JP2004051522A - External preparation for treating skin disease and itch caused by hemodialysis - Google Patents

External preparation for treating skin disease and itch caused by hemodialysis Download PDF

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JP2004051522A
JP2004051522A JP2002209872A JP2002209872A JP2004051522A JP 2004051522 A JP2004051522 A JP 2004051522A JP 2002209872 A JP2002209872 A JP 2002209872A JP 2002209872 A JP2002209872 A JP 2002209872A JP 2004051522 A JP2004051522 A JP 2004051522A
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hemodialysis
external preparation
aspirin
preparation
skin
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JP4313003B2 (en
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Yuichiro Takahashi
高橋 祐一郎
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Teikoku Seiyaku Co Ltd
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Teikoku Seiyaku Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an external preparation having excellent therapeutic effects against the skin symptoms and itch of hemodialysis patients. <P>SOLUTION: This external preparation for treating the skin diseases and itch caused by hemodialysis contains acetylsalicylic acid as an active ingredient. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は血液透析患者において問題となる皮膚の乾燥や発疹などの皮膚疾患や体の痒みに対する治療剤に関し、さらに詳しくは、有効成分としてアセチルサリチル酸を含有する血液透析による皮膚疾患及び/又は痒みの治療用外用剤に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、糖尿病等の内分泌疾患並びに慢性腎不全などの代謝性疾患等の患者の増加に伴い血液透析を導入する患者が増加してきている。血液透析を行っている患者において、皮膚状態の悪化及び体の強い痒みは非常に問題となってきた。透析患者の痒みや痛みについては、様々な研究がなされているが、発症機序についてはいまだに解明されておらず、血液透析を行っていない皮膚疾患患者に比べて極めて難治性が高い。更に、血液透析時の痒みについても有効な治療薬がほとんど無いのが現状である。
【0003】
痒みに対する経口治療薬としては現在、抗ヒスタミン剤等の数多くの鎮痒剤が市販されているものの、服用に伴う眠気、倦怠感等の副作用が問題となる。また、血液透析患者においては、健常人に比べ副作用が起こりやすい等、経口治療剤の使用が困難である。
また、血液透析患者の皮膚症状や痒みに対し、抗ヒスタミン剤や非ステロイド性抗炎症剤等を含有する外用剤ではその効果が十分とはいえず、特に抗ヒスタミン剤を配した外用剤では皮膚の過敏症状、非ステロイド性抗炎症剤を配した外用剤では皮膚の刺激感、接触性皮膚炎等の副作用が起こる可能性もあり、その安全性が問題となる。
【0004】
更に、ステロイド系外用剤は、湿疹、皮膚掻痒等にも非常に有用な薬剤であるものの、連用により局所では皮膚萎縮、ステロイド潮紅、毛細血管拡張等の副作用の恐れがある上に、経皮的に吸収された薬剤が血中へ移行し、全身性の副作用を起こす恐れがある。
ところで、アセチルサリチル酸は、一般的にアスピリンと呼称され(以下、アスピリンと称する)、その強力な鎮痛作用、解熱作用及び抗リウマチ作用により古くから解熱鎮痛薬として広く使用されており、副作用も少なく安全性も高い薬剤である。
【0005】
近年、アスピリンの外用剤への適用に関する研究が進められている。その成果として、特開昭57−128628公報にはゲル製剤、特開平4−217925公報には経皮吸収性の優れた組成物、特開平6−56654公報にはテープ製剤、特開平6−72879公報には経皮吸収製剤及び特開平6−183980公報と特開平8−113531公報には貼付剤等が開示されている。また、外用剤としての新たな薬効を開示したものとして、特開平3−72426公報の神経痛治療用軟膏剤、特開平9−235232公報の皮膚損傷治療用外用剤、特表平8−504198公報の抗血栓治療および癌予防のための経皮投与システム等が挙げられる。
しかしながら、血液透析患者における皮膚状態の悪化及び体の痒みに対する治療において、有効成分としてアスピリンを用いた外用剤はなく、その治療効果についても何ら知られていない。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は上記問題点を解決するものであり、その目的とするところは、患者のコンプライアンスの向上を図るために、アスピリンを有効成分として、血液透析患者の皮膚症状の改善と痒みに対する治療効果に優れ、副作用も少ない外用剤を提供することにある。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者は上記課題を解決すべく鋭意検討を行った結果、アスピリンを有効成分とする製剤を血液透析患者に経皮的に投与することにより、副作用が軽減し、皮膚症状及び痒みに対して良好な治療効果を示すことを見出した。
