JP4319417B2 - Melanin production deficiency treatment - Google Patents

Melanin production deficiency treatment Download PDF

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JP4319417B2
JP4319417B2 JP2003022125A JP2003022125A JP4319417B2 JP 4319417 B2 JP4319417 B2 JP 4319417B2 JP 2003022125 A JP2003022125 A JP 2003022125A JP 2003022125 A JP2003022125 A JP 2003022125A JP 4319417 B2 JP4319417 B2 JP 4319417B2
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melanin production
structural formula
dimethoxy
desmethylenedioxycubebin
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JP2004231574A (en
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道▲徳▼ 久保
秀秋 松田
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Kinki University
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Kinki University
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、白毛症、および白斑症などのメラニン産生不全症を予防及び/又は治療剤に関するものである。更に詳しくは、黒髪の維持、皮膚の色調決定に深く関わっているメラニンを産生するメラノイサイトのメラニン産生促進作用を有する薬剤に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
表皮あるいは毛髪に存在するメラニン産生細胞より産生されるメラニンは、角化細胞に移行され、角化細胞の増殖、分化に伴い組織に供給分散される。この際、組織に供給されるメラニンの量的および質的差異により、組織の色調が決定される。シミ、ソバカス、色黒やステロイドなどの薬物による皮膚の黒化症などの色素沈着症は、皮膚にメラニン色素が過剰に沈着するために発生する疾患である。
【0003】
一方、メラニン産生能の欠落あるいは低下の結果、加齢に伴い白毛症や皮膚の白斑がおこる。白毛症とは限局性島状に白色の毛の生ずる現象をいい、チロシナーゼの酵素活性の低下などに伴う毛嚢内のメラノサイトのメラニン形成不全が主因である。このメラニンは、動植物界に広く分布しているが、脊椎動物においては、メラノサイト中の細胞質顆粒メラノソームで、チロシンがチロシナーゼにより酸化されて、ドーパ、ドーパキノンが生合成され、さらにドーパキノンは自動酸化によるインドールキノン生成を経て重合し、最終的にメラニンが生合成されることが知られている。生成されたメラニンはメラノサイトの樹状突起から毛母細胞あるいは基底細胞に分泌され、皮膚や毛髪を黒色化する。このようなメラニン産生機構が不全となることは、男女を問わず美容的または精神的にも好ましくないものである。
【0004】
しかしながら、現在、白毛症の治療法としては、もっぱら染剤で染めるのがほとんどで、治療剤としても種々の毛髪用化粧料が報告されているが、根本的な治療剤として広く応用されるに至っているものはない。
【0005】
白斑は原発疹の一種で、メラニン色素脱失によって生じた班をいい、最も症例の多い尋常性白斑は、内分泌、自律神経機能障害、内部臓器疾患などの全身性変調が素因となり、皮膚の一部に境界鮮明なメラニン色素脱失をきたしたものである。このような白斑症に対しても現在、適切な治療法はない。
【0006】
一方、クベビン(cubebin)の薬理学的活性としては酢酸ライジング法における鎮痛活性(例えば、下記非特許文献1)、カラゲニンおよびセロトニン誘発足浮腫試験における抗炎症効果(例えば、下記非特許文献2)、哺乳類宿主の血液および髄液と媒介昆虫の体液に寄生するトリパノソーマ原虫に対する殺虫効果(例えば、下記非特許文献3)などが報告されている。
【0007】
【非特許文献1】
Phytochemistry、2000(55)、809−13
【非特許文献2】
J.of Ethanopharmacology、2001(75)、279−81
【非特許文献3】
Planta Medica、1999(65)、541−4
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従って、本発明はメラニン産生促進剤、並びにメラニン産生促進効果に優れた、白毛症および白斑症などのメラニン産生不全症を予防および/または治療するための薬剤を提供することを目的としてなされたものである。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは鋭意研究を行った結果、下記一般式1、構造式1、2及び3で表される化合物が、メラニン産生促進効果に優れ、白毛症および白斑症などのメラニン産生不全症を予防および/または治療することができることを見出し、本発明を完成した。
(1) 下記一般式1で表される化合物を含有することを特徴とするメラニン産生不全症の予防および/または治療剤。
【0010】
(一般式1)
【化9】

Figure 0004319417
【0011】
(式中、R、R、RおよびRは各々独立して水酸基またはメトキシ基を意味するか、あるいはRとRおよび/またはRとRは一緒になってメチレンジオキシ基を意味する。)
(2) 下記構造式1で表されるクベビン(cubebin)を含有することを特徴とするメラニン産生不全症の予防および/または治療剤。
【0012】
(構造式1)
【化10】
Figure 0004319417
【0013】
(3) 下記構造式2で表される3,4−ジメトキシ−3,4−デスメチレンジオキシクベビン(3,4−dimethoxy−3,4−desmethylendioxycubebin)を含有することを特徴とするメラニン産生不全症の予防および/または治療剤。
【0014】
(構造式2)
【化11】
Figure 0004319417
【0015】
(4) 下記構造式3で表される3’,4’−ジメトキシ−3’,4’−デスメチレンジオキシクベビン(3’,4’−dimethoxy−3’,4’−desmethylendioxycubebin)を含有することを特徴とするメラニン産生不全症の予防および/または治療剤。
【0016】
(構造式3)
【化12】
Figure 0004319417
【0017】
