JP4322039B2 - Bone plate - Google Patents

Bone plate Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4322039B2
JP4322039B2 JP2003112809A JP2003112809A JP4322039B2 JP 4322039 B2 JP4322039 B2 JP 4322039B2 JP 2003112809 A JP2003112809 A JP 2003112809A JP 2003112809 A JP2003112809 A JP 2003112809A JP 4322039 B2 JP4322039 B2 JP 4322039B2
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bone
plate
head
hole
screw
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JP2004313514A (en
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伝重 長田
誠一 柳田
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Mizuho Ika Kogyo KK
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Mizuho Ika Kogyo KK
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/80Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates
    • A61B17/8052Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates immobilised relative to screws by interlocking form of the heads and plate holes, e.g. conical or threaded
    • A61B17/8057Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates immobilised relative to screws by interlocking form of the heads and plate holes, e.g. conical or threaded the interlocking form comprising a thread
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/80Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates
    • A61B17/8061Cortical plates, i.e. bone plates; Instruments for holding or positioning cortical plates, or for compressing bones attached to cortical plates specially adapted for particular bones

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Neurology (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、橈骨等の骨折部に取り付けられる骨プレートに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
橈骨の遠位端部(心臓から遠い方の端部)、上腕骨の近位端部(心臓に近い方の端部)等は骨折しやすく、従来これらの骨折の治療に骨プレートが用いられている。この骨プレートは、骨の幹部に当てられる幹板部と、骨の遠位端部又は近位端部に当てられる頭板部とを備えており、幹板部と頭板部のそれぞれに骨ネジ又は骨ピンを挿入するための貫通穴が形成されている。例えば、橈骨の遠位端部の骨折を治療する場合は、骨折線を跨ぐように骨プレートの頭板部と幹板部を橈骨の遠位端部と幹部に当て、貫通穴に骨ネジや骨ピンを通して橈骨に埋め込み、骨プレートを介して遠位端部の骨断片を幹部に固定する(例えば、特許文献1参照。)。
【0003】
また、骨プレートの幹板部にはその長手方向に伸びる長穴の貫通穴が形成されている(例えば、特許文献1参照。)。骨折線を跨ぐように骨プレートの頭板部と幹板部を橈骨の遠位端部と幹部に当て、長穴の貫通穴に骨ネジを通して橈骨に緩く埋め込んだ後、遠位端部と幹部とに引張力を加えると、腱、筋肉による引張力に抗して骨ネジの頭部が長穴内をスライドし遠位端部が骨折線を挟んで幹部から適正な位置に位置決めされる。その後、骨ネジを強く締め付けると、遠位端部と幹部が正常な位置関係で骨プレートに固定され、これにより骨の萎縮が防止される。
【0004】
【特許文献1】
特表2000−512186号公報
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従来における骨プレートの貫通穴に通す骨ネジは骨プレート上への突出量を少なくするためその頭部を皿頭とし、貫通穴は皿穴としている。そのため、骨ネジを骨にねじ込んだ場合に、骨ネジの皿頭が皿穴に合致しないときは骨プレートと骨との間に無理な力がかかり、骨折部を適正に固定し難くなる場合がある。また、骨ネジの皿頭を皿穴に合致させようとすると、骨ネジの向きに制約を受け骨断片に骨ネジを通しにくくなる場合がある。
【0006】
また、腱等の引っ張りに抗して骨ネジの頭部を長穴内でスライドさせ遠位端部の骨断片と幹部とを適正位置まで引き離す場合は、腱等の引っ張りに抗して骨断片を保持しつつ骨ネジを回す操作をしなければならないので、作業が面倒であり、しかも骨ネジをねじ込む際に骨断片又は幹部が正常位置からずれるおそれがある。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するため、請求項1に係る発明は、骨(2)の幹部(2a)に当てられる幹板部(1a,15a)と、骨(2)の遠位端部(2b)又は近位端部に当てられる頭板部(1b,15b)とを備え、幹板部(1a,15a)と頭板部(1b,15b)のそれぞれに骨ネジ(4,5)又は骨ピン(3)を挿入するための複数個の貫通穴(11,12,13)が列状に形成された骨プレート(1,15)において、幹板部(1a,15a)における貫通穴(11,12)の入口側に凹状座面(11a,12a)が形成され、頭板部(1b,15b)における複数個の貫通穴(13)の入口側には凹状座面(13a)が形成され、出口側には雌ネジ(13b)が形成され、球状凸面(10)が頭部(5c)の下面に形成された骨ネジ(5)又は骨ピンの軸部(5a)がこの貫通穴(13)に遊貫される場合は頭部(5c)の球状凸面(10)が上記凹状座面(13a)に滑動自在に嵌り込むようにし、雄ネジ(7)が頭部(3c,4c)の側面に形成された骨ネジ(4)又は骨ピン(3)の軸部(4a,3a)が頭板部の貫通穴(13)に遊貫される場合は頭部(3c,4c)の雄ネジ(7)が上記雌ネジ(13b)に螺合するようにした骨プレート(1,15)を採用する。
【0008】
この請求項1に係る発明によれば、骨プレート(1,15)の幹板部(1a,15a)と頭板部(1b,15b)を骨(2)の幹部(2a)と遠位端部(2b)又は近位端部に当てたうえで、骨ネジ(4,5)又は骨ピン(3)を各部の貫通穴(11,12,13)から骨(2)に通すことにより、骨折した遠位端部(2b)又は近位端部を幹部(2a)に接合することができる。骨ネジ(5)又は骨ピンとして頭部(5c)の下面に球状凸面(10)が形成されたものを用いる場合は、その軸部(5a)を貫通穴(13)に遊貫せしめ骨(2)に通すと、頭部(5c)の球状凸面(10)が骨プレート(1,15)の凹状座面(11a,12a,13a)に滑動自在に嵌り込むので、骨ネジ(5)又は骨ピンの向きを自在に決定して骨断片(2c)を捕捉することができ、頭部(5c)の骨プレート(1,15)上への突出量も低減する。また、骨ネジ(4)又は骨ピン(3)として頭部(4c,3c)の側面に雄ネジ(7)が形成されたものを用いる場合は、その軸部(4a,3a)を貫通穴(13)に遊貫せしめ骨(2)に通すと、頭部(4c,3c)の雄ネジ(7)を骨プレート(1,15)の雌ネジ(13b)に螺合させることができるので、骨ネジ(4)又は骨ピン(3)を骨プレート(1,15)に一定の位置及び姿勢で固定することができる。
【0009】
