JP4305105B2 - Vehicle back door structure - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a vehicular back door structure, and more particularly to a vehicular back door structure that is divided into two vertically.

  There are various types of vehicle back door structures, but many one-box cars and the like adopt a flip-up type back door structure. The flip-up backdoor structure allows for a large space near the opening at the rear end of the vehicle when the backdoor is fully opened, making it easy to load and unload luggage, and jumping up on rainy days It is very convenient because the back door can be used instead of the roof

  However, in the case of the flip-up type back door structure, the back door is pivotally attached to the upper edge of the opening at the rear end of the vehicle. Therefore, when the back door is fully opened, Space more than the height of is required. In recent years, the floor of vehicles has been lowered to expand the living space, and the height of the back door opening at the rear end of the vehicle has increased accordingly, so a larger space must be secured behind the vehicle. Don't be.

  Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, the back door is divided into two parts, the back door upper 1 and the back door lower 2, and the upper end of the back door up 1 is connected to the rear end of the vehicle via a hinge (not shown). A back door structure has been proposed in which a mechanism is provided that allows the back door lower 2 to slide along the outer surface of the back door upper 1 while being rotatably attached to the upper edge of the opening 3 (for example, Patent Document 1).

  In this back door structure, when the occupant stands behind the vehicle and lifts the back door lower 2 toward the front side to open the back door, the back door upper 1 rotates around the hinge and the back door lower 2 Since it slides on the upper surface of the door upper 1 as shown by arrow A, the length of the entire back door is shortened, and the back door can be easily opened even if there is no large space behind the vehicle.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 12, the back door is divided into two parts, the back door upper 5 and the back door lower 6. A so-called folding type back door structure in which the back door upper 5 and the back door lower 6 are connected to each other via a hinge 9 while being rotatably attached to the edge has been proposed (for example, Patent Document 2). reference).

Also in this door structure, when the occupant stands behind the vehicle and raises the back door lower 6 to the near side, the back door upper 5 and the back door lower 6 are folded by the hinge 7, and as a result, a large space is formed behind the vehicle. Even if there is no, the back door can be easily opened.
JP 2002-46472 A No. 6-5490

  However, in the above-described prior art, in the back door structure in which the back door lower slides on the outer surface of the back door upper, the back door lower is positioned above the back door upper when the back door is fully opened. Therefore, even if the occupant extends his hand to close the back door, the occupant's hand is difficult to reach the back door lower.

  Also, in the back-folding structure of the folding type, when opening the back door, the back door lower tilts with the opening side at the rear end of the vehicle down, so that when the back door is opened or closed during rain, rainwater There is also a problem that it easily flows down to the opening at the rear end of the vehicle.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a vehicular back door structure that can be easily opened and closed and has sufficient consideration for rainwater.

  In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention is characterized in that when the back door is opened, the back door lower is configured to sink under the back door upper. That is, according to the present invention, the back door provided in the opening at the rear end of the vehicle has a back door upper located at the uppermost part and a back door lower located at the lowermost part, and is divided into at least two parts vertically. A back door structure for a vehicle in which an upper end portion of a back door upper is pivotally attached to an upper edge portion of the opening portion via a hinge, and is a first link disposed substantially vertically when the back door is fully closed. A second link whose one side is pivotally connected to the first link at the upper connection point of the upper end of the first link, and one side is the first link at an intermediate connection point below the upper connection point. A pair of 4-link hinges, each consisting of a third link pivotably connected and a fourth link pivotally connected to the first link at a lower connection point below the intermediate connection point. Other than the second link provided The other side of the fourth link is pivotally attached to the back door upper, and the other side of the third link is pivotally attached to the side edge of the opening to open the back door. The back door upper pivots about the hinge, while the four-link hinge causes the back door lower to sink under the back door upper.

  According to the above configuration, when the occupant stands behind the vehicle and raises the back door lower to the near side, the back door upper rotates around the hinge and the 4-link hinge lowers the back door lower below the back door upper. You can dive into the side.

