JP4316307B2 - High temperature reaction vessel - Google Patents

High temperature reaction vessel Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4316307B2
JP4316307B2 JP2003172200A JP2003172200A JP4316307B2 JP 4316307 B2 JP4316307 B2 JP 4316307B2 JP 2003172200 A JP2003172200 A JP 2003172200A JP 2003172200 A JP2003172200 A JP 2003172200A JP 4316307 B2 JP4316307 B2 JP 4316307B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
reaction
inner cylinder
high temperature
refractory
container
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JP2003172200A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2005007239A (en
Inventor
本 明 杉
川 郁 男 井
木 章 方 鈴
田 靖 山
田 伸 広 山
原 一 郎 北
垣 慎 也 石
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JGC Corp
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JGC Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、反応容器に関し、さらに詳しくは高温高圧条件下での反応に特に適した高温反応用反応容器に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
メタンを主体とした天然ガスから、合成ガス(水素+一酸化炭素)を合成する反応としては、下記のような、発熱反応である部分酸化反応や、吸熱反応であるスチームリフォーミング反応がある。
【0003】
部分酸化反応:
2CH4 + O2 → 2CO + 4H2
スチームリフォーミング反応:
CH4 + H2O → CO + 3H2
合成ガスの生成反応においては、反応温度は900〜1400℃、反応圧力は70kg/cm2程度となることがある。
【0004】
このような高温高圧反応に対応した反応容器としては、外部の金属容器で高圧を支持し、その内部に耐火物を施工した構造の容器が多く用いられている。
【0005】
しかし、このような構造の反応容器では、加熱冷却を繰り返すうちに、耐火物に亀裂が入ることがある。耐火物に複数の亀裂が入ると、ガスホットバイパス(熱いガスが外部金属容器と耐火物との隙間を通って流れること)が生じ、外部金属側に高温のガスの流路ができて、結果として外部金属部分が高温に達し、外部金属部分の強度が落ちて破壊したり、極端な場合には溶解したりすることもある。また、耐火物に亀裂が入った結果、耐火物が剥落することもある。剥落した耐火物は、上記反応において触媒を用いた場合には、触媒に対して、触媒毒として作用することもある。
【0006】
近年、耐火物施工法が確立されつつあり、ガスホットバイパスや耐火物の剥落が生じる可能性は少なくなってきてはいるが、その可能性はなお残っている。
【0007】
このため、たとえば特許文献1では、このような高温高圧反応容器における耐火物の改善に関する発明が提案されている。
【0008】
しかし、どのような耐火物を用いたとしても、加熱冷却を繰り返す回数にはおのずから限界があり、最終的には亀裂の発生を防ぐことは実質的には不可能である。
【0009】
【特許文献1】
特開2002−220290号公報
【0010】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
したがって、本発明では、耐火物に亀裂が生じたとしても、ガスホットバイパスの発生や、耐火物が反応容器内部に剥落することを防止できる構造の高温反応用反応容器を提供することを目的としている。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明に係る高温反応用反応容器は、
一端に反応原料導入口と、他端に反応生成物取出口とを備えた筒型の高温反応用反応容器であって、
前記反応容器は金属製外筒と、耐火物からなる中筒と、中筒の内側に内筒とを有するとともに、前記反応原料導入口と前記反応生成物取出口との間に触媒層を設け、前記反応原料導入口と前記触媒層との間に逆火防止手段を配設したことを特徴としている。
【0013】