すなわち、アスピリンを含有する外用剤を作製し、この製剤を患部、具体的には、皮膚の乾燥部分、湿疹、発赤、蕁麻疹、掻痒症、掻き傷、水疱及び浮腫等の皮膚症状部分並びに痒みのある部分に適用したところ、極めて高い有効性が認められることを見出した。
【0008】
更に、この効果は、製剤中のアスピリン濃度に依存しているが、ある一定以上のアスピリン濃度においては本薬効薬理作用がほとんど変化しなくなる。
アスピリンの投与量は、患者の症状等によりことなるが、通常体重60kg当たり0.01〜200mg/日、経皮的に投与される。
本発明の外用剤に含有されるアスピリンは日本薬局方に収載されており、外用剤中のアスピリン含有量は剤型によって異なるが、製剤全重量に対して、十分な効果の得られる0.01〜80重量%であり、好ましくは0.01〜50重量%、より好ましくは0.05〜30重量%である。アスピリン含有量が80重量%より多くなると物性の保持が困難になり、また、含有量が0.01重量%未満では、アスピリンの持つ作用が十分に発揮されないために好ましくない。
【0009】
本発明が提供する外用剤としては、皮膚の局所表面に有効成分を直接投与できる剤形であれば特に限定されず、例えば軟膏剤、液剤(懸濁剤、乳剤、ローション剤等)、貼付剤、外用散剤及びエアゾール剤等の製剤を用いることができる。
本発明のアスピリン含有外用剤に用いられる配合成分としては、通常の外用剤に用いられる配合成分であれば何れも使用可能である。
軟膏剤・クリーム剤・ゲル剤・ローション剤の場合には、白色ワセリン、黄色ワセリン、ラノリン、サラシミツロウ、セタノール、ステアリルアルコール、ステアリン酸、硬化油、ゲル化炭化水素、ポリエチレングリコール、流動パラフィン、スクワラン等の基剤、オレイン酸、ミリスチン酸イソプロピル、トリイソオクタン酸グリセリン、クロタミトン、セバシン酸ジエチル、アジピン酸ジイソプロピル、ラウリン酸ヘキシル、脂肪酸、脂肪酸エステル、脂肪族アルコール、植物油等の溶剤および溶解補助剤、トコフェロール誘導体、L−アスコルビン酸、ジブチルヒドロキシトルエン、ブチルヒドロキシアニソール等の酸化防止剤、パラヒドロキシ安息香酸エステル等の防腐剤、グリセリン、プロピレングリコール、ヒアルロン酸ナトリウム等の保湿剤、ポリオキシエチレン誘導体、グリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル、プロピレングリコール脂肪酸エステル、レシチン等の界面活性剤、カルボキシビニルポリマー、キサンタンガム、カルボキシメチルセルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム塩類、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース等の増粘剤、安定剤、保存剤、吸収促進剤等又は、その他の適当な添加剤を配合することができる。
【0010】
テープ剤の場合には、スチレン−イソプレン−スチレンブロック共重合体やアクリル樹脂等の粘着剤、脂環族飽和炭化水素系樹脂、ロジン系樹脂、テルペン系樹脂等の粘着付与樹脂、液状ゴム、流動パラフィン等の軟化剤、ジブチルヒドロキシトルエン等の酸化防止剤、プロピレングリコール等の多価アルコール、オレイン酸等の吸収促進剤、ポリオキシエチレン誘導体等の界面活性剤等又は、その他の適当な添加剤を配合することができる。また、ポリアクリル酸ナトリウムやポリビニルアルコールのような含水可能な高分子と少量の精製水を加えて含水テープ剤となすこともできる。
【0011】
エアゾール剤の場合には、軟膏剤・クリーム剤・ゲル剤・懸濁剤・乳剤・液剤およびローション剤等に用いられる、白色ワセリン、黄色ワセリン、ラノリン、サラシミツロウ、セタノール、ステアリルアルコール、ステアリン酸、硬化油、ゲル化炭化水素、ポリエチレングリコール、流動パラフィン、スクワラン等の基剤、オレイン酸、ミリスチン酸イソプロピル、アジピン酸ジイソプロピル、セバシン酸イソプロピル、トリイソオクタン酸グリセリン、クロタミトン、セバシン酸ジエチル、ラウリン酸ヘキシル、脂肪酸、脂肪酸エステル、脂肪族アルコール、植物油等の溶剤および溶解補助剤、、トコフェロール誘導体、L−アスコルビン酸、ジブチルヒドロキシトルエン、ブチルヒドロキシアニソール等の酸化防止剤、パラヒドロキシ安息香酸エステル等の防腐剤、グリセリン、プロピレングリコール、ヒアルロン酸ナトリウム等の保湿剤、ポリオキシエチレン誘導体、グリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル、プロピレングリコール脂肪酸エステル、レシチン等の界面活性剤、カルボキシビニルポリマー、キサンタンガム、カルボキシメチルセルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム塩類、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース等の増粘剤、等の安定剤、緩衝剤、矯味剤、懸濁化剤、乳化剤、芳香剤、保存剤、溶解補助剤、又はその他の適当な添加剤を配合することができる。
【0012】
外用散剤の場合にはバレイショデンプン、コメデンプン、トウモロコシデンプン、タルク、酸化亜鉛等の賦形剤又はその他の添加剤を配合することができる。
本発明の外用剤は、各成分及び必要に応じた基剤をよく混練する等の通常の外用剤を製造する方法を用いて製造され、患部に直接適用したり、布等に塗布および含浸させて適用する等の通常の使用方法により用いられる。
上記の製剤を患部に適時、塗布、貼付、噴霧等すればよい。
軟膏剤を製するには、脂肪、脂肪油、ラノリン、ろう、樹脂、プラスチック、グリコール類、高級アルコール、グリセリン、水、乳化剤、懸濁化剤若しくはその他の適当な添加剤を原料とするか、又はこれらを基剤とし、医薬品を加え、混和して全質を均等にする。基剤成分を加温溶融して均一に撹拌し、所望により吸収促進剤、酸化防止剤、防腐剤、界面活性剤、精製水等の添加物を加え、更に撹拌下アスピリンの微粉末を投入混和し、軟膏或いはクリーム剤を製する。
