JP4345148B2 - Rice grain quality discrimination device - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present inventionGrain of riceAnalyzing the quality (quality) ofGrain of riceThe present invention relates to a quality discrimination device.
[0002]
[Prior art]
[0003]
Traditional riceAn example of the grain quality discrimination device is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-292344. this is,The number of grains is calculated based on the quality of the sized, immature, damaged and colored grains contained in the rice grain sample.TheA disk provided with a plurality of sampling holes on the outer peripheral edge is rotated so that light is irradiated to each sample rice grain in the sampling hole to receive the reflected light quantity and transmitted light quantity of the rice grain. The rice grain detection unit is provided above the disk, splits the vertical reflected light quantity of the rice grain into a long wavelength component and a short wavelength component, and receives the light quantity of each wavelength, and below the disk And is composed of a vertically transmitted light receiving element that receives the vertically transmitted light amount and a body crack detecting light receiving element that receives the obliquely transmitted light amount of rice grains.HaveThe Then, discrimination data is calculated from the amount of light received by these four light receiving elements, and the discrimination data andin advanceThe quality of each grain of rice is determined by a predetermined discrimination algorithm.
[0004]
Further, by taking images of a plurality of sample rice grains to obtain image data, the contour of the rice grains is determined from the image data, and the color of the rice grain image determined by the contours and the contours,Furthermore,The quality of rice grains is determined by the determined discrimination algorithmRuThere is a quality discrimination device.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in JP-A-9-292344,RuIn the quality discriminating apparatus, the rice grain detection unit, particularly the light receiving element for detecting the cracking of the rice grain, includes one barrel cracking detecting light receiving element for receiving the obliquely transmitted light emitted from the oblique direction of the rice grain. However, it could not be said that sufficient optical information was obtained at the time of shell crack detection. In other words, torso split grains are grains that have cracks in the endosperm,(1)A grain with a clear crack on one side,(2)The cracks that are not completely covered are two grains on one side, two grains on the other side and different occurrence sites,(3)Grain with three or more strips on one side that are not completely cracked,(4)Regardless of cracks, grains that have cracks vertically,(5)It is divided into five stages, such as a tortoiseshell-shaped cracked grain, and the above-mentioned conventional technology captures optical information with only one shell crack detection light-receiving element. There was a risk of oversight.
[0006]
In addition, even if the latter is a quality discriminating apparatus configured to take an image of a sample rice grain and obtain image data, the method of obtaining optical information from only one side of the rice grain can maintain a highly accurate body crack discrimination. There wasn't.
[0007]
In view of the above problems, the present inventiongrainAnalyzing both front and back sides of the body can improve the accuracy of detection of shell cracks in particulargrainIt is a technical problem to provide a quality discrimination device.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention relates to a granular material holding means formed of a material that transmits light from a light source, and a rice grain arranged in a plurality of rows in a single layer state supplied to the granular material holding means. A first light source divided into a plurality of portions so as to irradiate oblique light rays from at least four directions from both ends in the length direction and both ends in the width direction of rice grains, and oblique light transmission obtained by irradiating the rice grains from the light sources Obtained by first irradiating means for acquiring an image, light source driving means for performing on / off control by forming each of the light sources in an independent power supply system, and sequentially irradiating the light sources by the light source driving means Oblique light transmission image from 4 directionsOn the basis of theAn image processing unit for converting into optical information related to the torso of rice grains, an arithmetic control unit for discriminating torso based on the optical information obtained by the image processing unit, and a rice grain obtained from the arithmetic control unit The technical means of providing a display means for simultaneously displaying or printing the result of discriminating the body crack and the optical information obtained from the image processing unit was taken.
[0009]
As a result, the rice grains supplied to the granular material holding means are irradiated with oblique light rays by the light source, but the light source driving means sequentially illuminates the light sources divided into a plurality and irradiates oblique light rays from multiple directions. For example, it is possible to irradiate light in each of the four directions of both the length direction ends and the width direction ends of the rice grain, and the shadow caused by the insufficient light quantity when it is far from the light source, the shadow caused by the overlap of the rice grains, the shadow of the granular material holding means Gradient image is acquired from multiple directions without overlooking cracks on one side or vertical cracks, and features of cracked grains are extracted for high-precision crack detection be able to.
[0010]
And provided at a position opposite to the first light source.Grain of riceA second light source that irradiates the beam with at leastGrain of riceProvided at a position opposite to the background plate serving as a reference for transmitted light of the first photographing means and the first photographing means.Grain of riceA second imaging unit that acquires a reflected image and a transmitted image of the image, and a plurality of image signals obtained by the first and second imaging units are obtained by the image processing unit.Grain of riceIs converted into optical information related to the quality of the image, and the calculation control means based on the optical informationGrain of riceThe quality of theConcernedSince the quality determination result and the optical information are simultaneously displayed or printed by the display means, they are supplied to the granular material holding means.Grain of riceThe light rays from the first and second light sources areGrain of riceThe first and second imaging means can acquire the reflected image signal on both the front and back surfaces and the transmitted image signal on both the front and back surfaces, and the viewpoints of the imaging means are different.Grain of riceImage signal can be obtained. And from these multiple images,Grain of riceFeature items can be extracted. For example,Grain of riceIf there is a slight black spot on only one side of theGrain of riceTherefore, it is possible to improve the accuracy of the analysis result. Also,Grain of riceSince the quality is determined by the image signal obtained from the image signal, the sample image is created from the image signal, and these are printed and displayed at the same time, the reliability as the quality determination result is improved.