また、本発明の反応容器は、内筒に熱膨張の吸収手段を有することが好ましい。さらに、内筒が、ニッケル基耐熱合金または鉄系耐熱材料からなることが好ましく、また内筒の耐熱温度は900℃以上であることが好ましい。
【0014】
このような本発明の高温反応用反応容器は、天然ガスを反応原料とした、合成ガスの製造に特に好ましく用いられる。
【0015】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明に係る高温反応用反応容器について、具体的に説明する。
【0016】
本発明に係る高温反応用反応容器10は、図1に示すように、一端に反応原料導入口5と、他端に反応生成物取出口4とを備え、金属製の外筒1、耐火物からなる中筒2、中筒2の内側に設けられた内筒3を有する。
【0017】
外筒1は、反応時の高圧を支持する金属製の筒であり、その材質は特に限定はされないが、価格や入手の容易性などの点から比較的肉厚のクロム・モリブデン鋼またはステンレス鋼などが好ましく用いられる。外筒1の厚みは、その材質により様々であるが、一般的には5〜80mm、特に10〜30mm程度が好適である。
【0018】
中筒2は、反応時の高熱から外筒を保護するものであり、耐火物からなる。耐火物としては、特に限定はされず種々の耐火物が用いられる。中筒2の厚みは、その材質により様々であるが、一般的には50〜500mm、特に100〜300mm程度が好適である。
【0019】
中筒2の内側には内筒3が設けられている。内筒3は反応時の高温に対して耐性を有し、熱サイクルに曝露された場合であっても剥落することのない材質であれば特に限定はされないが、好ましくは高融点金属からなる。高融点金属としては、たとえばニッケル基耐熱合金または鉄系耐熱材料が好ましい。このような高融点金属のさらに具体的な例としては、スペシャル・メタルズ・コーポレーション社製、インコロイTM、インコネルTM、あるいは三菱マテリアル社製、ハステロイTMなどを例示することができる。また、内筒3の耐熱温度は、好ましくは900℃以上、さらに好ましくは900〜1400℃の範囲のある。ここで、耐熱温度とは、内筒3の変形や著しい強度低下が発生せず、また内筒3の構成材料と反応容器内容物(反応物、触媒)とが相互反応を起こしえない最高温度を意味する。
【0020】
内筒3の厚みは、その材質により様々であるが、一般的には1〜10mm、特に1〜6mm程度が好適である。このような内筒3を設けることで、中筒2を構成する耐火物に亀裂が入ったとしても、高温ガスは内筒3で遮断され反応帯域から外部に流出することはない。したがって、前述したようなガスホットバイパスが生じることもない。また、耐火物に多数の亀裂が入った場合であっても、耐火物が反応帯域に剥落することはなく、反応に悪影響を及ぼすこともない。
【0021】
本発明の高温反応用反応装置10の大きさは、プラントの規模や、目的とする合成反応により様々であるが、一般的には、内筒3の全長は1.0〜10.0m、特に1.5〜6.0m程度であり、また内筒3の内径は50〜7000mm、特に500〜3000mm程度が適当である。
【0022】
また、高温反応用反応装置10は、図示したように、一端に反応原料導入口5と、他端に反応生成物取出口4とを有する。そして、中筒2を構成する耐火物は、内筒3を完全に覆う構造とすることが好ましい。このような構造をとることで完全断熱が可能になる。
【0023】
本発明の高温反応用反応容器10では、上記のような構造を採用したため、耐火物に亀裂が発生したとしても、高温ガスが中筒2を構成する耐火物中に流通することがない。したがって、ガスホットバイパスの発生がなくなり、また、耐火物が反応容器内部に剥落することも防止できる。
【0024】
本発明の高温反応用反応容器10は、下記のような高温高圧反応に特に好ましく用いられる。
1.天然ガスを原料とした合成ガスの製造
2.水素ガスのリフォーミング
3.オキソガスのリフォーミング
4.メタノール製造用の合成ガスの製造
5.GTL(天然ガスからの液体燃料製造)用の合成ガスの製造
これらの反応では、温度が900〜1400℃程度、圧力が70kg/cm2程度になる場合もあるが、本発明の高温反応用反応容器10によれば、上述したように、ガスホットバイパスの発生や、耐火物が反応容器内部に剥落することがないため、安全かつ効率よく反応を行うことができる。
【0025】
また、本発明の高温反応用反応容器10においては、目的とする反応の種類に応じ、反応原料導入口5と反応生成物取出口4との間に触媒層6を設け、さらに反応原料導入口5と触媒層6との間に逆火(バックファイア)防止手段7を配設する
【0026】
触媒層6を構成する触媒は、目的とする反応の種類に応じ適宜に選択される。
【0027】
逆火防止手段7としては、容器10の長手方向に多数の孔を有する耐火物などが用いられる。上記のような天然ガスや水素を原料とした反応では、原料ガスの急激な燃焼によりバックファイアが発生し、容器に損傷を与えることがある。本発明では、逆火防止手段7を配置することで、このようなバックファイアによる容器への悪影響を低減することができる。