【0013】
例えば、油脂性軟膏を製するには、原料基剤を加温して融解し、混和し、半ば冷却した後、基剤以外の医薬品を液状又は細末にして基剤の一部と混和し、残りの基剤を加えて全質均等になるまでかき混ぜて練り合わせる。
例えば、乳剤性および水溶性軟膏を製するには、固形の基剤は水浴上で溶かした後、約75℃に保ち、これに水溶性の基剤を水に溶かして同温度又は若干高い温度に加温したものを加え、かき混ぜて全質均等とする。これに他薬を配合するときは、基剤の種類に応じて水溶性又は油溶性医薬品は基剤の一部と混和した後、残りの基剤を加えて全質均等となるまでかき混ぜて練り合わせる。
【0014】
テープ剤を製するには、アクリル樹脂等の粘着剤あるいはスチレン−イソプレン−スチレンブロック共重合体に脂環族飽和炭化水素系樹脂、ロジン系樹脂、テルペン系樹脂等の粘着付与樹脂、液状ゴム、流動パラフィン等の軟化剤、吸収促進剤、酸化防止剤等を加え、トルエン等の有機溶媒に溶解させ混合撹拌した、或いは加熱融解させ混合攪拌した混合物に溶液又は粉末状の薬物を投入混合し、この混合物を剥離紙上に展延し、溶解型の場合は展延、乾燥した後、ポリウレタンフィルム、ポリエチレンフィルム、ポリ塩化ビニルフィルム、織布、不織布等の柔軟な支持体と張り合わせ、所望の大きさに裁断する。
【0015】
ローション剤を製するには、医薬品と溶剤、乳化剤、懸濁化剤等を水性の液体に加え、全質を均等にする。懸濁性ローションは、医薬品を微細化し、グリセリンあるいはエタノール等で水にぬれやすくした後、これに懸濁化剤の溶液又はローション基剤を徐々に加えて混和し、全質均等にする。更に、乳剤性ローションは、油溶性医薬品と油相とを一方の容器に入れ、また別の容器には水相を入れてそれぞれ加温し、O/W型乳剤を作るときは、水相中に油相を徐々に注加し、W/O型乳剤を作るときには、反対に油相に水相を徐々に注加して、乳化が完全に行われ均質な液状となるまで混和し続ける。
【0016】
エアゾール剤を製するには、医薬品の溶液、軟膏剤、クリーム剤、ゲル剤、懸濁剤、乳剤、液剤およびローション剤等を上記記載の方法等により製し、密閉容器に液化ガス又は圧縮ガス等と共に充填する。
本発明の外用剤の治療対象となる疾患としては、血液透析患者における例えば、皮膚の乾燥、湿疹、発赤、蕁麻疹、掻痒症、痒疹、掻き傷、水疱及び浮腫等の皮膚症状及びそれに伴う痒み並びに体の痒み等が挙げられる。
【0017】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、製剤例および試験例により本発明のアスピリン含有外用剤及びその作用効果につき説明する。
【0018】
【製剤例】
製剤例1〜6(軟膏剤)
表1に示す処方に従って、軟膏基剤(ワセリン,ゲル化炭化水素)、溶剤(オレイン酸,ツイーン80,クロタミトン,アルコール,アジピン酸ジイソプロピルまたはミリスチン酸イソプロピル)及びアスピリンを加えて水浴上で十分に攪拌して溶解または分散させた後、さらに攪拌しながら冷却して軟膏剤を得た。
【0019】
【表1】

Figure 2004051522
【0020】
製剤例7〜9(ローション剤)
表2に示す処方に従って、加温した油相にアスピリンを加えて溶解又は分散した。別に予め加温した精製水中に他の成分を溶かし、激しく攪拌しながら油相をこの中に加え、ゆっくり冷やしながら完全に均質な液状となるまで混和し、ローション剤を得た。
【0021】
【表2】
Figure 2004051522
【0022】
製剤例10〜12(ゲル剤)
表3に示す処方に従って、水溶性高分子物質を水浴上で溶かした後、アスピリンを溶剤に分散又は溶解し、残りの基剤と共に全質均等となるまでかき混ぜてゲル剤を得た。
【0023】
【表3】
Figure 2004051522
【0024】
製剤例13〜15(クリーム剤)
表4に示す処方に従って、固形の基剤を水浴上で溶かした後、溶剤を加えて溶解又は分散したアスピリンを混合した。これに水溶性の基剤を水に溶かして加温したものを加え、全質均等となるまでかき混ぜて練り合わせ、クリーム剤を得た。
【0025】
【表4】
Figure 2004051522
【0026】
製剤例16〜18(テープ剤)
表5に示す処方に従って、アクリル樹脂あるいはスチレン−イソプレン−スチレンブロック共重合体の粘着剤に脂環族飽和炭化水素系樹脂、流動パラフィン、ポリブテン、酸化防止剤等を加え、トルエン等の有機溶媒に溶解させ混合撹拌或いは加熱融解させ混合攪拌した混合物にアスピリンを投入混合し、この混合物を剥離紙上に展延し、溶解型の場合は展延、乾燥した後、柔軟な支持体と張り合わせ、所望の大きさに裁断してテープ剤を得た。
【0027】
【表5】
Figure 2004051522
【0028】
製剤例19〜21(散剤)
表6に示す処方に従って、バレイショデンプンと酸化亜鉛及びアスピリンを全質均等になるまでよく混和して散剤を得た。
【0029】
【表6】
Figure 2004051522
【0030】
比較製剤例1−3
表7に示す処方で、軟膏剤の製法に従って、軟膏剤を得た。
【表7】
Figure 2004051522
【0031】
【試験例】
本発明の外用剤の鎮痒効果について、被験者(ボランティア)を用いて痒みに対する投与試験を行った。
痒みの改善度及び皮膚症状の改善度は、A.著効、B.有効、C.やや有効、D.普遍、E.悪化の5段階で評価し、やや有効以上を効果が認められたと判断して、有効率を求めた。
【0032】
試験例1 血液透析患者の皮膚症状に対する改善度
血液透析患者のうち、皮膚症状を有し、痒みを訴えている患者17名に、アスピリン含有外用剤を患部に投与し、皮膚症状の改善度に関する検討を行った。また、比較製剤例として、抗ヒスタミン作用を有するジフェンヒドラミン含有軟膏(比較製剤例1)、ステロイド剤であるデキサメタゾンを含有する軟膏(比較製剤例2)及び軟膏基剤(比較製剤例3)についても同様に検討した。
その結果を表8に示す。
【0033】
【表8】
Figure 2004051522
表8の結果よりアスピリン含有の製剤例2、4、6及び13は、比較製剤例1〜3に比べて、血液透析患者の皮膚症状を改善し、その効果はより強いものであった。
