JP4324326B2 - ポリハライド粒子及びそれを含むライトバルブ - Google Patents
ポリハライド粒子及びそれを含むライトバルブ Download PDFInfo
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- JP4324326B2 JP4324326B2 JP2000559377A JP2000559377A JP4324326B2 JP 4324326 B2 JP4324326 B2 JP 4324326B2 JP 2000559377 A JP2000559377 A JP 2000559377A JP 2000559377 A JP2000559377 A JP 2000559377A JP 4324326 B2 JP4324326 B2 JP 4324326B2
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims description 81
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- -1 ammonium halide Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910001508 alkali metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000008045 alkali metal halides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910001615 alkaline earth metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- GMIOYJQLNFNGPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid Chemical group OC(=O)C1=CN=C(C(O)=O)C=N1 GMIOYJQLNFNGPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004683 dihydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004682 monohydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 claims 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 80
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 16
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 14
- MLFHJEHSLIIPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoamyl acetate Chemical compound CC(C)CCOC(C)=O MLFHJEHSLIIPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229930013930 alkaloid Natural products 0.000 description 7
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000009281 ultraviolet germicidal irradiation Methods 0.000 description 7
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000003797 alkaloid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- LOUPRKONTZGTKE-WZBLMQSHSA-N Quinine Chemical class C([C@H]([C@H](C1)C=C)C2)C[N@@]1[C@@H]2[C@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OC)C=C21 LOUPRKONTZGTKE-WZBLMQSHSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 5
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AOGQPLXWSUTHQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCCCOC(C)=O AOGQPLXWSUTHQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- NHTJPSWLHXHXSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methoxycarbonylpyrazine-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CN=C(C(O)=O)C=N1 NHTJPSWLHXHXSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OCLTZILENWBWIY-HKPQTANOSA-N (r)-[(2s,4s,5r)-5-ethenyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-(6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)methanol;molecular iodine;sulfuric acid;dihydroiodide Chemical compound I.I.II.II.OS(O)(=O)=O.OS(O)(=O)=O.OS(O)(=O)=O.C([C@H]([C@H](C1)C=C)C2)CN1[C@@H]2[C@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OC)C=C21.C([C@H]([C@H](C1)C=C)C2)CN1[C@@H]2[C@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OC)C=C21.C([C@H]([C@H](C1)C=C)C2)CN1[C@@H]2[C@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OC)C=C21.C([C@H]([C@H](C1)C=C)C2)CN1[C@@H]2[C@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OC)C=C21 OCLTZILENWBWIY-HKPQTANOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LAIIMPXBJWTXFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-diethyl-1H-pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound CCC1=CNC(C(=N1)C(=O)O)(CC)C(=O)O LAIIMPXBJWTXFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MEUJRSFWOVYXNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-ethoxycarbonylpyrazine-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CN=C(C(O)=O)C=N1 MEUJRSFWOVYXNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MMTIRBWGNHPVBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-propan-2-yloxycarbonylpyrazine-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)C1=CN=C(C(O)=O)C=N1 MMTIRBWGNHPVBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UNMYWSMUMWPJLR-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium iodide Chemical compound [Ca+2].[I-].[I-] UNMYWSMUMWPJLR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001640 calcium iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- GVEVNOSZLMMBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.OC(=O)C1=CN=C(C(O)=O)C=N1 GVEVNOSZLMMBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thionyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)=O FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WFJNHVWTKZUUTR-KODHJQJWSA-N (r)-[(2s,4s,5r)-5-ethyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-quinolin-4-ylmethanol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C([C@@H](O)[C@@H]3C[C@@H]4CCN3C[C@@H]4CC)=CC=NC2=C1 WFJNHVWTKZUUTR-KODHJQJWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XEZNGIUYQVAUSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 18-crown-6 Chemical compound C1COCCOCCOCCOCCOCCO1 XEZNGIUYQVAUSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PLXOUIVCSUBZIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluorobutyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)COC(=O)C=C PLXOUIVCSUBZIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OOLITNWGXPZHEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-di(propan-2-yl)-1H-pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CNC(C(=N1)C(=O)O)(C(C)C)C(=O)O OOLITNWGXPZHEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DUVNMBBNWFHFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound CC1=CNC(C(=N1)C(=O)O)(C)C(=O)O DUVNMBBNWFHFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAZONJFSXPVSAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dioctyl-1H-pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC1=CNC(CCCCCCCC)(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=N1 JAZONJFSXPVSAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FLTYRCPMQOTKQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-octoxycarbonylpyrazine-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CN=C(C(O)=O)C=N1 FLTYRCPMQOTKQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005653 Brownian motion process Effects 0.000 description 1
- KTOKRKHVAISNAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C(=N1)C=N2 Chemical compound C1=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C(=N1)C=N2 KTOKRKHVAISNAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000001258 Cinchona calisaya Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HEHLNZCONYVVDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O.O.N1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(=O)O)C(=O)O Chemical compound O.O.N1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(=O)O)C(=O)O HEHLNZCONYVVDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940042776 anhydrous calcium iodide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005537 brownian motion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940046413 calcium iodide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- LOUPRKONTZGTKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N cinchonine Natural products C1C(C(C2)C=C)CCN2C1C(O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OC)C=C21 LOUPRKONTZGTKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- WFJNHVWTKZUUTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydrocinchonidine Natural products C1=CC=C2C(C(O)C3CC4CCN3CC4CC)=CC=NC2=C1 WFJNHVWTKZUUTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 1
- WEHWNAOGRSTTBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylamine Chemical compound CCCNCCC WEHWNAOGRSTTBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011874 heated mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012456 homogeneous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVPMIMZXDYBCDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocinchomeronic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)N=C1 LVPMIMZXDYBCDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- PSHKMPUSSFXUIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylpyridin-2-amine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=CC=N1 PSHKMPUSSFXUIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011146 organic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NIPZZXUFJPQHNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CN=CC=N1 NIPZZXUFJPQHNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000948 quinine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001463 quinine bisulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RONWGALEIBILOG-VMJVVOMYSA-N quinine sulfate Chemical group [H+].[H+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.C([C@H]([C@H](C1)C=C)C2)C[N@@]1[C@@H]2[C@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OC)C=C21.C([C@H]([C@H](C1)C=C)C2)C[N@@]1[C@@H]2[C@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OC)C=C21 RONWGALEIBILOG-VMJVVOMYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000635 valve cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/03—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect
- G02F1/055—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect the active material being a ceramic
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/0009—Materials therefor
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Polymers With Sulfur, Phosphorus Or Metals In The Main Chain (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US9233198P | 1998-07-09 | 1998-07-09 | |
| US60/092,331 | 1998-07-09 | ||
| PCT/US1999/015564 WO2000003178A1 (en) | 1998-07-09 | 1999-07-09 | Polyhalide particles and light valves comprising same |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2002520646A JP2002520646A (ja) | 2002-07-09 |
| JP2002520646A5 JP2002520646A5 (https=) | 2006-05-25 |
| JP4324326B2 true JP4324326B2 (ja) | 2009-09-02 |
Family
ID=22232719
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000559377A Expired - Fee Related JP4324326B2 (ja) | 1998-07-09 | 1999-07-09 | ポリハライド粒子及びそれを含むライトバルブ |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1105775B1 (https=) |
| JP (1) | JP4324326B2 (https=) |
| KR (1) | KR100399717B1 (https=) |
| AT (1) | ATE338965T1 (https=) |
| AU (1) | AU4981099A (https=) |
| CA (1) | CA2336347C (https=) |
| DE (1) | DE69933127T2 (https=) |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5002701A (en) * | 1989-02-10 | 1991-03-26 | Research Frontiers Incorporated | Light polarizing materials and suspensions thereof |
| US5516463A (en) * | 1993-07-21 | 1996-05-14 | Research Frontiers Incorporated | Method of making light-polarizing particles |
-
1999
- 1999-07-09 AU AU49810/99A patent/AU4981099A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-07-09 AT AT99933841T patent/ATE338965T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-07-09 CA CA002336347A patent/CA2336347C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-07-09 JP JP2000559377A patent/JP4324326B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-07-09 KR KR10-2001-7000271A patent/KR100399717B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-07-09 EP EP99933841A patent/EP1105775B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-07-09 DE DE69933127T patent/DE69933127T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1105775A4 (en) | 2005-04-13 |
| CA2336347A1 (en) | 2000-01-20 |
| EP1105775B1 (en) | 2006-09-06 |
| DE69933127D1 (de) | 2006-10-19 |
| EP1105775A1 (en) | 2001-06-13 |
| KR100399717B1 (ko) | 2003-09-29 |
| JP2002520646A (ja) | 2002-07-09 |
| KR20010071781A (ko) | 2001-07-31 |
| CA2336347C (en) | 2004-11-23 |
| ATE338965T1 (de) | 2006-09-15 |
| AU4981099A (en) | 2000-02-01 |
| DE69933127T2 (de) | 2007-03-08 |
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