【0028】
また、本発明では、触媒層6と反応生成物取出口4との間に、触媒層保持手段8を設けてもよい。触媒層保持手段は、上述した容器10の長手方向に多数の孔を有する耐火物であってもよく、またアルミナボール等のセラミックボールであってもよいく、さらにこれらの組み合わせであってもよい。
【0029】
さらに、本発明の高温反応用反応容器10においては、内筒3の一部、好ましくは反応原料導入口5と触媒層6との間に、熱膨張吸収手段11を設けてもよい。
【0030】
熱膨張吸収手段11は、内筒3の膨張に起因する容器10の歪みを低減、解消できるものであれば特に限定はされないが、一般的にはスリーブ構造と呼ばれる構成が好ましく採用できる。スリーブ構造は、図に示したように、内筒3の一部を不連続に形成し、この不連続部の外周に筒状部材12を配置することで形成される。筒状部材12は、内筒3の気密性を保ちつつ内筒3の伸縮に対して摺動可能なように取り付けられている。筒状部材12は、不連続部より上部の内筒3'に固定され、不連続部より下部の内筒3''に対して摺動可能なように取り付けられていてもよく、また不連続部より下部の内筒3''に固定され、不連続部より上部の内筒3'に対して摺動可能なように取り付けられていてもよい。さらに、不連続部の外周を覆うように中筒2に固定され、内筒3'、3''の伸縮に対して摺動可能なように取り付けられていてもよい。筒状部材12の材質は、内筒3の材質と同様である。
【0031】
このような熱膨張吸収手段11を設けておくと、反応温度が高温になり、内筒3が膨張したとしても、膨張による変形が熱膨張吸収手段11で吸収されるので、中筒2に過剰な変形応力が加わることを防止できる。
【0032】
【発明の効果】
このような本発明によれば、耐火物に亀裂が発生したとしても、ガスホットバイパスの発生や、耐火物が反応容器内部に剥落することを防止できる構造の高温高圧反応容器が提供される。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明に係る高温反応用反応容器の概略断面図を示す。
【符号の説明】
1…外筒
2…中筒
3…内筒
4…反応生成物取出口
5…反応原料導入口
6…触媒層
7…逆火防止手段
8…触媒層保持手段
10…高温反応用反応容器
11…熱膨張吸収手段
12…筒状部材
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a reaction vessel, and more particularly to a reaction vessel for high temperature reaction particularly suitable for reaction under high temperature and high pressure conditions.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a reaction for synthesizing synthesis gas (hydrogen + carbon monoxide) from natural gas mainly composed of methane, there are a partial oxidation reaction which is an exothermic reaction and a steam reforming reaction which is an endothermic reaction as described below.
[0003]
Partial oxidation reaction:
2CH 4 + O 2 → 2CO + 4H 2
Steam reforming reaction:
CH 4 + H 2 O → CO + 3H 2
In the synthesis gas production reaction, the reaction temperature may be 900 to 1400 ° C., and the reaction pressure may be about 70 kg / cm 2 .
[0004]
As a reaction container corresponding to such a high temperature and high pressure reaction, a container having a structure in which a high pressure is supported by an external metal container and a refractory material is constructed therein is often used.
