unit 32, and the operation state of the ventilation device 5 b is input from the ventilation device operation monitoring unit 34. In addition, the arithmetic control unit 32 sends operation instructions for the refrigerators 20a to 20b to the cooling device 5a.

  In the state where the cooling device 5a and the ventilation device 5b constituting the vehicle air conditioner 5 are normally operated, the ventilation amount adjusting device 5c performs the ventilation in the ventilation device 5b according to the flowcharts of FIGS. Perform quantity control.

  When the oncoming vehicle detection information is input from the oncoming vehicle detection sensor 26 in the tunnel attached to the head vehicle 1 (step S1), it is necessary to pass the damper 17b between the corresponding vehicle 1 and the oncoming vehicle via the damper driving unit 36. For example, it is closed for about 10 seconds and the supply of fresh air FA is stopped (S2). In this way, it is possible to prevent a pressure fluctuation of, for example, about 9080 Pa, which occurs due to passing by the oncoming train in the tunnel, from entering the vehicle interior 2 via the air supply duct 17.

  When the load L is input from the load sensor 23 (S3), the rate of increase (increase rate) of the load L from the previously input load L is calculated (S4). When the increase rate (increase rate) is equal to or higher than a preset reference value (S5), for example, the damper 17b is closed or narrowed for a certain period of time such as 10 minutes to suppress the supply of fresh air FA (S6). .

  When the increase rate (increase rate) is less than a preset reference value (S5), the boarding rate (%) for the passenger capacity is calculated using the load L input from the load sensor 23 (S7). Specifically, the number of passengers is obtained by dividing the load L by the average human body weight, and the boarding rate (%) is obtained by dividing the number of passengers by the capacity. Next, the opening degree of the damper 17a is calculated (S8). Since the rated ventilation amount in the capacity boarding state in the ventilation device 5b is constant as described above, the opening degree (%) corresponding to the boarding rate (%) is assumed if the fully opened state of the damper 17a is the ventilation volume of the capacity boarding. Become. The calculated opening degree (%) is set in the damper 17a (S9).

When the outside temperature sensor 25 is outside the temperature T _OU is input (S10), the rate of increase in the outside temperature T _OU the previously input of outside temperature T _OU (increase rate) is calculated (S11). When the increase rate (increase rate) is equal to or higher than a preset reference value (S12), for example, the damper 17b is closed or narrowed for a fixed time such as 10 minutes to suppress the supply of fresh air FA (S13). .

When the in-vehicle temperature T _IN is input from the in-vehicle temperature sensor 24 (S14), if the in-vehicle temperature T _IN is equal to or higher than the target temperature and equal to or lower than a specified temperature set in the vicinity of the target temperature (S15), cooling is performed. A continuous operation instruction is output only to one of the three refrigerators 20a to 20c to the device 5a (S16). Thereafter, the in-vehicle temperature T _IN is continuously taken in from the in-vehicle temperature sensor 24, and the opening degree of the damper 17b is adjusted so that the taken in-vehicle temperature T _IN approaches the target temperature (S17).

  In FIG. 6, when the power load amount W is input from the auxiliary power load amount detecting unit 33 (S18), when the power load amount W becomes equal to or greater than a predetermined value preset for the auxiliary power supply unit 29 (S19). It is determined that the amount of power load of the cooling device 5a has increased significantly, and the opening degree of the damper 17b is lowered to suppress the inflow of the hot fresh air FA into the vehicle 2 (S20, S21). As a result, the power load amount of the cooling device 5a decreases, the power load amount W of the auxiliary power supply unit 29 decreases, and the power load amount W of the auxiliary power supply unit 29 is stabilized.

In thus constructed air conditioner for a vehicle, a target 7, with reference to FIG. 8, in adjusting the degree of opening of the damper 17b in step S14~S17 in the flow diagram of FIG. 5, the inside temperature T _IN The advantage of controlling the temperature will be described.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a change in the vehicle interior temperature T _IN when only the three refrigerators 20a, 20b, and 20c are used to cool the vehicle interior 2 having a high temperature of, for example, 30 ° C. to a target temperature of, for example, 19 ° C. . In the high temperature region, the three refrigerators 20a, 20b, and 20c are operated to cool the air in the vehicle interior 2. When the in-vehicle temperature T _IN decreases to, for example, 25 ° C., the single refrigerator 20c is stopped and cooled by the two refrigerators 20a and 20b. When the in-vehicle temperature T _IN decreases to a specified temperature in the vicinity of a target temperature of, for example, 22 ° C., one refrigerator 20b is stopped and the remaining one refrigerator 20a is cooled.