  In addition, by using the 4-link hinge, the back door upper and the back door lower are maintained parallel to each other when the back door is opened and closed, that is, the back door upper and the back door lower are connected to the opening at the rear end of the vehicle. If it is held in an inclined state with the side up, rainwater will not flow down the opening at the rear end of the vehicle through the back door lower during rain.

  According to the present invention, when the back door is opened, the back door lower is configured to sink into the lower side of the back door upper, so the length of the entire back door is shortened, and even if there is no large space behind the vehicle, The back door can be easily opened and closed, and when the back door is closed, a passenger's hand can easily reach the back door.

  In addition, when opening the back door, if the back door upper and back door lower are held in an inclined state with the opening side of the rear end of the vehicle facing up, rainwater will travel along the back door even during rain and the rear end of the vehicle. It does not flow down into the opening.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the rear part of the vehicle, and FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the vehicle back door shown in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a vehicle 10 includes an opening 11 at a rear end, and a back door 12 having a vehicle back door structure according to the present invention is attached to the opening 11. The back door 12 has a back door upper 13 located at the uppermost part and a back door lower 14 located at the lowermost part, and is divided into two in the vertical direction. The upper end part 13A of the back door upper 13 has a hinge (not shown). It is attached to the upper edge part 11A of the opening part 11 via the opening. A back door glass 15 is attached to the back door upper 13.

  The back door upper 13 and the back door lower 14 are supported by the vehicle 10 via a four-link hinge 16. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the four-link hinge 16 has a first link 17 disposed substantially vertically when the back door 12 is fully closed, and an upper connection point 18 at the upper end of the first link 17. A second link 19 rotatably connected to one link 17, a third link 21 having one side rotatably connected to the first link 17 at an intermediate connection point 20 below the upper connection point 18; The lower link 22 below the intermediate link 20 has a fourth link 23 that is pivotally connected to the first link 17 at one side.

  A pin 18A is provided at the upper connection point 18, and the first link 17 and the second link 19 are connected to each other by a pin 18A. Further, a pin 20A is provided at the intermediate connection point 20, and the first link 17 and the third link 21 are connected to each other by the pin 20A. Further, a pin 22A is provided at the lower connection point 22, and the first link 17 and the fourth link 23 are connected to each other by the pin 22A.

  In FIG. 2, only the 4-link hinge 16 provided on the left side of the back door upper 13 and the back door lower 14 is shown, but the 4-link hinge 16 is also provided on the right side of the back door upper 13 and the back door lower 14. ing. The left and right 4-link hinges 16 are formed in a symmetrical shape with respect to the center line L of the back door upper 13 and the back door lower 14. FIG. 3 shows only the left side of the back door 12 and the right side is omitted, so that only the left side of the 4-link hinge 16 is shown.

  The first link 17 of the four link hinge 16 has a longer overall length than the second to fourth links 19, 21, and 23, and a bent portion bent toward one side (back door lower 14 side) at the lower end thereof. 17A is formed. Further, a projecting piece 17B projecting toward one side (back door upper 13 side) is formed at the intermediate portion of the first link 17, and the tip of the projecting piece 17B is bent at a right angle toward the center in the vehicle width direction. A bent portion 17C is provided.

  As shown in FIG. 3, small holes 24 and 25 are formed on the side surface of the back door upper 13, and the small holes 24 and 25 have a pin 26 and a fourth link 23 provided on the other side of the second link 19. The pins 27 provided on the other side are respectively fitted. The second link 19 is rotatable around the pin 26 and the fourth link is rotatable around the pin 27.

  The other side of the third link 21 is rotatably attached to a side edge of the opening 11 (see FIG. 1) at the rear end of the vehicle by a pin (not shown) inserted through the pin hole 28. The second link 19 and the fourth link 23 are equal in length, and the distance between the pin 18A and the pin 22A is equal to the distance between the pin 26 and the pin 27. Is always set to remain parallel.