[0005]
However, in the reaction container having such a structure, the refractory may crack during repeated heating and cooling. If there are multiple cracks in the refractory, a gas hot bypass (hot gas flows through the gap between the external metal container and the refractory) will occur, creating a high-temperature gas flow path on the external metal side. As a result, the external metal part may reach a high temperature, and the strength of the external metal part may be reduced and destroyed, or may be dissolved in an extreme case. In addition, the refractory may peel off as a result of cracks in the refractory. When the catalyst is used in the above reaction, the peeled refractory may act as a catalyst poison for the catalyst.
[0006]
In recent years, refractory construction methods have been established, and the possibility of gas hot bypass and refractory peeling off has decreased, but that possibility still remains.
[0007]
For this reason, for example, Patent Document 1 proposes an invention relating to improvement of refractories in such a high-temperature and high-pressure reaction vessel.
[0008]
However, no matter what refractory is used, there is a limit to the number of times heating and cooling are repeated, and it is practically impossible to prevent the occurrence of cracks.
[0009]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-220290
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, in the present invention, even if a crack occurs in the refractory, an object is to provide a reaction container for high-temperature reaction having a structure capable of preventing the occurrence of gas hot bypass and the refractory being peeled off inside the reaction container. Yes.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The reaction container for high temperature reaction according to the present invention is
A cylindrical high-temperature reaction vessel equipped with a reaction raw material inlet at one end and a reaction product outlet at the other end,
The reaction vessel has a metal outer cylinder, a middle cylinder made of refractory, an inner cylinder inside the middle cylinder, and a catalyst layer is provided between the reaction raw material inlet and the reaction product outlet. A backfire prevention means is disposed between the reaction raw material inlet and the catalyst layer .
[0013]
Moreover, it is preferable that the reaction container of this invention has a thermal expansion absorption means in an inner cylinder. Furthermore, the inner cylinder is preferably made of a nickel-based heat-resistant alloy or an iron-based heat-resistant material, and the inner cylinder preferably has a heat-resistant temperature of 900 ° C. or higher.
[0014]
Such a reaction vessel for high temperature reaction of the present invention is particularly preferably used for the production of synthesis gas using natural gas as a reaction raw material.
[0015]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the reaction container for high temperature reaction according to the present invention will be specifically described.
[0016]
As shown in FIG. 1, a reaction vessel 10 for high-temperature reaction according to the present invention comprises a reaction raw material inlet 5 at one end and a reaction product outlet 4 at the other end, and is made of a metal outer cylinder 1 and a refractory. An inner cylinder 3 provided inside the middle cylinder 2.
[0017]
The outer cylinder 1 is a metal cylinder that supports the high pressure during the reaction. The material of the outer cylinder 1 is not particularly limited, but is relatively thick chrome-molybdenum steel or stainless steel from the viewpoint of price and availability. Etc. are preferably used. The thickness of the outer cylinder 1 varies depending on its material, but generally 5 to 80 mm, particularly about 10 to 30 mm is preferable.
[0018]
The middle cylinder 2 protects the outer cylinder from high heat during the reaction and is made of a refractory material. The refractory is not particularly limited, and various refractories are used. The thickness of the middle cylinder 2 varies depending on the material, but generally 50 to 500 mm, particularly about 100 to 300 mm is preferable.
[0019]
An inner cylinder 3 is provided inside the middle cylinder 2. The inner cylinder 3 is not particularly limited as long as it is resistant to high temperatures during the reaction and does not peel off even when exposed to a thermal cycle, but is preferably made of a high melting point metal. As the refractory metal, for example, a nickel-base heat-resistant alloy or an iron-based heat-resistant material is preferable. As a more specific example of such a refractory metal, Special Metals Corporation, Incoloy , Inconel , Mitsubishi Materials, Hastelloy ™, and the like can be exemplified. Moreover, the heat-resistant temperature of the inner cylinder 3 is preferably 900 ° C. or higher, more preferably 900 to 1400 ° C. Here, the heat-resistant temperature is the highest temperature at which the inner cylinder 3 is not deformed and the strength is not significantly reduced, and the constituent material of the inner cylinder 3 and the contents of the reaction vessel (reactant, catalyst) cannot cause a mutual reaction. Means.