Thereafter, when the in-vehicle temperature T _IN falls below the target temperature of 19 ° C., the refrigerator 20a is stopped, and when the in-vehicle temperature T _IN exceeds the target temperature of 19 ° C., the refrigerator 20a is operated. In this case, since the capacity of one refrigerator 20a is large, the in-vehicle temperature T _IN varies greatly as shown in the figure.

FIG. 8 shows the in-vehicle temperature T _{IN in} the case of cooling the interior 2 having a high temperature of, for example, 30 ° C. to a target temperature of, for example, 19 ° C. It is a figure which shows a change. The control is the same as the control shown in FIG. 7 until the in-vehicle temperature T _IN drops to a specified temperature in the vicinity of the target temperature of 22 ° C., stops one refrigerator 20b, and starts cooling with the remaining one refrigerator 20a. It is.

In this embodiment, after the in-vehicle temperature T _IN is lowered to a specified temperature in the vicinity of the target temperature of 22 ° C., the remaining one refrigerator 20a is continuously operated. When the in-vehicle temperature T _IN is higher than the target temperature, the opening degree of the damper 17b is reduced to suppress the inflow of the hot fresh air FA into the in-vehicle 2, and when the in-vehicle temperature T _IN is lower than the target temperature, The opening degree of the damper 17b is increased to promote the inflow of hot fresh air FA into the vehicle 2.

As described above, since the in-vehicle temperature T _IN is controlled to the target temperature by adjusting the opening of the damper 17b, as shown in the figure, the temperature is compared with the on / off control of one refrigerator 20a. Control accuracy can be improved.

Immediately after the passengers in the vehicle 2 suddenly increase or immediately after the outside temperature _TOU suddenly rises, the vehicle interior temperature _TIN rises and the cooling device 5a automatically performs rapid cooling. During the period, the bumper 17b of the air supply duct 17 is closed or narrowed for a certain period of time such as 10 minutes, and a large amount of high-temperature air outside the vehicle is prevented from flowing into the vehicle interior 2. As a result, rapid cooling in the cooling device 5a can be performed efficiently. Even if the ventilation of the air in the vehicle interior 2 is stopped or suppressed for a very short period of time such as 10 minutes, an increase in the carbon dioxide CO2 concentration in the vehicle interior 2 is not a problem.

  Furthermore, since the ventilation amount with respect to the air in the vehicle 2 is automatically adjusted by the damper 17b according to the boarding rate of the vehicle 1 calculated based on the load L detected by the load sensor 23, in a state where there are few passengers A large amount of high-temperature air outside the vehicle is prevented from flowing into the vehicle interior 2 via the air supply duct 17, and as a result, the cooling device 5a can be operated efficiently.

In addition, this invention is not limited to embodiment mentioned above.
In the embodiment apparatus, the damper 17 b is provided in the air supply duct 17, but can also be provided in the exhaust duct 19, and can also be provided in both the air supply duct 17 and the exhaust duct 19. That is, it is only necessary to adjust the ventilation amount with respect to the air in the vehicle 2 in the ventilation device 5b by providing the damper 17b.

  Furthermore, it is possible to employ the constant flow valve 17d shown in FIG. 2B instead of the damper 17b. By adopting the constant flow valve 17d, the amount of ventilation with respect to the air inside the vehicle 2 in the ventilation device 5b can be adjusted more accurately.

  Furthermore, it is possible to employ the cutoff valve 17e shown in FIG. 2 (c) instead of the damper 17b. The cutoff valve 17e has only a function of controlling the flow rate of the air supply duct 17 on / off, and does not have a function of adjusting the flow rate. Therefore, it is effective when the rapid cooling described above is performed or when the vehicle passes by an oncoming vehicle in the tunnel.

1 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a vehicle air conditioner according to an embodiment of the present invention and a vehicle incorporating the vehicle air conditioner. The figure which shows the damper, constant flow valve, and cutoff valve which were integrated in the ventilation apparatus of the air conditioning apparatus for vehicles of embodiment. Vehicle power supply system diagram Block diagram showing schematic configuration of ventilation volume adjustment device Flow chart showing the ventilation control operation of the ventilation adjustment device Similarly, a flowchart showing the ventilation control operation of the ventilation adjustment device The figure which shows the change of the in-vehicle temperature at the time of using the conventional method in a cooling device The figure which shows the change of the vehicle interior temperature at the time of using embodiment method in a cooling device

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Vehicle, 2 ... Inside of a vehicle, 3, 4 ... Circulation duct, 5 ... Vehicle air conditioner, 5a ... Cooling device, 5b ... Ventilation device, 5c ... Ventilation amount adjustment device, 8 ... Indoor heat exchanger, 17 ... Supply Air duct, 17b ... damper, 17d ... constant flow valve, 17e ... shutoff valve, 19 ... exhaust duct, 20a-20c ... refrigerator, 22a, 22b ... outdoor heat exchanger, 23 ... load sensor, 24 ... indoor temperature sensor, 25 ... outdoor temperature sensor, 26 ... oncoming vehicle detection sensor in tunnel, 27 ... overhead wire, 28 ... main motor, 29 ... auxiliary power supply unit, 33 ... auxiliary power load detection unit

