JP4313003B2 - External preparation for treatment of skin diseases and itch caused by hemodialysis - Google Patents

External preparation for treatment of skin diseases and itch caused by hemodialysis Download PDF

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JP4313003B2
JP4313003B2 JP2002209872A JP2002209872A JP4313003B2 JP 4313003 B2 JP4313003 B2 JP 4313003B2 JP 2002209872 A JP2002209872 A JP 2002209872A JP 2002209872 A JP2002209872 A JP 2002209872A JP 4313003 B2 JP4313003 B2 JP 4313003B2
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external preparation
aspirin
hemodialysis
preparation
skin
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JP2004051522A (en
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祐一郎 高橋
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Teikoku Seiyaku Co Ltd
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Teikoku Seiyaku Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は血液透析患者において問題となる皮膚の乾燥や発疹などの皮膚疾患や体の痒みに対する治療剤に関し、さらに詳しくは、有効成分としてアセチルサリチル酸を含有する血液透析による皮膚疾患及び/又は痒みの治療用外用剤に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、糖尿病等の内分泌疾患並びに慢性腎不全などの代謝性疾患等の患者の増加に伴い血液透析を導入する患者が増加してきている。血液透析を行っている患者において、皮膚状態の悪化及び体の強い痒みは非常に問題となってきた。透析患者の痒みや痛みについては、様々な研究がなされているが、発症機序についてはいまだに解明されておらず、血液透析を行っていない皮膚疾患患者に比べて極めて難治性が高い。更に、血液透析時の痒みについても有効な治療薬がほとんど無いのが現状である。
【0003】
痒みに対する経口治療薬としては現在、抗ヒスタミン剤等の数多くの鎮痒剤が市販されているものの、服用に伴う眠気、倦怠感等の副作用が問題となる。また、血液透析患者においては、健常人に比べ副作用が起こりやすい等、経口治療剤の使用が困難である。
また、血液透析患者の皮膚症状や痒みに対し、抗ヒスタミン剤や非ステロイド性抗炎症剤等を含有する外用剤ではその効果が十分とはいえず、特に抗ヒスタミン剤を配した外用剤では皮膚の過敏症状、非ステロイド性抗炎症剤を配した外用剤では皮膚の刺激感、接触性皮膚炎等の副作用が起こる可能性もあり、その安全性が問題となる。
【0004】
更に、ステロイド系外用剤は、湿疹、皮膚掻痒等にも非常に有用な薬剤であるものの、連用により局所では皮膚萎縮、ステロイド潮紅、毛細血管拡張等の副作用の恐れがある上に、経皮的に吸収された薬剤が血中へ移行し、全身性の副作用を起こす恐れがある。
ところで、アセチルサリチル酸は、一般的にアスピリンと呼称され(以下、アスピリンと称する)、その強力な鎮痛作用、解熱作用及び抗リウマチ作用により古くから解熱鎮痛薬として広く使用されており、副作用も少なく安全性も高い薬剤である。
【0005】
近年、アスピリンの外用剤への適用に関する研究が進められている。その成果として、特開昭57-128628公報にはゲル製剤、特開平4-217925公報には経皮吸収性の優れた組成物、特開平6-56654公報にはテープ製剤、特開平6-72879公報には経皮吸収製剤及び特開平6-183980公報と特開平8-113531公報には貼付剤等が開示されている。また、外用剤としての新たな薬効を開示したものとして、特開平3-72426公報の神経痛治療用軟膏剤、特開平9-235232公報の皮膚損傷治療用外用剤、特表平8-504198公報の抗血栓治療および癌予防のための経皮投与システム等が挙げられる。
しかしながら、血液透析患者における皮膚状態の悪化及び体の痒みに対する治療において、有効成分としてアスピリンを用いた外用剤はなく、その治療効果についても何ら知られていない。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は上記問題点を解決するものであり、その目的とするところは、患者のコンプライアンスの向上を図るために、アスピリンを有効成分として、血液透析患者の皮膚症状の改善と痒みに対する治療効果に優れ、副作用も少ない外用剤を提供することにある。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者は上記課題を解決すべく鋭意検討を行った結果、アスピリンを有効成分とする製剤を血液透析患者に経皮的に投与することにより、副作用が軽減し、皮膚症状及び痒みに対して良好な治療効果を示すことを見出した。