また、請求項2に係る発明は、請求項1に記載の骨プレート(15)において、頭板部(15b)が幹板部(15a)に対して10度〜30度の角度で反っている骨プレート(15)を採用する。
【0010】
この請求項2に係る発明によれば、頭板部(15b)が幹板部(15a)に対して反り角(θ)が10度〜30度となるように反っているので、例えば橈骨(2)の遠位端部(2b)と幹部(2a)の表面に沿うように骨プレート(15)を当てることができ、骨(2)を適正に固定することができる。
【0011】
また、請求項3に係る発明は、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の骨プレート(1,15)において、幹板部(1a,15a)に形成される少なくとも一個の貫通穴(12)が幹板部(1a,15a)の長手方向に伸びる長穴として形成され、この長穴の入口側の凹状座面(12a)が上記頭板部(1b,15b)から離れるに連れて徐々に深くなるように形成された骨プレート(1,15)を採用する。
【0012】
この請求項3に係る発明によれば、骨ネジ(5)の軸部(5a)を貫通穴(12)に凹状座面(12a)の浅い箇所から遊貫せしめて骨(2)に仮止めし、その後骨ネジ(5)をきつく締め付けると、骨ネジ(5)の頭部(5c)の球状凸面(10)が貫通穴(12)の長穴内を反頭板部側にスライドし、骨ネジ(5)が腱等による引っ張り力に抗するように幹部(2a)を遠位端部(2b)又は近位端部から適正距離だけ引き離し、同時に骨ネジ(5)の頭部(5c)が凹状座面(12a)の深い箇所に嵌まり込んで停止する。従って、骨ネジ(5)を締め付ける作業と、幹部(2a)を遠位端部(2b)又は近位端部から引き離す作業とが同時に行われることとなり、骨折の治療が円滑化される。
【0013】
また、請求項4に係る発明は、請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれかに記載の骨プレート(1,15)において、凹状座面(11a,12a,13a)が球面形とされた骨プレートを採用する。
【0014】
この請求項4に係る発明によれば、凹状座面(11a,12a,13a)が球面形であるから、骨ネジ(5)又は骨ピンの頭部(5c)が凹状座面(11a,12a,13a)上で滑動し、従って軸部(5a)を所望の向きに通して骨断片(2c)を捕捉しやすくなり、また、骨ネジ(5)又は骨ピンの頭部(5c)が骨プレート(1,15)の表面から大きく突出しないようにすることができる。
【0015】
また、請求項5に係る発明は、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の骨プレートにおいて、頭板部(1b,15b)に仮止めピンを挿入する仮止め孔(14)が設けられた骨プレート(1,15)を採用する。
【0016】
この請求項5に係る発明によれば、骨ネジ(4,5)又は骨ピン(3)の装着に先立ち仮止め孔(14)から骨(2)の遠位端部(2b)又は近位端部に仮止めピンを通し、遠位端部(2b)又は近位端部を骨プレート(1,15)に仮止めすることができるので、骨ネジ(4,5)又は骨ピン(3)を骨(2)及び骨プレート(1,15)に正確に装着することができる。
【0017】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態について図面を参照して説明する。
【0018】
<実施の形態1>
図1及び図2に例示する骨プレート1は、図10に示すように、左手の橈骨2における遠位端部2bの骨折を治療するためのもので、橈骨2の幹部2aに当てられる幹板部1aと、橈骨2の遠位端部2bに当てられる頭板部1bとを備える。幹板部1aと頭板部1bは略T字形を呈するように連なり、全体として一枚の薄い金属板で形成される。金属材料としては骨の弾性係数に近い例えば純チタンやチタン合金が使用される。この骨プレート1は図3乃至図5に示すような形状の骨ネジ4,5、骨ピン3を用いることで骨折線Aを跨ぐように骨に固定され、これにより骨同士が繋ぎ合わせられる。
【0019】
図3乃至図5は、骨プレート1の固定に用いられる各種の骨ネジ、骨ピンを示す。
【0020】
図3に示す骨ピン3の軸部3aは平滑な表面を有し凸状の先端3bを有する。頭部3cは軸部3aの後端上で膨出し、頭部3cの上端にはこの骨ピン3を操作する際にドライバ等の工具(図示せず)を係止するための係止溝6が形成され、頭部3cの周面の下半分には骨プレート1に螺合する雄ネジ7が形成される。係止溝6は六角孔、八角孔、星型孔等であってもよい。
【0021】
図4に示す第一の骨ネジ4の軸部4aは骨に螺入するための雄ネジ8を周面に有し、凸状の先端4bを有する。凸状の先端4bにはタッピング溝9が必要に応じて形成される。頭部4cは骨ピン3と同様に、軸部4aの後端上で膨出し、頭部4cの上端にはこの骨ネジ4を回転操作する際に工具を係止するための係止溝6が形成され、頭部4cの周面の下半分には骨プレート1に螺合する雄ネジ7が形成される。係止溝6は六角孔、八角孔、星型孔等であってもよい。
【0022】
図5に示す第二の骨ネジ5の軸部5aは、第一の骨ネジ4と同様に、骨に螺入するための雄ネジ8を周面に有し、凸状の先端5bを有する。凸状の先端5bにはタッピング溝9が必要に応じて形成される。頭部5cは軸部5aの後端上で膨出し、頭部5cの上端にはこの骨ネジ5を回転操作する際に工具を係止するための係止溝6が形成され、頭部5cの下面には球状凸面10が形成される。球状凸面10はその中心点が軸部5aの軸心上に来るように形成される。係止溝6は六角孔、八角孔、星型孔等であってもよい。
【0023】
上記骨ネジ4,5又は骨ピン3としては互いに大きさや形状の異なるものが用意される。例えば、後述するように骨プレート1の幹板部1aと頭板部1bにはそれぞれ異なる径の貫通穴が形成されるが、各径に応じた大きさの骨ネジ4,5や骨ピン3が用意される。また、図3乃至図5に示したもの以外の形状を有した骨ネジや骨ピンも使用可能であり、例えば図5に示す第二の骨ネジ5から軸部5aの雄ネジ8を除去した構成の骨ピンを使用することも可能である。
【0024】
図1及び図2に示すように、骨プレート1の幹板部1aと頭板部1bには、それぞれ骨ネジ4,5又は骨ピン3を挿入するための少なくとも一個の貫通穴が形成される。この実施の形態では、幹板部1aに三個の第一の貫通穴11と一個の第二の貫通穴12とが長手方向に所定の間隔で一列に形成され、頭板部1bには橈骨2の遠位端部2bに沿うように四個の第三の貫通穴13が所定の間隔で形成されると共に幹板部1a側に二個の第三の貫通穴13が所定の間隔で形成される。これらの貫通穴13の個数、形状、位置等は任意に変更可能である。
【0025】
第一の貫通穴11は、図1及び図2に示すように、第二の貫通穴12を間に置くように一列に所定の間隔で配置されるが、必要に応じて複数列で或いは千鳥形で配置される。第一の貫通穴11は各種の骨ネジ又は骨ピンの軸部が遊貫可能に形成されるが、この実施の形態では図5に示す第二の骨ネジ5を通すように形成される。この第一の貫通穴11は第二の骨ネジ5の軸部5aとの間に隙間が空くように形成される。第一の貫通穴11の各々の入口側には、第二の骨ネジ5における頭部5cの球状凸面10が滑動自在に嵌り込み得る凹状座面11aが形成される。第二の骨ネジ5の軸部5aが骨プレート1に対し傾斜しても第二の骨ネジ5の頭部5cは第一の貫通穴11の凹状座面11aに適正に嵌り込む。従って、骨は骨プレート1に正確に引き寄せられる。もちろんこの第一の貫通穴11には図3に示す骨ピン3又は図4に示す骨ネジ4を挿入することも可能であり、その場合も頭部3c,4cを凹状座面11a内で滑動させることにより軸部3a,4aを所望の向きに設定することができる。
【0026】
第二の貫通穴12は、図1及び図2に示すように、第一の貫通穴11,11間に配置される。もちろん第一の貫通穴11の列の端に配置してもよい。この貫通穴11は幹板部1aの長手方向に伸びる長穴として形成され、この長穴内で骨ネジ5は相対的に移動可能である。これにより、骨ネジ5を長穴から橈骨2の幹部2aに差し込んで仮止めした後に骨プレート1と幹部2aとを相対的にスライドさせることができる。この長穴の入口側には、骨ネジ5の頭部5cの球状凸面10が嵌り込む凹状座面12aが設けられる。この凹状座面12aは単なるテーパ面としてもよいが望ましくは球状凸面10と同じ球面形とされる。球状凸面10がこの凹状座面12aに嵌まり込むことにより、骨ネジ5の軸部5aは骨プレート1に対して自在に傾斜可能である。
【0027】