(5) クベビン、3,4−ジメトキシ−3,4−デスメチレンジオキシクベビン(3,4−dimethoxy−3,4−desmethylendioxycubebin)及び/又は3’,4’−ジメトキシ−3’,4’−デスメチレンジオキシクベビン(3’,4’−dimethoxy−3’,4’−desmethylendioxycubebin)を含む植物及び/又はそれら植物の抽出物を含有することを特徴とするメラニン産生不全症の予防および/または治療剤。
(6) 植物が、Piper cubeba、Piper nigrum、Piper Chaba、Virola surinamensis、Aristolochia triangularis、Zanthoxylum naranjillo、及びLychnophora ericoidesから選ばれるものであることを特徴とする上記(5)に記載のメラニン産生不全症の予防および/または治療剤。
(7) メラニン産生不全症が白毛症または白斑症である上記(1)〜(6)のいずれか1項記載のメラニン産生不全症の予防および/または治療剤。
(8) 剤形が皮膚外用剤である上記(1)〜(7)のいずれか1項記載のメラニン産生不全症の予防および/または治療剤。
(9) 下記一般式1で表される化合物を含有することを特徴とするメラニン産生促進剤。
【0018】
(一般式1)
【化13】
Figure 0004319417
【0019】
(式中、R、R、RおよびRは各々独立して水酸基またはメトキシ基を意味するか、あるいはRとRおよび/またはRとRは一緒になってメチレンジオキシ基を意味する。)
(10) 下記構造式1で表されるクベビン(cubebin)を含有することを特徴とするメラニン産生促進剤。
【0020】
(構造式1)
【化14】
Figure 0004319417
【0021】
(11) 下記構造式2で表される3,4−ジメトキシ−3,4−デスメチレンジオキシクベビン(3,4−dimethoxy−3,4−desmethylendioxycubebin)を含有することを特徴とするメラニン産生促進剤。
【0022】
(構造式2)
【化15】
Figure 0004319417
【0023】
(12) 下記構造式3で表される3’,4’−ジメトキシ−3’,4’−デスメチレンジオキシクベビン(3’,4’−dimethoxy−3’,4’−desmethylendioxycubebin)を含有することを特徴とするメラニン産生促進剤。
【0024】
(構造式3)
【化16】
Figure 0004319417
【0025】
(13) クベビン、3,4−ジメトキシ−3,4−デスメチレンジオキシクベビン(3,4−dimethoxy−3,4−desmethylendioxycubebin)及び/又は3’,4’−ジメトキシ−3’,4’−デスメチレンジオキシクベビン(3’,4’−dimethoxy−3’,4’−desmethylendioxycubebin)を含む植物及び/又はそれら植物の抽出物を含有することを特徴とするメラニン産生促進剤。
(14) 植物が、Piper cubeba、Piper nigrum、Piper Chaba、Virola surinamensis、Aristolochia triangularis、Zanthoxylum naranjillo、及びLychnophora ericoidesから選ばれるものであることを特徴とする上記(13)に記載のメラニン産生促進剤。
(15) 剤形が皮膚外用剤である上記(9)〜(14)のいずれか1項記載のメラニン産生促進剤。
【0026】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明に係るクベビン(cubebin)、3,4−ジメトキシ−3,4−デスメチレンジオキシクベビン(3,4−dimethoxy−3,4−desmethylendioxycubebin)、3’,4’−ジメトキシ−3’,4’−デスメチレンジオキシクベビン(3’,4’−dimethoxy−3’,4’−desmethylendioxycubebin)あるいはクベビン同族体はリグナン(lignan)の一種であり公知の物質である。クベビン(cubebin)は1839年にPiper cubeba(ヒッチョウカ)の果実から初めて単離(Ann.、1839(31)、190−192)された。さらに1936年に構造決定され、1969年に合成(J.Chem.Soc.(C)、1969、2470−7)されている。またクベビン(cubebin)および3,4−ジメトキシ−3,4−デスメチレンジオキシクベビン(3,4−dimethoxy−3,4−desmethylendioxycubebin)、クベビン同族体である3’,4’−ジメトキシ−3’,4’−デスメチレンジオキシクベビン(3’,4’−dimethoxy−3’,4’−desmethylendioxycubebin)はPiper nigrum(コショウ)の葉から1988年に単離(Indian J.Chem.、1988(27B)、388−9)されている。その他クベビン(cubebin)あるいはクベビン同属体はコショウ科植物であるPiper Chaba、ニクズク科植物であるVirola surinamensis(ビローラ)、ウマノスズクサ科植物であるAristolochia triangularis、ミカン科植物であるZanthoxylum naranjillo、キク科植物であるLychnophora ericoidesなどから単離あるいは同定されている。しかしながら、これら化合物がメラニン産生促進活性を有することはこれまで知られておらず、本発明者らによって今回初めて見出された知見である。
【0027】
このように、クベビン(cubebin)、3,4−ジメトキシ−3,4−デスメチレンジオキシクベビン(3,4−dimethoxy−3,4−desmethylendioxycubebin)、3’,4’−ジメトキシ−3’,4’−デスメチレンジオキシクベビン(3’,4’−dimethoxy−3’,4’−desmethylendioxycubebin)あるいはその他のクベビン同族体は天然物として多くの植物に含有されているので、これらのリグナンを含有する植物の抽出物を精製して得ることができる。例えば、構造式1で表されるクベビン(cubebin)、構造式2で表される3,4−ジメトキシ−3,4−デスメチレンジオキシクベビン(3,4−dimethoxy−3,4−desmethylendioxycubebin)、構造式3で表される3’,4’−ジメトキシ−3’,4’−デスメチレンジオキシクベビン(3’,4’−dimethoxy−3’,4’−desmethylendioxycubebin)はPiper nigrumあるいはPiper cubebaなどのコショウ科(Piperaceae)植物ほかに含有されることが知られている。
これらの植物を構成する全てまたは植物を構成する一部(例えば、葉、根、根茎、茎、花、果実、果皮など)に抽出溶媒を加え、室温であれば数日、沸点付近の温度であれば数時間浸漬し、濾過した後濃縮し、カラムクロマトグラフィー等の方法によって精製することにより、本発明に係る化合物を得ることができる。抽出溶媒としては、水、親水性有機溶媒等を挙げることができる。親水性有機溶媒としては、例えば、メタノール、エタノール、プロパノール、ブタノール等の炭素数1〜4の低級アルコール、メチルエーテル、エチルエーテル等の炭素数2〜4のエーテルやアセトン、エチルメチルケトン等の炭素数2〜4のケトンなどを挙げることができる。抽出溶媒は、単一種でも、2種以上を組み合わせて使用してもよく、また、水とこれらの親水性有機溶媒を混合して、含水アルコールなどにしてもよい。抽出溶媒の使用量は特に限定されるものではない。