すなわち、アスピリンを含有する外用剤を作製し、この製剤を患部、具体的には、皮膚の乾燥部分、湿疹、発赤、蕁麻疹、掻痒症、掻き傷、水疱及び浮腫等の皮膚症状部分並びに痒みのある部分に適用したところ、極めて高い有効性が認められることを見出した。
【0008】
更に、この効果は、製剤中のアスピリン濃度に依存しているが、ある一定以上のアスピリン濃度においては本薬効薬理作用がほとんど変化しなくなる。
アスピリンの投与量は、患者の症状等によりことなるが、通常体重60kg当たり0.01〜200mg/日、経皮的に投与される。
本発明の外用剤に含有されるアスピリンは日本薬局方に収載されており、外用剤中のアスピリン含有量は剤型によって異なるが、製剤全重量に対して、十分な効果の得られる0.01〜80重量%であり、好ましくは0.01〜50重量%、より好ましくは0.05〜30重量%である。アスピリン含有量が80重量%より多くなると物性の保持が困難になり、また、含有量が0.01重量%未満では、アスピリンの持つ作用が十分に発揮されないために好ましくない。
【0009】
本発明が提供する外用剤としては、皮膚の局所表面に有効成分を直接投与できる剤形であれば特に限定されず、例えば軟膏剤、液剤(懸濁剤、乳剤、ローション剤等)、貼付剤、外用散剤及びエアゾール剤等の製剤を用いることができる。
本発明のアスピリン含有外用剤に用いられる配合成分としては、通常の外用剤に用いられる配合成分であれば何れも使用可能である。
軟膏剤・クリーム剤・ゲル剤・ローション剤の場合には、白色ワセリン、黄色ワセリン、ラノリン、サラシミツロウ、セタノール、ステアリルアルコール、ステアリン酸、硬化油、ゲル化炭化水素、ポリエチレングリコール、流動パラフィン、スクワラン等の基剤、オレイン酸、ミリスチン酸イソプロピル、トリイソオクタン酸グリセリン、クロタミトン、セバシン酸ジエチル、アジピン酸ジイソプロピル、ラウリン酸ヘキシル、脂肪酸、脂肪酸エステル、脂肪族アルコール、植物油等の溶剤および溶解補助剤、トコフェロール誘導体、L-アスコルビン酸、ジブチルヒドロキシトルエン、ブチルヒドロキシアニソール等の酸化防止剤、パラヒドロキシ安息香酸エステル等の防腐剤、グリセリン、プロピレングリコール、ヒアルロン酸ナトリウム等の保湿剤、ポリオキシエチレン誘導体、グリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル、プロピレングリコール脂肪酸エステル、レシチン等の界面活性剤、カルボキシビニルポリマー、キサンタンガム、カルボキシメチルセルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム塩類、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース等の増粘剤、安定剤、保存剤、吸収促進剤等又は、その他の適当な添加剤を配合することができる。
【0010】
テープ剤の場合には、スチレン-イソプレン-スチレンブロック共重合体やアクリル樹脂等の粘着剤、脂環族飽和炭化水素系樹脂、ロジン系樹脂、テルペン系樹脂等の粘着付与樹脂、液状ゴム、流動パラフィン等の軟化剤、ジブチルヒドロキシトルエン等の酸化防止剤、プロピレングリコール等の多価アルコール、オレイン酸等の吸収促進剤、ポリオキシエチレン誘導体等の界面活性剤等又は、その他の適当な添加剤を配合することができる。また、ポリアクリル酸ナトリウムやポリビニルアルコールのような含水可能な高分子と少量の精製水を加えて含水テープ剤となすこともできる。
【0011】
エアゾール剤の場合には、軟膏剤・クリーム剤・ゲル剤・懸濁剤・乳剤・液剤およびローション剤等に用いられる、白色ワセリン、黄色ワセリン、ラノリン、サラシミツロウ、セタノール、ステアリルアルコール、ステアリン酸、硬化油、ゲル化炭化水素、ポリエチレングリコール、流動パラフィン、スクワラン等の基剤、オレイン酸、ミリスチン酸イソプロピル、アジピン酸ジイソプロピル、セバシン酸イソプロピル、トリイソオクタン酸グリセリン、クロタミトン、セバシン酸ジエチル、ラウリン酸ヘキシル、脂肪酸、脂肪酸エステル、脂肪族アルコール、植物油等の溶剤および溶解補助剤、、トコフェロール誘導体、L-アスコルビン酸、ジブチルヒドロキシトルエン、ブチルヒドロキシアニソール等の酸化防止剤、パラヒドロキシ安息香酸エステル等の防腐剤、グリセリン、プロピレングリコール、ヒアルロン酸ナトリウム等の保湿剤、ポリオキシエチレン誘導体、グリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル、プロピレングリコール脂肪酸エステル、レシチン等の界面活性剤、カルボキシビニルポリマー、キサンタンガム、カルボキシメチルセルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム塩類、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース等の増粘剤、等の安定剤、緩衝剤、矯味剤、懸濁化剤、乳化剤、芳香剤、保存剤、溶解補助剤、又はその他の適当な添加剤を配合することができる。
【0012】
外用散剤の場合にはバレイショデンプン、コメデンプン、トウモロコシデンプン、タルク、酸化亜鉛等の賦形剤又はその他の添加剤を配合することができる。本発明の外用剤は、各成分及び必要に応じた基剤をよく混練する等の通常の外用剤を製造する方法を用いて製造され、患部に直接適用したり、布等に塗布および含浸させて適用する等の通常の使用方法により用いられる。
上記の製剤を患部に適時、塗布、貼付、噴霧等すればよい。
軟膏剤を製するには、脂肪、脂肪油、ラノリン、ろう、樹脂、プラスチック、グリコール類、高級アルコール、グリセリン、水、乳化剤、懸濁化剤若しくはその他の適当な添加剤を原料とするか、又はこれらを基剤とし、医薬品を加え、混和して全質を均等にする。基剤成分を加温溶融して均一に撹拌し、所望により吸収促進剤、酸化防止剤、防腐剤、界面活性剤、精製水等の添加物を加え、更に撹拌下アスピリンの微粉末を投入混和し、軟膏或いはクリーム剤を製する。
