JP4299279B2 - Structure with opening and lid - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a structure with an opening such as a side groove block for preventing noise and rattling.

  There is an application to prevent noise by devising the shape in the side groove. In particular, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-343658 discloses that the side groove main body and the side groove lid are not rattled or the side groove lid is flipped up only by performing some processing on the manufacturing form for manufacturing the conventional side groove. A technique for the purpose is disclosed.

  Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-343658 includes a manufacturing mold having at least an inner mold and an outer mold, and includes an inner wall having a U-shaped cross section and a lid hanging portion formed above the inner wall. A side groove manufacturing method for manufacturing a side groove main body having an inner wall mold in which a horizontal mold frame portion forming a horizontal portion of a lid hanging portion of the side groove main body and an inner wall having a U-shaped cross section are formed on the inner mold frame. And by placing an auxiliary part having a substantially triangular cross section or a curved part formed on one side at the corners of the horizontal frame and the inner wall frame, and driving the concrete, It is disclosed to form a linearly inclined portion or a curved portion that curves toward the inner wall side in the side groove body.

Then, the lid hanging portion is formed with a horizontal portion facing the left and right side surfaces of the bottom surface of the side groove lid, and a linear inclined portion that is continuously inclined to the inner wall side with the horizontal portion, and a linear inclination of the side groove body Since the inclination angle of the groove portion and the inclination angle of the lid-side inclined portion on the bottom surface of the side groove lid are different, it is described that the linear inclined portion and the lid-side inclined portion of the side groove body are brought into point contact in the cross section. In addition, since the connecting corner portion connecting the horizontal portion and the curved portion of the side groove body is point-contacted in cross section with the linear inclined portion of the bottom surface of the side groove lid, the lid hanging portion of the side groove body and the bottom surface of the side groove lid Line contact in the longitudinal direction of the side groove. Therefore, it is described that rattling can be suppressed between the side groove main body and the side groove lid.
JP-A-11-343658

  In the technique disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-343658, the linear inclined portion and the lid-side inclined portion of the side groove main body having different inclination angles are in point contact with each other in cross section. That is, point contact is realized by applying the angle of the linear inclined portion of the groove body or the angle of the lid-side inclined portion to the other linear inclination. Moreover, a point contact is implement | achieved because the connection corner | angular part which the horizontal part and curved part of a side groove main body connect hits the linear inclination part of the bottom face of a side groove cover. Therefore, it can be said that it is possible to make point contact, that is, line contact in the longitudinal direction because the other corner hits the linear inclined portion of the lid or the main body. For this reason, if a portion other than the other corner hits, point contact or line contact will not be realized, causing rattling, and once rattling occurs, causing corner chipping, It becomes impossible to suppress rattling. Therefore, the manufacturing accuracy of the lid portion of the side groove body and the bottom surface of the side groove lid must be extremely high. For example, it is described that the inclination angle of the linear inclined portion of the main body is about 10 degrees, and the inclination angle of the lid-side inclined portion is 11.2 degrees. The length of the lid-side inclined portion is about 20 mm, and the height is about several mm.

  Even if it is possible to manufacture such a structure in mm units and fine angles with high precision in concrete products, it takes time and effort to manage the formwork and the manufacturing process. It is difficult to market. Furthermore, even if it can be manufactured with high accuracy, when it is carried in and out, or when handled on site, if a minute corner chip occurs, it does not cause point contact and causes rattling. Therefore, the technique disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-343658 can be realized by suppressing the rattling of the lid, and by simply performing some processing on the manufacturing formwork for manufacturing the conventional side groove. Although it is the purpose, it is not easy to manufacture as an actual product. Furthermore, even if it can be manufactured, it is difficult to apply it in the ideal shape on site, and it cannot be said that it is a technology that can stably provide desired performance.