[0011]
The first photographing means is provided above the granular material holding means,Grain of riceSurface reflection image,Grain of riceWhile taking a transmission image of the surface or a plurality of oblique light transmission images, the second imaging means is provided below the granular material holding means,Grain of riceReflection image on the back andGrain of riceBecause it takes a transparent image of the back side, at least two camerasGrain of riceCan be obtained with a simple configuration, so that a surface reflection image, a surface transmission image, a back surface reflection image, a back surface transmission image and a plurality of oblique light transmission images can be obtained.Grain of riceCan be accurately determined.
[0012]
The first light source is provided below the particulate holding means,Grain of riceAnd the second light source is provided above the granular material holding means,Grain of riceBecause it irradiates the surface ofGrain of riceSurface reflected light, surface transmitted light, back surface reflected light, and back surface transmitted light can be obtained. These can be acquired as image signals by the camera.
[0013]
The background plate is provided below the granular material holding means.RuLower reflected light background plate, lower transmitted light background plate and oblique light transmitted light background plate, and provided above the granular material holding meansRuAn upper reflected light background plate and an upper transmitted light background plate;Composed ofTherefore, when the lower reflection image, the lower transmission image, the oblique light transmission image from multiple directions, the upper reflection image, and the upper transmission image are sequentially acquired, an optimal background plate can be selected for each image.
[0014]
[0015]
Further, when the first and / or second light source is formed in an annular light source, light is irradiated from all directions (360 °) to the measurement point when the measurement point is positioned at the center of the annular light source. As a result, the overlap of rice grains and the shadow of the granular material holding means can be prevented, and a clear image signal can be obtained.
[0016]
The granular material holding means includes:When formed on a rotating disk without sampling holes,Supplied from one end of the rotating diskGrain of riceAre continuously transferred to the measurement point and on the measurement point.Grain of riceA plurality of image signals are acquired by the photographing means, and then on the rotating diskGrain of riceContinuously from the other endRice grains because it is dischargedIf there are many quality measurements of aGrain of riceIs continuously transferred to the measuring point and measured.Grain of riceCan be discharged continuously, and the operation during measurement is simplified.
[0017]
On the other hand, the granular material holding means,Grain of riceAre formed on a slide plate that is arranged in a plurality of rows in a single layer state, when a plurality of image signals are acquired by the photographing means,Grain of riceSince the image signal ofGrain of riceThe image signal is not unsightly as compared with the image signal having the irregularity, and the image signal looks beautiful.
[0018]
[0019]
[0020]
[0021]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0022]
Figure 1Grain of riceFIG. 2 is a control block diagram of a quality discrimination device. In FIG.Grain of riceThe quality discrimination device 1 isGrain of riceImages of transmitted light andGrain of riceBy reflected light fromTheAcquire multiple samplesGrain of riceObtained by photographing with the camera 2 connected to the camera of the photographing means 2 and the camera of the photographing means 2Grain of riceThe signal ofGrain of riceImage processing means 3 (for example, “PCI bus board”) for performing image processing such as conversion into optical information related to the quality of the image, and based on the optical information obtained by the image processing means 3Grain of riceDetermine the quality and sampleRice grainAn arithmetic control means 4 (for example, “personal computer” or the like) that simultaneously outputs the number of grains and the ratio of the number of grains based on the image and quality, and the arithmetic control means 4TheIt comprises a printer 5 for printing an image, the number of grains and the ratio of the number of grains, and a color display 6 for displaying them. The image processing means 3 may be a commercially available image processing board, and image processing application software for advancing image processing using this board is provided in the arithmetic control means 4.
[0023]
More specifically, the camera serving as the photographing unit 2 includes a light receiving element (for example, an area sensor of 512 × 440 pixels), and a signal photographed by the camera is input to the image processing unit 3. The image processing means 3 includes an A / D converter 3a for analog / digital conversion of the input signal (NTSC signal), and the converted digital signal.Grain of riceOptical information (for example, YUV (brightness, color difference) signal and processing unit 3b for converting the YUV signal into a further converted HSI (hue, color, luminance) signal) and a predetermined storage capacity (for example, A storage unit 3c having a capacity capable of storing about 40 pieces of 512 × 512 pixel data, and an output port 3d for outputting the optical information of the processing unit 3b as an image. Are connected, and the input image and the image processed by the image processing means 3 are visually displayed.The signal processing operation of the processing unit 3b is operated by an image processing application stored in the arithmetic control means 4 described later.
[0024]
Arithmetic control means 4 has a central processing unit (CPU) 4a as a center, a PCI bus 4b that is an input / output port of image processing means 3, an output port 4c that outputs print data to printer 5, and the relationship of quality discrimination A read-only storage element (hereinafter referred to as “ROM”) 4d that stores formulas and programs, a read / write storage element (hereinafter referred to as “RAM”) 4e that stores image processing applications, image data, and the like, and data from the outside An input port 4f for input is connected to each other. An input unit 8 such as a keyboard or a touch panel is connected to the input port 4f. By the way, “VisualC ++” (registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation) or the like is used as an image processing application stored in the RAM 4e. Therefore, when data photographed by the camera of the photographing means 2 is input to the signal processing means 3, the processing unit 3b of the image processing means 3 is operated by the image processing application, and the signal form is converted from the NTSC signal to the YUV signal. Further, the YUV signal is converted into an HSI signal. Further, the procedure of which part of the signal converted in this way is used for the data processing for the quality determination is controlled by a program stored in the ROM 4d separately from the image processing application.