【0013】
例えば、油脂性軟膏を製するには、原料基剤を加温して融解し、混和し、半ば冷却した後、基剤以外の医薬品を液状又は細末にして基剤の一部と混和し、残りの基剤を加えて全質均等になるまでかき混ぜて練り合わせる。
例えば、乳剤性および水溶性軟膏を製するには、固形の基剤は水浴上で溶かした後、約75℃に保ち、これに水溶性の基剤を水に溶かして同温度又は若干高い温度に加温したものを加え、かき混ぜて全質均等とする。これに他薬を配合するときは、基剤の種類に応じて水溶性又は油溶性医薬品は基剤の一部と混和した後、残りの基剤を加えて全質均等となるまでかき混ぜて練り合わせる。
【0014】
テープ剤を製するには、アクリル樹脂等の粘着剤あるいはスチレン−イソプレン−スチレンブロック共重合体に脂環族飽和炭化水素系樹脂、ロジン系樹脂、テルペン系樹脂等の粘着付与樹脂、液状ゴム、流動パラフィン等の軟化剤、吸収促進剤、酸化防止剤等を加え、トルエン等の有機溶媒に溶解させ混合撹拌した、或いは加熱融解させ混合攪拌した混合物に溶液又は粉末状の薬物を投入混合し、この混合物を剥離紙上に展延し、溶解型の場合は展延、乾燥した後、ポリウレタンフィルム、ポリエチレンフィルム、ポリ塩化ビニルフィルム、織布、不織布等の柔軟な支持体と張り合わせ、所望の大きさに裁断する。
【0015】
ローション剤を製するには、医薬品と溶剤、乳化剤、懸濁化剤等を水性の液体に加え、全質を均等にする。懸濁性ローションは、医薬品を微細化し、グリセリンあるいはエタノール等で水にぬれやすくした後、これに懸濁化剤の溶液又はローション基剤を徐々に加えて混和し、全質均等にする。更に、乳剤性ローションは、油溶性医薬品と油相とを一方の容器に入れ、また別の容器には水相を入れてそれぞれ加温し、O/W型乳剤を作るときは、水相中に油相を徐々に注加し、W/O型乳剤を作るときには、反対に油相に水相を徐々に注加して、乳化が完全に行われ均質な液状となるまで混和し続ける。
【0016】
エアゾール剤を製するには、医薬品の溶液、軟膏剤、クリーム剤、ゲル剤、懸濁剤、乳剤、液剤およびローション剤等を上記記載の方法等により製し、密閉容器に液化ガス又は圧縮ガス等と共に充填する。
本発明の外用剤の治療対象となる疾患としては、血液透析患者における例えば、皮膚の乾燥、湿疹、発赤、蕁麻疹、掻痒症、痒疹、掻き傷、水疱及び浮腫等の皮膚症状及びそれに伴う痒み並びに体の痒み等が挙げられる。
【0017】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、製剤例および試験例により本発明のアスピリン含有外用剤及びその作用効果につき説明する。
【0018】
【製剤例】
製剤例1〜6(軟膏剤)
表1に示す処方に従って、軟膏基剤(ワセリン,ゲル化炭化水素)、溶剤(オレイン酸,ツイーン80,クロタミトン,アルコール,アジピン酸ジイソプロピルまたはミリスチン酸イソプロピル)及びアスピリンを加えて水浴上で十分に攪拌して溶解または分散させた後、さらに攪拌しながら冷却して軟膏剤を得た。
【0019】
【表1】

Figure 0004313003
【0020】
製剤例7〜9(ローション剤)
表2に示す処方に従って、加温した油相にアスピリンを加えて溶解又は分散した。別に予め加温した精製水中に他の成分を溶かし、激しく攪拌しながら油相をこの中に加え、ゆっくり冷やしながら完全に均質な液状となるまで混和し、ローション剤を得た。
【0021】
【表2】
Figure 0004313003
【0022】
製剤例10〜12(ゲル剤)
表3に示す処方に従って、水溶性高分子物質を水浴上で溶かした後、アスピリンを溶剤に分散又は溶解し、残りの基剤と共に全質均等となるまでかき混ぜてゲル剤を得た。
【0023】
【表3】
Figure 0004313003
【0024】
製剤例13〜15(クリーム剤)
表4に示す処方に従って、固形の基剤を水浴上で溶かした後、溶剤を加えて溶解又は分散したアスピリンを混合した。これに水溶性の基剤を水に溶かして加温したものを加え、全質均等となるまでかき混ぜて練り合わせ、クリーム剤を得た。
【0025】
【表4】
Figure 0004313003
【0026】
製剤例16〜18(テープ剤)
表5に示す処方に従って、アクリル樹脂あるいはスチレン−イソプレン−スチレンブロック共重合体の粘着剤に脂環族飽和炭化水素系樹脂、流動パラフィン、ポリブテン、酸化防止剤等を加え、トルエン等の有機溶媒に溶解させ混合撹拌或いは加熱融解させ混合攪拌した混合物にアスピリンを投入混合し、この混合物を剥離紙上に展延し、溶解型の場合は展延、乾燥した後、柔軟な支持体と張り合わせ、所望の大きさに裁断してテープ剤を得た。
【0027】
【表5】
Figure 0004313003
【0028】
製剤例19〜21(散剤)
表6に示す処方に従って、バレイショデンプンと酸化亜鉛及びアスピリンを全質均等になるまでよく混和して散剤を得た。
【0029】
【表6】
Figure 0004313003
【0030】
比較製剤例1−3
表7に示す処方で、軟膏剤の製法に従って、軟膏剤を得た。
【表7】
Figure 0004313003
【0031】
【試験例】
本発明の外用剤の鎮痒効果について、被験者(ボランティア)を用いて痒みに対する投与試験を行った。
痒みの改善度及び皮膚症状の改善度は、A.著効、B.有効、C.やや有効、D.普遍、E.悪化の5段階で評価し、やや有効以上を効果が認められたと判断して、有効率を求めた。
【0032】
試験例1 血液透析患者の皮膚症状に対する改善度
血液透析患者のうち、皮膚症状を有し、痒みを訴えている患者17名に、アスピリン含有外用剤を患部に投与し、皮膚症状の改善度に関する検討を行った。また、比較製剤例として、抗ヒスタミン作用を有するジフェンヒドラミン含有軟膏(比較製剤例1)、ステロイド剤であるデキサメタゾンを含有する軟膏(比較製剤例2)及び軟膏基剤(比較製剤例3)についても同様に検討した。
