JP4336609B2 - Transmission device for traveling vehicle - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a transmission provided in a traveling vehicle such as a tractor. In particular, the present invention relates to a linear shift type transmission.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a transmission for a traveling vehicle such as a tractor includes a main clutch in a clutch housing and a main transmission, a sub-transmission, a PTO clutch, a PTO transmission, and the like in a transmission case. In such a transmission, in the main transmission, the main transmission first speed gear, the main transmission second speed gear, the main transmission third speed gear, and the main transmission fourth speed gear are loosely fitted to the main transmission shaft, and the main transmission fourth speed A spline collar is spline-fitted between the gear and the main transmission first speed gear, and between the main transmission third speed gear and the main transmission second speed gear, via a slider that is slidably fitted to the spline collar. The color shift type switching mechanism and the synchro type transmission mechanism are configured such that the spline collar and any one of the gears are connected. Then, the slider and the transmission lever are interlocked and connected via an appropriate link mechanism, and the slider is linearly slid by the operation of the transmission lever to switch the gear stage or switch along the H-shaped lever guide. In other words, the gears are configured to perform shifting (for example, see Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2).

JP 2002-127766 A JP-A-5-69750

  However, in the transmission, if the switching mechanism for switching each gear stage of the main transmission is configured as a color shift type, it is not possible to increase the speed of the traveling vehicle that is particularly desired in trailer work or the like. It was. In other words, the conventional tractor does not have a structure in which the gear stages are connected in order, but starts from each gear stage.When a heavy load is towed, it cannot start from the high speed stage, and only low speed traveling is possible. could not. Further, in the case of a synchromesh transmission, it is possible to shift from a low speed to a high speed while traveling. However, if the gear arrangement of the transmission is four, it is necessary to provide two sets of high and low. The lever guide of the lever is H-shaped, it is difficult to make a linear arrangement, smooth operation cannot be performed, and it has to be a hydraulic clutch type or HST type, resulting in a decrease in transmission efficiency.

  The problems to be solved by the present invention are as described above. Next, means for solving the problems will be described.

In a transmission for a traveling vehicle having a main transmission (50) for manually performing multi-stage shifting, four transmission gears (41, 42, 43, 44) on a main shaft (45) are connected to a main transmission shaft (55). The main transmission second speed gear (52), the main transmission third speed gear (53), the main transmission first speed gear (51), and the main transmission fourth speed gear (54) that are loosely fitted to the main transmission, A spline collar (56) is spline-fitted on the main transmission shaft (55) between the main transmission second gear (52) and the main transmission third gear (53), and the main transmission second gear (52). And a main shift third gear (53) and a spline collar (56) constitute a color shift type switching mechanism, and a slider (57) is slidably moved in the axial direction on the spline collar (56). The shift fork (58) fitted to the slider (57). A hub (111) is coupled to the transmission lever (110) via a mechanism, and on a main transmission shaft (55) between the main transmission first gear (51) and the main transmission fourth gear (54). A spline-fitting and a main shift first speed color shift type switching mechanism is formed between the main transmission first speed gear (51) and the hub (111). The main transmission fourth speed gear (54) and the hub (111) constitutes a synchromesh type switching mechanism of a main transmission four-speed, and a slider (112) is spline-fitted to the hub (111) so as to be axially slidable. 112) and the shift fork (113) fitted to the gear shift lever (110) via the link mechanism are linked to the main transmission (50) to switch to the main speed four-speed shift stage on the highest speed side. Only the switching mechanism to be performed is configured in the synchromesh type, and to other gears The switching mechanism that performs switching is a color shift type, and the operation pattern of the transmission lever (110) of the main transmission (50) is linear in the order of “first speed → second speed → third speed → neutral → fourth speed”. It is set as the structure arrange | positioned in .

  As effects of the present invention, the following effects can be obtained.