また、凹状座面12aは頭板部1bから離れるに連れて徐々に深くなるように形成される。これにより、図9中二点鎖線で示すように、骨ネジ5の軸部5aを貫通穴12に遊貫せしめて橈骨2の幹部2aに通し、頭部5cを骨プレート1の凹状座面12aの浅い箇所に侵入させて仮止めを行い、その後骨ネジ5を強く締め付けると、図9中実線で示すように、骨ネジ5の頭部5cが凹状座面12aを深い方にスライドし、同時に骨ネジ5が幹部2aを骨プレート1に圧着させる。すなわち、この長穴を通して骨ネジ5で幹部2aを骨プレート1の幹板部1aに緩く止め、骨プレート1の頭板部1bに遠位端部2bを固定した後、骨ネジ5をきつく締め付けると、骨ネジ5の頭部5cの球状凸面10が貫通穴12の長穴内を反頭板部側にスライドするので、骨ネジ5が腱等による引っ張り力に抗するように幹部2aを遠位端部2bから適正距離だけ引き離し、同時に骨ネジ5の頭部5cが凹状座面12aの深い箇所に嵌まり込んで幹部2aを強く締め付ける。このように、幹部2aを遠位端部2bから適正距離だけ引き離すことで骨の萎縮が防止される。
【0028】
第三の貫通穴13は、図1及び図2に示すように、頭板部1bの先端縁に沿って複数列で配置されるが、必要に応じて一列又は三列以上で配置される。第三の貫通穴13は橈骨2の遠位端部2bの骨折しやすい各部に対応して設けられる。
【0029】
第三の貫通穴13は図3乃至図5に例示される各種の骨ネジ4,5又は骨ピン3の軸部4a,5a,3aが遊貫可能に形成され、軸部4a,5a,3aとの間に隙間が空くように形成される。
【0030】
第三の貫通穴13の各々の入口側には、図5に例示した第二の骨ネジ5における頭部5cの球状凸面10が滑動自在に嵌り込み得る凹状座面13aが形成される。この凹状座面13aは単なるテーパ面としてもよいが望ましくは球状凸面10と同じ球面形とされ、球状凸面10と凹状座面13aは軸部4a,5a,3aの軸心上に来るように形成される。
【0031】
また、第三の貫通穴13の各々の出口側には、骨ピン3又は第一の骨ネジ4の頭部3c,4cの雄ネジ7が螺合する雌ネジ13bが形成される。この雌ネジ13bは第一の貫通穴11に形成し、第一の貫通穴11に骨ピンや骨ネジを固定するようにしてもよい。
【0032】
図7又は図8に示すように、骨ネジ4又は骨ピン3の頭部4c,3cの雄ネジ7を骨プレート1の雌ネジ13bに螺合させると、骨ネジ4又は骨ピン3を骨プレート1及び橈骨2に強固に固定することができる。
【0033】
また、図6に示すように、第二の骨ネジ5の頭部5cの球状凸面10は第三の貫通穴11の凹状座面11aの球面に滑動自在に嵌まり込むので、第二の骨ネジ5の軸部5aは骨プレート1及び橈骨2に対し設置する角度及び向きを自在に変え得る。これにより、図2に示すように、上記雌ネジ13bに螺合する骨ネジ4や骨ピン3では捕捉し難い骨断片2cを捕捉して骨本体側に固定することができる。
【0034】
図1及び図2に示すように、頭板部1bにおける第三の貫通穴13に沿った反幹板部側の箇所には、必要に応じて複数個の仮止め孔14が設けられる。仮止め孔14に図示しない仮止めピンを挿入し橈骨2の遠位端部2bに突き立てることにより、骨プレート1が橈骨2の遠位端部2bに仮止めされる。
【0035】
骨ネジ4,5又は骨ピン3の装着に先立ち仮止め孔14の箇所で遠位端部2bを骨プレート1に仮止めすることができるので、骨ネジ4,5又は骨ピン3を簡易かつ正確に装着することができる。仮止めピンは、仮止め孔14に挿入可能な釘様の細長い棒材である。
【0036】
次に、上記構成の骨プレートの作用の一例について説明する。
【0037】
図10に示すように、左手の橈骨2が骨折し、遠位端部2bが幹部2aから分断されたものとする。
【0038】
まず、左手の掌を上にして手首近傍を切開し、露出した橈骨2に向かって図1及び図2に示す骨プレート1を差し込み、骨プレート1の頭板部1bと幹板部1aを橈骨2の骨折線Aを跨ぐように遠位端部2bと幹部2aに当てる。
【0039】
次いで、ドリル等の穿孔具(図示せず)で幹部2aに下穴をあけ、図9中二点鎖線で示すように第二の貫通穴12を通して大型の第二の骨ネジ5を下穴に緩くねじ込む。そのとき第二の骨ネジ5の頭部5cは骨プレート1の凹状座面12aの浅い箇所に当てる。これにより、骨プレート1が幹部2aに仮止めされる。
【0040】
続いて、骨プレート1における第三の貫通穴13の雌ネジ13bに筒状のガイド(図示せず)をねじ込んで固定し、このガイドからドリル等の穿孔具(図示せず)を通し、遠位端部2bに第三の貫通穴13の貫通方向に下穴を形成する。骨ピン3又は第一の骨ネジ4を適宜選別し、この第三の貫通穴13を通して遠位端部2bに骨ピン3又は第一の骨ネジ4を突き立てる。そして、図7又は図8に示すように、それらの頭部3c,4cの雄ネジ7を骨プレート1側の雌ネジ13bに螺合せしめる。これにより、遠位端部2bが骨プレート1に固定される。
【0041】
また、骨プレート1における一個の第三の貫通穴13からドリル等の穿孔具(図示せず)を所望の向きに通し、図2に示す遠位端部2bからさらに細かく分離した骨断片2cへと下穴を形成する。そして、第二の骨ネジ5の頭部5cの係止溝6にドライバ等の工具(図示せず)を係止し、軸部5aの先端5bを下穴の開口に当て、工具の操作により軸部5aを回す。これにより、軸部5aが貫通穴13を通して下穴に螺入し、骨断片2cを引き寄せる。この引き寄せにより骨断片2cが遠位端部2bに接すると、図6に示すように頭部5cの球状凸部10が貫通穴13の球面形の凹状座部13a内に嵌まり込む。
【0042】
上記操作を繰り返して残りの第三の貫通穴13から遠位端部2bや他の骨断片に骨ピン3、第一の骨ネジ4又は第二の骨ネジ5を埋め込む。図10に示す例では骨プレート1の先端側の四個の第三の貫通穴13に骨ピン3、第一の骨ネジ4又は第二の骨ネジ5が通されているが、他の二個の第三の貫通穴13には骨折線Aの近傍であることから骨ピン3等が通されていない。
【0043】
このように、第二の骨ネジ5により遠位端部2b、骨断片2cを骨プレート1に引き寄せ、この引き寄せた遠位端部2bを骨プレート1に固定した骨ピン3又は第一の骨ネジ4で保持するので、遠位端部2bが骨プレート1及び幹部2aに対して適正な位置関係で強固に固定される。
【0044】
なお、第三の貫通穴13から遠位端部2bに骨ピン3、第一の骨ネジ4又は第二の骨ネジ5を埋め込む際、必要に応じて仮止め孔14に仮止めピン(図示せず)を挿入して橈骨2の遠位端部2bに突き立て、遠位端部2bを骨プレート1に仮止めする。
【0045】
次に、上記仮止めした骨ネジ5を強く締め付ける。これにより、図9に示すように、骨ネジ5の頭部5cが凹状座面12a内を二点鎖線位置から実線位置へと深い方にスライドし、骨ネジ5が腱等による引っ張り力に抗するように幹部2aを遠位端部2bから適正距離だけ引き離し、同時に骨ネジ5の頭部5cが凹状座面12aの深い箇所に嵌まり込んで幹部2aを強く締め付ける。
【0046】
続いて、仮止めに用いた骨ネジと同様な第二の骨ネジ5を用いて第一の貫通穴11を通して骨プレート1を幹部2aに固定する。この第二の骨ネジ5はその頭部5cの球状凸部10が貫通穴11の球面形の凹状座面11aに嵌り込むので、第二の骨ネジ5は幹部2aに対して所望の向き及び角度で取り付けられる。
【0047】
かくて、図10に示すように、橈骨2の遠位端部2bと幹部2aが骨プレート1を介して一体的に固定される。
【0048】
<実施の形態2>
図11及び図12に示すように、この実施の形態2では実施の形態1の場合と異なり、骨プレート15の頭板部15bが幹板部15aに対して折り曲げられている。この折り曲げにより頭板部が幹板部に対して反り返る。この反り角度θは図示例では約20度であるが、望ましくは10度〜30度である。このように、骨プレート15が反っていることから、骨プレート15は橈骨2に対しより円滑に接することになり、骨の固定がより適正に行われる。
【0049】
その他、この実施の形態2において実施の形態1における部分と同じ部分には同じ符号を用いて図示することとし、その詳細な説明は省略する。
【0050】
なお、上記各実施の形態では左手の橈骨の遠位端部用の骨プレートを例にとって説明したが、本発明は、右手の橈骨用の骨プレート、上腕骨用の骨プレート、近位端部用の骨プレート等にも適用可能である。例えば、右手の橈骨用の骨プレートの場合は上記左手用骨プレートの対称形として形成され、また、上腕骨用の骨プレートの場合は上腕骨の近位端部又は遠位端部の形状に沿った形状及び貫通穴の配列として形成される。
【0051】
【発明の効果】