【0034】
試験例2 血液透析患者の痒みに対する改善度
血液透析患者のうち、痒みを訴えている患者19名に、アスピリン含有外用剤を患部に投与し、痒みの改善度に関する検討を行った。また、比較例として、抗ヒスタミン作用を有するジフェンヒドラミン含有軟膏(比較製剤例1)、ステロイド剤であるデキサメタゾンを含有する軟膏(比較製剤例2)及び軟膏基剤(比較製剤例3)についても同様に検討した。
【0035】
その結果を表9に示す。
【表9】
Figure 2004051522
表9の結果よりアスピリン含有の製剤例2、4、6、13及び17は、比較製剤例1〜3に比べて、血液透析患者の痒みに対し、極めて強い鎮痒効果を示した。
【0036】
【発明の効果】
本発明の外用剤は、アスピリンを活性成分として有効に利用することにより、血液透析患者の痒みに対して優れた治療効果を示す。更に、本発明の外用剤は鎮痒作用のみならず、患部の皮膚症状の改善作用も認められた。また、本発明の外用剤は、臨床検査値に何ら影響を及ぼさず、副作用も認められなかったことから安全性も高い治療薬であると考えられる。
本発明により、血液透析患者の様々な痒みに対する十分な治療効果を有するのみならず、皮膚症状の改善作用を有し、副作用も非常に少ないことから、血液透析患者の痒みの治療に有用な外用剤を提供することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】図1は本発明製剤投与前の患者の膝部の写真である。
【図2】図2は本発明製剤投与後の同患者の膝部の写真である。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a therapeutic agent for skin diseases such as dry skin and rash, which are problems in hemodialysis patients, and for pruritus of the body. More specifically, the present invention relates to a treatment for skin diseases and / or pruritus caused by hemodialysis containing acetylsalicylic acid as an active ingredient. The present invention relates to a therapeutic external preparation.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, the number of patients who introduce hemodialysis has increased with the increase in patients with endocrine diseases such as diabetes and metabolic diseases such as chronic renal failure. In patients undergoing hemodialysis, deterioration of the skin condition and strong itchiness of the body have become very problematic. Although various studies have been conducted on the itching and pain of dialysis patients, the mechanism of the onset has not been elucidated yet, and it is extremely intractable compared to skin disease patients who have not been subjected to hemodialysis. Further, at present, there is almost no effective remedy for itching during hemodialysis.
[0003]
Although many antipruritic agents such as antihistamines are currently marketed as oral therapeutic agents for itching, side effects such as drowsiness and malaise associated with taking them are problematic. Further, it is difficult to use an oral therapeutic agent in a hemodialysis patient, for example, side effects are more likely to occur than in a healthy person.
In addition, for skin symptoms and itching of hemodialysis patients, external preparations containing antihistamines and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are not sufficiently effective. An external preparation containing a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug may cause side effects such as skin irritation and contact dermatitis, and its safety is a problem.
[0004]