[0025]
Next, the measurement unit in which the photographing means 2 is installed will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view showing the internal structure of the measuring unit provided with the photographing means, and FIG. 3 is a plan view showing the feeder of the measuring unit and the granular material holding means. In particular, the granular material holding means is glassy. It is a disk. As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG.
Mainly includes a rotating disk 22 that is supported by a rotating shaft 21 of the stepping motor 20 and rotates, a feeder device 24 (hereinafter referred to as “feeder”) installed on one side 23 of the outer peripheral edge of the rotating disk 22, It is comprised from the imaging | photography point 26 of the imaging | photography means 2 installed in the other side of the periphery. The feeder 24 has a sample above the trough 28.Grain of riceIs supplied to one side of the rotating disk 22 through the feeder 24 from the hopper 29.Grain of rice25 is moved to the photographing point 26 on the other side by the rotation of the motor 20.
[0026]
FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view showing another embodiment of the granular material holding means, in which the granular material holding means is formed on a slide plate. The slide plate 7 is formed of a material that transmits light from a light source, for example, an acrylic resin,Grain of riceAre arranged in a plurality of rows in a single layer state. And to the slide plate 7Grain of riceIs preferably supplied by the feeder device 24, and a groove similar to the slide plate 7 is formed on the bottom surface. At the start of measurement, the slide plate 7 moves in the direction of arrow AGrain of riceIs moved to the shooting point 26, and at the end of the measurement, the slide plate 7 further moves in the direction of arrow A.Grain of riceThe empty slide plate 7 moves in the direction of the arrow BGrain of riceWill be supplied.
[0027]
On such a slide plate 7Grain of riceIs configured to acquire a plurality of image signals by the photographing means, the state of being arranged in an orderly manner on the slide plate 7Grain of riceImage signal ofGrain of riceThe image signal is not unsightly as compared with the image signal having the irregularity, and the image signal looks beautiful.
[0028]
2 and 4, a shooting point of view 27 perpendicular to the rotary disk 22 or the slide plate 7 is provided at the shooting point 26, and an annular light source 30, a camera 31, and the upper side of the shooting point of view 27 are provided. A slit 32 (not shown in FIG. 4) provided between the camera 31 and the light source 30 is provided. On the other hand, a similar light source 34, a camera 35, and a slit 36 (not shown in FIG. 4) are disposed below the photographing line of sight 27. The camera 31 and the camera 35 are supplied onto the photographing point 26 through the slits 31 and 36, respectively, and are illuminated by the light sources 30 and 34.Grain of riceShoot. The light sources 30 and 34 are preferably LEDs, and the wavelength range is preferably in the visible light range of 420 nm to 700 nm.
[0029]
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a lighting state of the annular light source, particularly the lower light source 34. The annular lower light source 34 shown in FIG. 5 is divided into a plurality of parts such that the central angle of the annular ring is approximately 90 °, and four independent light sources 34A, 34A, 34A are provided in one annular light source 34. 34B, 34C, and 34D are formed. Accordingly, if the light sources 34A, 34B, 34C, 34D are sequentially turned on,Grain of riceThe light that irradiatesIn plan view of the annular light source 34Irradiation is performed from four directions.
[0030]
Next, a background board is demonstrated with reference to FIG.2 and FIG.6. FIG. 6 is a plan view showing a configuration of a background plate provided in the measurement unit. A background plate 42 is inserted between the photographing point 26 of the measurement unit and the light source 30 so as to block the line of sight 27, and the line of sight 27 is blocked between the photographing point 26 and the light source 34. A background plate 45 is inserted. The background plate 42 is formed by integrally forming two types of milky white plate 40 and black plate 41, and the background plate 45 is also formed by integrally forming two types of milky white plate 43 and black plate 44. 45 can be interchanged. That is, the background plates 42 and 45 are supported by the rotation shaft 47 of the stepping motor 46, and the background plate 42 (milky white plate 40, black plate 41) is rotated by the rotation of the motor 46.When, Background plate 45 (milky white plate 43, black plate 44)WhenThe background plate 48 is disposed so as to be freely rotatable. Further, FIG. 7 is a plan view showing a configuration of a background plate provided in the light source 34, and a background plate 49 made of a black plate can be interchanged between the light source 34 and the slit 36 so as to block the line of sight 27. The stepping motor 50 is rotatably supported by being supported by the rotation shaft 51 of the stepping motor 50.