また、上述の文献(J.Chem.Soc.(C)、1969、2470−7)に記載の方法による化学合成によっても、本発明に係る化合物を得ることができる。本発明では、これらのいずれの方法で製造された、一般式1、構造式1、2、3で表される化合物であっても、メラニン産生不全症の予防および/または治療剤、及びメラニン産生促進剤として使用できる。
【0028】
本発明にかかるクベビン等のメラニン産生不全症の予防および/または治療剤及びメラニン産生促進剤は、経口または非経口的に投与することができ、対象とする疾病に見合った剤形を選択すればよい。経口的に投与する製剤としては、錠剤、カプセル剤、散剤、顆粒剤、細粒剤、内服液剤等を挙げることができる。また、非経口的に投与する製剤としては、注射剤、点眼剤やエキス剤、酒精剤、座剤、懸濁剤、チンキ剤、軟膏剤、パップ剤、リニメント剤、ローション剤、エアゾール剤、プラスター剤等の皮膚外用剤を挙げることができる。本発明においては、投与が簡便な皮膚外用剤が好ましい。また、本発明にかかるメラニン産生不全症の予防および/または治療剤、及びメラニン産生促進剤は、ローション、クリーム、化粧水、乳液、フォーム剤、ファンデーション、パック剤、皮膚洗浄料、シャンプー、リンス、コンディショナー、ヘアトニック、ヘアリキッド、ヘアクリーム等の化粧料組成物に配合することもできる。
製剤化は、公知の製剤技術により行うことができ、製剤中には適当な製剤添加物を加えることができる。製剤添加物としては、賦形剤、懸濁化剤、乳化剤、保湿(湿潤)剤、保存剤、界面活性剤、増粘剤、防腐剤、酸化防止剤、色素、香料、噴射剤等を挙げることができ、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で適宣加えることができる。
製剤における本発明の化合物の含有量は、対象疾患、性別、年齢、症状、投与方法等を考慮して、適宜検討すればよいが、製剤中に0.0001〜20.0重量%配合するのが好ましく、0.01〜10.0重量%配合するのがさらに好ましい。
【0029】
本発明のメラニン産生不全症の予防および/または治療剤及びメラニン産生促進剤は、その製剤中に、その他、公知のチロシナーゼ活性促進剤やメラニン産生促進剤、各種植物抽出物、血行促進剤、抗脂漏剤、抗炎症剤などの成分を配合してもよい。
これら成分としては、例えば、サンショウ、タカサブロウ、プレ・パンダク、サフラン、カユ・ラペ、グアコミスト、アルゴドネラ、フアイルル、アングアラーテ、ピングイカ、アリタソウ、ザポテ、アクスコパクエ、ウンシュウミカン、ナツミカン、オレンジ、ハッサク、イヨカン、グレープフルーツ、ユコウ、スダチ、カボス、ポンカン、キンカン、キンズ、マルキンカン、ナガキンカン、カラタチ、オウレン、センブリ、アシタバ等の植物類、ムキタケ、マツオオジ、タモギタケ、ブナハリタケ、コフキサルノコシカケ、シロマイタケ、カンゾウタケ、メシマコブ、カバノアナタケ、アミガサタケ、ヌメリスギタケ、ツクリタケ等の担子菌類、コックル、ミドリイガイ、カキ、ヨーロッパガキ、ホタテガイ、アサリ、ハマグリ、バカガイ、イソシジミガイ、アカガイ、アワビ、サザエ、バイ等の貝類、およびこれらの抽出物等を挙げることができる。これらの成分は、1種または2種以上を組み合わせて配合してもよい。
【0030】
【実施例】
次に、実施例を挙げて本発明をさらに説明するが、本発明はこれら実施例に限定されるものではない。
【0031】
本発明のクベビン(cubebin)および3,4−ジメトキシ−3,4−デスメチレンジオキシクベビン(3,4−dimethoxy−3,4−desmethylendioxycubebin)の製法(単離・精製)ならびにメラニン産生促進作用に関する試験方法およびその結果を示す。
【0032】
<実施例1>Piper nigrum(コショウ)の葉からのクベビン(cubebin)および3,4−ジメトキシ−3,4−デスメチレンジオキシクベビン(3,4−dimethoxy−3,4−desmethylendioxycubebin)の単離
【0033】
Piper nigrum(コショウ)の葉(乾燥重量;100g)を細切し、メタノール(各1L)で、還流抽出(各1時間)を3回行った。抽出液を減圧濃縮し、メタノール抽出エキス(13.6g)を得、12.8gをヘキサン、酢酸エチル、水で順次分配した。酢酸エチル可溶相を濃縮して得られたエキス(4.1g、収率4.4%)のうち3.8gをシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(Merck No.1.07734 silica gel 60;240g、カラム内径4.5cm、高さ30cm、ヘキサン:酢酸エチル=4:1から1:1で流出)に付し、活性画分A(756mg、2:1から1:1で溶出される画分)および活性画分B(520mg、1:1で溶出される画分)を得た。これら分画をそれぞれ、再度シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーに付し精製した後、再結晶により、画分Aからクベビン(cubebin)を160mg、画分Bから3,4−ジメトキシ−3,4−デスメチレンジオキシクベビン(3,4−dimethoxy−3,4−desmethylendioxycubebin)を142mg得た。これら化合物はHおよび13C−NMRデータの詳細な解析および融点と旋光度値等から同定した。
【0034】
<実施例2>マウス由来B16メラノーマ細胞培養法を利用したメラニン産生促進作用の検討
マウス由来B16メラノーマ細胞はメラニン産生、樹状突起形成などの分化能を有し、これらは何れもα−メラノサイト刺激ホルモン(α―MSH)やテオフィリンにより促進されることが知られている。そこで、テオフィリンを陽性対照薬として実施例1で得られた化合物のメラニン産生促進作用を調べた。
【0035】
細胞株および培養条件;B16メラノーマ培養細胞をD−MEM培地(Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium;インビトロジェン社製)に10%ウシ胎児血清(FBS;ICNBiomedicals社製)、ペニシリン(100 U/ml)、ストレプトマイシン(100μl/ml)、アンホテリシンB(0.25μg/ml)を加えた基礎培地(D−MEM medium)を用い、37℃、5%CO下にて培養した。
【0036】
メラニン産生促進作用の検討;継代回数8回のマウス由来B16メラノーマ培養細胞をD−MEM mediumで2×10cells/ウェル/1.9ml(6穴プレート)に調整し、COインキュベータ(5%CO)内、37℃の条件下で24時間予備培養した。最終濃度0.3、1.0および3.0μMになるように濃度を調整した被検体を100μl/ウェルずつ添加し、さらに4日間培養を継続し、以下の方法でメラニン量を測定した。なお、被検体はジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO、Sigma社製)、D−PBS(Dulbecco’s phosphate bufferd saline、インビトロジェン社製)の1:1(v/v)溶液に溶解し、あらかじめD−MEM mediumで希釈して濃度を調整した。また、DMSOの最終濃度は0.5%に調整した。陽性対照薬としてテオフィリンを用いた。対照群にはDMSO/D−PBSの1:1(v/v)溶液をDMSOの最終濃度が0.5%になるようにD−MEM mediumで希釈したものを添加した。