請求項1に係る発明によれば、骨の幹部に当てられる幹板部と、骨の遠位端部又は近位端部に当てられる頭板部とを備え、幹板部と頭板部のそれぞれに骨ネジ又は骨ピンを挿入するための複数個の貫通穴が列状に形成された骨プレートにおいて、幹板部における貫通穴の入口側に凹状座面が形成され、頭板部における複数個の貫通穴の入口側には凹状座面が形成され、出口側には雌ネジが形成され、球状凸面が頭部の下面に形成された骨ネジ又は骨ピンの軸部が貫通穴に遊貫される場合は頭部の球状凸面が上記凹状座面に滑動自在に嵌り込むようにし、雄ネジが頭部の側面に形成された骨ネジ又は骨ピンの軸部が頭板部の貫通穴に遊貫される場合は頭部の雄ネジが上記雌ネジに螺合するようにした骨プレートであるから、骨プレートの幹板部と頭板部を骨の幹部と遠位端部又は近位端部に当てたうえで、骨ネジ又は骨ピンを各部の貫通穴から骨に通すことにより、骨折した遠位端部又は近位端部を幹部に接合することができる。骨ネジ又は骨ピンとして頭部の下面に球状凸面が形成されたものを用いる場合は、その軸部を貫通穴に遊貫せしめ骨断片に通すと、頭部の球状凸面が骨プレートの凹状座面に滑動自在に嵌り込むので、骨ネジ又は骨ピンの向きを自在に決定して骨断片を捕捉することができ、頭部の骨プレート上への突出量も低減する。また、骨ネジ又は骨ピンとして頭部の側面に雄ネジが形成されたものを用いる場合は、その軸部を貫通穴に遊貫せしめ骨に通すと、頭部の雄ネジを骨プレートの雌ネジに螺合させることができるので、骨ネジ又は骨ピンを骨プレートに一定の位置及び姿勢で固定することができる。
【0052】
請求項2に係る発明によれば、請求項1に記載の骨プレートにおいて、頭板部が幹板部に対して10度〜30度の角度で反っている骨プレートであるから、例えば橈骨の遠位端部と幹部の表面に沿うように骨プレートを当てることができ、骨を適正に固定することができる。
【0053】
請求項3に係る発明によれば、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の骨プレートにおいて、幹板部に形成される少なくとも一個の貫通穴が幹板部の長手方向に伸びる長穴として形成され、この長穴の入口側の凹状座面が上記頭板部から離れるに連れて徐々に深くなるように形成された骨プレートであるから、骨ネジの軸部を貫通穴に凹状座面の浅い箇所から遊貫せしめて骨に仮止めし、その後骨ネジをきつく締め付けると、骨ネジの頭部の球状凸面が貫通穴の長穴内を反頭板部側にスライドし、骨ネジが腱等による引っ張り力に抗するように幹部を遠位端部又は近位端部から適正距離だけ引き離し、同時に骨ネジの頭部が凹状座面の深い箇所に嵌まり込んで停止する。従って、骨ネジを締め付ける作業と、幹部を遠位端部又は近位端部から引き離す作業とが同時に行われることとなり、骨折の治療が円滑化される。
【0054】
請求項4に係る発明によれば、請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれかに記載の骨プレートにおいて、凹状座面が球面形とされた骨プレートであるから、骨ネジ又は骨ピンの頭部が凹状座面上で滑動し、従って軸部を所望の向きに通して骨断片を捕捉しやすくなり、また、骨ネジ又は骨ピンの頭部が骨プレート表面から大きく突出しないようにすることができる。
【0055】
請求項5に係る発明によれば、請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれかに記載の骨プレートにおいて、頭板部に仮止めピンを挿入する仮止め孔が設けられた骨プレートであるから、骨ネジ又は骨ピンの装着に先立ち仮止め孔から骨の遠位端部又は近位端部に仮止めピンを通し、遠位端部又は近位端部を骨プレートに仮止めすることができ、従って骨ネジ又は骨ピンを正確に装着することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の実施の形態1に係る骨プレートの平面図である。
【図2】図1に示す骨プレートの部分断面図である。
【図3】図1に示す骨プレートの固定に用いられる骨ピンの立面図である。
【図4】図1に示す骨プレートの固定に用いられる第一の骨ネジの立面図である。
【図5】図1に示す骨プレートの固定に用いられる第二の骨ネジの立面図である。
【図6】第二の骨ネジの作用を説明する図である。
【図7】第一の骨ネジの作用を説明する図である。
【図8】骨ピンの作用を説明する図である。
【図9】第二の貫通穴の作用を説明する図である。
【図10】骨プレートを橈骨の骨折部に取り付けた状態を示す平面図である。
【図11】本発明の実施の形態2に係る骨プレートの平面図である。
【図12】図11に示す骨プレートの側面図である。
【符号の説明】
1,15…骨プレート
1a,15a…幹板部
1b,15b…頭板部
2…骨
2a…幹部
2b…遠位端部
2c…骨断片
3…骨ピン
3c,4c…頭部
4,5…骨ネジ
4a,5a…軸部
5c…頭部
7…雄ネジ
10…球状凸面
11,12,13…貫通穴
12a,13a…凹状座面
13b…雌ネジ
14…仮止め孔
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a bone plate attached to a fracture portion such as a rib.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The distal end of the radius (the end far from the heart), the proximal end of the humerus (the end closer to the heart), etc. are easily fractured, and bone plates are conventionally used to treat these fractures. ing. The bone plate includes a stem plate portion applied to a bone stem portion and a head plate portion applied to a distal end portion or a proximal end portion of the bone. A bone plate is provided on each of the stem plate portion and the head plate portion. A through hole for inserting a screw or a bone pin is formed. For example, when treating a fracture at the distal end of the rib, the head plate and stem plate of the bone plate are placed against the distal end and trunk of the rib so as to straddle the fracture line, and a bone screw or A bone pin is embedded into a rib through a bone pin, and a bone fragment at a distal end is fixed to a trunk through a bone plate (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
[0003]
In addition, a long through hole extending in the longitudinal direction is formed in the stem plate portion of the bone plate (see, for example, Patent Document 1). Place the head plate and stem plate of the bone plate against the distal end and trunk of the rib so that the fracture line is straddled, and then loosely embed the bone through the slot through the bone screw, and then the distal end and trunk When a tensile force is applied to the bone, the bone screw head slides within the slot against the tensile force of tendons and muscles, and the distal end is positioned at an appropriate position from the trunk with the fracture line interposed therebetween. Thereafter, when the bone screw is tightened strongly, the distal end portion and the trunk portion are fixed to the bone plate in a normal positional relationship, thereby preventing bone atrophy.