  An attachment plate 17D is provided at the end of the curved portion 17A of the first link 17, and this attachment plate 17D is attached to the inner surface of the back door lower 14 with screws or the like, whereby the lower portion of the 4-link hinge 16 is the back door. It is fixed to the lower 14.

  A reinforcement 29 is provided along the vehicle width direction below the back door upper 13 (below the back door glass 15). As shown in FIG. 4, the reinforcement 29 is formed of an elongated plate-like member and is provided inside the inner panel 13 </ b> B of the back door upper 13. Further, as shown in FIG. 5, the reinforcement 29 has a concave groove 30 formed in the center portion along the vehicle width direction. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. 3, and FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line CC in FIG.

  Further, brackets 31 are provided at both lower ends of the back door upper 13 (the positions of both ends of the lower portion substantially coincide with both end portions of the reinforcement 29). The bracket 31 is disposed at a position facing the bent portion 17C of the protruding portion 17B formed on the first link 17 of the 4-link hinge 16.

  2 and 3, reference numerals 32 and 33 denote lock mechanisms that function when the back door 12 is fully closed. The lock mechanism 32 locks the back door lower 14 to the back door upper 13, and the lock mechanism 33 is The back door lower 14 is locked to the lower edge 11B (see FIG. 1) of the opening 11. Reference numeral 34 denotes an outside pull handle provided on the outer surface of the back door lower 14.

Next, the operation of the vehicular back door structure configured as described above will be described with reference to FIGS.
6 to 8 show the movement when the back door 12 provided in the rear end opening 11 of the vehicle is opened and closed. FIG. 6 shows the state when the door is fully closed, and FIG. 7 shows the state when the door is being opened and closed. FIG. 8 shows a state when the door is fully opened.

  When the door is fully closed, as shown in FIG. 6, the back door lower 14 is positioned below the back door upper 13. The 4-link hinge 16 is supported by the second link 19 and the fourth link 23 on the side surface of the back door upper 13, and the third link 21 is supported on the side edge of the opening 11 at the rear end of the vehicle. The portion 17A is supported by the inner surface of the back door lower 14 and is disposed substantially in the vertical direction.

  When the occupant stands, for example, behind the vehicle and pulls the outside pull handle 34 (see FIG. 2) to open the back door 12, the back door upper 13 is moved to the upper edge 11A of the opening 11 as shown in FIG. The back door lower 14 and the 4-link hinge 16 are inserted through a pin hole 28 (see FIG. 2 and FIG. 3) and the third link 21 is passed through the side edge of the opening 11 while rotating about the provided hinge 35. It pivots about a pin 36 that is pivotally attached to the part. Since the pin 36 is positioned lower than the hinge 35, when the back door 12 is further opened, the first link 17 of the 4-link hinge 16 is gradually separated from the back door upper 13, thereby the back door lower. The upper surface (outer surface) of 14 is positioned inside the lower surface (inner surface) of the back door upper 13. At this time, since the second link 19 and the fourth link 23 of the 4-link hinge 16 are always parallel, the first link 17 of the 4-link hinge 16 is maintained parallel to the back door 13, As a result, the back door lower 14 to which the first link 17 is fixed is also parallel to the back door upper 13.

  Thus, since the back door lower 14 is located inside the lower surface (inner surface) of the back door upper 13 and is parallel to the back door upper 13, when the back door 12 is further opened, it is shown in FIG. As described above, the back door lower 14 sinks below the back door upper 13, and as a result, the height of the entire back door 12 is reduced. In FIG. 8, R1 is the locus of the lower end of the back door when the back door that is not divided into two is opened, and R2 is the lower end of the back door lower when the back door is opened in this embodiment. It is a trajectory.

  When the back door 12 is closed, the operation opposite to the above is performed, that is, in the order of FIGS. In this case, the back door 12 is often closed vigorously. However, when the back door 12 is closed vigorously, a large load is applied particularly near the contact portion of the back door upper 13 with the back door lower 14.