[0020]
The thickness of the inner cylinder 3 varies depending on the material, but generally 1 to 10 mm, particularly about 1 to 6 mm is suitable. By providing the inner cylinder 3 as described above, even if the refractory constituting the middle cylinder 2 is cracked, the high temperature gas is blocked by the inner cylinder 3 and does not flow out of the reaction zone. Therefore, the gas hot bypass as described above does not occur. Further, even when a large number of cracks are formed in the refractory, the refractory does not fall into the reaction zone and does not adversely affect the reaction.
[0021]
The size of the high-temperature reaction reactor 10 of the present invention varies depending on the scale of the plant and the intended synthesis reaction. In general, the total length of the inner cylinder 3 is 1.0 to 10.0 m, particularly It is about 1.5 to 6.0 m, and the inner diameter of the inner cylinder 3 is 50 to 7000 mm, particularly about 500 to 3000 mm.
[0022]
Moreover, the reactor 10 for high temperature reaction has the reaction raw material inlet 5 at one end, and the reaction product outlet 4 at the other end, as shown in the figure. And it is preferable that the refractory which comprises the inner cylinder 2 is set as the structure which covers the inner cylinder 3 completely. By taking such a structure, complete heat insulation becomes possible.
[0023]
Since the reaction container 10 for high temperature reaction according to the present invention employs the above-described structure, even if a crack occurs in the refractory, the high temperature gas does not circulate in the refractory constituting the inner cylinder 2. Therefore, the occurrence of gas hot bypass is eliminated, and it is possible to prevent the refractory from peeling off inside the reaction vessel.
[0024]
The reaction vessel 10 for high temperature reaction of the present invention is particularly preferably used for the following high temperature and high pressure reaction.
1. 1. Production of synthesis gas from natural gas 2. Reforming of hydrogen gas Oxo gas reforming4. 4. Production of synthesis gas for methanol production Production of synthesis gas for GTL (liquid fuel production from natural gas) In these reactions, the temperature may be about 900-1400 ° C. and the pressure may be about 70 kg / cm 2. According to the container 10, as described above, the gas hot bypass is not generated and the refractory is not peeled off inside the reaction container, so that the reaction can be performed safely and efficiently.
[0025]
Moreover, in the reaction vessel 10 for high temperature reaction of the present invention, a catalyst layer 6 is provided between the reaction raw material inlet 5 and the reaction product outlet 4 according to the type of target reaction, and further the reaction raw material inlet disposing flashback (backfire) preventing means 7 between the 5 and the catalyst layer 6.
[0026]
The catalyst constituting the catalyst layer 6 is appropriately selected according to the type of target reaction.
[0027]
As the backfire prevention means 7, a refractory having a number of holes in the longitudinal direction of the container 10 is used. In the reaction using natural gas or hydrogen as a raw material as described above, a backfire is generated due to rapid combustion of the raw material gas, and the container may be damaged. In the present invention, by arranging the backfire prevention means 7, it is possible to reduce the adverse effect of the backfire on the container.
[0028]
In the present invention, the catalyst layer holding means 8 may be provided between the catalyst layer 6 and the reaction product outlet 4. The catalyst layer holding means may be a refractory having a large number of holes in the longitudinal direction of the container 10 described above, may be a ceramic ball such as an alumina ball, or may be a combination thereof. .
[0029]
Furthermore, in the reaction vessel 10 for high temperature reaction of the present invention, a thermal expansion absorbing means 11 may be provided in a part of the inner cylinder 3, preferably between the reaction raw material inlet 5 and the catalyst layer 6.