【0037】
メラニンの測定;トリプシン(インビトロジェン社製)処理で集めた細胞をD−PBSで洗浄した後、1M NaOH(400μl)を加え80℃、30分間加熱溶解し、本溶液の吸光度(475nm)をメラニン量とした。
なお、活性化率は、以下の式で求めた。
活性化率(%)=100×(被検体の値−対照の値)/対照の値
【0038】
実験結果を表1に示す。表1から明らかなようにクベビン(cubebin)および3,4−ジメトキシ−3,4−デスメチレンジオキシクベビン(3,4−dimethoxy−3,4−desmethylendioxycubebin)はメラニン産生促進作用を示した。
【0039】
【表1】
Figure 0004319417
メラニン量は平均値±標準誤差、有意差は*;p<0.05、**;p<0.01で表記した。
【0040】
実施例3(エモリエントクリーム)
以下に示す組成のエモリエントクリームを常法により製造した。
【0041】
(組成) (重量%)
ステアリン酸 2.0
ステアリルアルコール 7.0
還元ラノリン 2.0
スクワレン 5.0
オクチルデカノール 6.0
ポリオキシエチレンセチルエーテル 3.0
親油型モノオキシステアリン酸グリセリン 2.0
香料 0.3
防腐剤、酸化防止剤 適 量
プロピレングリコール 5.0
クベビン 1.0
精製水 全体で100となる量
【0042】
実施例4(エモリエントローション)
以下に示す組成のエモリエントローションを常法により製造した。
【0043】
(組成) (重量%)
ステアリン酸 0.2
セタノール 1.5
ワセリン 3.0
ラノリンアルコール 2.0
流動パラフィン 10.0
ポリオキシエチレンモノオレイン酸エステル 2.0
香料 0.3
グリセリン 3.0
プロピレングリコール 5.0
トリエタノールアミン 1.0
クベビン 1.0
精製水 全体で100となる量
【0044】
【発明の効果】
本発明にかかる、一般式1で示されるクベビン同族体、クベビン(cubebin)、3,4−ジメトキシ−3,4−デスメチレンジオキシクベビン(3,4−dimethoxy−3,4−desmethylendioxycubebin)、及び3’,4’−ジメトキシ−3’,4’−デスメチレンジオキシクベビン(3’,4’−dimethoxy−3’,4’−desmethylendioxycubebin)は、メラニン産生促進効果に優れたものであり、皮膚外用剤、経口投与剤などとして好適に使用することができ、白毛症および白斑症などのメラニン産生不全症を予防、治療することができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a preventive and / or therapeutic agent for melanin production deficiencies such as balding and leukoplakia. More specifically, the present invention relates to a drug having an action of promoting melanin production of melanoid which produces melanin which is deeply involved in maintenance of black hair and determination of skin tone.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Melanin produced from melanin-producing cells present in the epidermis or hair is transferred to keratinocytes and supplied and dispersed in the tissue as the keratinocytes proliferate and differentiate. At this time, the color tone of the tissue is determined by the quantitative and qualitative difference of melanin supplied to the tissue. Pigmentation, such as skin darkening caused by drugs such as stains, buckwheat, dark skin and steroids, is a disease caused by excessive deposition of melanin on the skin.
[0003]
On the other hand, as a result of lack or decrease in the ability to produce melanin, leukoderma and vitiligo on the skin occur with aging. Alopecia is a phenomenon in which white hair is formed in a localized island shape, and is mainly due to melanogenesis in hair follicles due to a decrease in the enzyme activity of tyrosinase. This melanin is widely distributed in the animal and plant kingdoms. In vertebrates, tyrosine is oxidized by tyrosinase in the melanocyte cytoplasmic granule melanosome, and dopa and dopaquinone are biosynthesized. It is known that polymerization occurs via quinone formation, and melanin is finally biosynthesized. The produced melanin is secreted from the melanocyte dendrites to the hair matrix cells or basal cells, and blackens the skin and hair. Such a failure of the melanin production mechanism is unfavorable cosmetically or mentally regardless of gender.