[0031]
Next, the control means of the photographing means 2 having the above configuration will be described. FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a control device of the photographing means 2. FIG.Shown incontrolPart60 is an input / output port 62 centered on a central processing unit (CPU) 61;,Read memory element (ROM) 63When,Read / write storage element 64 (RAM)WhenIs connected. The input / output port 62 is connected to a motor drive unit 64, a feeder drive unit 24, and a light source drive unit 65, and the input / output port 62 is connected to an upper camera 31 and a lower camera 35. Has been. The motor drive unit 64 includes a rotary disk motor 20, a background plate motor 46, and a background plate motor 50.WhenIs connected. Each of these motors 20, 46, 50ArakajiTherefore, a command stored in the ROM 63 is sent from the CPU 61 to control the rotation of the motors 20, 46, and 50. Further, the light source driving unit 65 is connected to the light sources 34A, 34B, 34C, and 34D in which the upper light source 30 and the lower light source 34 are independent. AndArakajiTherefore, a command stored in the ROM 63 is sent from the CPU 61 to control lighting and extinguishing of the light source 30 and the light sources 34A, 34B, 34C, and 34D. The upper camera 31 and the lower camera 35 are photographed by a command from the control device 60, and image data obtained by the photographing is sent to the image processing means 3 by a command from the control device 60.
[0032]
The ROM 63 shown in FIG. 8 stores a program as shown in the flowchart of FIG. First, a sample from the hopper 29 shown in FIG.Grain of riceAnd starting measurement, the feeder 24 is driven (step 7-1), and the motor 20 is rotationally driven (step 7-2).Grain of riceIs supplied from the feeder 24 to the rotating disk 22 in a layered state.Grain of riceIs supplied to the rotating disk 22 in a circular arc shape, the feeder 24 is stopped (step 7-3),Grain of riceWhen the camera reaches the photographing point 26, the rotating disk also stops (step 7-4) (see FIG. 3).
[0033]
The upper transmitted light is measured by rotating the background plate motor 46 by a predetermined amount to move the milky white plate 43 to the position of the viewpoint 27, turning on all the light sources 34A, B, C, and D on the lower side and the upper camera 31. From aboveGrain of riceThis is performed by photographing the transmitted light (step 7-5). Then, this image data is sent to the image processing means 3 (the image data obtained at this time includes, for example, an image of about 450 granular materials).
[0034]
The upper reflected light is measured by rotating the background plate motor 46 by a predetermined amount to move the black plate 44 to the viewpoint 27 position, turning off all the light sources 34A, B, C, and D and turning on the upper light source 30. From above by upper camera 31Grain of riceThis is performed by photographing the reflected light (step 7-6). Then, this image data is sent to the image processing means 3.
[0035]
Similarly, the lower transmitted light is measured by rotating the background motor 46 by a predetermined amount to move the milky white plate 40 to the viewpoint 27 position, turning on the light source 30 on the upper side, and using the lower camera 35 from below.Grain of riceThis is performed by photographing the transmitted light (step 7-7). Then, this image data is sent to the image processing means 3.
[0036]
Similarly, the lower reflected light is measured by rotating the background motor 46 by a predetermined amount to move the black plate 41 to the viewpoint 27 position, turning off the light source 30 and turning on all the lower light sources 34A, B, C, and D. And lower camera 35 from belowGrain of riceThis is performed by photographing the reflected light (step 7-8). Then, the image data is sent to the image processing means 3.
[0037]
Finally, the oblique transmitted light is measured by rotating the background motor 46 by a predetermined amount to move the background plateless 48 to the viewpoint 27 position, and rotating the background plate motor 50 by a predetermined amount to move the black plate 49 to the viewpoint position. The light sources 34A, 34B, 34C, and 34D are sequentially switched by a multiplexer or the like and turned on.Grain of riceThis is performed by photographing the transmitted light by the oblique light (step 7-9).
[0038]
The measurement of the obliquely transmitted light will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. FIG. 10 is a flowchart for detecting a shell crack. Referring to FIG. 5, the tilted transmitted light when the light source 34A is turned on shows a slight crack because the light beam does not hit the horizontal crack surface perpendicularly for rice grains close to the light source. Also, for rice grains far from the light source, the amount of light is not enough, so one side becomes a shadow and it is not clear. Furthermore, with regard to the vertically cracked grains, the cracks are clearly seen because the light rays are perpendicular to the crack surface. The tilted transmitted light when the light source 34B is turned on is clearly visible in the rice grains close to the light source because the light beam hits the crack surface of the horizontal stripe perpendicularly. For rice grains far from the light source, there is not enough light, so one side is shadowed and it is not clear. Moreover, since the light beam does not hit the crack surface perpendicularly about the vertically cracked grain, the crack can be seen slightly. The tilted transmitted light when the light source 34C is turned on becomes a shadow on the side opposite to the light source 34A, and the cracks can be clearly seen for the vertically cracked grains. In the tilted transmitted light when the light source 34D is turned on, cracks can be clearly seen for rice grains that are shadowed on the opposite side to the light source 34B and close to the light source. As described above, by synthesizing the images of the light sources 34A to 34D, it is possible to detect the shell crack with high accuracy. According to the flowchart of FIG. 10, when measurement of obliquely transmitted light is started (7-9), image data is stored as an acquired image when the light source 34A is turned on (step 7-9-A). Next, the acquired image when the light source 34A is turned off and the light source 34B is turned on is stored as image data (step 7-9-B). Similarly, the acquired image when the light source 34B is turned off, the light source 34C is turned on, and the acquired image when the light source 34D is turned on and the light source 34D is turned on are stored as image data, respectively (step 7-9-). C, Step 7-9-D). Then, by synthesizing the four types of images acquired in steps 7-9-A to 7-9-D on the screen (step 7-11), one rice grain was irradiated with light sources from four directions. An image is obtained, and it is not affected by shadows due to the distance from the light source, which is a drawback of the unidirectional light source, or insufficient light quantity. In addition, even in the case of vertically split cylinder cracks, the irradiation direction is four directions. The accuracy of crack detection is improved. Then, the image data is sent to the image processing means 3.
