JP4337140B2 - Protective structure - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a protective structure such as a shed installed to protect roads, railroad tracks, and protected objects such as houses and building facilities from falling rocks, avalanches and landslides.

  In general, this type of protective structure is constructed by supporting a roof with a support, and steel, concrete made of PC, RC, and the like are known. For example, in a concrete shed, a main girder, which is a plurality of concrete wall bodies, is integrally fastened with PC steel for lateral fastening in the longitudinal direction of the road or the track to form a roof, and both sides of the roof in the road or track direction are formed. Are rigidly connected to a column or wall (for example, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2). The main girder structure is known to have a T-shaped cross section, a rectangular cross section, etc., and the main girder support structure is a structure in which both sides of the main girder are supported by a main column and a sub-column, or a retaining wall. Various things, such as what is supported by a main pillar or a retaining wall and a retaining wall, are known.

  In the design of the protection structure as described above, the strength is set mainly by the allowable stress method for the design load received by the structure.

In other words, the strength is calculated so that each stress level of the structure does not exceed the predetermined allowable stress level for the maximum load such as falling rocks and earthquakes that are expected in the design, and the elastic range where the protective structure does not cause plastic deformation The strength is designed so that it fits within the range.
No. 1-4895 Japanese Patent Publication No. 1-2722

  However, even if the actual protective structure is subjected to plastic deformation beyond the yield point, the protective function is not impaired. There is an aspect that becomes excessive.

  Then, an object of this invention is to provide the protection structure provided with the intensity | strength required for protection.

The invention according to claim 1 is a protective structure that covers at least a part of an object to be protected along a mountain and supports both sides of a roof provided along the mountain by a mountain side support body and an anti-mountain side support body. The lower part of the anti mountain side support and the foundation are hinged, the upper part of the anti mountain side support and the roof are hinged, the roof and the mountain side support are hinged, and the lower part of the mountain side support is rigidly connected. When the load is applied to the roof more than a predetermined amount, the mountain side support body is allowed to be displaced to the anti-mountain side when the load is applied to the roof, and the upper part of the mountain side support body is set to the anti-mountain side by a set amount. when displaced, comprising a support means for supporting said mountain support mountain, the supporting means includes an anchor inserted through the Rutotomoni the mountain side support fixed to the mountain, the top of the front Kiyama side support when displaced by the anti mountainside the set amount, the And a transmitting means for transmitting the supporting forces of the anchor to the side support, wherein the transmission means support, a support force transmission member provided at the tip of the anchor, by the supporting force transmission member provided in the mountain side support A support receiving portion for receiving a force, and an interval is provided between the support force transmitting member and the support receiving portion, the interval is set corresponding to the set amount, and the upper portion of the mountain side support is set to the setting The displacement transmitting member transmits the support force of the anchor to the support receiving portion when displaced to the opposite side by an amount .

In the invention of claim 2 , the roof is formed by arranging a plurality of main girders in the length direction and integrated with a PC steel material, and with respect to a predetermined load continuous in the length direction of the roof due to an avalanche or the like. The rigid connection portion has a strength that does not generate a plastic hinge.

  According to the configuration of claim 1, in the three-hinged structure of the lower part and foundation of the anti-mountain side support, the upper part of the anti-mountain side support and the roof, and the roof and the mountain side support, a load exceeding a predetermined amount is applied to the roof due to falling rocks, avalanches, etc. If applied, stress concentrates on the rigid connection between the lower part of the hillside support and the foundation, so increasing the strength so that the rigid connection does not deform plastically becomes inefficient. Displacement that falls to the mountain side is allowed, and when the upper part of the mountain side support body is displaced to the anti-mountain side by a set amount, or when a plastic hinge is generated at the rigid connection due to the displacement, the mountain side support body is supported by the mountain. Thus, the displacement of the mountain-side support can be controlled, and thereby the design strength around the rigid connection portion can be suppressed. Therefore, the required strength can be obtained while suppressing the proof stress of the protective structure.