In a transmission for a traveling vehicle having a main transmission (50) for manually performing multi-stage shifting, four transmission gears (41, 42, 43, 44) on a main shaft (45) are connected to a main transmission shaft (55). ) And the main transmission third gear (53), the main transmission first gear (51), and the main transmission fourth gear (54). A spline collar (56) is spline-fitted on the main transmission shaft (55) between the main transmission second gear (52) and the main transmission third gear (53), and the main transmission second gear (52). And a main shift third gear (53) and a spline collar (56) constitute a color shift type switching mechanism, and a slider (57) is slidably moved in the axial direction on the spline collar (56). The shift fork (58) fitted to the slider (57). A hub (111) is coupled to the transmission lever (110) via a mechanism, and on a main transmission shaft (55) between the main transmission first gear (51) and the main transmission fourth gear (54). A spline-fitting and a main shift first speed color shift type switching mechanism is formed between the main transmission first speed gear (51) and the hub (111). The main transmission fourth speed gear (54) and the hub (111) constitutes a synchromesh type switching mechanism of a main transmission four-speed, and a slider (112) is spline-fitted to the hub (111) so as to be axially slidable. 112) and the shift fork (113) fitted to the gear shift lever (110) via the link mechanism are linked to the main transmission (50) to switch to the main speed four-speed shift stage on the highest speed side. Only the switching mechanism to be performed is configured in the synchromesh type, and to other gears Since the switching mechanism for switching to a color shift, when a four-speed main transmission (50), the after starting the traveling vehicle at the third speed, without disengaging operation of the main clutch 23, The speed can be changed by smoothly switching to the fourth speed, and the speed of the traveling vehicle can be increased.

Further, the operation pattern of the transmission lever (110) of the main transmission (50) is linearly arranged in the order of “first speed → second speed → third speed → neutral → fourth speed”. The stage can be easily understood, and the gear can be changed with a simple operation.

  Next, embodiments of the invention will be described.

  1 is a side view showing an overall configuration of a tractor according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a skeleton diagram showing a driving force transmission configuration, and FIG. 3 is a side sectional view of a mission case showing a driving force transmission configuration. 4 is a side sectional view showing the main transmission, and FIG. 5 is a plan view showing the main transmission lever.

  First, a schematic configuration of a traveling vehicle employing a transmission according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described as a tractor.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a front axle is swingably disposed at a front lower portion of the body frame 2, and front wheels 4 are attached to both ends of a front axle 3 that is pivotally supported by the front axle. A mission case 5 is fixed to the rear part of the body frame 2, and a rear axle case is attached to both left and right side surfaces of the rear part of the mission case 5, and both ends of a rear axle 6 pivotally supported by the rear axle case. A rear wheel 7 is attached to the rear wheel.

  An engine 8 is placed on the front and rear halfway part of the body frame 2. A radiator 9 and a battery 10 are disposed in front of the engine 8 and are covered with a hood 11. A fuel tank 12 is disposed in the rear portion of the bonnet 11, and a dashboard 13 is disposed behind the fuel tank 12. A handle column is disposed in the dashboard 13, and a handle 14 is provided at the upper end of the handle shaft supported by the handle column. And the seat 15 is arrange | positioned behind the handle | steering-wheel 14, and the step 16 is arrange | positioned below between this seat 15 and the dashboard 13, and the driving | running | working part is comprised.

  A clutch housing is disposed at the rear of the engine 8, and the transmission case 5 is disposed at the rear of the clutch housing. Then, when the driving force from the engine 8 is transmitted to the rear wheel 7 through the transmission including the main clutch 23 provided in the clutch housing, the main transmission 50 provided in the transmission case 5, the auxiliary transmission 80, and the like. At the same time, it is configured to be transmitted to the front wheels 4 via the four-wheel drive / front-wheel acceleration drive switching mechanism 100. The driving force of the engine 8 is also transmitted to the PTO shaft 48 protruding from the rear end of the transmission case 5, and the rear end of the vehicle is connected to the PTO shaft 48 via a universal joint, a transmission shaft, or the like. The driving force can be transmitted to the work machine 49 mounted on the work machine mounting apparatus.