[0004]
However, at present, most of the treatment methods for white hair disease are dyeing exclusively with dyes, and various hair cosmetics have been reported as therapeutic agents, but they are widely applied as fundamental therapeutic agents. There is nothing that has led to.
[0005]
Vitiligo is a type of primary rash and refers to a segment caused by loss of melanin.The most common cases of common vitiligo are predisposed to systemic modulation such as endocrine, autonomic dysfunction, and internal organ disease. The melanin loss of the border is clear in the part. There is currently no appropriate treatment for such leukoplakia.
[0006]
On the other hand, as the pharmacological activity of cubebin, analgesic activity in the acetic acid rising method (for example, Non-Patent Document 1 below), anti-inflammatory effect in carrageenin and serotonin-induced foot edema test (for example, Non-Patent Document 2 below) Insecticidal effects against Trypanosoma protozoa parasitizing blood and spinal fluid of mammalian hosts and body fluids of vector insects (for example, Non-patent Document 3 below) have been reported.
[0007]
[Non-Patent Document 1]
Phytochemistry, 2000 (55), 809-13
[Non-Patent Document 2]
J. et al. of Ethanopharmacology, 2001 (75), 279-81
[Non-Patent Document 3]
Planta Medica, 1999 (65), 541-4
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Accordingly, the present invention has been made for the purpose of providing a melanin production promoter and a drug for preventing and / or treating melanin production deficiencies such as baldness and vitiligo, which are excellent in melanin production promoting effect. Is.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies, the present inventors have found that the compounds represented by the following general formula 1, structural formulas 1, 2 and 3 have an excellent melanin production promoting effect, and melanin production deficiencies such as baldness and leukoplakia Has been found to be able to be prevented and / or treated, and the present invention has been completed.
(1) A prophylactic and / or therapeutic agent for melanin production deficiency, comprising a compound represented by the following general formula 1.
[0010]
(General formula 1)
[Chemical 9]
Figure 0004319417
[0011]
(Wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 each independently represent a hydroxyl group or a methoxy group, or R 1 and R 2 and / or R 3 and R 4 together represent methylene di- Means an oxy group.)
(2) A preventive and / or therapeutic agent for melanin production deficiency, comprising cubine represented by the following structural formula 1.
[0012]
(Structural formula 1)
Embedded image
Figure 0004319417
[0013]
(3) Melanin production characterized by containing 3,4-dimethoxy-3,4-desmethylenedioxycubebin (3,4-dimethoxy-3,4-desmethylenoxycubine) represented by the following structural formula 2 Prophylactic and / or therapeutic agent for deficiency.
[0014]
(Structural formula 2)
Embedded image
Figure 0004319417
[0015]
(4) Contains 3 ′, 4′-dimethoxy-3 ′, 4′-desmethylenedioxycubebin (3 ′, 4′-dimetic-3 ′, 4′-desmethylenoxycubine) represented by the following structural formula 3. A preventive and / or therapeutic agent for melanin production deficiency.
[0016]
(Structural formula 3)
Embedded image
Figure 0004319417
[0017]
(5) Cobebin, 3,4-dimethoxy-3,4-desmethylenedioxycubebin and / or 3 ′, 4′-dimethoxy-3 ′, 4 ′ -Prevention of melanin production deficiency characterized by containing a plant containing desmethylenedioxycubebin (3 ', 4'-dimethyl-3-3,4'-desmethylenoxycubine) and / or an extract of these plants, and / Or therapeutic agent.
(6) The plant is characterized by the production of Pipe cuba, Pipe nigrum, Pipe Chaba, Virola surinamensis, Aristolochia triangularis, Zanthoxylum naranjilo, and Lychnophores. Prophylactic and / or therapeutic agent.
(7) The preventive and / or therapeutic agent for melanin production deficiency according to any one of (1) to (6) above, wherein the melanin production deficiency is leukoderma or leukoplakia.
(8) The preventive and / or therapeutic agent for melanin production deficiency according to any one of (1) to (7) above, wherein the dosage form is an external preparation for skin.
(9) A melanin production promoter comprising a compound represented by the following general formula 1.
[0018]
(General formula 1)
Embedded image
Figure 0004319417
[0019]
(Wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 each independently represent a hydroxyl group or a methoxy group, or R 1 and R 2 and / or R 3 and R 4 together represent methylene di- Means an oxy group.)
(10) A melanin production promoter comprising cubine represented by the following structural formula 1.
[0020]
(Structural formula 1)
Embedded image
Figure 0004319417
[0021]
(11) Melanin production characterized by containing 3,4-dimethoxy-3,4-desmethylenedioxycubebin (3,4-dimethoxy-3,4-desmethylenoxycubine) represented by the following structural formula 2 Accelerator.
[0022]
(Structural formula 2)
Embedded image
Figure 0004319417
[0023]
(12) Contains 3 ′, 4′-dimethoxy-3 ′, 4′-desmethylenedioxycubebin (3 ′, 4′-dimethyl-3 ′, 4′-desmethylenoxycubine) represented by the following structural formula 3. A melanin production promoter characterized by
[0024]
(Structural formula 3)
Embedded image
Figure 0004319417
[0025]
(13) Qubevin, 3,4-dimethoxy-3,4-desmethylenedioxycubebin and / or 3 ′, 4′-dimethoxy-3 ′, 4 ′ A melanin production promoter comprising a plant containing desmethylenedioxycubebin (3 ′, 4′-dimethyl-3 ′, 4′-desmethylenoxycubine) and / or an extract thereof.