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
Special Table 2000-512186
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
A conventional bone screw that is passed through a through hole in a bone plate has a countersunk head to reduce the amount of projection onto the bone plate, and the through hole is a countersink. Therefore, when the bone screw is screwed into the bone, if the countersunk head of the bone screw does not match the countersink hole, an excessive force is applied between the bone plate and the bone, and it may be difficult to fix the fracture part properly. is there. Further, when trying to match the countersunk head of the bone screw with the countersunk hole, the direction of the bone screw is restricted and it may be difficult to pass the bone screw through the bone fragment.
[0006]
Also, when the bone screw head is slid within the long hole against the tension of the tendon, etc., and the bone fragment and the trunk at the distal end are separated to the proper position, the bone fragment is resisted against the tension of the tendon. Since it is necessary to perform an operation of turning the bone screw while holding it, the operation is troublesome, and when the bone screw is screwed in, there is a possibility that the bone fragment or the trunk may be displaced from the normal position.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the invention according to claim 1 includes a stem plate portion (1a, 15a) applied to the trunk portion (2a) of the bone (2) and a distal end portion (2b) of the bone (2) or A head plate portion (1b, 15b) applied to the proximal end portion, and a bone screw (4, 5) or a bone pin (on each of the trunk plate portion (1a, 15a) and the head plate portion (1b, 15b)). 3) for inserting Multiple Through holes (11, 12, 13) In line In the formed bone plate (1, 15), a concave seating surface (11a, 12a) is formed on the entrance side of the through hole (11, 12) in the trunk plate portion (1a, 15a), and the head plate portion (1b, 15b) Multiple Entrance side of through hole (13) Concave seat (13a) Formed on the outlet side (13b) Formed When the bone screw (5) formed on the lower surface of the head (5c) or the shaft (5a) of the bone pin is loosely penetrated into the through hole (13), the head ( 5c) a spherical convex surface (10) is slidably fitted into the concave seating surface (13a), and a male screw (7) is a bone screw (4) formed on the side surface of the head (3c, 4c) or When the shaft portion (4a, 3a) of the bone pin (3) is loosely inserted into the through hole (13) of the head plate portion, the male screw (7) of the head portion (3c, 4c) is the female screw (13b). The bone plate (1, 15) adapted to be screwed to the head is employed.
[0008]
According to the first aspect of the present invention, the trunk plate portion (1a, 15a) and the head plate portion (1b, 15b) of the bone plate (1, 15) are replaced with the trunk portion (2a) of the bone (2) and the distal end. By passing the bone screw (4, 5) or the bone pin (3) from the through hole (11, 12, 13) of each part through the bone (2) after being applied to the part (2b) or the proximal end, The fractured distal end (2b) or proximal end can be joined to the trunk (2a). In the case of using a bone screw (5) or a bone pin having a spherical convex surface (10) formed on the lower surface of the head (5c), the shaft (5a) is loosely penetrated into the through hole (13) and the bone ( 2), the spherical convex surface (10) of the head (5c) is slidably fitted into the concave seating surfaces (11a, 12a, 13a) of the bone plate (1, 15), so that the bone screw (5) or The bone fragment (2c) can be captured by freely determining the orientation of the bone pin, and the amount of protrusion of the head (5c) onto the bone plate (1, 15) is also reduced. When using a bone screw (4) or a bone pin (3) having a male screw (7) on the side surface of the head (4c, 3c), the shaft (4a, 3a) is inserted into the through hole. Since the male screw (7) of the head (4c, 3c) can be screwed into the female screw (13b) of the bone plate (1, 15) by passing through the free bone (2) through (13). The bone screw (4) or the bone pin (3) can be fixed to the bone plate (1, 15) in a fixed position and posture.
[0009]
The invention according to claim 2 is the bone plate (15) according to claim 1, wherein the head plate (15b) warps at an angle of 10 degrees to 30 degrees with respect to the trunk plate (15a). A bone plate (15) is employed.
[0010]
According to the second aspect of the present invention, the head plate (15b) is warped with respect to the trunk plate (15a) so that the warp angle (θ) is 10 degrees to 30 degrees. The bone plate (15) can be applied along the surface of the distal end (2b) and the trunk (2a) of 2), and the bone (2) can be appropriately fixed.
[0011]
The invention according to claim 3 is the bone plate (1, 15) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least one through hole (12) formed in the trunk plate portion (1a, 15a) is provided. It is formed as a long hole extending in the longitudinal direction of the trunk plate portion (1a, 15a), and gradually becomes deeper as the concave seating surface (12a) on the inlet side of the long hole moves away from the head plate portion (1b, 15b). The bone plate (1, 15) formed as described above is employed.
[0012]
According to the third aspect of the present invention, the shaft portion (5a) of the bone screw (5) is allowed to pass through the through hole (12) from a shallow portion of the concave seating surface (12a) and temporarily fixed to the bone (2). Then, when the bone screw (5) is tightened tightly, the spherical convex surface (10) of the head (5c) of the bone screw (5) slides in the long hole of the through hole (12) to the opposite head plate side, The trunk (2a) is pulled away from the distal end (2b) or the proximal end by an appropriate distance so that the screw (5) resists the pulling force of a tendon or the like, and at the same time, the head (5c) of the bone screw (5) Fits into the deep part of the concave seating surface (12a) and stops. Therefore, the work of tightening the bone screw (5) and the work of pulling the trunk part (2a) away from the distal end part (2b) or the proximal end part are simultaneously performed, and the treatment of the fracture is facilitated.
[0013]
The invention according to claim 4 is the bone plate (1, 15) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the concave seating surfaces (11a, 12a, 13a) have a spherical shape. Is adopted.
[0014]
According to the invention of claim 4, since the concave seating surfaces (11a, 12a, 13a) are spherical, the bone screw (5) or the head (5c) of the bone pin is used as the concave seating surface (11a, 12a). , 13a), so that it is easier to capture the bone fragment (2c) through the shaft (5a) in the desired orientation, and the bone screw (5) or bone pin head (5c) It can be prevented from projecting greatly from the surface of the plate (1, 15).
[0015]
Further, the invention according to claim 5 is the bone plate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the bone plate provided with a temporary fixing hole (14) for inserting a temporary fixing pin into the head plate portion (1b, 15b). A plate (1, 15) is employed.
[0016]
According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the distal end (2b) or the proximal end of the bone (2) from the temporary fixing hole (14) prior to the attachment of the bone screw (4, 5) or the bone pin (3). Since the temporary fixing pin can be passed through the end and the distal end (2b) or the proximal end can be temporarily fixed to the bone plate (1, 15), the bone screw (4, 5) or the bone pin (3 ) On the bone (2) and the bone plate (1, 15).
[0017]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0018]
<Embodiment 1>
The bone plate 1 illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 is for treating a fracture of the distal end 2b of the rib 2 of the left hand, as shown in FIG. 10, and is a stem plate applied to the trunk 2a of the rib 2. And a head plate 1b applied to the distal end 2b of the rib 2. The trunk plate portion 1a and the head plate portion 1b are connected so as to have a substantially T-shape, and are formed of a single thin metal plate as a whole. As the metal material, for example, pure titanium or a titanium alloy close to the elastic modulus of bone is used. The bone plate 1 is fixed to the bone so as to straddle the fracture line A by using the bone screws 4 and 5 and the bone pin 3 having the shapes shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, and thereby the bones are joined together.
[0019]
3 to 5 show various bone screws and bone pins used for fixing the bone plate 1.
[0020]
The shaft portion 3a of the bone pin 3 shown in FIG. 3 has a smooth surface and a convex tip 3b. The head portion 3c bulges on the rear end of the shaft portion 3a, and a locking groove 6 for locking a tool (not shown) such as a driver when operating the bone pin 3 at the upper end of the head portion 3c. A male screw 7 that is screwed into the bone plate 1 is formed in the lower half of the peripheral surface of the head 3c. The locking groove 6 may be a hexagonal hole, an octagonal hole, a star hole or the like.