  Furthermore, in the technique disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-343658, an attempt is made to achieve point contact by applying the corner of the lid-side inclined portion to the other linear inclination. When the lid-side inclined part is molded with attaching, the corner becomes a place welded to attach the auxiliary member, or even if it is not welded, it becomes a place where different members come into contact or intersect, so the shape is not stable . Although it is possible to finish the welded part with a sander etc., it is extremely difficult to finish without any unevenness. Therefore, the portion where point contact is to be realized becomes a portion where unevenness, warpage or distortion is likely to occur, and it is difficult to suppress rattling.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a configuration of a lid and a main body that can be stably installed in an environment or conditions in which the lid is actually used without causing rattling or noise. It is said. Although the present invention is not limited to side grooves, the problem of noise and rattling is significant in side grooves where noise may occur each time a vehicle passes. It is another object of the present invention to disclose a configuration that is free from noise or very small and can prevent the lid from being flipped up.

One embodiment of the present invention is a structure with an opening having a concrete lid having a substantially square planar shape and a concrete main body having an opening on which the lid is placed. The main body of the structure with an opening has a main body side support portion formed along a pair of edges of the opening so as to support the bottom side of the lid, and the main body side support portion includes an outer horizontal portion and The lid is inclined toward the inside of the main body, and the lid has a horizontal edge facing the horizontal portion of the main body side support portion on the bottom side, and the inclined portion from the edge. and includes a column-shaped projection projecting in two rows so that is divided in the vicinity of the center of the lid, and a substantially horizontal central portion of substantially the same FutaAtsu the edge between these projections. Furthermore, the lid and the main body side support portion are provided with a notch for guiding rainwater to the inside of the main body through the divided portions.

Another aspect of the present invention is a concrete lid having a substantially square shape placed on the opening of the main body, and the opening of the main body supports the bottom side of the lid along the set of edges. The main body side support portion is formed as described above, and the main body side support portion includes an outer horizontal portion and a slope portion that is linear or curved toward the inside of the main body on the inner side, the bottom side, and a horizontal edge facing the horizontal portion of the body side support section, and this was contact with the inclined surface portion from the edge portion, the column-shaped projections projecting in two rows so that is divided in the vicinity of the center of the lid Between these projections, there is a substantially horizontal central portion with the same lid thickness as the edges. Furthermore, it has the notch which guides rainwater to the inside of a main body through the location where the row | line | column-shaped protrusion was parted. It is desirable that the cross-section of the end portion of the row-shaped projection divided near the center of the lid is smaller than the cross-section of the end portion of the row-like projection at both ends of the lid. In addition, it is desirable that the ends of the row-shaped projections divided near the center of the lid are rounded.

  In order to facilitate manufacture by the formwork and to secure the strength of the molded shape, the shape to be molded to suppress rattling is not the mm unit, but the cm unit or a size close thereto. is there. However, if the height of the inclined part on the lid side is increased, the bottom of the lid will largely protrude into the inside of the side groove main body, and the lid becomes thick. From the strength design of the lid, there is little meaning to thicken the central portion of the lid, rather than the thickness of the lid on the portion of the side groove body that rests on the lid hanging portion. Therefore, increasing the height of the inclined portion only makes the lid heavier, and is not an economical solution in various respects such as manufacturing cost and freight. Further, when the bottom of the lid protrudes into the inside of the side groove body, the effective cross section of the flow path of the side groove is reduced, and the designed side groove flow rate is reduced. Therefore, a side groove having a nominal size of 300 may be originally required, but a side groove having a nominal size of 400 may need to be laid, and this is not an economical solution. For this reason, it is not easy to increase the size of the shape to be molded in order to suppress rattling.

  Therefore, this problem is solved by providing a row of protrusions on the bottom surface of the lid. That is, a structure with an opening having a concrete lid having a substantially square planar shape and a concrete body having an opening on which the lid rests, the body opening to support the bottom side of the lid A body-side support portion formed along a pair of edges, the body-side support portion having an outer horizontal portion, and a slope portion that is linear or curved toward the inside of the body on the inside. A structure with an opening is provided. And as a lid placed on the opening of the main body, on the bottom side, a horizontal edge facing the horizontal part of the main body side support part, and a row of protrusions protruding from this edge so as to contact the slope part A concrete lid is provided having a substantially horizontal central portion that secures a lid thickness that is substantially the same as the edge between the protrusions.