その結果を表8に示す。
【0033】
【表8】
Figure 0004313003
表8の結果よりアスピリン含有の製剤例2、4、6及び13は、比較製剤例1〜3に比べて、血液透析患者の皮膚症状を改善し、その効果はより強いものであった。
【0034】
試験例2 血液透析患者の痒みに対する改善度
血液透析患者のうち、痒みを訴えている患者19名に、アスピリン含有外用剤を患部に投与し、痒みの改善度に関する検討を行った。また、比較例として、抗ヒスタミン作用を有するジフェンヒドラミン含有軟膏(比較製剤例1)、ステロイド剤であるデキサメタゾンを含有する軟膏(比較製剤例2)及び軟膏基剤(比較製剤例3)についても同様に検討した。
【0035】
その結果を表9に示す。
【表9】
Figure 0004313003
表9の結果よりアスピリン含有の製剤例2、4、6、13及び17は、比較製剤例1〜3に比べて、血液透析患者の痒みに対し、極めて強い鎮痒効果を示した。
【0036】
【発明の効果】
本発明の外用剤は、アスピリンを活性成分として有効に利用することにより、血液透析患者の痒みに対して優れた治療効果を示す。更に、本発明の外用剤は鎮痒作用のみならず、患部の皮膚症状の改善作用も認められた。また、本発明の外用剤は、臨床検査値に何ら影響を及ぼさず、副作用も認められなかったことから安全性も高い治療薬であると考えられる。
本発明により、血液透析患者の様々な痒みに対する十分な治療効果を有するのみならず、皮膚症状の改善作用を有し、副作用も非常に少ないことから、血液透析患者の痒みの治療に有用な外用剤を提供することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 図1は本発明製剤投与前の患者の膝部の写真である。
【図2】 図2は本発明製剤投与後の同患者の膝部の写真である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a therapeutic agent for skin diseases such as dry skin and rash, and itching of the body, which is a problem in hemodialysis patients, and more particularly, skin diseases and / or itching of hemodialysis containing acetylsalicylic acid as an active ingredient. The present invention relates to a therapeutic external preparation.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, with the increase in patients with endocrine diseases such as diabetes and metabolic diseases such as chronic renal failure, the number of patients introducing hemodialysis has increased. In patients undergoing hemodialysis, deterioration of skin condition and strong itching have become very problematic. Various studies have been made on itching and pain in dialysis patients, but the onset mechanism has not been elucidated yet, and it is extremely intractable compared to skin disease patients who have not undergone hemodialysis. Furthermore, there are almost no effective therapeutic agents for itching during hemodialysis.
[0003]
Although many antipruritic agents such as antihistamines are currently marketed as oral therapeutic agents for itching, side effects such as drowsiness and malaise associated with administration are problematic. In hemodialysis patients, it is difficult to use oral therapeutic agents because side effects are likely to occur compared to healthy individuals.
In addition, for the skin symptoms and itching of hemodialysis patients, the effect of external preparations containing antihistamines or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents is not sufficient, especially for external preparations with antihistamines, External preparations with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents may cause side effects such as skin irritation and contact dermatitis, and their safety is a problem.