In addition, according to the configuration of claim 1 , when a load exceeding a predetermined value is applied to the roof due to falling rocks or avalanches, the force is applied to the mountain side support to the anti-mountain side, and the upper part of the mountain side support is set to the anti-mountain side by a set amount. The anchor supports the mountain-side support after the mountain-side support has fallen to the anti-mountain side until it is displaced and a plastic hinge is generated between the lower part of the mountain-side support and the foundation or near to the occurrence of the plastic hinge. Thus, a stable structure is obtained as a four-hinge structure supported by the anchor.

Moreover, according to the structure of Claim 1 , when the load more than predetermined is added to the roof by a falling rock, an avalanche, etc., and the mountain side support body falls by receiving the force which falls to the anti-mountain side, the lower part of the said mountain side support body and the foundation When a plastic hinge is generated between them or the mountain side support body falls down to the vicinity where the plastic hinge is generated and the supporting force transmission member comes into contact with the support receiving portion, the anchor supports the mountain side support body and is supported by the anchor. In addition, a stable structure can be obtained as a 4-hinge structure or a 3-hinge structure.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, when a load is locally applied to the roof, the plastic hinge is not generated in the main girder adjacent in the length direction even if the plastic hinge is generated at the position where the load is applied. The strength against the local load may be set. On the other hand, when a continuous load is applied in the length direction of the roof due to an avalanche or the like and a plastic hinge that is continuous in the length direction of the roof is generated, a plastic hinge is generated at the lower rigid joint or the plastic hinge is Since the roof collapses before the mountain side support collapses to the vicinity where it occurs, by giving the roof a strength that does not generate a plastic hinge for a predetermined load that continues in the length direction of the roof due to avalanche etc. It can prevent the roof from collapsing.

  Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below do not limit the contents of the present invention described in the claims. In addition, all the configurations described below are not necessarily essential requirements of the present invention. In each embodiment, a novel protective structure different from the conventional one is employed to obtain an unprecedented protective structure, and the protective structure will be described.

  FIG. 1 to FIG. 6 show a first embodiment of the present invention, which shows a concrete lock shed, and this lock shed includes a plurality of main girders 1. The roof 3 along the mountain Y is formed by tightly fastening with the laterally tightening PC steel material 2 facing the road M or the track length direction, and the main girder 1 is the PC facing the road M or the track width direction. The tension force is given by the steel material 4 by the pretension method, and the receiving surface 6A on the wall 5 which is the anti-mountain side support body 5 and the wall 6 which is the mountain side support body on both sides of the road M or the track direction of the roof 3. And both sides of the roof 3 in the width direction are coupled to the pillar 5 and the wall body 6 by the anchor 7 and the anchor 7A, respectively, and a rubber plate 8 is interposed between the roof 3 and the pillar 5 to form a hinge coupling portion H1. A rubber plate 8 is interposed between the roof 3 and the wall body 6 so that the hinge joint H2 It is. A contact portion 9 having a menase hinge shape is formed at the lower part of the pillar 5, and the lower part of the pillar 5 is hinged to a valley-side foundation 10 that is an anti-mountain side foundation. Further, the lower portion of the wall body 6 is rigidly connected to a lateral mountain-side foundation 11 by a rigid connection portion 12. A reinforcing bar (not shown) is continuously provided between the wall body 6 and the mountain side foundation 11. The road M or the track is a protected object. The anti-mountain side is a valley T, and the anti-mountain side of the road M is a valley. Further, a mountain Y is located at the upper part on the back side of the wall body 6, and a flat part H is formed between the slope of the mountain Y and the upper part on the back side of the wall body 6, and this flat part H is an existing mountain. Is formed by flattening.

  Further, the upper surface 3M of the roof 3 is a protective surface of the protective structure, and an enclosure block 13 is provided on the valley T side of the roof 3, and the enclosure block 13 is made of cast-in-place concrete or made of precast. The enclosure block 13 is fixed to the roof 3. A sand layer is provided as a buffer layer 31 between the enclosure block 13 and the mountain Y on the protective surface 13M.