Furthermore, although topical steroids are very useful for eczema, pruritus, etc., they may cause side effects such as skin atrophy, flushing of steroids, telangiectasia, etc. Drugs absorbed into the blood may migrate into the blood and cause systemic side effects.
By the way, acetylsalicylic acid is generally called aspirin (hereinafter referred to as aspirin), and has been widely used as an antipyretic analgesic for a long time due to its powerful analgesic, antipyretic and antirheumatic effects, and has few side effects and is safe. It is a highly potent drug.
[0005]
In recent years, research on application of aspirin to external preparations has been advanced. As a result, JP-A-57-128628 discloses a gel preparation, JP-A-4-217925 discloses a composition having excellent transdermal absorbability, JP-A-6-56654 discloses a tape preparation, and JP-A-6-72879. JP-A-6-183980 and JP-A-8-113331 disclose a percutaneous absorption preparation and a patch in the publication. Also disclosed are new ointments for treating neuralgia disclosed in JP-A-3-72426, external preparations for treating skin damage disclosed in JP-A-9-235232, and JP-A-8-504198 disclosed as new drug effects as external preparations. Percutaneous administration system for antithrombotic treatment and cancer prevention.
However, there is no topical preparation using aspirin as an active ingredient in the treatment of the deterioration of skin condition and pruritus of the body in hemodialysis patients, and there is no known therapeutic effect.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and aims to improve patient compliance by using aspirin as an active ingredient to improve the skin symptoms of hemodialysis patients and to improve the therapeutic effect on itching. An object of the present invention is to provide an external preparation which is excellent and has few side effects.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventors have conducted intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, and as a result, by transdermally administering a preparation containing aspirin as an active ingredient to a hemodialysis patient, side effects were reduced, and skin symptoms and itching were reduced. It has been found that it shows a good therapeutic effect.
That is, an external preparation containing aspirin was prepared, and this preparation was treated with the affected part, specifically, a skin symptom part such as a dry part of the skin, eczema, redness, hives, pruritus, scratches, blisters and edema, and itching. When applied to certain parts, it was found that extremely high effectiveness was observed.
[0008]
Furthermore, although this effect depends on the aspirin concentration in the preparation, the pharmacodynamic effect of this drug hardly changes at a certain concentration of aspirin.