[0004]
Furthermore, although steroidal topical preparations are very useful for eczema, skin pruritus, etc., they may cause side effects such as skin atrophy, steroid flushing, and capillary dilation locally due to continuous use. May be absorbed into the blood and cause systemic side effects.
By the way, acetylsalicylic acid is generally called aspirin (hereinafter referred to as aspirin) and has been widely used as an antipyretic analgesic for a long time because of its powerful analgesic action, antipyretic action and antirheumatic action, and it is safe with few side effects. It is a highly potent drug.
[0005]
In recent years, research on the application of aspirin to external preparations has been underway. As a result, JP-A-57-128628 discloses a gel preparation, JP-A-4-217925 discloses a composition having excellent percutaneous absorption, JP-A-6-56654 discloses a tape preparation, JP-A-6-72879. JP-A-6-183980 and JP-A-8-13531 disclose a transdermally absorbable preparation in the gazette and patches and the like. Moreover, as a new medicinal effect as an external preparation, an ointment for treating neuralgia disclosed in JP-A-3-72426, an external preparation for treating skin damage disclosed in JP-A-9-235232, JP-A-8-504198 Examples include a transdermal administration system for antithrombotic treatment and cancer prevention.
However, there is no topical preparation using aspirin as an active ingredient in the treatment of worsening skin conditions and itching in hemodialysis patients, and there is no known therapeutic effect.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to improve the patient's compliance and to improve the skin symptoms of hemodialysis patients and to treat itching with aspirin as an active ingredient. It is to provide an external preparation that is excellent and has few side effects.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventor percutaneously administers a preparation containing aspirin as an active ingredient to hemodialysis patients, thereby reducing side effects and preventing skin symptoms and itching. It has been found that it shows a good therapeutic effect.
That is, an external preparation containing aspirin was prepared, and this preparation was applied to the affected part, specifically, a dry part of the skin, eczema, redness, urticaria, pruritus, scratches, blisters and edema, etc. When applied to a certain part, it was found that extremely high effectiveness was recognized.