(14) The plant is selected from Pipe cuba, Pipe nigrum, Pipe chaba, Virola surinamensis, Aristolochia triangularis, Zanthoxylum naranjillo and Lychnophores.
(15) The melanin production promoter according to any one of (9) to (14), wherein the dosage form is an external preparation for skin.
[0026]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Cubebin according to the present invention, 3,4-dimethoxy-3,4-desmethylenedioxycubebin (3,4-dimethoxy-3,4-desmethylenoxycubebin), 3 ', 4'-dimethoxy-3', 4′-desmethylenedioxycubebin (3 ′, 4′-dimethyloxy-3 ′, 4′-desmethylenoxycubine) or a cobebin homolog is a kind of lignan and is a known substance. Cubebin was first isolated from the fruit of Piper cubeba (Ann., 1839 (31), 190-192) in 1839. Furthermore, the structure was determined in 1936 and synthesized in 1969 (J. Chem. Soc. (C), 1969, 2470-7). Also, cubine and 3,4-dimethoxy-3,4-desmethylenedioxycubebin, 3 ', 4'-dimethoxy-3, which is a homologue of cubine, are 3,4-dimethoxy-3,4-desmethylenedioxycubebin. ', 4'-desmethylenedioxycubebin (3', 4'-dimetic-3 ', 4'-desmethylenoxycubine) was isolated from the leaves of Piper nigrum in 1988 (Indian J. Chem., 1988). (27B), 388-9). Others are cubebin or cubebine congeners such as Piper Chaba which is a pepper family plant, Virola urinamensis which is a asteraceae plant, Arlolochia triangularis which is a plant of Zanthaceae, or a lanthonia family which is a lanthonia family, lanthoniax. It has been isolated or identified from Lychnophora ericoides. However, it has not been known so far that these compounds have melanin production promoting activity, and this is the first finding discovered by the present inventors.
[0027]
Thus, cubine, 3,4-dimethoxy-3,4-desmethylenedioxycubebin, 3,4'-dimethoxy-3 ', 3', 4'-dimethoxy-3 ', Since 4′-desmethylenedioxycubebin (3 ′, 4′-dimethyloxy-3 ′, 4′-desmethylenoxycubine) or other cobebin congeners are contained in many plants as natural products, these lignans are It can be obtained by purifying the extract of the contained plant. For example, cubine represented by Structural Formula 1 and 3,4-dimethoxy-3,4-desmethylenedioxycubebin represented by Structural Formula 2 (3,4-dimethoxy-3,4-desmethylenoxycubine) 3 ', 4'-dimethoxy-3', 4'-desmethylenedioxycubebin (3 ', 4'-dimethyloxy-3be, 4'-desmethylenoxycubine) represented by Structural Formula 3 is Piper nigrum or Piper. It is known to be contained in pepperaceae plants such as cubeba.
Add an extraction solvent to all or part of these plants (for example, leaves, roots, rhizomes, stems, flowers, fruits, skins, etc.) and at room temperature for several days at temperatures near the boiling point. If so, the compound according to the present invention can be obtained by soaking for several hours, filtering, concentrating, and purifying by a method such as column chromatography. Examples of the extraction solvent include water and hydrophilic organic solvents. Examples of the hydrophilic organic solvent include lower alcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms such as methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol, ethers having 2 to 4 carbon atoms such as methyl ether and ethyl ether, and carbon such as acetone and ethyl methyl ketone. Examples thereof include ketones having a number of 2 to 4. The extraction solvent may be a single type or a combination of two or more types, or water and these hydrophilic organic solvents may be mixed to form a hydrous alcohol. The amount of the extraction solvent used is not particularly limited.
Moreover, the compound which concerns on this invention can be obtained also by the chemical synthesis by the method as described in the above-mentioned literature (J. Chem. Soc. (C), 1969, 2470-7). In the present invention, a prophylactic and / or therapeutic agent for melanin production insufficiency, and melanin production, regardless of the compound represented by General Formula 1, Structural Formulas 1, 2, and 3 produced by any of these methods Can be used as an accelerator.
[0028]
The prophylactic and / or therapeutic agent for melanin production disorders such as cobebin and the melanin production promoter according to the present invention can be administered orally or parenterally, and a dosage form suitable for the target disease can be selected. Good. Examples of the preparation to be administered orally include tablets, capsules, powders, granules, fine granules, internal liquids and the like. In addition, preparations for parenteral administration include injections, eye drops and extracts, spirits, suppositories, suspensions, tinctures, ointments, poultices, liniments, lotions, aerosols, plasters An external preparation for skin such as an agent can be mentioned. In the present invention, a skin external preparation that is easy to administer is preferred. Further, the preventive and / or therapeutic agent for melanin production deficiency and the melanin production promoter according to the present invention include lotions, creams, lotions, emulsions, foams, foundations, packs, skin cleansers, shampoos, rinses, It can also mix | blend with cosmetics compositions, such as a conditioner, a hair tonic, a hair liquid, and a hair cream.
Formulation can be performed by known formulation techniques, and appropriate formulation additives can be added to the formulation. Formulation additives include excipients, suspending agents, emulsifiers, moisturizing (wetting) agents, preservatives, surfactants, thickeners, preservatives, antioxidants, dyes, fragrances, propellants and the like. And can be added as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
The content of the compound of the present invention in the preparation may be appropriately determined in consideration of the target disease, sex, age, symptom, administration method, and the like. Is preferable, and it is more preferable to mix | blend 0.01 to 10.0 weight%.
[0029]
The preventive and / or therapeutic agent for melanin production deficiency and the melanin production promoter of the present invention include other known tyrosinase activity promoters, melanin production promoters, various plant extracts, blood circulation promoters, You may mix | blend components, such as a seborrheic agent and an anti-inflammatory agent.