[0039]
When the photographing of the five screens from step 7-5 to step 7-9 shown in FIG. 9 is completed, the rotating disk motor 20 is rotated by a predetermined amount, and the photographing is completed.Grain of riceIs discharged to a discharge means (not shown) to complete the measurement (step 7-10). In addition, the calculation control means 4 which performs image processing, and the control which performs imaging | photography timing of a cameraPart60 is preferably in electrical communication, and a program is stored so that the operations from step 7-5 to step 7-9 are repeatedly executed in accordance with the image data request signal of the arithmetic control means 4. And can be automated.
[0040]
The image data from step 7-5 to step 7-9 is sent to the image processing means 3 and subjected to image processing according to a program stored in the ROM 4d of the arithmetic control means 4.
[0041]
First, the image processing of the image data by the transmitted light shown in step 7-5 and step 7-7 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 11 shows a flowchart of image processing. The arithmetic control means 4 takes in the transmission image data (NTSC signal) of the sampled rice grains (step 8-1), and uses this transmission image data (NTSC signal). It is instructed to convert it into a YUV (brightness, color difference) signal and store it in the storage unit 3c (step 8-2). Next, the arithmetic control unit 4 uses the luminance signal among the YUV (brightness and color difference) signals in the storage unit 3c to instruct a binarization process with reference to a predetermined threshold value for each pixel (step 8). -3). If you binarizeGrain of riceCan be grasped as shown in FIG.Grain of riceA process for extracting the contour of the image is instructed (step 8-4). These image data are a plurality ofGrain of riceSince the data ofGrain of rice1grainLabeling is performed with a symbol for identification (step 8-5).
[0042]
Grain of riceIs obtained from the number of pixels inside the contour.Grain of riceThus, the major and minor axes of the figure can be determined by image processing to specify the width and length (step 8-7). Further, using the luminance signal of the YUV (brightness, color difference) signal, an instruction is given to extract an edge image from the luminance signal (step 8-6). An edge image is an image obtained by differentiating a luminance (brightness) signal, and is processed so as to extract a portion having a luminance (brightness) gradient as a signal. For example, as shown in FIG.Grain of riceLike when there is coloring or there is an opaque part inside,Grain of riceSince there is a gradient of brightness (brightness) in the contour portion of the image and the boundary portion having a color different from the others, if these are subjected to edge image processing, they can be processed into an image as shown in FIG. next,Grain of riceIn order to extract the characteristics of, brightness (brightness) for each pixel from the edge image,Grain of riceA histogram of the edge image signal is created for each grain (step 8-8).
[0043]
And from the luminance (brightness) signal itself,Grain of riceIt is instructed to create a histogram of the luminance (brightness) signal for each grain (step 8-9).
[0044]
Obtained from step 8-7 aboveGrain of riceIs a shape information, and a YUV (brightness, color difference) signal, luminance (brightness) signal, edge image histogram obtained in step 8-8, and luminance signal histogram obtained in step 8-9 are: Optical information. The above five feature items are stored in the RAM 4e of the arithmetic control means 4.Grain of riceEach grain is stored in the label (step 8-10). From the image data by the transmitted light, the diffused light transmitted through the milky white background plate isGrain of riceThe shape ofGrain of riceDetected as light related to internal quality, sampleGrain of riceBy detecting the individual shape and amount of transmitted light,Grain of riceIt is possible to acquire a feature related to the shape and a feature of transmitted light quantity. The luminance signal processed here can be a monochrome signal.
[0045]
Next, the image processing of the image data by the reflected light shown in Step 7-6 and Step 7-8 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 15 shows a flowchart of the image processing.Grain of riceThe reflected image data (NTSC signal) is captured (step 12-1), and the reflected image data (NTSC signal) is converted into a YUV (brightness, color difference) signal and stored in the storage unit 3c (step 12). -2). Then, the arithmetic control means 4 instructs the YUV (brightness, color difference) signal in the storage unit 3c to be converted into an HSI (hue, color, luminance) signal and stored (step 12-3). Next, an SI (color, luminance) signal is taken out to instruct to extract an edge image (step 12-4). The contents of the edge image are as described above. Also,Grain of riceFrom the HSI (Hue, Color, Luminance) signal,Grain of riceIt is instructed to create a histogram of HSI (Hue, Color, Luminance) signal for each grain (step 12-5). From the edge image of SI (color, brightness) signalGrain of riceAn instruction is made to create a histogram of the edge image for each grain (step 12-6). Here, a YUV (brightness, color difference) signal, an HSI (hue, color, brightness) signal, a histogram of the HSI signal obtained in step 12-5, and an SI (color, brightness) signal obtained in step 12-6. The edge image histogram is optical information. The above four feature items are stored in the RAM 4e of the calculation control means 4. At this time, divert the label attached at the time of transparent image processing.Grain of riceYou may memorize | store in a label for every grain. In addition to the reflection image processing, the reflection image processing label is attached and the same.Grain of riceThe data may be stored in correspondence with each other. Above, image data by reflected light, that is, black board as backgroundGrain of riceFrom the reflected light obtained fromGrain of riceDetected as light related to the color of the sampleGrain of riceBy detecting individual reflected light,Grain of riceThe characteristic regarding the color of can be acquired. The signal here is a color signal.