[0008]
Furthermore, this effect depends on the concentration of aspirin in the preparation, but the pharmacological action of this drug hardly changes at a certain concentration of aspirin or higher.
The dose of aspirin varies depending on the patient's symptoms and the like, but is usually transdermally administered at 0.01 to 200 mg / day per 60 kg body weight.
The aspirin contained in the external preparation of the present invention is listed in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia, and although the aspirin content in the external preparation varies depending on the dosage form, a sufficient effect is obtained with respect to the total weight of the preparation 0.01 -80% by weight, preferably 0.01-50% by weight, more preferably 0.05-30% by weight. When the aspirin content is more than 80% by weight, it is difficult to maintain the physical properties, and when the content is less than 0.01% by weight, the action of aspirin is not sufficiently exhibited, which is not preferable.
[0009]
The external preparation provided by the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the active ingredient can be directly administered to the local surface of the skin. For example, an ointment, liquid (suspension, emulsion, lotion, etc.), patch Further, preparations such as external powders and aerosols can be used.
As a compounding component used in the aspirin-containing external preparation of the present invention, any compounding component used in a normal external preparation can be used.
For ointments, creams, gels, and lotions, white petrolatum, yellow petrolatum, lanolin, white beeswax, cetanol, stearyl alcohol, stearic acid, hardened oil, gelled hydrocarbon, polyethylene glycol, liquid paraffin, squalane Bases such as oleic acid, isopropyl myristate, glyceryl triisooctanoate, crotamiton, diethyl sebacate, diisopropyl adipate, hexyl laurate, fatty acid, fatty acid ester, aliphatic alcohol, vegetable oil and solubilizer, tocopherol Derivatives, antioxidants such as L-ascorbic acid, dibutylhydroxytoluene, butylhydroxyanisole, preservatives such as parahydroxybenzoate, glycerin, propylene glycol, sodium hyaluronate Moisturizers such as polyoxyethylene derivatives, glycerin fatty acid esters, sucrose fatty acid esters, sorbitan fatty acid esters, propylene glycol fatty acid esters, lecithin surfactants, carboxyvinyl polymers, xanthan gum, carboxymethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose sodium salts, hydroxy Thickeners such as propylcellulose and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, stabilizers, preservatives, absorption accelerators, and other suitable additives can be blended.
[0010]
In the case of tape agents, adhesives such as styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymers and acrylic resins, tackifying resins such as alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon resins, rosin resins, terpene resins, liquid rubber, fluid Softeners such as paraffin, antioxidants such as dibutylhydroxytoluene, polyhydric alcohols such as propylene glycol, absorption accelerators such as oleic acid, surfactants such as polyoxyethylene derivatives, and other suitable additives Can be blended. Further, a water-containing tape can be obtained by adding a water-containing polymer such as sodium polyacrylate or polyvinyl alcohol and a small amount of purified water.
[0011]
In the case of aerosols, white petrolatum, yellow petrolatum, lanolin, salami beeswax, cetanol, stearyl alcohol, stearic acid, used in ointments, creams, gels, suspensions, emulsions, solutions and lotions, etc. Hardened oil, gelled hydrocarbon, polyethylene glycol, liquid paraffin, squalane, oleic acid, isopropyl myristate, diisopropyl adipate, isopropyl sebacate, glycerin triisooctanoate, crotamiton, diethyl sebacate, hexyl laurate, Fatty acid, fatty acid ester, fatty alcohol, vegetable oil and other solvents and solubilizers, tocopherol derivatives, antioxidants such as L-ascorbic acid, dibutylhydroxytoluene, butylhydroxyanisole, parahydroxybenzoic acid Preservatives such as acid esters, humectants such as glycerin, propylene glycol, sodium hyaluronate, polyoxyethylene derivatives, glycerin fatty acid esters, sucrose fatty acid esters, sorbitan fatty acid esters, propylene glycol fatty acid esters, lecithin and other surfactants, Stabilizers such as carboxyvinyl polymer, xanthan gum, carboxymethylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, etc., buffering agents, flavoring agents, suspending agents, emulsifiers, fragrances, preservatives , Solubilizers, or other suitable additives can be blended.
[0012]
In the case of a powder for external use, excipients such as potato starch, rice starch, corn starch, talc, zinc oxide or other additives can be blended. The external preparation of the present invention is produced using a method for producing an ordinary external preparation such as kneading each component and a base as necessary, and applied directly to an affected area, or applied and impregnated on a cloth or the like. It is used by the usual usage method such as applying.