  Next, the configuration of the driving force transmission system of the transmission will be described with reference to FIGS. An output shaft 21 projects rearward from the engine 8 and an output shaft 22 supported by a clutch housing on the output shaft 21 is connected to a concentric shaft via a multi-plate main clutch 23. The output shaft 22 extends rearward from the main clutch 23, and a PTO clutch shaft 35 is disposed on the concentric shaft further rearward thereof.

  A transmission gear 33 is disposed on the rear end of the output shaft 22, and a PTO first speed gear 31, a PTO second speed gear 32, and a PTO reverse gear 34 are loosely fitted on the front end of the PTO clutch shaft 35. Of these gears 31, 32, 33, and 34, the PTO transmission gears 31 and 32 and the transmission gear 33 are respectively meshed with transmission gears 41, 42, and 44 fixed or formed on the main shaft 45, and PTO reverse gears 34 is meshed with the transmission gear 43 via the counter gear 36.

  A slider 38 is spline-fitted to the PTO clutch shaft 35 between the PTO first speed gear 31 and the PTO second speed gear 32 so as to be slidable in the axial direction, and between the PTO reverse gear 34 and the transmission gear 33. The slider 39 is spline-fitted through the spline collar so as to be slidable in the axial direction. The sliders 38 and 39 are interlocked and connected to a PTO speed change lever disposed in the driving section through an appropriate link mechanism.

  The PTO first speed gear 31, the PTO second speed gear 32, the PTO reverse gear 34, and the transmission gear 33 are formed with spline portions that can be splined to the sliders 38 and 39, respectively, and the slider 38 is operated by operating the PTO speed change lever. -39 is configured to slide in the axial direction and to be spline-fitted with the spline portion of any one of the PTO first gear 31, PTO second gear 32, PTO reverse gear 34, and transmission gear 33. Has been. Thus, the PTO transmission 30 is configured, and the driving force of the output shaft 22 is transmitted from the transmission gear 33 on the output shaft 22 or from any one of the gears 31, 32, and 33 on the PTO clutch shaft 35. It is output to the PTO clutch shaft 35. When the PTO shift lever is in the neutral position, no driving force is transmitted to the PTO clutch shaft 35.

  A gear 46 is fixed to the rear end of the PTO clutch shaft 35, and a gear 47 fixed to the front end of the PTO shaft 48 is engaged with the gear 46. The rear end of the PTO shaft 48 protrudes rearward from the mission case 5 and is connected to the input shaft of a work machine 49 connected to the rear end of the machine body via a universal joint or a transmission shaft.

  The four transmission gears 41, 42, 43, 44 on the main shaft 45 are a main transmission second speed gear 52, a main transmission third speed gear 53, a main transmission first speed gear 51, The gears are respectively meshed with the transmission fourth gear 54. As shown in FIG. 4, a spline collar 56 is spline-fitted between the main transmission second gear 52 and the main transmission third gear 53, and the main transmission second gear 52, the main transmission third gear 53, and the spline collar. 56 is a color shift type switching mechanism. In the color shift type switching mechanism, a slider 57 is spline-fitted to the spline collar 56 so as to be slidable in the axial direction, and a shift fork 58 fitted to the slider 57 is disposed in the operating section via a link mechanism. The main transmission lever 110 is linked and connected. The main transmission second speed gear 52 and the main transmission third speed gear 53 are respectively formed with spline portions 52a and 53a that can be splined to the slider 57, and the slider 57 slides in the axial direction by the operation of the main transmission lever 110. The main transmission second speed gear 52 and the main transmission third speed gear 53 are configured to be spline-fitted to the spline portions 52a and 53a of one of the gears.

  Further, between the main transmission first speed gear 51 and the main transmission fourth speed gear 54, the hub 111 is spline-fitted to the main transmission shaft 55, and the color shift type between the main transmission first speed gear 51 and the hub 111. (Or a gear meshing type) switching mechanism is configured, and a synchromesh type switching mechanism is configured between the main transmission fourth speed gear 54 and the hub 111. A slider 112 is spline-fitted to the hub 111 so as to be slidable in the axial direction, and a shift fork 113 fitted to the slider 112 is linked to the main transmission lever 110 via a link mechanism.