The dose of aspirin varies depending on the condition of the patient and the like, but is usually transdermally administered at 0.01 to 200 mg / day per 60 kg of body weight.
The aspirin contained in the external preparation of the present invention is listed in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia, and the content of aspirin in the external preparation varies depending on the dosage form, but it is 0.01% with sufficient effect on the total weight of the preparation. To 80% by weight, preferably 0.01 to 50% by weight, more preferably 0.05 to 30% by weight. When the content of aspirin is more than 80% by weight, it is difficult to maintain physical properties, and when the content is less than 0.01% by weight, the action of aspirin is not sufficiently exhibited, which is not preferable.
[0009]
The external preparation provided by the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it can administer the active ingredient directly to the local surface of the skin, and examples thereof include ointments, liquids (suspension, emulsion, lotion, etc.) and patches. And external preparations and aerosol preparations.
As the compounding components used in the aspirin-containing external preparation of the present invention, any compounding components used in ordinary external preparations can be used.
In the case of ointments, creams, gels, and lotions, white petrolatum, yellow petrolatum, lanolin, salami beeswax, cetanol, stearyl alcohol, stearic acid, hardened oil, gelled hydrocarbons, polyethylene glycol, liquid paraffin, squalane Bases, solvents such as oleic acid, isopropyl myristate, glycerin triisooctanoate, crotamiton, diethyl sebacate, diisopropyl adipate, hexyl laurate, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, aliphatic alcohols, vegetable oils, and solubilizers, tocopherols Derivatives, antioxidants such as L-ascorbic acid, dibutylhydroxytoluene and butylhydroxyanisole, preservatives such as parahydroxybenzoate, glycerin, propylene glycol, sodium hyaluronate Moisturizers such as gum, polyoxyethylene derivatives, glycerin fatty acid esters, sucrose fatty acid esters, sorbitan fatty acid esters, propylene glycol fatty acid esters, surfactants such as lecithin, carboxyvinyl polymers, xanthan gum, carboxymethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose sodium salts, Thickeners such as hydroxypropylcellulose and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, stabilizers, preservatives, absorption promoters and the like, or other suitable additives can be added.
[0010]
In the case of a tape agent, an adhesive such as a styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer or an acrylic resin, an alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon resin, a rosin resin, a tackifying resin such as a terpene resin, a liquid rubber, a fluid Softening agents such as paraffin, antioxidants such as dibutylhydroxytoluene, polyhydric alcohols such as propylene glycol, absorption promoters such as oleic acid, surfactants such as polyoxyethylene derivatives, and other suitable additives. Can be blended. Also, a water-containing tape agent can be prepared by adding a water-containing polymer such as sodium polyacrylate or polyvinyl alcohol and a small amount of purified water.
[0011]
In the case of aerosols, ointments, creams, gels, suspensions, emulsions, liquids, lotions, etc., white petrolatum, yellow petrolatum, lanolin, beeswax, cetanol, stearyl alcohol, stearic acid, Bases such as hardened oil, gelled hydrocarbon, polyethylene glycol, liquid paraffin, squalane, oleic acid, isopropyl myristate, diisopropyl adipate, isopropyl sebacate, glycerin triisooctanoate, crotamiton, diethyl sebacate, hexyl laurate, Solvents and solubilizers such as fatty acids, fatty acid esters, aliphatic alcohols and vegetable oils; antioxidants such as tocopherol derivatives, L-ascorbic acid, dibutylhydroxytoluene and butylhydroxyanisole; Preservatives such as perfume esters, humectants such as glycerin, propylene glycol, sodium hyaluronate, surfactants such as polyoxyethylene derivatives, glycerin fatty acid esters, sucrose fatty acid esters, sorbitan fatty acid esters, propylene glycol fatty acid esters, lecithin, etc. , Carboxyvinyl polymer, xanthan gum, carboxymethylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, thickeners such as hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, etc., stabilizers, buffers, flavoring agents, suspending agents, emulsifiers, fragrances, storage Agents, solubilizers, or other suitable additives can be included.
[0012]
In the case of an external powder, excipients such as potato starch, rice starch, corn starch, talc, zinc oxide or other additives can be blended.
The external preparation of the present invention is manufactured by using a method for producing a normal external preparation such as well-kneading each component and a base as necessary, and is directly applied to an affected part or applied and impregnated on a cloth or the like. It is used by a normal use method such as application.
The above preparation may be applied, pasted, sprayed, etc. to the affected part as appropriate.