[0021]
The shaft portion 4a of the first bone screw 4 shown in FIG. 4 has a male screw 8 for screwing into the bone on the peripheral surface, and has a convex tip 4b. A tapping groove 9 is formed in the convex tip 4b as necessary. Like the bone pin 3, the head 4c bulges on the rear end of the shaft portion 4a, and a locking groove 6 for locking the tool when the bone screw 4 is rotated at the upper end of the head 4c. A male screw 7 that is screwed into the bone plate 1 is formed in the lower half of the peripheral surface of the head 4c. The locking groove 6 may be a hexagonal hole, an octagonal hole, a star hole or the like.
[0022]
As with the first bone screw 4, the shaft portion 5a of the second bone screw 5 shown in FIG. 5 has a male screw 8 to be screwed into the bone on the peripheral surface, and has a convex tip 5b. . A tapping groove 9 is formed in the convex tip 5b as necessary. The head portion 5c bulges on the rear end of the shaft portion 5a, and a locking groove 6 for locking a tool when the bone screw 5 is rotated is formed at the upper end of the head portion 5c. A spherical convex surface 10 is formed on the lower surface of the. The spherical convex surface 10 is formed such that its center point is on the axial center of the shaft portion 5a. The locking groove 6 may be a hexagonal hole, an octagonal hole, a star hole or the like.
[0023]
The bone screws 4 and 5 or the bone pins 3 are prepared in different sizes and shapes. For example, as will be described later, through holes having different diameters are formed in the stem plate portion 1a and the head plate portion 1b of the bone plate 1, but the bone screws 4 and 5 and the bone pins 3 having sizes corresponding to the respective diameters. Is prepared. Also, bone screws and bone pins having shapes other than those shown in FIGS. 3 to 5 can be used. For example, the male screw 8 of the shaft portion 5a is removed from the second bone screw 5 shown in FIG. It is also possible to use constructed bone pins.
[0024]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, at least one through hole for inserting the bone screws 4, 5 or the bone pin 3 is formed in the stem plate portion 1 a and the head plate portion 1 b of the bone plate 1, respectively. . In this embodiment, three first through holes 11 and one second through hole 12 are formed in a row at a predetermined interval in the longitudinal direction in the trunk plate portion 1a, and the ribs are formed in the head plate portion 1b. Four third through-holes 13 are formed at predetermined intervals along the two distal end portions 2b, and two third through-holes 13 are formed at predetermined intervals on the trunk plate 1a side. Is done. The number, shape, position, etc. of these through holes 13 can be arbitrarily changed.
[0025]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the first through holes 11 are arranged in a single row at predetermined intervals so that the second through holes 12 are interposed therebetween. Arranged in the form. The first through-hole 11 is formed so that various bone screws or bone pin shafts can pass therethrough. In this embodiment, the first through-hole 11 is formed so as to pass the second bone screw 5 shown in FIG. The first through hole 11 is formed such that a gap is left between the first through hole 11 and the shaft portion 5 a of the second bone screw 5. A concave seat surface 11a into which the spherical convex surface 10 of the head 5c of the second bone screw 5 can be slidably fitted is formed on the entrance side of each of the first through holes 11. Even if the shaft portion 5 a of the second bone screw 5 is inclined with respect to the bone plate 1, the head portion 5 c of the second bone screw 5 fits properly into the concave seating surface 11 a of the first through hole 11. Therefore, the bone is drawn to the bone plate 1 accurately. Of course, it is possible to insert the bone pin 3 shown in FIG. 3 or the bone screw 4 shown in FIG. 4 into the first through-hole 11, and in this case, the heads 3c and 4c are slid within the concave seating surface 11a. By doing so, the shaft portions 3a, 4a can be set in a desired direction.
[0026]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the second through hole 12 is disposed between the first through holes 11 and 11. Of course, it may be arranged at the end of the row of the first through holes 11. The through hole 11 is formed as an elongated hole extending in the longitudinal direction of the trunk plate portion 1a, and the bone screw 5 is relatively movable in the elongated hole. Thereby, after inserting the bone screw 5 into the trunk 2a of the radius 2 from the elongated hole and temporarily fixing it, the bone plate 1 and the trunk 2a can be relatively slid. A concave seat surface 12a into which the spherical convex surface 10 of the head 5c of the bone screw 5 is fitted is provided on the entrance side of the long hole. The concave seating surface 12a may be a simple tapered surface, but preferably has the same spherical shape as the spherical convex surface 10. By fitting the spherical convex surface 10 into the concave seating surface 12 a, the shaft portion 5 a of the bone screw 5 can freely tilt with respect to the bone plate 1.
[0027]
Further, the concave seating surface 12a is formed so as to gradually become deeper as it moves away from the head plate portion 1b. As a result, as shown by a two-dot chain line in FIG. 9, the shaft portion 5 a of the bone screw 5 is allowed to pass through the through hole 12 and pass through the trunk portion 2 a of the rib 2, and the head portion 5 c is passed through the concave seating surface 12 a of the bone plate 1. When the bone screw 5 is tightened firmly after that, the head 5c of the bone screw 5 slides deeply on the concave seating surface 12a as shown by the solid line in FIG. A bone screw 5 presses the trunk 2 a to the bone plate 1. That is, the stem 2a is loosely fixed to the stem plate portion 1a of the bone plate 1 through the long hole, the distal end portion 2b is fixed to the head plate portion 1b of the bone plate 1, and the bone screw 5 is tightened tightly. Then, since the spherical convex surface 10 of the head 5c of the bone screw 5 slides in the long hole of the through hole 12 to the side opposite to the head plate portion, the stem 2a is moved distally so that the bone screw 5 resists the pulling force by a tendon or the like. The head 2c is pulled away from the end 2b by an appropriate distance, and at the same time, the head 5c of the bone screw 5 is fitted into a deep portion of the concave seating surface 12a to strongly tighten the trunk 2a. In this way, bone atrophy is prevented by pulling the trunk 2a away from the distal end 2b by an appropriate distance.
[0028]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the third through holes 13 are arranged in a plurality of rows along the leading edge of the head plate portion 1 b, but are arranged in one row or three or more rows as necessary. The third through hole 13 is provided corresponding to each part of the distal end 2b of the radius 2 that is easily broken.
[0029]
The third through hole 13 is formed such that the various bone screws 4 and 5 or the shaft portions 4a, 5a and 3a of the bone pins 3 illustrated in FIGS. 3 to 5 can be freely penetrated, and the shaft portions 4a, 5a and 3a. And a gap is formed between them.
[0030]
A concave seat surface 13a into which the spherical convex surface 10 of the head 5c of the second bone screw 5 illustrated in FIG. 5 can be slidably fitted is formed on the entrance side of each of the third through holes 13. The concave seating surface 13a may be a simple tapered surface, but preferably has the same spherical shape as the spherical convex surface 10, and the spherical convex surface 10 and the concave seating surface 13a are formed so as to be on the axial centers of the shaft portions 4a, 5a, 3a. Is done.
[0031]
Further, on the exit side of each of the third through holes 13, a female screw 13b into which the male screw 7 of the head 3c, 4c of the bone pin 3 or the first bone screw 4 is screwed is formed. The female screw 13 b may be formed in the first through hole 11, and a bone pin or a bone screw may be fixed to the first through hole 11.
[0032]
As shown in FIG. 7 or FIG. 8, when the male screw 7 of the head 4c, 3c of the bone screw 4 or the bone pin 3 is screwed into the female screw 13b of the bone plate 1, the bone screw 4 or the bone pin 3 is boned. It can be firmly fixed to the plate 1 and the rib 2.
[0033]
Further, as shown in FIG. 6, the spherical convex surface 10 of the head 5c of the second bone screw 5 is slidably fitted into the spherical surface of the concave seating surface 11a of the third through hole 11, so that the second bone The shaft portion 5a of the screw 5 can freely change the angle and direction of installation with respect to the bone plate 1 and the rib 2. Thereby, as shown in FIG. 2, the bone fragment 2c which is difficult to capture with the bone screw 4 and the bone pin 3 screwed into the female screw 13b can be captured and fixed to the bone body side.