  When the protective structure has a plastic hinge between the lower portion of the wall body 6 and the foundation 11 or the wall body 6 falls to the valley side to the vicinity where the plastic hinge is generated, the wall body 6 is turned to a mountain Y. Supporting means 21 for supporting is provided. The support means 21 will be described. The anchor 22 is fixed to the mountain Y, and the anchor 22 is inserted into the insertion hole 23 on the upper side of the wall body 6 so that the tip of the anchor 22 constitutes a transmission means. The supporting force transmitting member 24 is fixed, and 23 insertion holes on the inner surface of the wall 6 are supporting receiving portions 25, and a space 26 is provided between the supporting receiving portion 25 and the supporting force transmitting member 24. The interval 26 can be set to such a dimension that the wall body 6 falls to the valley T side and the rigid coupling portion 12 becomes a plastic hinge or the wall body 6 falls to the valley side until the plastic hinge is generated. . That is, the interval 26 is set to a set amount S obtained by designing the protective structure, and this set amount S is set corresponding to the amount of displacement in which the upper portion of the wall body 6 falls to the valley side. The displacement is set to a displacement amount at which the upper portion falls to the valley side and the rigid connection portion 12 becomes a plastic hinge by strength calculation, or a displacement amount before and after the plastic hinge. That is, the set amount S is appropriately determined in a region where the wall body 6 is elastically deformed in the direction in which the wall body 6 is tilted, and before the rigid coupling portion 12 is plastic hinged and the rigid coupling portion 12 is plastic hinged and further deformed. Can be set.

  The interval 26 may be provided with an elastic body such as a cushion. Although depending on the length of the wall body 6, a plurality of anchors 22 of the support means 21 can be provided in the length direction of the wall body 6.

  A design method in such a lock shed will be described below. FIG. 3 is a skeleton diagram of the protective structure shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. When the opposite mountain side of the roof 3 is a valley T, in order to obtain a large supporting force on the valley side, the valley side foundation 10 Therefore, it is disadvantageous in terms of design because it requires a construction to obtain a predetermined supporting force and requires a separate construction compared to the mountain side, and the construction cost is higher due to poor conditions. On the other hand, it is structurally advantageous to resist the load by the structurally stable mountain-side wall body 6 and mountain-side foundation 11, and a three-hinge structure is adopted as shown in FIG. In this structure, even if the roof 3 receives a fallen stone, the contact portion 9 applies only a longitudinal force to the valley foundation 10 from the pillar 5 and does not receive a horizontal force on the valley foundation 10. Is relatively small.

  The roof 3 has a plurality of main girders 1 arranged in the longitudinal direction of a road or the like and is tension-integrated by a plurality of PC steel materials 2 for lateral fastening. When falling rocks fall on the roof 3 from the slope of the mountain Y, a load is locally applied to the roof 3. One to several of the main girders 1 are directly subjected to falling rocks, and a plurality of these main girders 1 are tensioned and integrated by the PC steel material 2 for lateral fastening. Even if a hinge is generated, it is difficult to generate a plastic hinge continuously in the length direction of the roof 3 by supporting a plurality of adjacent main girders 1, and the roof is against the design maximum rock fall load that is the design maximum load. The strength of the roof 3 is set so that the plastic hinge does not continuously collapse in the three length directions, and the roof 3 is not collapsed. The strength of the wall body 6 and the mountain-shaped foundation 11 is set so as to make a plastic hinge. A solid analysis or the like can be used for calculating the strength of the roof 3. In addition, the maximum rock fall condition that should be verified by the field survey etc. is set for the design maximum rock fall load.