  A plurality of key grooves are formed on the outer periphery of the hub 111, and a synchronizer key 114 is fitted in each key groove. A spring 115 is interposed between the synchronizer key 114 and the hub 111, and the synchronizer key 114 is pressed into a groove formed in the slider 112 by the spring 115.

  In the color shift type switching mechanism between the main transmission first speed gear 51 and the hub 111, the main transmission first speed gear 51 is formed with a spline portion 51 a that can be splined to the slider 112. The slider 112 is slid in the axial direction by the above operation, and is configured to be spline fitted to the spline portion 51 a of the main transmission first speed gear 51.

  As described above, when shifting to the first speed, the second speed, or the third speed, the shift stage is switched by the color shift type switching mechanism. That is, when shifting to the first speed, if the slider 112 is moved to the main transmission first speed gear 51 side by operating the main transmission lever 110, the slider 112 is splined to the spline portion 51a of the main transmission first speed gear 51. Thus, the gear position is switched to the first speed, and the driving force from the engine 8 is transmitted in the order of the main shaft 45, the transmission gear 43, the main transmission first speed gear 51, the spline portion 51a, the slider 112, the hub 111, and the main transmission shaft 55. Is done. Similarly, when shifting to the second speed or the third speed, the slider 57 is moved to the main transmission second speed gear 52 side or the main transmission third speed gear 53 side by operating the main transmission lever 110 to move the slider 57 to the main transmission second speed. By engaging the spline portion 52a of the gear 52 or the spline portion 53a of the main transmission third speed gear 53 with the spline, the gear position is switched to the second speed or the third speed.

  On the other hand, in the synchromesh type switching mechanism between the main transmission fourth speed gear 54 and the hub 111, the main transmission fourth speed gear 54 is formed with a spline portion 54a that can be splined to the slider 112, and the spline portion 54a. The synchronizer ring 116 is disposed between the slider 112 and the slider 112. The synchronizer ring 116 is loosely fitted to the cone portion 54b of the main transmission fourth speed gear 54 so that the spline portion 116a formed on the outer periphery can be fitted to the slider 112, and the inner peripheral surface is in contact with the cone portion 54b. It is configured to be possible. The end portions of the synchronizer keys 114 are always fitted in the plurality of grooves 116 b provided in the circumferential direction of the synchronizer ring 116.

  In such a configuration, when shifting to the fourth speed, if the slider 112 is moved to the main transmission fourth speed gear 54 side by operating the main transmission lever 110, the synchronizer key 114 is also moved together with the slider 112. Moving to the speed gear 54 side, the synchronizer key 114 pushes the synchronizer ring 116, and the synchronizer ring 116 pushes the cone portion 54 b of the main transmission fourth speed gear 54. At this time, a frictional force is generated between the synchronizer ring 116 and the cone portion 54b of the main transmission fourth speed gear 54 due to a rotational difference between the synchronizer ring 116 and the main transmission fourth speed gear 54. A synchronizer key in which the driving force of the main transmission fourth speed gear 54 rotates integrally with the main transmission shaft 55 via the synchronizer ring 116 due to the engagement between the end of the neutralizer key 114 and the groove 116b of the synchronizer ring 116. 114, transmitted to the hub 111, and the main transmission shaft 55 starts to rotate.

  When the slider 112 is further moved, the slider 112 and the synchronizer key 114 are disengaged, and when the synchronization is completed, the slider 112 remains spline-fitted to the spline portion 116a of the synchronizer ring 116. The spline is engaged with the spline portion 54 a of the main transmission fourth speed gear 54. As a result, switching of the gear stage to the fourth speed is completed, and the driving force from the engine 8 is transmitted in the order of the transmission gear 44, the main transmission fourth speed gear 54, the spline portion 54a, the slider 112, the hub 111, and the main transmission shaft 55. Is done.