[0034]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a plurality of temporary fixing holes 14 are provided at a position on the side opposite to the main plate portion along the third through hole 13 in the head plate portion 1 b as necessary. The bone plate 1 is temporarily fixed to the distal end 2 b of the rib 2 by inserting a temporary fixing pin (not shown) into the temporary fixing hole 14 and projecting it to the distal end 2 b of the radius 2.
[0035]
Since the distal end 2b can be temporarily fixed to the bone plate 1 at the position of the temporary fixing hole 14 prior to the attachment of the bone screws 4, 5 or the bone pin 3, the bone screws 4, 5 or the bone pin 3 can be simply and easily attached. It can be installed accurately. The temporary fixing pin is a nail-like elongated bar that can be inserted into the temporary fixing hole 14.
[0036]
Next, an example of the operation of the bone plate having the above configuration will be described.
[0037]
As shown in FIG. 10, it is assumed that the rib 2 in the left hand is broken and the distal end 2b is separated from the trunk 2a.
[0038]
First, an incision is made in the vicinity of the wrist with the palm of the left hand up, the bone plate 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is inserted into the exposed rib 2, and the head plate 1b and the trunk plate 1a of the bone plate 1 are connected to the rib. 2 is applied to the distal end 2b and the trunk 2a so as to straddle the fracture line A.
[0039]
Next, a pilot hole (not shown) such as a drill is used to make a pilot hole in the trunk 2a, and the large second bone screw 5 is made into a pilot hole through the second through hole 12 as shown by a two-dot chain line in FIG. Screw loosely. At that time, the head 5 c of the second bone screw 5 is applied to a shallow portion of the concave seating surface 12 a of the bone plate 1. As a result, the bone plate 1 is temporarily fixed to the trunk 2a.
[0040]
Subsequently, a cylindrical guide (not shown) is screwed and fixed to the female screw 13b of the third through hole 13 in the bone plate 1, and a drilling tool (not shown) such as a drill is passed through this guide, A pilot hole is formed in the distal end portion 2 b in the penetration direction of the third through hole 13. The bone pin 3 or the first bone screw 4 is appropriately selected, and the bone pin 3 or the first bone screw 4 is pushed through the third through hole 13 to the distal end portion 2b. Then, as shown in FIG. 7 or 8, the male screws 7 of the heads 3c and 4c are screwed into the female screws 13b on the bone plate 1 side. Thereby, the distal end 2b is fixed to the bone plate 1.
[0041]
Further, a drilling tool (not shown) such as a drill is passed through the third through hole 13 in the bone plate 1 in a desired direction, and the bone fragment 2c further finely separated from the distal end 2b shown in FIG. And form a pilot hole. Then, a tool (not shown) such as a screwdriver is locked in the locking groove 6 of the head 5c of the second bone screw 5, the tip 5b of the shaft portion 5a is applied to the opening of the pilot hole, and the tool is operated. Turn the shaft 5a. Thereby, the shaft portion 5a is screwed into the prepared hole through the through hole 13, and draws the bone fragment 2c. When the bone fragment 2 c comes into contact with the distal end portion 2 b by this drawing, the spherical convex portion 10 of the head portion 5 c is fitted into the spherical concave seat portion 13 a of the through hole 13 as shown in FIG.
[0042]
The above operation is repeated to embed the bone pin 3, the first bone screw 4 or the second bone screw 5 from the remaining third through hole 13 into the distal end 2b and other bone fragments. In the example shown in FIG. 10, the bone pin 3, the first bone screw 4, or the second bone screw 5 is passed through the four third through holes 13 on the distal end side of the bone plate 1. Since the third through hole 13 is in the vicinity of the fracture line A, the bone pin 3 or the like is not passed therethrough.
[0043]
In this way, the distal end 2b and the bone fragment 2c are drawn to the bone plate 1 by the second bone screw 5, and the bone pin 3 or the first bone fixed to the bone plate 1 with the drawn distal end 2b. Since it hold | maintains with the screw | thread 4, the distal end part 2b is firmly fixed by the appropriate positional relationship with respect to the bone plate 1 and the trunk | trunk part 2a.
[0044]
When embedding the bone pin 3, the first bone screw 4 or the second bone screw 5 from the third through hole 13 to the distal end portion 2b, the temporary fixing pin (see FIG. (Not shown) is inserted into the distal end 2 b of the rib 2 and temporarily fixed to the bone plate 1.
[0045]
Next, the bone screw 5 temporarily fixed is firmly tightened. As a result, as shown in FIG. 9, the head 5c of the bone screw 5 slides deeply from the two-dot chain line position to the solid line position in the concave seating surface 12a, and the bone screw 5 resists the pulling force caused by tendons or the like. Thus, the trunk 2a is pulled away from the distal end 2b by an appropriate distance, and at the same time, the head 5c of the bone screw 5 is fitted into a deep portion of the concave seating surface 12a to strongly tighten the trunk 2a.
[0046]
Subsequently, the bone plate 1 is fixed to the trunk portion 2a through the first through hole 11 using the second bone screw 5 similar to the bone screw used for temporary fixing. Since the spherical projection 10 of the head 5c of the second bone screw 5 fits into the spherical concave seating surface 11a of the through hole 11, the second bone screw 5 has a desired orientation and a relative orientation with respect to the trunk 2a. Mounted at an angle.
[0047]
Thus, as shown in FIG. 10, the distal end 2 b and the trunk 2 a of the radius 2 are integrally fixed via the bone plate 1.
[0048]
<Embodiment 2>
As shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, in the second embodiment, unlike the case of the first embodiment, the head plate portion 15b of the bone plate 15 is bent with respect to the trunk plate portion 15a. This bending causes the head plate portion to warp against the trunk plate portion. The warp angle θ is about 20 degrees in the illustrated example, but is desirably 10 degrees to 30 degrees. As described above, since the bone plate 15 is warped, the bone plate 15 comes in contact with the rib 2 more smoothly, and the bone is fixed more appropriately.
[0049]
In addition, in the second embodiment, the same parts as those in the first embodiment are illustrated using the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
[0050]
In each of the above embodiments, the bone plate for the distal end of the left-hand rib has been described as an example. However, the present invention describes a bone plate for the right-hand rib, a bone plate for the humerus, and a proximal end. It can also be applied to bone plates and the like. For example, in the case of a bone plate for the right-hand rib, it is formed as a symmetrical shape of the bone plate for the left hand, and in the case of a bone plate for the humerus, the shape of the proximal end or the distal end of the humerus Formed along the shape and array of through holes.
[0051]
【The invention's effect】
According to the first aspect of the present invention, the trunk plate portion applied to the bone trunk portion and the head plate portion applied to the distal end portion or the proximal end portion of the bone are provided. For inserting bone screws or bone pins into each Multiple Through hole In line In the formed bone plate, a concave seating surface is formed on the entrance side of the through hole in the trunk plate portion, and in the head plate portion Multiple Entrance side of through hole Has a concave seating surface and a female thread on the outlet side When the shaft portion of the bone screw or bone pin formed with the spherical convex surface on the lower surface of the head is loosened through the through hole, the spherical convex surface of the head is slidably fitted into the concave seating surface, Bone with a male screw threaded into the female screw when the male screw is formed on the side of the head or the shaft portion of the bone pin is loosened through the through hole of the head plate. Since the plate is a plate, the bone plate or head pin is passed through the through hole of each part after the stem plate portion and head plate portion of the bone plate are applied to the bone stem portion and the distal end or proximal end portion. Thus, the fractured distal end or proximal end can be joined to the trunk. When using a bone screw or bone pin with a spherical convex surface formed on the lower surface of the head, the spherical convex surface of the head becomes a concave seat on the bone plate when the shaft portion is loosely inserted into the through hole and passed through the bone fragment. Since it is slidably fitted into the surface, the direction of the bone screw or bone pin can be freely determined to capture the bone fragment, and the amount of protrusion of the head onto the bone plate is also reduced. When a bone screw or bone pin with a male screw formed on the side of the head is used, the male screw on the head is inserted into the female of the bone plate when the shaft is allowed to pass through the through hole and passed through the bone. Since it can be screwed into the screw, the bone screw or the bone pin can be fixed to the bone plate in a certain position and posture.