  Also in the structure with an opening, the lid on the main body side, that is, the main body side support portion is provided with an outer horizontal portion and a slope portion that is linear or curved toward the inside of the main body on the inner side. . Therefore, the main body of the structure with an opening is manufactured by attaching an auxiliary member (joint material) that forms a slope portion to the lid portion of the conventional formwork used to manufacture the main body such as a conventional side groove block. It is economical because the assets of the conventional formwork can be used effectively. When the auxiliary member is attached to the lid hanging portion or the lid receiving portion, the inner mold forming the opening may come into contact with the auxiliary member. At this time, if the auxiliary member has a triangular shape, there is a possibility that the tip of the auxiliary member and the inner mold frame will hit each other and be damaged. Therefore, it is desirable that the auxiliary member has an opening side that may come into contact with the inner mold, that is, a portion that forms the inside of the main body side support portion has a slope change horizontally from the slope. Thereby, the 3rd surface in which the gradient changed to the horizontal direction inside the slope part is formed in a main body side support part.

  In the lid, by providing a row of projections on the bottom side of the lid, the thickness of the central portion of the lid can be made substantially the same as the edge even if the size of the projection is increased, and the lid is thick as described above. All of the problems, i.e., the manufacturing cost and freight, and the problem of a decrease in the flow rate of the gutter can be solved. Therefore, the shape of the lid side in contact with the inclined surface portion of the main body side support portion can be made in a unit of cm or a size close to a unit of cm instead of the unit of mm, and the problem of manufacturing tolerance when the concrete lid is manufactured with a formwork, Moreover, the problem of the strength of the shape for preventing rattling can be solved. For this reason, it is easy to manufacture and can provide a lid that is less likely to be damaged when transported or installed on-site. By placing the lid on the opening of the main body, rattling and noise are generated. Can be prevented. Therefore, it is possible to provide a structure with an opening that can be marketed at a low cost, and that can provide sufficient silencing and rattling prevention effects when actually constructed on site, and a lid therefor.

  Further, the lid has a thickness necessary for maintaining the strength of the lid at the edge and the center, and the strength of the center and the strength of the edge are both necessary and sufficient. Therefore, it is equivalent in strength to a conventional lid having a uniform thickness. For this reason, even if the lid rotates, the edge portion hits the horizontal portion of the main body side support portion, and the designed load can be supported in that state. Therefore, the lid can prevent rattling and noise, is highly safe, and is economical in various respects because there is no unnecessary thickness.

  The size of the row-shaped protrusions provided on the bottom side of the lid can be in the unit of cm. However, if the protrusions are made too large, the weight due to the additional protrusions increases, which is not economical. In consideration of the strength and shape of the protrusion, a shape that stands up along the side wall of the main body is not preferable, and a symmetrical shape such as a semicircular cross section or a trapezoid is preferable. Therefore, a part of the protrusion tends to protrude into the main body, which may affect the effective cross section of the flow path of the side groove. For this reason, it is desirable to stop the size of the protrusions so that they protrude from the bottom side of the lid within a range of about 10 to 30 mm.

  Further, the fact that the size of the protrusion can be increased means that the angle of the slope portion of the main body can be increased. In order to secure the strength of the projection when the size of the projection on the lid is small, the angle of the surface constituting the projection must be reduced. Therefore, when the angle of the slope portion on the main body side is increased, a large gap is opened between the main body side support portion and the edge of the lid, and as a structure with an opening, the cross section of the connection portion between the main body side support portion and the lid Defects become large and become unstable in strength. On the other hand, if the size of the protrusion can be increased, the gap is reduced even if the angle of the slope portion on the main body side is increased, and the cross-sectional defect hardly occurs. Therefore, it is possible to adopt a structure in which the slope portion is inclined downward by about 30 to 60 degrees.