[0046]
Further, image processing of obliquely transmitted image data will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 16 shows a flowchart of the image processing. The arithmetic control means 4 is photographed from four directions, takes in the synthesized oblique light image data (NTSC signal) (step 13-1), and this oblique light image data. The (NTSC signal) is converted into a YUV (brightness, color difference) signal and commanded to be stored in the storage unit 3c (step 13-2). Next, the calculation control means 4 extracts an edge image using a luminance signal among YUV (brightness and color difference) signals in the storage unit 3c (step 13-3). This will be described with reference to FIG. 17. The one in which light and darkness appear clearly in the synthesized oblique light image is a torn grain, and there are cracks in the rice grain. At this time, when an edge image, which is a differential process related to luminance (brightness), is extracted, as shown in FIG. 18, a crack portion can be extracted as a line that crosses (or longitudinally crosses) the granular material. Next, in order to extract the characteristics of the granular material, the calculation control means 4 instructs the edge image to be Hough-transformed to identify a line associated with the crack (step 13-4). here,Grain of riceThe YUV (brightness, color difference) signal, the edge image obtained in step 13-3, and the buffed value obtained in step 13-4 are optical information. The above three feature items are stored in the RAM 4e of the calculation control means 4. At this time,Grain of riceThe label for each grain may be used in correspondence with the label attached at the time of transmission image processing.
[0047]
In the image data by the above transmitted light, reflected light and oblique light, the acquisition of the reference light data by the reference plate as a reference is omitted, but by capturing the brightness of the reference plate and the image as reference data first, It is also possible to correct the image data, more specifically, to average the luminance and color of the background plate as the background.
[0048]
Now,Grain of riceIn the ROM 4d in FIG.ArakajiMeGrain of riceA quality relational expression is stored. thisGrain of riceThe quality relational expression is obtained as follows, for example.ArakajiKnown qualityGrain of riceFrom the above-mentioned transmission imageGrain of riceArea (X₁
a), circularity (X₂a), length (X₃a), width (X₄a),Grain of riceHistogram of signal of edge image (X₅a),Grain of riceLuminance signal histogram (X₆a) By reflection imageGrain of riceHSI signal histogram (X₇a),Grain of riceHistogram of edge image (X₈a) According to oblique imageGrain of riceHough transform signal (X₉a)TheTo obtain these variables as explanatory variables (X_na)Grain of ricePerfect grain (T₁), Unfinished grains (T₂), Sized (T₃), Immature grains (T₄), Dead rice (T₅) Etc. as objective variables (T_aAs,Linear analysis such as multiple regression analysis is performed. In addition to the above, the quality is unknown by nonlinear analysis such as neural networkGrain of riceFor seeking qualityGrain of riceYou may make a quality relational expression. In other words, the quality is unknownGrain of riceThe information given by the transmitted light image, reflected light image or oblique light image, andGrain of riceThe quality can be specified by the quality relational expression. Note that each piece of information described above is an example, and it is not a necessary condition to use all the information. For linear analysis and non-linear analysis, known analysis methods can be used.
[0049]
Further, the entire control program of the arithmetic control means 4 after image processing will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 19 is a control flowchart of the arithmetic control means 4. First, sample from camera 2Grain of riceIs obtained (step 16-1), converted into processable image data, and stored in the storage unit 3c (step 16-2). The image data obtained here is processed by the arithmetic control means 4 and the image processing means 3 as described above.Grain of riceEach time image processing is performed (step 16-3), for example, 450 pieces of image-processed shape information and optical information are obtained. Shape information and optical information;Grain of riceBy the quality relational expression,Grain of riceThe quality is calculated and specified for each label (step 16-4), and the number of grains for each quality is calculated (step 16-5). Further, the grain number ratio is calculated for each grade (step 16-5). For example, the image processing means is instructed to obtain image data for each grain by dividing an image based on, for example, a YUV (brightness, color difference) signal obtained by the processing of the reflected image data, and store it in the storage unit 3c (step 16). -7). In this image processing, first, as described above, the transmitted light image data is used.Grain of riceThe outer shape of each grain is discriminated, and the reflected light image data of the same label is divided for each grain based on the outer shape and finally rearranged. When the sample image is created using the reflected light image data, the color is clear and visually good. The arithmetic control means 4 simultaneously converts the obtained number of grains and the ratio of the number of grains and image data for each grain (for example, 450 grains) into a predetermined format from the output port 4c to the color printer 5 or the color display 6. (Step 16-8). At this time, as an example of printing, grain quality discrimination data as shown in FIG. 20 is finished. As described above, in the embodiment of the present invention, in addition to the quality, the number of grains and the ratio of the number of quality, a sample image of the sample granular material acquired as an image can be added and provided. Thereby, the quality can be determined based on the photographing data of the sample granular material, and in addition, a sample image can be created.
[0050]
When outputting all 450 grains of rice as an image, it may be as described above, but only about 100 grains of rice can be printed or displayed due to the size of the printing paper surface by the color printer 5 or the resolution by the display 6. The output process is performed as shown in FIG. That is, instead of (Step 16-7) in FIG. 19, the number of grains for each grade is calculated from the grain number ratio for each grade shown in FIG. 21 and the number of printable / displayable grains of 100 (Step 18-7). ). Corresponding image data is arbitrarily selected from the storage unit 3c according to the number of grains for each grade (step 18-8). The determined number of grains and the ratio of the number of grains and the selected 100 pieces of image data are simultaneously set in a predetermined format and output from the output port 4c to the color printer 5 or the color display 6 (step 18-9). ). At this time, as an example of printing, grain quality discrimination data as shown in FIG. 22 is finished.