To prepare an ointment, fat, fatty oil, lanolin, wax, resin, plastic, glycols, higher alcohol, glycerin, water, emulsifier, suspending agent or other suitable additives, Or, using these as a base, add a medicine and mix to make the whole quality uniform. The base component is heated and melted and uniformly stirred, and if necessary, additives such as an absorption promoter, an antioxidant, a preservative, a surfactant, and purified water are added. Further, a fine powder of aspirin is added and mixed while stirring. To make an ointment or cream.
[0013]
For example, to produce an oil-based ointment, the raw material base is heated and melted, mixed, and cooled halfway, and then the pharmaceuticals other than the base are made into a liquid or fine powder and mixed with a part of the base. Add the remaining base, stir and knead until uniform.
For example, in order to prepare an emulsion and a water-soluble ointment, a solid base is dissolved in a water bath and then kept at about 75 ° C., and a water-soluble base is dissolved in water at the same or slightly higher temperature. Add the heated ingredients to a stirrer and stir to equalize the quality. When mixing other drugs with this, water-soluble or oil-soluble drugs are mixed with a part of the base depending on the type of the base, and then the remaining base is added and mixed until uniform in quality. You.
[0014]
To produce a tape agent, an adhesive such as an acrylic resin or a styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer to an alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon resin, a rosin resin, a tackifying resin such as a terpene resin, a liquid rubber, Add a softening agent such as liquid paraffin, an absorption promoter, an antioxidant, etc., dissolve in an organic solvent such as toluene and mix and stir, or heat and melt and mix and stir the solution or powdered drug, and mix. This mixture is spread on release paper, and in the case of a dissolution type, after spreading and drying, it is laminated with a flexible support such as a polyurethane film, a polyethylene film, a polyvinyl chloride film, a woven fabric or a nonwoven fabric, and has a desired size. Cut into pieces.
[0015]
To produce a lotion, a drug, a solvent, an emulsifier, a suspending agent and the like are added to an aqueous liquid, and the whole quality is made uniform. The suspending lotion makes the medicine finer, makes it easier to wet with water with glycerin or ethanol, and then gradually adds a solution of a suspending agent or a lotion base to mix to make the whole substance uniform. Further, an emulsion lotion contains an oil-soluble drug and an oil phase in one container, and an aqueous phase in another container and heats each. When the W / O emulsion is prepared by gradually pouring the oil phase into the oil phase, the water phase is gradually poured into the oil phase, and mixing is continued until the emulsification is completed and the liquid becomes homogeneous.
[0016]
In order to produce an aerosol, a pharmaceutical solution, ointment, cream, gel, suspension, emulsion, liquid, lotion, etc. is produced by the method described above or the like, and a liquefied gas or compressed gas is placed in a closed container. Fill together with etc.
The diseases to be treated with the external preparation of the present invention include, for example, skin symptoms such as dry skin, eczema, redness, urticaria, pruritus, prurigo, scratches, blisters and edema in hemodialysis patients, and itch associated therewith. And itching of the body.
[0017]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the aspirin-containing external preparation of the present invention and the effects thereof will be described with reference to Formulation Examples and Test Examples.
[0018]
[Formulation example]
Formulation Examples 1 to 6 (Ointment)
According to the formulation shown in Table 1, an ointment base (Vaseline, gelled hydrocarbon), a solvent (oleic acid, Tween 80, crotamiton, alcohol, diisopropyl adipate or isopropyl myristate) and aspirin were added, and the mixture was sufficiently stirred on a water bath. After dissolving or dispersing, an ointment was obtained by further cooling with stirring.
[0019]
[Table 1]
Figure 2004051522
[0020]
Formulation Examples 7 to 9 (Lotion)
According to the formulation shown in Table 2, aspirin was added to the heated oil phase to dissolve or disperse. Separately, the other components were dissolved in purified water that had been heated in advance, and the oil phase was added thereto with vigorous stirring, and the mixture was slowly cooled and mixed until a completely homogeneous liquid was obtained, thereby obtaining a lotion.
[0021]
[Table 2]
Figure 2004051522
[0022]
Formulation Examples 10 to 12 (gel)
According to the formulation shown in Table 3, after dissolving the water-soluble polymer substance in a water bath, aspirin was dispersed or dissolved in a solvent, and the mixture was stirred with the remaining base material until the whole material became uniform to obtain a gel.
[0023]
[Table 3]
Figure 2004051522
[0024]
Formulation Examples 13 to 15 (cream)
According to the formulation shown in Table 4, the solid base was dissolved on a water bath, and then a solvent was added to mix the dissolved or dispersed aspirin. A solution prepared by dissolving a water-soluble base in water and heating was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred and kneaded until the quality became uniform to obtain a cream.