  Furthermore, since the cross-sectional area protruding to the inside of the main body can be reduced by making the protrusion, the protrusion itself has little influence on the effective cross section of the flow path even if a part of the protrusion protrudes inside the main body. . On the other hand, since the protrusion can be shifted inward from the edge of the lid, a horizontal part can be secured in a sufficient area on the edge of the lid, and when the excessive load is applied, the horizontal part is reliably The lid can be surely supported by hitting the horizontal part of the main body side support part. Therefore, a safer lid and opening structure can be provided.

  When the slope part is nearly horizontal, the slope part and the bottom surface of the lid are in contact with each other at a point, and in order to leave some gaps in other parts, the corner of the protrusion or the slope part of the slope part is not sharp. Must not. Furthermore, since the load acts almost upward on the contacted corner, all of the ring load applied to the lid and the lid must be concentrated and received at the corner of the projection or the slope of the slope portion. Although the compressive strength of concrete is very high, it is impossible to withstand such concentrated loads. Therefore, when a load is applied, the corners of the projections and the slopes of the slopes that have changed will be lost, resulting in contact with the surface, and the position where the projections and the slopes are in contact with each other may cause rattling and noise. become.

  On the other hand, if the slope portion is large and tilted to about 30 to 60, and further around 45 degrees (about 40 to 50 degrees), the load applied to the lid is in the direction along the slope portion (slip or friction direction). The force applied to the protrusions in the direction perpendicular to the slope is decomposed, and the force applied to the protrusions is reduced. Therefore, it becomes difficult to generate damage to the protrusion. Furthermore, the force in the sliding direction acts as a force for pushing or rotating until the projection on the lid side uniformly contacts the slope portion. For this reason, even if there is some manufacturing error or dust is inserted between the slope and the protrusion, and the protrusion on the lid partially floats from the slope, The lid moves or rotates to a position that does not move due to the load. Therefore, the lid settles in a state where no rattling occurs automatically by applying a load, and noise and rattling can be prevented.

  If the angle of the slope is too large, the sliding force increases, which may be convenient for preventing rattling. However, since the length by which the slope portion is projected in the horizontal direction is shortened, the range in which the slope portion is conveniently in contact with the projection on the lid side is narrowed, and it is difficult to adjust the position where the lid is placed. Therefore, it is desirable that the inclination of the slope is about 30 to 60 degrees, more preferably about 40 to 50 degrees (around 45 degrees).

  By increasing the slope of the slope portion, the force applied to the projection of the lid can be reduced. However, in the combination in which the corner hits the slope portion, a concentrated load is applied to the corner, and corner breakage is likely to occur. On the other hand, it is also possible to make point contact by touching curved surfaces with a large difference in curvature or between curved surfaces and flat surfaces. If the angle of the slope part can be increased, a shape that makes point contact between surfaces is adopted. it can. For example, it is possible to combine a lid provided with a protrusion curved downward so as to protrude downward with respect to a main body provided with a linear slope portion. A lid provided with a protrusion curved downward so as to be convex or a protrusion protruding downward in a trapezoidal shape can be combined with a main body provided with a slope portion curved so as to protrude upward. Furthermore, when the slope of the main body is curved so as to be concave upward, a point (line in the longitudinal direction) can be obtained by providing a protrusion with a different curvature curved so as to be convex downward on the lid side. Can be contacted.

  Compared to the case where a corner is applied to such a surface, such a combination of surfaces increases the strength of the contacted portion, so that chipping due to a load is less likely to occur, and even when heavy objects such as vehicles actually pass through the noise. It is possible to provide a structure with an opening that does not cause rattling, for example, a side groove. Further, when considering a situation where the protrusion slides on the slope and settles down to a stable position due to the load, if it is a corner and the load is shifted in a loaded state, a corner chip occurs almost immediately. On the other hand, when the surfaces are in contact with each other, the movement is relatively smooth, and chipping is rarely generated. Furthermore, even if the contact between the surfaces is a macroscopic point, it is a contact between the surfaces microscopically, and when the load is applied and the curved surface is deformed to make contact, the contact area increases due to the load. Since the load is dispersed and relaxed, there is an effect that the load is less likely to be lost.