[0051]
FIG. 23 shows another embodiment of FIG. 21 instead of step 16-7 of FIG. 19, and calculates the number of grains for each grade from the grain number ratio for each grade and the number of printable / displayable grains of 100. (Step 20-7). Then, one piece of image data representing the quality is selected for each quality from the image data stored in the storage unit 3c (step 20-8). Next, the image data obtained by copying and processing the number of grains and the ratio of the number of grains for each grade and the image data representing the grade for the number of grains is set in a predetermined format, and the color printer 5 or the color from the output port 4c. The data is output to the display 6 (step 20-9).
[0052]
Note that the aboveGrain of riceThe quality discrimination device,The body part and quality can be discriminated, but the minimum parts required for the measurement part when detecting the body part are the three components of the granular material holding means, the light source that can irradiate from multiple directions, and the photographing means. The minimum parts required for the measurement unit at this time are a granular material holding means, a light source capable of irradiating from multiple directions, at leastGrain of rice4 elements of a background plate and a photographing means as a reference of transmitted light. As described above, a plurality of background plates for reflected light, a background plate for transmitted light, and the like are used as the background plate. However, the background plate other than the transmitted light background plate is not particularly required and may or may not be present.
[0053]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the rice grains supplied to the granular material holding means are irradiated with oblique light rays from the light source. The light source driving means sequentially turns on the light sources divided into a plurality of directions and obliquely emits light from multiple directions. A light beam is irradiated. For example, it is possible to irradiate light in each of the four directions of the length direction both ends and the width direction both ends of the rice grain, the shadow due to insufficient light quantity when it is far from the light source, the shadow due to the overlap of rice grains, the granular material holding means It is possible to prevent shadows on one side, without overlooking cracks on one side or overlooking vertical cracks, oblique images are acquired from multiple directions, and feature items of body cracking grains are extracted to accurately identify body cracks Can do.
[0054]
And provided at a position opposite to the first light source.Grain of riceA second light source that irradiates the beam with at leastGrain of riceProvided at a position opposite to the background plate serving as a reference for transmitted light of the first photographing means and the first photographing means.Grain of riceA second imaging unit that acquires a reflected image and a transmitted image of the image, and a plurality of image signals obtained by the first and second imaging units are obtained by the image processing unit.Grain of riceIs converted into optical information related to the quality of the image, and the calculation control means based on the optical informationGrain of riceDetermine the quality of thisGrain of riceSince the quality determination result and the optical information are simultaneously displayed or printed by the display means, they are supplied to the granular material holding means.Grain of riceThe light from the light sourceGrain of riceBoth the front and back sides of the image are irradiated, and the reflected image signals on both the front and back sides and the transmitted image signals on both the front and back sides can be obtained by the photographing means, and the viewpoint of the photographing means is different.Grain of riceImage signal can be obtained. And from these multiple images,Grain of riceFeature items can be extracted. For example,Grain of riceIf there is a slight black spot on only one side of theGrain of riceTherefore, it is possible to improve the accuracy of the analysis result. Also,Grain of riceSince the quality is determined by the image signal obtained from the image signal, the sample image is created from the image signal, and these are printed and displayed at the same time, the reliability as the quality determination result is improved.
[0055]
The first photographing means is provided above the granular material holding means,Grain of riceSurface reflection image,Grain of riceWhile taking a transmission image of the surface or a plurality of oblique light transmission images, the second imaging means is provided below the granular material holding means,Grain of riceReflection image on the back andGrain of riceBecause it takes a transparent image of the back side, at least two camerasGrain of riceCan be obtained with a simple configuration, so that a surface reflection image, a surface transmission image, a back surface reflection image, a back surface transmission image and a plurality of oblique light transmission images can be obtained.Grain of riceCan be accurately determined.
[0056]
The first light source is provided below the particulate holding means,Grain of riceAnd the second light source is provided above the granular material holding means,Grain of riceTherefore, it is possible to obtain the surface reflected light, surface transmitted light, back surface reflected light, and back surface transmitted light of the particulate matter. These can be acquired as image signals by the camera.Grain of riceThese can be acquired as image signals by the camera.
[0057]
The background plate includes a lower reflected light background plate, a lower transmitted light background plate and an oblique transmitted light background plate provided below the granular material holding means, and an upper portion provided above the granular material holding means. Since the background plate for reflected light and the background plate for upper transmitted light are provided, the lower reflected image, the lower transmitted image, the obliquely transmitted image from multiple directions, the upper reflected image, and the upper transmitted image are sequentially acquired. The most suitable background board can be selected.
[0058]
[0059]
Further, when the light source is formed as an annular light source, if the measurement point is positioned in the center of the annular light source, light is irradiated from all directions (360 °) to the measurement point, and the rice grains And the shadow of the granular material holding means can be prevented, and a clear image signal can be obtained.