  On the other hand, in the case of an avalanche falling from the slope of the mountain Y, the roof 3 may fall continuously in the length direction of the roof 3, so the roof 3 in the length direction against the design maximum avalanche load that is the design maximum load. The strength is designed so as not to continuously produce a plastic hinge. The maximum design avalanche load is determined by setting the maximum avalanche condition to be verified by the original site survey, etc., and considering the load applied to the roof 3 and its range (length), for example, the load expected at the center of the roof 3 Assuming that an avalanche is received by the length, the strength that does not produce a plastic hinge continuously in the length direction is calculated. By designing in this way, when the roof 3 receives the design maximum rock fall load or the design maximum avalanche load, the rigid connection portion 12 is set to be a plastic hinge without generating a plastic hinge on the roof 3. In addition, since the mountain Y on the upper side of the roof 3 is a slope, falling rocks and avalanches falling from the slope have a horizontal force directed to the valley side in addition to the vertical force, as indicated by the white arrow. Then, when they are received by the roof 3, a force is applied to bring down the upper part of the wall body 6 to the valley side.

6, when the roof 3 is subjected to a maximum rockfall load or design maximum avalanche load design exemplifies a state in which the plastic hinge occurs roof 3 is designed so as not to FIG. 6 (B). In the protective structure shown in FIG. 1, the upper surface of the column 5 and the receiving surface 6A of the wall 6 have a predetermined width in the width direction of the roof M. Therefore, even if a plastic hinge occurs on the roof 3, the column 5 and the corners of the wall 6 positioned on both ends of the receiving surface 6A in the width direction are hit by the lower surface of the roof M, and a new support point for supporting the roof M is generated, so that a plastic hinge is generated at the center. However, the roof M will not collapse.

  When the roof 3 receives falling rocks, avalanches, etc. and a load exceeding a predetermined value is applied to the roof 3, the wall body 6 falls to the mountain side, and the rigid body 12 becomes a plastic hinge, or the wall body 6 until before or after the plastic hinge is formed. Is displaced. Alternatively, even if a load is not directly applied to the roof 3, as shown by the white arrow in FIG. 3, if the flat part H receives a falling rock, an avalanche, or the like, a force to tilt the wall body 6 to the mountain side is generated. Falls to the mountain side, and the wall body 6 is displaced until the rigid connection portion 12 becomes a plastic hinge or before and after the plastic hinge. In this way, when the wall body 6 falls down and the rigid coupling portion 12 becomes a plastic hinge, or when the wall body 6 is displaced before and after the plastic hinge, the support receiving portion 25 of the fallen wall body 6 becomes a support force transmission member. The anchor 22 supports the wall body 6 in contact with 24. 4 and 5 show a state in which the rigid connection portion 12 is formed into a plastic hinge. When the plastic hinge is formed, the protective structure is a four-hinge portal structure, and 22 anchors of the wall 6 serve as fulcrums. In this way, a three-hinge structure before receiving a load exceeding a predetermined value, and a wall 6 lowering by an anchor 22 after the lower part of the wall 6 is plastic hinged by receiving a load exceeding a predetermined value. By performing the strength calculation in the elastic region as a four-hinge structure that is supported so as to prevent this, a protective structure having a predetermined structural strength can be obtained while suppressing the member strength as compared with the conventional case. Further, in the framework diagram of FIG. 5, the wall body 6 is displaced to the mountain side near the rigid connection portion 12 without being plastic hinged, and the anchor member 22 prevents the wall body 6 from falling over. Even when supported, the strength can be calculated as a three-hinge structure with additional support points by the anchor 22, and a protective structure having a predetermined structural strength can be obtained while suppressing the member strength compared to the conventional structure. .