  When the slant portion of the main body and the protrusion of the lid come into contact with each other in the center in the direction in which the protrusions extend in a row under some conditions, and both ends float, rattling occurs. On the contrary, if both ends are in contact, even if the center is lifted, rattling does not occur. When forming a side groove block using a mold, the edge of the opening extends slightly and the center in the longitudinal direction is opposite to both ends in the longitudinal direction when the mold is deformed or stored after being removed. It tends to protrude (although it is minute). In addition, when the row-shaped protrusions are formed on the back surface of the lid, a deformation in which the tip ends of the protrusions slightly extend in the longitudinal direction is likely to occur, and a deformation in a direction in which the center in the longitudinal direction protrudes from both ends is likely to occur. Therefore, it is desirable to form the protrusions so that the ends on both ends of the lids extending in a row are protruded downward and / or outward from the vicinity of the center. That is, it is desirable that the protrusion bend in an arc shape so that the vicinity of the center is recessed with respect to the both ends of the lid extending in a row. The difference between both ends and the central portion is about several mm, for example, about 2-3 mm is sufficient. In addition, in this arcuate shape, if the size of the cross section of the protrusion changes stepwise or intermittently, the changed portion becomes a contact point, which causes shakiness. Therefore, it is desirable that the cross-sectional size changes continuously.

  In addition, the protrusion may be divided near the center of the lid extending in a row, and in this case, a notch that guides rainwater to the inside of the main body at the position where the protrusion is divided on the lid and the main body side support portion. Can be provided. In this structure with an opening, since the row-shaped protrusions provided on the lid and the slope portion on the main body side are in close contact, there is little drainage from the gap between the lid and the main body. With the above configuration, it is possible to prepare notches for drainage along the projections extending in a row, that is, along the longitudinal direction of the road, so drainage efficiency is good, and furthermore, side grooves without noise and rattling are constructed. it can.

  Furthermore, in this structure with an opening, since the row-like projections are provided on the bottom side of the lid, the thickness of the lid does not increase at the center. Therefore, when the main body is placed on the opening of a side groove (free gradient side groove or M-type or gate-type side groove) having an opening portion having an opening and a culvert portion having no opening, the bottom surface of the lid is It is not lower than the top wall or top surface of the culvert and the bottom surface of the lid does not jump out into the flow path. For this reason, it is possible to prevent dust and the like from being caught on the bottom surface of the lid. In the side groove block in which the culvert part has a reinforcing part (haunch) projecting obliquely inside the boundary between the side wall and the upper wall, the reinforcement part of the culvert part and the lid placed on the opening of the opening part Since the inner portions of the protrusions are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the flow path, substantial protrusion of the protrusions is eliminated, and dust and grass are less likely to be caught. Moreover, even if the projection is a lid with a part of the protrusion projecting inside the main body, the reinforcing part projecting inward on the upper part of the main body is in a continuous state in the flow direction, so that dust and the like are not caught. On the contrary, by projecting at least a part of the protrusion to the inside of the main body, in the flow path inside the main body, the reinforcing part at the boundary between the side wall and the upper wall is caused by a part of the protrusion of the lid in the opening without the upper wall. Since it becomes a continuous state and there is no step in the flow direction, it is possible to prevent the problem that dust is caught.

  Further, it is desirable that both ends of the lids of the protrusions extending in a row are chamfered in a substantially spherical shape. This is because it is possible to prevent the corners of the projections from being chipped and to eliminate the possibility that the main body side support portion hits the corners of the projections and is damaged. The protrusion having a curved cross section can be formed by digging a groove with an end mill in the iron plate of the lid mold. Therefore, the groove | channel by which both ends are shape | molded substantially spherically can be manufactured by raising the tooth | gear of an end mill in the edge part of the groove | channel formed in the formwork.