Claims (10)

In the vehicle air conditioning apparatus comprising a cooling device and ventilation device to ventilate for car air of the vehicle it is mounted on a vehicle to cool the cabin air of the vehicle,
A ventilation amount controller that controls a ventilation amount with respect to the interior of the vehicle in at least one of an air supply passage and an exhaust passage that are open to the outside of the vehicle in the ventilation device ;
A load sensor for detecting a load applied to the vehicle;
A load increase rate calculating means for calculating a load increase rate with respect to time passage of the load detected by the load sensor;
Cooling promotion means for closing or narrowing the flow path for a predetermined time with respect to the ventilation amount controller when the load increase rate calculated by the load increase rate calculating means exceeds a reference value. An air conditioner for a vehicle characterized by the above. And occupancy calculating means for calculating the occupancy of a passenger of the vehicle on the basis of the detected load by the load sensor,
2. The vehicle air conditioner according to claim 1, further comprising a ventilation amount determining unit that determines a ventilation amount of the ventilation amount controller based on the boarding rate calculated by the boarding rate calculating unit. In a vehicle air conditioner comprising a cooling device mounted on a vehicle for cooling the air in the vehicle of the vehicle and a ventilation device for ventilating the air in the vehicle of the vehicle,
A ventilation amount controller that controls a ventilation amount with respect to the interior of the vehicle in at least one of an air supply passage and an exhaust passage that are open to the outside of the vehicle in the ventilation device;
An outside temperature sensor for detecting an outside temperature outside the vehicle;
A temperature increase rate calculating means for calculating a temperature increase rate with respect to the passage of time of the vehicle outside temperature detected by the vehicle outside temperature sensor;
When the temperature increase rate calculated by the temperature increase rate calculating means exceeds a reference value, the ventilation control unit is provided with cooling promotion means for closing or narrowing the flow path for a predetermined time. the car dual air conditioner you. A cooling device that is mounted on a vehicle and cools the air inside the vehicle, and has a plurality of refrigerators whose operating number is selected according to the temperature inside the vehicle, and ventilation that ventilates the air inside the vehicle of the vehicle A vehicle air conditioner comprising:
A ventilation amount controller that controls a ventilation amount with respect to the interior of the vehicle in at least one of an air supply passage and an exhaust passage that are open to the outside of the vehicle in the ventilation device;
An in-vehicle temperature detection sensor for detecting an in-vehicle temperature of the vehicle;
An operating number fixing means for fixing the number of operating refrigerators of the cooling device to one when the in-vehicle temperature detected by the in-vehicle temperature detection sensor decreases to near the target temperature;
In-vehicle temperature adjusting means for determining a ventilation amount of the ventilation amount controller according to an in-vehicle temperature detected by the in-vehicle temperature detection sensor during a period in which the number of operating units is fixed to one . car dual air conditioner you wherein a. A load sensor for detecting a load applied to the vehicle;
Boarding rate calculating means for calculating a boarding rate of passengers of the vehicle based on the load detected by the load sensor;
According to claim 3 or 4, wherein wherein further comprising a <br/> and ventilation determining means for determining a ventilation of the ventilation controller based on the occupancy calculated in the occupancy calculation unit Air conditioner for vehicles. An oncoming vehicle detection sensor in the tunnel for detecting an oncoming vehicle in the tunnel;
In response to detection of an oncoming vehicle by the oncoming vehicle detection sensor in the tunnel, an in-vehicle air pressure fluctuation preventing unit that closes the flow path for a time required for the ventilation controller to pass between the vehicle and the oncoming vehicle. The vehicle air conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising: Power load amount detection means for detecting the power load amount of auxiliary equipment including the cooling device and the ventilation device, excluding the vehicle driving main drive device, mounted on the vehicle;
Power load amount stabilizing means for reducing the ventilation amount with respect to the ventilation amount controller when the power load amount detected by the power load amount detection unit exceeds a specified value. The vehicle air conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 6. The ventilation controller, the vehicle according to any one of claims 1 7, characterized in that a damper provided in one flow path at least one of said exhaust passage and the inlet channel Air conditioning equipment.   The air volume controller is a constant flow valve that is provided in the air supply flow path and allows a specified flow rate to flow through the air supply flow path even when there is a pressure fluctuation inside and outside the vehicle. The vehicle air conditioner according to any one of 1 to 7. The ventilation controller, the vehicle air conditioning according to claim 1 or 3, wherein wherein said a supply flow path and the exhaust passage and shut-off valve at least provided on either one of the channel of apparatus.

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