These ingredients include, for example, salamander, takasaburo, pre-pandak, saffron, kayla lape, guacomist, algodonera, firuru, anguarate, ping squid, licorice, zapote, axopopaque, unshimikan, natsumikan, orange, hassaku, iyokan, grapefruit , Yuko, Sudachi, Kabosu, Ponkan, Kumquat, Kins, Mulkinkan, Nagakinkan, Karatachi, Auren, Senburi, Ashitaba, etc. Basidiomycetes such as morel mushrooms, numeric oyster mushrooms, tsukutake mushrooms, cockles, green mussels, oysters, oysters, scallops, clams, clams, stupids , Isoshijimigai can include ark shell, abalone, turban, shellfish by such, and these extracts. You may mix | blend these components 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
[0030]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Next, although an Example is given and this invention is further demonstrated, this invention is not limited to these Examples.
[0031]
Production method (isolation / purification) of cubine and 3,4-dimethoxy-3,4-desmethylenedioxycubebin (isolation / purification) and melanin production promoting action of the present invention Shows the test method and results.
[0032]
<Example 1> Singles of cubebin and 3,4-dimethoxy-3,4-desmethylenedioxycubebin (3,4-dimethoxy-3,4-desmethylenoxycubine) from leaves of pepper nigrum (pepper) Release [0033]
Pipe nigrum (pepper) leaves (dry weight; 100 g) were cut into small pieces and subjected to reflux extraction (1 hour each) with methanol (1 L each) three times. The extract was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain a methanol extract (13.6 g), and 12.8 g was partitioned sequentially with hexane, ethyl acetate, and water. Of the extract obtained by concentrating the ethyl acetate soluble phase (4.1 g, yield 4.4%), 3.8 g was subjected to silica gel column chromatography (Merck No. 1.07734 silica gel 60; 240 g, column inner diameter). 4.5 cm, height 30 cm, hexane: ethyl acetate = flowing from 4: 1 to 1: 1), active fraction A (756 mg, fraction eluting from 2: 1 to 1: 1) and activity Fraction B (520 mg, a fraction eluted at 1: 1) was obtained. Each of these fractions was purified again by silica gel column chromatography, and then recrystallized to 160 mg of cubine from fraction A and 3,4-dimethoxy-3,4-desmethylenedi from fraction B. 142 mg of oxycubebin (3,4-dimethyl-3,4-desmethylenoxycubine) was obtained. These compounds were identified from detailed analysis of 1 H and 13 C-NMR data, melting points and optical rotation values, and the like.
[0034]
<Example 2> Examination of melanin production promoting action using mouse-derived B16 melanoma cell culture method Mouse-derived B16 melanoma cells have differentiation ability such as melanin production and dendrite formation, all of which are stimulated with α-melanocytes. It is known to be promoted by hormone (α-MSH) and theophylline. Therefore, the melanin production promoting action of the compound obtained in Example 1 was examined using theophylline as a positive control agent.
[0035]
Cell line and culture conditions: B16 melanoma cultured cells were cultured in D-MEM medium (Dulbecco's modified easy medium; manufactured by Invitrogen), 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; manufactured by ICN Biomedicals), penicillin (100 U / ml), streptomycin (100 μl / ml) and basal medium (D-MEM medium) supplemented with amphotericin B (0.25 μg / ml) were cultured at 37 ° C. under 5% CO 2 .
[0036]
Examination of melanin production promoting action: B16 melanoma cultured cells derived from mice with 8 passages were adjusted to 2 × 10 4 cells / well / 1.9 ml (6-well plate) with D-MEM medium, and CO 2 incubator (5 % CO 2 ) at 37 ° C. for 24 hours. Samples whose concentrations were adjusted to final concentrations of 0.3, 1.0, and 3.0 μM were added by 100 μl / well, and the culture was further continued for 4 days. The amount of melanin was measured by the following method. The specimen was dissolved in a 1: 1 (v / v) solution of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, manufactured by Sigma) or D-PBS (Dulbecco's phosphate buffer saline, manufactured by Invitrogen), and previously prepared with D-MEM medium. The concentration was adjusted by dilution. The final concentration of DMSO was adjusted to 0.5%. Theophylline was used as a positive control. To the control group, a 1: 1 (v / v) solution of DMSO / D-PBS diluted with D-MEM medium so that the final concentration of DMSO was 0.5% was added.
[0037]
Measurement of melanin; cells collected by trypsin (manufactured by Invitrogen) were washed with D-PBS, 1M NaOH (400 μl) was added and dissolved by heating at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes, and the absorbance (475 nm) of this solution was measured as the amount of melanin. It was.
In addition, the activation rate was calculated | required with the following formula | equation.
Activation rate (%) = 100 × (analyte value−control value) / control value
The experimental results are shown in Table 1. As is clear from Table 1, cubine and 3,4-dimethoxy-3,4-desmethylenedioxycubebin (3,4-dimethylene-3,4-desmethylenoxycubine) showed melanin production promoting action.
[0039]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004319417
The amount of melanin was expressed as mean ± standard error, and the significant difference was expressed as *; p <0.05, **; p <0.01.
[0040]
Example 3 (emollient cream)
An emollient cream having the composition shown below was produced by a conventional method.
[0041]
(Composition) (wt%)
Stearic acid 2.0
Stearyl alcohol 7.0
Reduced lanolin 2.0
Squalene 5.0
Octyldecanol 6.0
Polyoxyethylene cetyl ether 3.0
Lipophilic glyceryl monooxystearate 2.0
Fragrance 0.3
Preservative, antioxidant Suitable amount Propylene glycol 5.0
Kubebin 1.0
Amount of purified water to be 100 in total [0042]
Example 4 (emollient lotion)
An emollient lotion having the following composition was produced by a conventional method.