[0060]
The granular material holding means includes:When formed on a rotating disk with no sampling holeSupplied from one end of the rotating diskGrain of riceAre continuously transferred to the measurement point and on the measurement point.Grain of riceA plurality of image signals are acquired by the photographing means, and then the particulate matter on the rotating disk is continuously discharged from the other end.Rice grainsIf there are many quality measurements of aGrain of riceIs continuously transferred to the measuring point and measured.Grain of riceCan be discharged continuously, and the operation during measurement is simplified.
[0061]
On the other hand, the granular material holding means,Grain of riceAre formed on a slide plate that is arranged in a plurality of rows in a single layer state, when a plurality of image signals are acquired by the photographing means,Grain of riceSince the image signal ofGrain of riceThe image signal is not unsightly as compared with the image signal having the irregularity, and the image signal looks beautiful.
[0062]
[0063]
[0064]
[Brief description of the drawings]
[Figure 1]Grain of riceIt is a control block diagram of a quality discrimination device.
FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view showing an internal structure of a measurement unit in which an imaging unit is installed.
FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a feeder and granular material holding means of a measurement unit.
[Fig. 4] GranularityobjectIt is a schematic perspective view which shows another embodiment of a holding means.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a lighting state of an annular lower light source.
FIG. 6 is a plan view showing a configuration of a background plate.
FIG. 7 is a plan view showing the arrangement and rotation of the background plate.
FIG. 8 is a control block diagram of photographing means.
FIG. 9 is a flowchart of a photographing unit.
FIG. 10 is a flowchart when a shell crack is detected.
FIG. 11 is a process flowchart of image data of transmitted light.
FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of an image obtained by binarizing transmitted light image data.
FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of transmitted light image data before image processing.
14 is a diagram illustrating an example of an image obtained by performing edge processing on the image of FIG. 11;
FIG. 15 is a processing flowchart of image data of reflected light.
FIG. 16 is a process flowchart of oblique image data.
FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of oblique light image data before image processing.
FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of an image obtained by performing image processing on oblique light image data.
FIG. 19Grain of riceIt is a flowchart of a quality discrimination apparatus.
FIG. 20 is an example of a printed quality discrimination measurement result.
FIG. 21 is a flowchart showing another procedure for creating a sample image.
FIG. 22 is an example of a quality discrimination measurement result created and printed according to another flowchart.
FIG. 23 is a flowchart showing another procedure for creating a sample image.
[Explanation of symbols]
1Grain of riceQuality discrimination device
2 Camera
3 Image processing means
4 Calculation control means
5 Printer
6 Color display
7 Slide plate
8 Groove
20 Stepping motor
21 Rotating shaft
22 rotating disk
23 One side
24 Feeder device
25Grain of rice
26 Shooting points
27 Gaze
28 trough
29 Hopper
30 Light source
31 Camera
32 slits
34 Light source
35 cameras
36 slits
40 Milky white board
41 Black plate
42 background board
43 Milky white board
44 Black plate
45 background board
46 Stepping motor
47 Rotating shaft
48 No background board
49 Background Board
50 Stepping motor
51 Rotating shaft

Claims (6)

The granular material holding means formed of a material that transmits light from the light source, and the rice grains arranged in a plurality of rows in a single layer supplied to the granular material holding means, both ends in the length direction of the rice grains and the width of the rice grains A first light source divided into a plurality of portions so as to irradiate oblique light rays from at least four directions from both ends of the direction, and a first photographing means for acquiring an oblique light transmission image obtained by irradiating the rice grains from the light source; a light source driving means for performing independent and formed to on-off control in the power supply system to each of the light sources, based on the oblique transmission image from four directions obtained by sequentially irradiating the light source by the light source driving means An image processing unit for converting into optical information related to the torso of rice grains, an arithmetic control unit for discriminating torso based on the optical information obtained by the image processing unit, and a rice grain obtained from the arithmetic control unit Case crack discrimination result and image processing A rice grain quality discrimination device comprising: display means for simultaneously displaying or printing optical information obtained from the section.   A second light source for irradiating the rice grains with light rays provided at a position opposed to the first light source, a background plate serving as a reference for transmitted light of at least the rice grains, and a position opposed to the first photographing means; Second imaging means for acquiring a reflected image and a transmitted image, and a plurality of image signals obtained by the first and second imaging means are converted into optical information related to the quality of rice grains by the image processing unit. 2. The rice grain quality discrimination apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the quality of the rice grain is determined by the calculation control means based on the optical information, and the quality discrimination result and the optical information are simultaneously displayed or printed by the display means. The first imaging means is provided above the granular material holding means, and captures a reflection image of the rice grain surface, a transmission image of the rice grain surface, or a plurality of oblique transmission images, and the second imaging means includes the The rice grain quality discrimination device according to claim 2, which is provided below the granular material holding means and is configured to take a reflection image of the back side of rice grains and a transmission image of the back side of rice grains. The first light source is provided below the granular material holding means and irradiates the back surface of the rice grain, and the second light source is provided above the granular material holding means and irradiates the surface of the rice grain. The rice grain quality discrimination device according to claim 2. The background plate includes a lower reflected light background plate, a lower transmitted light background plate and an obliquely transmitted light background plate provided below the granular material holding means, and an upper reflected light provided above the granular material holding means. The rice grain quality discriminating apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the rice grain quality discriminating apparatus is constituted by a background plate for use and an upper transmitted light background plate. The rice grain quality determination apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first and / or second light source is formed as an annular light source.

Images