[0025]
[Table 4]
Figure 2004051522
[0026]
Formulation Examples 16 to 18 (tapes)
According to the formulation shown in Table 5, an alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon resin, liquid paraffin, polybutene, an antioxidant and the like are added to an adhesive of an acrylic resin or a styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer, and the mixture is added to an organic solvent such as toluene. Aspirin is added to the mixture that has been melted and mixed or stirred or melted by heating and mixed and stirred. The mixture is spread on release paper, and in the case of a dissolution type, spread and dried, and then bonded to a flexible support. The tape was cut into a size to obtain a tape.
[0027]
[Table 5]
Figure 2004051522
[0028]
Formulation Examples 19 to 21 (powder)
According to the formulation shown in Table 6, potato starch, zinc oxide and aspirin were thoroughly mixed until the quality became uniform to obtain a powder.
[0029]
[Table 6]
Figure 2004051522
[0030]
Comparative Preparation Example 1-3
Ointments were obtained according to the formulation shown in Table 7 according to the ointment preparation method.
[Table 7]
Figure 2004051522
[0031]
[Test example]
With respect to the antipruritic effect of the external preparation of the present invention, an administration test for itching was performed using test subjects (volunteers).
The degree of improvement of itching and the degree of improvement of skin symptoms are described in A. Significant effect, B. Valid, C.I. Somewhat effective, D. Universal, E. Evaluation was made in five stages of deterioration, and the effect was judged to be slightly more than effective, and the effective rate was obtained.
[0032]
Test Example 1 Improvement of Skin Symptoms of Hemodialysis Patients Among 17 hemodialysis patients who had skin symptoms and complained of pruritus, an external preparation containing aspirin was administered to the affected area, and the degree of improvement of skin symptoms was evaluated. Study was carried out. In addition, diphenhydramine-containing ointments having antihistamine action (Comparative Formulation Example 1), ointments containing dexamethasone as a steroid (Comparative Formulation Example 2), and ointment base (Comparative Formulation Example 3) are also the same as Comparative Formulation Examples. Was considered.
Table 8 shows the results.
[0033]
[Table 8]
Figure 2004051522
From the results in Table 8, the aspirin-containing preparation examples 2, 4, 6, and 13 improved skin symptoms of hemodialysis patients as compared with comparative preparation examples 1 to 3, and the effect was stronger.
[0034]
Test Example 2 Degree of Improvement of Itching in Hemodialysis Patients Among the hemodialysis patients, 19 patients who complained of itching were administered an external preparation containing aspirin to the affected area, and the degree of improvement of itching was examined. In addition, as comparative examples, a diphenhydramine-containing ointment having antihistamine action (Comparative Formulation Example 1), an ointment containing dexamethasone which is a steroid agent (Comparative Formulation Example 2), and an ointment base (Comparative Formulation Example 3) were similarly prepared. investigated.
[0035]
Table 9 shows the results.
[Table 9]
Figure 2004051522
From the results in Table 9, the aspirin-containing preparation examples 2, 4, 6, 13 and 17 showed an extremely strong antipruritic effect on itching of hemodialysis patients as compared with comparative preparation examples 1 to 3.
[0036]
【The invention's effect】
The external preparation of the present invention exhibits an excellent therapeutic effect on itching in hemodialysis patients by effectively utilizing aspirin as an active ingredient. Furthermore, the external preparation of the present invention was found to have not only an antipruritic effect but also an effect of improving skin symptoms at the affected part. In addition, the external preparation of the present invention has no effect on clinical laboratory values and has no side effects, and thus is considered to be a highly safe therapeutic agent.
According to the present invention, since it has not only a sufficient therapeutic effect on various pruritus in hemodialysis patients but also a skin symptom ameliorating effect and very few side effects, it is useful for topical use in treating pruritus in hemodialysis patients An agent can be provided.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a knee of a patient before administration of the preparation of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a photograph of the knee of the patient after administration of the preparation of the present invention.

Claims (1)

アセチルサリチル酸を有効成分として含有する血液透析による皮膚疾患及び/又は痒みの治療用外用剤。An external preparation for treating skin diseases and / or itching by hemodialysis, which comprises acetylsalicylic acid as an active ingredient.
JP2002209872A 2002-07-18 2002-07-18 External preparation for treatment of skin diseases and itch caused by hemodialysis Expired - Fee Related JP4313003B2 (en)

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