[0052]
According to the invention according to claim 2, in the bone plate according to claim 1, the head plate portion is a bone plate warped at an angle of 10 degrees to 30 degrees with respect to the trunk plate portion. A bone plate can be applied along the surface of the distal end and the trunk, and the bone can be properly fixed.
[0053]
According to the invention according to claim 3, in the bone plate according to claim 1 or 2, at least one through hole formed in the trunk plate portion is formed as a long hole extending in the longitudinal direction of the trunk plate portion. Since the concave seating surface on the entrance side of this elongated hole is a bone plate formed so as to gradually become deeper as it moves away from the head plate, the shaft portion of the bone screw is formed in the through hole and the concave seating surface is shallow. When the bone screw is loosely tightened and temporarily fixed to the bone, and then the bone screw is tightened tightly, the spherical convex surface of the head of the bone screw slides in the long hole of the through hole to the side opposite the head plate, and the bone screw is caused by a tendon The trunk is pulled away from the distal end or the proximal end by an appropriate distance so as to resist the pulling force, and at the same time, the head of the bone screw is fitted into the deep part of the concave seating surface and stopped. Therefore, the work of tightening the bone screw and the work of pulling the trunk part away from the distal end part or the proximal end part are simultaneously performed, and the treatment of the fracture is facilitated.
[0054]
According to the invention according to claim 4, the bone plate according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the concave seating surface is a bone plate having a spherical shape. Sliding on the concave seating surface, thus making it easier to capture the bone fragment through the shaft in the desired orientation, and to prevent the bone screw or bone pin head from protruding significantly from the bone plate surface. it can.
[0055]
According to the invention according to claim 5, in the bone plate according to any one of claims 1 to 4, since it is a bone plate provided with a temporary fixing hole for inserting a temporary fixing pin into the head plate portion, Prior to attaching the bone screw or bone pin, the temporary fixing pin can be passed from the temporary fixing hole to the distal end or proximal end of the bone, and the distal end or proximal end can be temporarily fixed to the bone plate. Therefore, the bone screw or the bone pin can be mounted accurately.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a bone plate according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the bone plate shown in FIG.
FIG. 3 is an elevational view of a bone pin used for fixing the bone plate shown in FIG. 1;
4 is an elevational view of a first bone screw used to fix the bone plate shown in FIG. 1. FIG.
FIG. 5 is an elevation view of a second bone screw used for fixing the bone plate shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the action of a second bone screw.
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the action of a first bone screw.
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the action of a bone pin.
FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating the operation of the second through hole.
FIG. 10 is a plan view showing a state in which a bone plate is attached to a fractured portion of a radius.
FIG. 11 is a plan view of a bone plate according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
12 is a side view of the bone plate shown in FIG. 11. FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
1,15 ... bone plate
1a, 15a ... Trunk board part
1b, 15b ... head plate
2 ... bone
2a ... Executive
2b ... distal end
2c ... bone fragment
3 ... bone pin
3c, 4c ... head
4, 5 ... Bone screw
4a, 5a ... Shaft
5c ... head
7 ... Male thread
10 ... Spherical convex surface
11, 12, 13 ... through hole
12a, 13a ... concave bearing surface
13b ... Female thread
14 ... Temporary fixing hole

Claims (5)

骨の幹部に当てられる幹板部と、骨の遠位端部又は近位端部に当てられる頭板部とを備え、幹板部と頭板部のそれぞれに骨ネジ又は骨ピンを挿入するための複数個の貫通穴が列状に形成された骨プレートにおいて、幹板部における貫通穴の入口側に凹状座面が形成され、頭板部における複数個の貫通穴の入口側には凹状座面が形成され、出口側には雌ネジが形成され、球状凸面が頭部の下面に形成された骨ネジ又は骨ピンの軸部が貫通穴に遊貫される場合は頭部の球状凸面が上記凹状座面に滑動自在に嵌り込むようにし、雄ネジが頭部の側面に形成された骨ネジ又は骨ピンの軸部が頭板部の貫通穴に遊貫される場合は頭部の雄ネジが上記雌ネジに螺合するようにしたことを特徴とする骨プレート。A stem plate portion applied to a bone stem portion and a head plate portion applied to a distal end portion or a proximal end portion of a bone are provided, and a bone screw or a bone pin is inserted into each of the stem plate portion and the head plate portion. in plurality bone plate having a through hole is formed in a column shape for the concave seat surface is formed on the inlet side of the through hole in stem plate, the entrance side of the plurality of through holes in the head plate portion concave A seating surface is formed, a female screw is formed on the outlet side, and the spherical convex surface of the head when the shaft portion of the bone screw or bone pin formed on the lower surface of the head is loosened through the through hole Slidably fit into the concave seating surface, and when the male screw or the bone screw shaft formed on the side surface of the head is loosely inserted into the through hole of the head plate, A bone plate characterized in that a male screw is screwed into the female screw. 請求項1に記載の骨プレートにおいて、頭板部が幹板部に対して10度〜30度の角度で反っていることを特徴とする骨プレート。  The bone plate according to claim 1, wherein the head plate portion is warped at an angle of 10 degrees to 30 degrees with respect to the trunk plate portion. 請求項1又は請求項2に記載の骨プレートにおいて、幹板部に形成される少なくとも一個の貫通穴が幹板部の長手方向に伸びる長穴として形成され、この長穴の入口側の凹状座面が上記頭板部から離れるに連れて徐々に深くなるように形成されたことを特徴とする骨プレート。  The bone plate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least one through hole formed in the stem plate portion is formed as a long hole extending in a longitudinal direction of the stem plate portion, and a concave seat on the entrance side of the long hole. A bone plate characterized in that the surface is formed so as to gradually become deeper as the head plate part moves away. 請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれかに記載の骨プレートにおいて、凹状座面が球面形とされたことを特徴とする骨プレート。  The bone plate according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the concave seating surface is spherical. 請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれかに記載の骨プレートにおいて、頭板部に仮止めピンを挿入する仮止め孔が設けられたことを特徴とする骨プレート。  The bone plate according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a temporary fixing hole for inserting a temporary fixing pin is provided in the head plate portion.
JP2003112809A 2003-04-17 2003-04-17 Bone plate Expired - Fee Related JP4322039B2 (en)

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WO2021250853A1 (en) 2020-06-11 2021-12-16 オリンパステルモバイオマテリアル株式会社 Bone plate

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US7857836B2 (en) * 2005-07-13 2010-12-28 Acumed Llc Bone plates with movable locking elements
JP4028552B2 (en) 2002-11-19 2007-12-26 アキュームド・エルエルシー Adjustable bone plate
JP2007151674A (en) * 2005-12-01 2007-06-21 Hidetoshi Onoe Bone plate
SE532458C2 (en) * 2008-07-01 2010-01-26 Swemac Innovation Ab fixation System
BR112012007813A2 (en) 2009-11-27 2017-09-19 Synthes Gmbh concept of plating for distal radius fractures
WO2011106403A1 (en) * 2010-02-25 2011-09-01 Synthes Usa, Llc Bone plate screw holes convertible to hooks
JP5198623B2 (en) * 2011-05-31 2013-05-15 英俊 尾上 Bone plate
WO2021129548A1 (en) * 2019-12-26 2021-07-01 天津市威曼生物材料有限公司 Semi-closed fixing device and closed locking device

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2021250853A1 (en) 2020-06-11 2021-12-16 オリンパステルモバイオマテリアル株式会社 Bone plate

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