In this way, in this embodiment, corresponding to claim 1, the road M or the track that is to be protected along the mountain Y is covered at least on both sides of the roof 3 that covers a part and is provided along the mountain Y. In the protection structure formed by supporting the wall 6 as the body and the pillar 5 as the anti-mountain side support, the lower part of the pillar 5 and the valley base 10 are hinged, and the upper part of the pillar 5 and the roof 3 are hinged. When the roof 3 and the wall body 6 are hinge-coupled, and the lower part of the wall body 6 is rigidly connected to the mountain side foundation 10 by the rigid connection portion 12 and a load exceeding a predetermined value is applied to the roof 3, There permit displacement to fall to the valley side is anti mountainside, when the upper part of the wall 6 is displaced in the set amount S counter mountain serving the valley, it comprises a support means 21 for supporting the wall 6 in mountain Y, the support The means 21 is fixed to the mountain Y and the anchor 22 inserted through the wall body 6 and the upper part of the wall body 5 are displaced to the valley side by a set amount S. Are provided with a supporting force transmitting member 24 and a supporting receiving portion 25 as transmitting means for transmitting the supporting force of the anchor 22 to the wall body 6. The transmitting means includes a supporting force transmitting member 24 provided at the tip of the anchor 22, and a wall body. 6 is provided with a support receiving portion 25 that receives a support force by the support force transmitting member 24, and an interval 26 is provided between the support force transmitting member 24 and the support receiving portion 25. The interval 26 corresponds to the set amount S. Since the support force transmitting member 24 transmits the support force of the anchor 22 to the support receiving portion 25 when the upper portion of the wall body 6 is displaced to the valley side by the set amount S , the hinge coupling portion H1 , H2 and the three-hinge structure of the contact portion 9 that is the hinge coupling portion, when a load exceeding a predetermined value is applied to the roof 3 due to falling rocks or the like, stress concentrates on the rigid connection portion 12 between the lower portion of the wall body 6 and the foundation. Increasing the strength to prevent the rigid joint 12 from being plastically deformed is inefficient. When the upper portion of the wall 6 is displaced to the valley side by the set amount S or when the plastic hinge is generated in the rigid portion 12 by the displacement, the supporting means 21 is allowed. By supporting the wall body 6 on the mountain Y by means of the above, it is possible to control the displacement of the wall body 6, thereby suppressing the design strength around the rigid coupling portion 12, so that it is necessary while suppressing the proof stress of the protective structure. Strength can be obtained.

In this way, in this embodiment, corresponding to claim 1 , a load exceeding a predetermined value is applied to the roof 3 due to falling rocks, avalanches, etc., and the wall body 6 falls due to the force to fall on the anti-mountain side, and the wall body 6 The upper portion of the wall 6 is displaced to the valley side by a set amount S, and the wall body 6 falls to the valley side until the plastic hinge is generated between the lower portion of the wall body 6 and the mountain side foundation 11 or near the generation of the plastic hinge. After that, the wall 22 is supported by the anchor 22, and a stable structure is obtained as a four-hinge structure supported by the anchor 22.

In this way, in this embodiment, in response to claim 1, when a load of a predetermined level or more is applied to the roof 3 due to falling rocks, avalanches, etc. When a plastic hinge is generated between the lower portion of 6 and the mountain side base 11 or the mountain side support body is brought down to the vicinity where the plastic hinge is generated and the supporting force transmitting member 24 comes into contact with the support receiving portion 25, the anchor 22 is A stable structure is obtained as a four-hinge structure or a three-hinge structure that supports the wall body 6 and is supported by the anchor 22. After the support force transmission member 24 and the support receiving portion 25 are in contact with each other in this way, the support force transmission member 24 provided on the anchor 22 gives the wall body 6 a support force for preventing the wall body 6 from falling down. It is.

In this way, in this embodiment, in accordance with claim 2 , the roof 3 is formed by arranging a plurality of main girders 1 in the length direction and integrating them with the PC steel material 2 for side fastening, and is a roof caused by an avalanche or the like. 3 is provided with a strength that does not generate a plastic hinge at the rigid joint 12 for a predetermined load continuous in the length direction of 3. When the load is locally applied to the roof 3, the plastic hinge is provided at the place where the load is applied. Even if it occurs, a plastic hinge is not generated in the main girder 1 adjacent in the length direction, and the strength against the local load may be set. On the other hand, a continuous load is applied in the length direction of the roof 3 due to an avalanche or the like, and a plastic hinge continuous in the length direction of the roof 3 occurs or before the mountain side support body collapses to the vicinity where the plastic hinge is generated. Since the roof 3 collapses, the roof 3 can be prevented from collapsing by giving the roof 3 strength that does not generate a plastic hinge against a predetermined load that continues in the length direction of the roof due to an avalanche or the like.