What is necessary is just to apply | coat, stick, spray etc. said preparation to an affected part at appropriate time.
To make an ointment, fat, fatty oil, lanolin, wax, resin, plastic, glycols, higher alcohols, glycerin, water, emulsifiers, suspending agents or other suitable additives are used as raw materials, Or use these as a base, add pharmaceuticals, and mix to equalize the whole quality. The base components are heated and melted and stirred uniformly. If desired, additives such as absorption accelerators, antioxidants, preservatives, surfactants, purified water, etc. are added, and aspirin fine powder is added and mixed with stirring. And make an ointment or cream.
[0013]
For example, to make an oleaginous ointment, the raw material base is heated and melted, mixed, and half-cooled, and then the drug other than the base is made liquid or finely mixed with a part of the base. Add the rest of the base and stir and mix until all the ingredients are even.
For example, to produce emulsion and water-soluble ointments, the solid base is dissolved in a water bath and then maintained at about 75 ° C., and the water-soluble base is dissolved in water at the same or slightly higher temperature. Add warmed ingredients to mix and stir to ensure even quality. When combining other drugs with this, water-soluble or oil-soluble pharmaceuticals are mixed with a part of the base, depending on the type of base, and then the rest of the base is added and mixed until the whole product is evenly mixed. The
[0014]
To produce a tape agent, an adhesive such as an acrylic resin or a styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer, a tackifying resin such as an alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon resin, a rosin resin, a terpene resin, a liquid rubber, Add a softening agent such as liquid paraffin, an absorption accelerator, an antioxidant, etc., dissolve in an organic solvent such as toluene and mix and stir, or heat and melt and mix and stir the solution or powdered drug, This mixture is spread on release paper, and in the case of dissolution type, after spreading and drying, it is laminated with a flexible support such as polyurethane film, polyethylene film, polyvinyl chloride film, woven fabric, non-woven fabric, and the desired size. Cut to.
[0015]
In order to produce a lotion preparation, pharmaceuticals, a solvent, an emulsifier, a suspending agent, etc. are added to an aqueous liquid to make the whole quality uniform. Suspension lotion is made fine by making the drug fine and easy to wet with water with glycerin or ethanol, etc., and then slowly adding a suspension solution or lotion base to this to make the whole product even. In addition, emulsion lotion is used to place an oil-soluble drug and an oil phase in one container, and in another container, add an aqueous phase and heat it. When making an O / W emulsion, When the oil phase is gradually added to make a W / O emulsion, the water phase is gradually added to the oil phase, and the emulsification is completely carried out until the emulsion becomes a homogeneous liquid.
[0016]
In order to produce aerosols, pharmaceutical solutions, ointments, creams, gels, suspensions, emulsions, liquids, lotions and the like are produced by the methods described above, etc., and liquefied gas or compressed gas in a sealed container. And so on.
Examples of the disease to be treated by the external preparation of the present invention include skin symptoms such as dry skin, eczema, redness, urticaria, pruritus, prurigo, scratches, blisters and edema in hemodialysis patients and the itching associated therewith. As well as itching of the body.
[0017]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the preparations and test examples will explain the aspirin-containing external preparation of the present invention and the effects thereof.
[0018]
[Formulation example]
Formulation Examples 1-6 (ointment)
Add ointment base (petrol, gelled hydrocarbon), solvent (oleic acid, Tween 80, crotamiton, alcohol, diisopropyl adipate or isopropyl myristate) and aspirin according to the formulation shown in Table 1, and stir well in a water bath. Then, after dissolving or dispersing, the mixture was further cooled with stirring to obtain an ointment.
[0019]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004313003
[0020]
Formulation Examples 7-9 (Lotion)
According to the formulation shown in Table 2, aspirin was added to the heated oil phase and dissolved or dispersed. Separately, other components were dissolved in pre-warmed purified water, and the oil phase was added to the solution while stirring vigorously. The mixture was slowly cooled and mixed until a completely homogeneous liquid was obtained to obtain a lotion.
[0021]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004313003
[0022]
Formulation Examples 10-12 (Gel)
In accordance with the formulation shown in Table 3, the water-soluble polymer substance was dissolved in a water bath, and then aspirin was dispersed or dissolved in a solvent and stirred together with the remaining base until it became uniform throughout to obtain a gel.
[0023]
[Table 3]
Figure 0004313003
[0024]
Formulation Examples 13-15 (Cream)
According to the formulation shown in Table 4, the solid base was dissolved on a water bath, and then aspirin dissolved or dispersed by adding a solvent was mixed. A solution obtained by dissolving a water-soluble base in water and heating was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred and kneaded until the whole quality was uniform to obtain a cream.