[0043]
(Composition) (wt%)
Stearic acid 0.2
Cetanol 1.5
Vaseline 3.0
Lanolin alcohol 2.0
Liquid paraffin 10.0
Polyoxyethylene monooleate 2.0
Fragrance 0.3
Glycerin 3.0
Propylene glycol 5.0
Triethanolamine 1.0
Kubebin 1.0
Purified water Amount to be 100 in total [0044]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, a cobebin homologue represented by the general formula 1, cubebin, 3,4-dimethoxy-3,4-desmethylenedioxycubebin (3,4-dimethoxy-3,4-desmethylenoxycubine), And 3 ′, 4′-dimethoxy-3 ′, 4′-desmethylenedioxycubebin (3 ′, 4′-dimethyl-3 ′, 4′-desmethylenoxycubine) are excellent in melanin production promoting effect. It can be suitably used as an external preparation for skin, an orally administered agent, etc., and it can prevent and treat melanin production deficiencies such as baldness and vitiligo.

Claims (8)

下記一般式1で表される化合物を含有することを特徴とするメラニン産生不全症の予防および/または治療剤。
(一般式1)
Figure 0004319417
(式中、R、R、RおよびRは各々独立して水酸基またはメトキシ基を意味するか、あるいはRとRおよび/またはRとRは一緒になってメチレンジオキシ基を意味する。)
A prophylactic and / or therapeutic agent for melanin production deficiency, comprising a compound represented by the following general formula 1.
(General formula 1)
Figure 0004319417
(Wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 each independently represent a hydroxyl group or a methoxy group, or R 1 and R 2 and / or R 3 and R 4 together represent methylene di- Means an oxy group.)
下記構造式1で表されるクベビン(cubebin)を含有することを特徴とするメラニン産生不全症の予防および/または治療剤。
(構造式1)
Figure 0004319417
A preventive and / or therapeutic agent for melanin production insufficiency, comprising cobebin represented by the following structural formula 1.
(Structural formula 1)
Figure 0004319417
下記構造式2で表される3,4−ジメトキシ−3,4−デスメチレンジオキシクベビン(3,4−dimethoxy−3,4−desmethylendioxycubebin)を含有することを特徴とするメラニン産生不全症の予防および/または治療剤。
(構造式2)
Figure 0004319417
A melanin production deficiency characterized by containing 3,4-dimethoxy-3,4-desmethylenedioxycubebin (3,4-dimethoxy-3,4-desmethylenoxycubine) represented by the following structural formula 2. Prophylactic and / or therapeutic agent.
(Structural formula 2)
Figure 0004319417
下記構造式3で表される3’,4’−ジメトキシ−3’,4’−デスメチレンジオキシクベビン(3’,4’−dimethoxy−3’,4’−desmethylendioxycubebin)を含有することを特徴とするメラニン産生不全症の予防および/または治療剤。
(構造式3)
Figure 0004319417
Containing 3 ′, 4′-dimethoxy-3 ′, 4′-desmethylenedioxycubebin (3 ′, 4′-dimethyl-3 ′, 4′-desmethylenoxycubine) represented by the following structural formula 3. A prophylactic and / or therapeutic agent for melanin production deficiency.
(Structural formula 3)
Figure 0004319417
下記一般式1で表される化合物を含有することを特徴とするメラニン産生促進剤。
(一般式1)
Figure 0004319417
(式中、R、R、RおよびRは各々独立して水酸基またはメトキシ基を意味するか、あるいはRとRおよび/またはRとRは一緒になってメチレンジオキシ基を意味する。)
The melanin production promoter characterized by containing the compound represented by the following general formula 1.
(General formula 1)
Figure 0004319417
(Wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 each independently represent a hydroxyl group or a methoxy group, or R 1 and R 2 and / or R 3 and R 4 together represent methylene di- Means an oxy group.)
下記構造式1で表されるクベビン(cubebin)を含有することを特徴とするメラニン産生促進剤。
(構造式1)
Figure 0004319417
The melanin production promoter characterized by containing the cubebin represented by following Structural formula 1.
(Structural formula 1)
Figure 0004319417
下記構造式2で表される3,4−ジメトキシ−3,4−デスメチレンジオキシクベビン(3,4−dimethoxy−3,4−desmethylendioxycubebin)を含有することを特徴とするメラニン産生促進剤。
(構造式2)
Figure 0004319417
A melanin production promoter comprising 3,4-dimethoxy-3,4-desmethylenedioxycubebin (3,4-dimethoxy-3,4-desmethylenoxycubine) represented by the following structural formula 2.
(Structural formula 2)
Figure 0004319417
下記構造式3で表される3’,4’−ジメトキシ−3’,4’−デスメチレンジオキシクベビン(3’,4’−dimethoxy−3’,4’−desmethylendioxycubebin)を含有することを特徴とするメラニン産生促進剤。
(構造式3)
Figure 0004319417
Containing 3 ′, 4′-dimethoxy-3 ′, 4′-desmethylenedioxycubebin (3 ′, 4′-dimethyl-3 ′, 4′-desmethylenoxycubine) represented by the following structural formula 3. A characteristic melanin production promoter.
(Structural formula 3)
Figure 0004319417
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CH698627B1 (en) * 2007-08-16 2009-09-15 Alpinia Laudanum Inst Of Phytopharmaceutical Production and use of extracts or extractives from Piper cubeba L. as active ingredients in a drug used to treat cancers.
WO2011075801A1 (en) * 2009-12-21 2011-06-30 Acef S.A. Cubebin, dibenzylbutyrolactone lignan, semi-synthetic and synthetic derivatives thereof, and other lignans and neolignans as vasodilating agents in the therapy of erectile dysfunction
JP2019026605A (en) * 2017-08-01 2019-02-21 学校法人九州文化学園 Method for producing melanin synthesis promoting composition
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