  Thus, the four-speed main transmission 50 is configured, and the driving force from the engine 8 is output to any one of the gears 31, 32, 33, and 34 on the main transmission shaft as described above. The driving force after the shift is output from the gear to the main transmission shaft 55. When the main transmission lever 110 is in the neutral position, the sliders 57 and 112 do not mesh with any of the spline portions 31a, 32a, 33a, and 34a of the gears 31, 32, 33, and 34 on the main transmission shaft 55. No driving force is transmitted to the transmission shaft 55.

The main transmission shaft 55 is extended forward, and a forward rotation side gear 61 and a reverse rotation side gear 62 are loosely fitted to the extended portion. A gear 71 fixed to the transmission shaft 74 is engaged with the forward rotation side gear 61. On the other hand, a counter gear 64 fixed to the counter shaft 63 is engaged with the reverse gear 62, and a gear 72 fixed to the transmission shaft 74 is engaged with the counter gear 64.

  A hub is fixed on the main transmission shaft 55 between the forward rotation side gear 61 and the reverse rotation side gear 62, and a synchromesh type gear is provided between the normal rotation side gear 61, the reverse rotation side gear 62 and the hub. A switching mechanism is configured. In the synchromesh type switching mechanism, a slider 65 is spline-fitted to the hub so as to be slidable in the axial direction, and a reverser lever is linked to the slider 65 via an appropriate link mechanism. The slider 65 is slid in the axial direction by the operation of the reverser lever, and can be engaged with a spline portion formed on the forward rotation side gear 61 or the reverse rotation side gear 62. In this way, the forward / reverse switching device 60 is configured, and when the driving force of the main transmission shaft 24 is spline-fitted to the spline portion of the normal rotation side gear 61, the transmission shaft is transmitted from the normal rotation side gear 61. On the contrary, when the slider 65 is spline-fitted to the spline portion of the reverse rotation side gear 62, it is output from the reverse rotation side gear 62 to the transmission shaft 74 via the counter shaft 63, and the transmission force is transmitted by the driving force. 74 rotates in the reverse direction. However, when the reverser lever is in the neutral position, the driving force is not transmitted to both the gears 61 and 62.

  The transmission shaft 74 is fixedly provided with the gears 71 and 72, the forward rotation side gear 61 is engaged with the gear 71, and the auxiliary transmission second speed gear 82 that is loosely fitted to the auxiliary transmission shaft 83 is engaged. Has been. Further, a sub transmission shifter 81 is spline fitted to the sub transmission shaft 83 so as to be slidable in the axial direction, and the sub transmission lever is linked to the sub transmission shifter 81 through an appropriate link mechanism.

  In the auxiliary transmission shifter 81, a spline portion formed at the rear portion of the auxiliary transmission second gear 82 and a spline portion that can be splined are formed at the front portion, while a gear 73 on the transmission shaft 74 is formed at the rear portion. A meshable auxiliary transmission first gear 81a is provided, and the auxiliary transmission shifter 81 slides in the axial direction by operation of the auxiliary transmission lever, and the spline portion is splined with the spline portion of the auxiliary transmission second speed gear 82. Alternatively, the auxiliary first speed gear 81 a is configured to mesh with the gear 73. Thus, the two-speed sub-transmission device 80 is configured, and the driving force of the transmission shaft 74 is output to one of the gears 81a and 82 on the sub-transmission shaft 83, and the transmission shaft 74 shifts from the gear. The subsequent driving force is output to the auxiliary transmission shaft 83.

  Further, gears 84, 85, and 86 are fixed to the auxiliary transmission shaft 83, and of these gears 84, 85, and 86, the gear 86 disposed at the rear end of the auxiliary transmission shaft 83 has a rear wheel 7 side. The gear 92 of the differential device 91 is engaged. The rear axle 6 is connected to the output shaft 93 of the differential device 91 via gears 94 and 95, and a brake device 96 is provided. Thus, the driving force of the auxiliary transmission shaft 83 is input to the differential device 91, and the rear wheel 7 is driven by the driving force output from the output shaft 93.