[0030]
The thermal expansion absorbing means 11 is not particularly limited as long as it can reduce and eliminate the distortion of the container 10 caused by the expansion of the inner cylinder 3, but generally a configuration called a sleeve structure can be preferably employed. As shown in the drawing, the sleeve structure is formed by discontinuously forming a part of the inner cylinder 3 and disposing the cylindrical member 12 on the outer periphery of the discontinuous part. The cylindrical member 12 is attached so as to be slidable with respect to the expansion and contraction of the inner cylinder 3 while maintaining the airtightness of the inner cylinder 3. The cylindrical member 12 may be fixed to the inner cylinder 3 ′ above the discontinuous part and attached so as to be slidable with respect to the inner cylinder 3 ″ below the discontinuous part. It may be fixed to the inner cylinder 3 ″ below the part and attached so as to be slidable with respect to the inner cylinder 3 ′ above the discontinuous part. Furthermore, it may be fixed to the middle cylinder 2 so as to cover the outer periphery of the discontinuous portion, and may be attached so as to be slidable with respect to the expansion and contraction of the inner cylinders 3 ′ and 3 ″. The material of the cylindrical member 12 is the same as the material of the inner cylinder 3.
[0031]
If such a thermal expansion absorbing means 11 is provided, even if the reaction temperature becomes high and the inner cylinder 3 expands, deformation due to expansion is absorbed by the thermal expansion absorbing means 11, so the middle cylinder 2 is excessive. Can be prevented from being subjected to various deformation stresses.
[0032]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, there is provided a high-temperature and high-pressure reaction vessel having a structure capable of preventing the occurrence of gas hot bypass and the refractory being peeled off inside the reaction vessel even if a crack occurs in the refractory.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a reaction vessel for high temperature reaction according to the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Outer cylinder 2 ... Middle cylinder 3 ... Inner cylinder 4 ... Reaction product outlet 5 ... Reaction raw material inlet 6 ... Catalyst layer 7 ... Backfire prevention means 8 ... Catalyst layer holding means 10 ... High temperature reaction reactor 11 ... Thermal expansion absorbing means 12 ... cylindrical member

Claims (5)

一端に反応原料導入口と、他端に反応生成物取出口とを備えた筒型の高温反応用反応容器であって、
前記反応容器は金属製外筒と、耐火物からなる中筒と、中筒の内側に内筒とを有するとともに、前記反応原料導入口と前記反応生成物取出口との間に触媒層を設け、前記反応原料導入口と前記触媒層との間に逆火防止手段を配設したことを特徴とする高温反応用反応容器。
A cylindrical high-temperature reaction vessel equipped with a reaction raw material inlet at one end and a reaction product outlet at the other end,
The reaction vessel has a metal outer cylinder, a middle cylinder made of refractory, an inner cylinder inside the middle cylinder, and a catalyst layer is provided between the reaction raw material inlet and the reaction product outlet. A reaction vessel for high-temperature reaction, characterized in that a backfire prevention means is disposed between the reaction raw material inlet and the catalyst layer .
前記内筒に熱膨張の吸収手段を有することを特徴とする請求項に記載の高温反応用反応容器。 The reaction container for high temperature reaction according to claim 1 , wherein the inner cylinder has a means for absorbing thermal expansion. 前記内筒が、ニッケル基耐熱合金または鉄系耐熱材料からなることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の高温反応用反応容器。The reaction container for high temperature reaction according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the inner cylinder is made of a nickel-based heat-resistant alloy or an iron-based heat-resistant material. 前記内筒の耐熱温度が900℃以上であることを特徴とする請求項1〜の何れかに記載の高温反応用反応容器。 The reaction container for high temperature reaction according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the heat resistance temperature of the inner cylinder is 900 ° C or higher. 反応原料が天然ガスであり、反応生成物が合成ガスであることを特徴とする請求項1〜の何れかに記載の高温反応用反応容器。The reaction container for high temperature reaction according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein the reaction raw material is natural gas and the reaction product is synthesis gas.
JP2003172200A 2003-06-17 2003-06-17 High temperature reaction vessel Expired - Fee Related JP4316307B2 (en)

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US3531263A (en) * 1968-08-05 1970-09-29 United Aircraft Corp Integrated reformer unit
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