  In this embodiment, since the reinforcement 29 is provided at the lower part of the back door upper 13, the rigidity of the lower part of the back door upper 13 is enhanced, and brackets 31 are provided at both lower ends of the back door upper 13. Therefore, when the back door 12 is closed with force, the bracket 31 hits the bent portion 17C of the projecting portion 17C of the 4-link hinge 16, and a large load can be dispersed.

  According to this embodiment, when the back door 12 is opened, the back door lower 14 sinks into the lower side of the back door upper 13, so that the length of the entire back door 12 is shortened and there is no large space behind the vehicle. However, the back door 12 can be easily opened and closed, and when the back door 12 is closed, the passenger's hand can easily reach the lower end of the back door lower 14.

  Further, when the back door 12 is opened, if the back door upper 13 and the back door lower 14 are held in an inclined state with the opening 11 side at the rear end of the vehicle facing upward, rainwater will cause the back door 12 to fall even when it rains. Therefore, it does not flow down to the opening 11.

  FIG. 9 shows a modification of this embodiment. In this modification, the back door glass 15 attached to the back door upper 13 is configured to be openable and closable. That is, the back door glass 15 is attached to the upper end portion 13A of the back door upper 13 via the hinge 40 so that the occupant can freely open and close it. Other configurations are the same as in the above embodiment.

  According to this modification, the back door upper 13 can be opened to ventilate the interior of the vehicle, so that a user-friendly vehicle can be realized.

  In the above-described embodiment, the back door is divided into the back door upper and the back door lower. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and is applied to the back door divided into three or more. Also good.

It is a perspective view of the vehicle rear part which has the back door structure for vehicles concerning the present invention. It is a principal part block diagram of the vehicle back door structure which concerns on this invention. FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the vehicle back door shown in FIG. 2. It is sectional drawing along the BB line of FIG. It is sectional drawing along CC line of FIG. It is the figure which showed the state at the time of a door fully closed. It is the figure which showed the state in the middle of door opening and closing. It is the figure which showed the state at the time of door full open. It is a perspective view of the vehicle rear part which has the back door structure for vehicles by a modification. It is the figure which showed the state in the middle of opening and closing of the back door by a prior art example. It is the figure which showed the state at the time of the full open of the back door by a prior art example. It is the figure which showed the state at the time of the full open of the back door by another prior art example.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Vehicle 11 Opening part 12 Back door 13 Back door upper 14 Back door lower 15 Back door glass 16 4 link hinge 17 1st link 19 2nd link 21 3rd link 23 4th link 29 Reinforcement 31 Bracket 35 Hinge

Claims (4)

A back door provided at an opening at the rear end of the vehicle has a back door upper located at the uppermost part and a back door lower located at the lowermost part, and is divided into at least two parts in the vertical direction, and the upper end of the back door upper Is a vehicle back door structure rotatably attached to the upper edge of the opening through a hinge,
A first link disposed substantially vertically when the back door is fully closed, a second link whose one side is rotatably connected to the first link at an upper connection point of the upper end of the first link, and the upper connection point A third link that is pivotally connected to the first link at an intermediate connection point below and a lower link point that is lower than the intermediate connection point so that one side is rotatable to the first link. A pair of 4-link hinges comprising a connected fourth link;
The other side of the second link and the other side of the fourth link are pivotally attached to the back door upper, and the other side of the third link is pivotally attached to a side edge of the opening. Being
When the back door is opened, the back door upper rotates about the hinge, and the back door lower sinks below the back door upper by the 4-link hinge. Construction.   2. The vehicle back door structure according to claim 1, wherein the back door lower is embedded in an underside of the back door upper with an outer panel thereof being an upper side.   The vehicle back door structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a glass hatch is incorporated in the back door upper. The vehicle back door structure according to claim 1, wherein the second link and the fourth link of the four-link hinge are attached in parallel.

Images