  Of the gears 84, 85, and 86, the gears 84 and 85 are meshed with the gears 101 and 102 that are loosely fitted to the front wheel drive output shaft 103, respectively, The driving force of the transmission shaft 83 is input to the front wheel drive output shaft 103 via one of the gears 101 and 102. Then, the driving force from the front wheel drive output shaft 103 is input to the front wheel side differential device 106 via the front wheel transmission shaft 104, the universal joint, etc., and the front wheels 4 are driven by the driving force output from the output shaft. It is configured to be.

  As described above, in the transmission according to the present invention, in the main transmission 50 that manually performs multi-stage shifting, switching to the highest speed shift stage, in this embodiment, switching from the third speed to the fourth speed. Since only the mechanism is configured as a synchromesh type and the switching mechanism for switching to another gear stage is configured as a color shift type, after the traveling vehicle is started at the third speed, the main clutch 23 is smoothly operated without being operated. The speed can be changed by switching to the fourth speed, and the speed of the traveling vehicle can be increased.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 5, the shift pattern of the main transmission lever 110 of the main transmission 50 is linearly arranged in the order of 1st speed−2nd speed−3rd speed−neutral−4th speed. Is inserted into the long hole 118a of the lever guide 118 and rotated in a straight line so as to change gears, so that the gear position can be easily understood and the gears can be changed with a simple operation. However, a neutral can be arranged between the first speed and the second speed.

The side view which showed the whole structure of the tractor which concerns on one Example of this invention. The skeleton figure which shows a driving force transmission structure. Side surface sectional drawing of the mission case which shows a driving force transmission structure. Side surface sectional drawing which shows a main transmission. The top view which shows a main gearshift lever.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 50 Main transmission 51 Main transmission first speed gear 52 Main transmission second speed gear 53 Main transmission third speed gear 54 Main transmission fourth speed gear 55 Main transmission shaft 56 Spline collar 57 Slider 111 Hub 112 Slider 116 Synchronizer ring

Claims (1)

In a transmission for a traveling vehicle having a main transmission (50) for manually performing multi-stage shifting, four transmission gears (41, 42, 43, 44) on a main shaft (45) are connected to a main transmission shaft (55). The main transmission second speed gear (52), the main transmission third speed gear (53), the main transmission first speed gear (51), and the main transmission fourth speed gear (54) that are loosely fitted to the main transmission, A spline collar (56) is spline-fitted on the main transmission shaft (55) between the main transmission second gear (52) and the main transmission third gear (53), and the main transmission second gear (52). And a main shift third gear (53) and a spline collar (56) constitute a color shift type switching mechanism, and a slider (57) is slidably moved in the axial direction on the spline collar (56). The shift fork (58) fitted to the slider (57). A hub (111) is coupled to the transmission lever (110) via a mechanism, and on a main transmission shaft (55) between the main transmission first gear (51) and the main transmission fourth gear (54). A spline-fitting and a main shift first speed color shift type switching mechanism is formed between the main transmission first speed gear (51) and the hub (111). The main transmission fourth speed gear (54) and the hub (111) constitutes a synchromesh type switching mechanism of a main transmission four-speed, and a slider (112) is spline-fitted to the hub (111) so as to be axially slidable. 112) and the shift fork (113) fitted to the gear shift lever (110) via the link mechanism are linked to the main transmission (50) to switch to the main speed four-speed shift stage on the highest speed side. Only the switching mechanism to be performed is configured in the synchromesh type, and to other gears The switching mechanism that performs switching is a color shift type, and the operation pattern of the transmission lever (110) of the main transmission (50) is linear in the order of “first speed → second speed → third speed → neutral → fourth speed”. A transmission device for a traveling vehicle, characterized in that the transmission device is disposed in the vehicle.

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