  FIG. 7 shows a second embodiment of the present invention. The same reference numerals are given to the same parts as those in the first embodiment, and the detailed description thereof will be omitted. A bolt 24A as a transmission member is fixed, and 23 insertion holes on the inner surface of the wall body 6 are support receiving portions 24. A receiving plate 28 is disposed on the support receiving portion 24 side, and between the receiving plate and the bolt 24A. Is provided between the bolt 24A and the support receiving portion 25. When the wall body 6 is tilted to the mountain side, the coil spring 29 is contracted and the bolt spring 29 is provided. The support force of the anchor 22 is transmitted to the support receiving portion 25 by 24A, and the same operations and effects as in the first embodiment are achieved.

  In addition, this invention is not limited to the said Example, A various deformation | transformation implementation is possible. For example, in the embodiment, the lock shed is shown, but it can be applied to various types as long as both sides of the roof are supported by the support, and the mountain side support can be a pillar other than a continuous wall. Good. Furthermore, although the concrete protective structure was shown in the embodiment, it may be made of either precast concrete (PC) or reinforced concrete (RC), and the protective structure may be made by factory or on-site concrete. Furthermore, steel may be used in addition to concrete.

It is sectional drawing of the protection structure which shows Example 1 of this invention. It is a perspective view of the protection structure which a part was notched same as the above. It is a skeleton figure of a protection structure same as the above. It is a skeleton figure of the structure which shows the state which the lower part of the mountain side support body turned into plastic hinge same as the above. FIG. FIG. 6A is a schematic diagram of the framework. FIG. 6A shows a state where a plastic hinge is generated on the roof, and FIG. 6B shows a state where the plastic hinge is generated on the roof. It is sectional drawing around the support means which shows Example 2 of this invention.

2 PC steel for lateral fastening 3 Roof 5 Column (anti-mountain side support)
6 Wall (mountain side support)
H1 Hinge joint H2 Hinge joint 9 Contact part
10 Valley side foundation (anti-mountain side foundation)
11 Mountain side foundation
12 Rigid joint
21 Support means
22 Anchor
24 Support force transmission member (transmission means)
24A bolt (support force transmission member / transmission means)
25 Support receiving part (transmission means)
26 intervals
S Set value

Claims (2)

A protective structure that covers at least a part of an object to be protected along a mountain and supports both sides of a roof provided along the mountain by a mountain side support and an anti-mountain side support, and a lower part of the anti-mountain side support And the foundation is hinged, the upper part of the anti-mountain side support and the roof are hinged, the roof and the mountain side support are hinged, and the lower part of the mountain side support is rigidly connected to the foundation by a rigid connection part. When a load of a predetermined value or more is applied to the roof, the mountain-side support body is allowed to displace to the anti-mountain side in the rigid connection portion,
When the upper part of the mountain-side support is displaced to the anti-mountain side by a set amount, it comprises a support means for supporting the mountain-side support to the mountain ,
It said support means includes an anchor inserted through the fixed Rutotomoni the mountain side support to the mountains, before the time the upper portion of Kiyama side support is displaced only in the counter mountainside the set amount, of the anchor to the mountain side support A transmission means for transmitting support force ,
The transmission means includes a support force transmission member provided at a tip of the anchor , and a support receiving portion provided on the mountain side support body and receiving a support force by the support force transmission member, and the support force transmission member and the An interval is provided between the support receiving portion, and this interval is set corresponding to the set amount,
The protection structure according to claim 1, wherein the support force transmission member transmits the support force of the anchor to the support receiving portion when the upper portion of the mountain side support body is displaced to the anti-mountain side by the set amount . The roof is formed by arranging a plurality of main girders in the length direction and integrated with PC steel material, and generates a plastic hinge in the rigid connection portion for a predetermined load that continues in the length direction of the roof due to an avalanche or the like. claim 1 Symbol placement of protective structure, characterized in that it comprises an intensity that does not.

Images