[0025]
[Table 4]
Figure 0004313003
[0026]
Formulation Examples 16-18 (tape)
According to the formulation shown in Table 5, an alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon resin, liquid paraffin, polybutene, antioxidant, etc. are added to an acrylic resin or styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer adhesive, and the organic solvent such as toluene is added. Aspirin is added to and mixed with the mixture that has been dissolved and mixed or heated and melted and mixed and stirred, and this mixture is spread on a release paper. In the case of a dissolved type, it is spread and dried, and then bonded to a flexible support. The tape was obtained by cutting into sizes.
[0027]
[Table 5]
Figure 0004313003
[0028]
Formulation Examples 19-21 (powder)
According to the formulation shown in Table 6, potato starch, zinc oxide and aspirin were mixed well until the whole quality was uniform to obtain a powder.
[0029]
[Table 6]
Figure 0004313003
[0030]
Comparative formulation example 1-3
According to the formulation shown in Table 7, an ointment was obtained according to the manufacturing method of the ointment.
[Table 7]
Figure 0004313003
[0031]
[Test example]
About the antipruritic effect of the external preparation of this invention, the administration test with respect to itching was done using the test subject (volunteer).
The degree of improvement of itching and the degree of improvement of skin symptoms are as follows. Remarkable effect, B.E. Effective, C.I. Slightly effective, D.E. Universal, E.I. Evaluation was made at five stages of deterioration, and it was judged that the effect was recognized to be slightly effective or higher, and the effective rate was determined.
[0032]
Test Example 1 Degree of improvement of skin symptoms of hemodialysis patients About 17 patients who have skin symptoms and complain of itching among hemodialysis patients, an aspirin-containing external preparation is administered to the affected area, and the degree of improvement of skin symptoms Study was carried out. Further, as a comparative preparation example, the same applies to a diphenhydramine-containing ointment having an antihistamine action (Comparative Preparation Example 1), an ointment containing dexamethasone, which is a steroid agent (Comparative Preparation Example 2), and an ointment base (Comparative Preparation Example 3). It was examined.
The results are shown in Table 8.
[0033]
[Table 8]
Figure 0004313003
From the results shown in Table 8, Formulation Examples 2, 4, 6, and 13 containing aspirin improved the skin symptom of hemodialysis patients as compared with Comparative Formulation Examples 1 to 3, and the effect was stronger.
[0034]
Test Example 2 Degree of improvement for pruritus of hemodialysis patients Among 19 hemodialysis patients, aspirin-containing external preparation was administered to the affected area to examine the degree of improvement of pruritus. Further, as comparative examples, diphenhydramine-containing ointment having an antihistamine action (Comparative Preparation Example 1), ointment containing steroidal dexamethasone (Comparative Preparation Example 2), and ointment base (Comparative Preparation Example 3) are similarly applied. investigated.
[0035]
The results are shown in Table 9.
[Table 9]
Figure 0004313003
From the results of Table 9, Aspirin-containing Formulation Examples 2, 4, 6, 13, and 17 showed a very strong antipruritic effect on hemodialysis patient itch compared to Comparative Formulation Examples 1-3.
[0036]
【The invention's effect】
The external preparation of the present invention exhibits an excellent therapeutic effect on itching of hemodialysis patients by effectively utilizing aspirin as an active ingredient. Furthermore, the external preparation of the present invention was found not only to have an antipruritic effect but also to improve the skin symptoms of the affected area. The external preparation of the present invention is considered to be a highly safe therapeutic drug because it has no effect on clinical laboratory values and no side effects were observed.
According to the present invention, it has not only a sufficient therapeutic effect on various itch in hemodialysis patients, but also has an effect of improving skin symptoms and has very few side effects, and therefore is useful for the treatment of itch in hemodialysis patients. An agent can be provided.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a patient's knee before administration of the preparation of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a photograph of the knee of the patient after administration of the preparation of the present invention.

Claims (2)

アセチルサリチル酸を有効成分として含有する血液透析による皮膚の痒みの治療用外用剤。An external preparation for treatment of skin itch caused by hemodialysis containing acetylsalicylic acid as an active ingredient. 外用剤が軟膏剤、クリーム剤又はテープ剤である請求項1の外用剤 The external preparation according to claim 1, wherein the external preparation is an ointment, a cream or a tape .
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