  On the other hand, when the slope of the side of the lid where the protrusions extend in a row is large, by processing both ends of the protrusion into a substantially spherical or spherical shape, the contact point between the main body side support portion and the protrusion moves to the inside of the lid, When a load such as a tire is placed on either end of the lid, the opposite side tends to float. Therefore, since rattling may occur, it is desirable that such a lid should not be processed into a spherical shape at both ends of the protrusion. However, in order to prevent corner breakage and damage to the main body support portion, it is desirable to reduce both ends of the lid extending in a row of protrusions. In addition, since the projection on the lid is designed to become slightly narrower toward the center, there are many cases that support the load at both ends, but even if a load is concentrated on both ends by reducing both ends of the projection, The contact with the main body support becomes smooth. For this reason, a protrusion and a main-body support part become difficult to be damaged, and a highly durable structure with a lid and an opening can be provided. The protrusions with both ends reduced can be adjusted freely by adjusting the degree to which the teeth of the end mill are lifted when forming the groove for the protrusion on the mold by the end mill. It can be reduced smoothly and continuously without being stepped.

  Further description will be given below with reference to the drawings. In FIG. 1, the end of the opening portion 9 of the side groove 1 is shown in a cross section as a structure with an opening. FIG. 1 shows a state where a lid 20 is placed on the opening 11 of the opening portion 9. FIG. 2 shows a state in which the lid 20 is removed from the opening 11 of the side groove 1. FIG. 3 is a plan view of the gutter 1 and is constructed along the road 2 between the road (roadway) 2 and the sidewalk 3 as shown in FIG. 5 and collected at a predetermined place.

  FIG. 4 is a plan view of the side groove block (main body) 10 constituting the side groove 1. The side groove block 10 is called a free-gradient side groove or an M-type side groove (a gate-type side groove), and the lower side 19 is almost entirely open. As shown by a one-dot chain line in FIG. After installing on the foundation concrete 6, the invert concrete 7 is cast and a bottom face is formed. Thereby, the inside 15 of the gutter main body 10 can be used as the drainage flow path 5. The side groove main body 10 is a concrete block prefabricated in a factory, and has an opening portion 9 in which an opening 11 is formed, and a culvert portion 8 having no opening. In the culvert portion 8, as shown in FIG. In addition, a reinforcing portion (haunch or overhanging portion) 14 that protrudes obliquely inside the boundary between the side walls 12a and 12b and the upper wall 13 is provided. A rectangular opening 11 that is long in the longitudinal direction X is formed in the center opening portion 9 in the longitudinal direction X of the side groove main body 10, and a concrete lid 20 having two substantially planar shapes in the opening 11. The opening 11 can be closed.

  In the opening 11, a pair of main body side support portions (lid cover portions) 30 are formed along the edge 11 a in the longitudinal direction X so as to support the bottom side 29 of the lid 20. The main body side support portion 30 includes an outer horizontal portion 31, a slope portion 32 linearly inclined toward the inside 15 of the main body 10 on the inner side, and a third surface 33 that is horizontal on the inner side. ing. Further, the lid 20 protrudes on the bottom side 29 so as to be in contact with the horizontal edge portion 21 facing the horizontal portion 31 of the main body side support portion 30 and the slope portion 32 of the main body side support portion 30 from this edge portion 21. A row of projections 22 and a substantially horizontal central portion 23 that secures substantially the same lid thickness as the edge portion 21 between the projections 22 are provided. Therefore, when the lid 20 is installed in the opening 11, the two rows of protrusions 22 on the back surface 29 of the lid 20 are almost in point contact with the inclined surface portion 32 of the main body side support portion 30, and the opening 11 is the lid 20. Covered. For this reason, even if a vehicle passes over the lid 20 or other load is applied, the lid 20 does not rattle and no noise is generated.

  It is relatively easy to manufacture such a side groove block 10. As shown in FIG. 5A, the portal-shaped free-gradient side groove block 10 includes an outer mold frame 83 that defines the outer shape of the block, an inner mold frame 82 that defines the inner side, and a bottom that defines the shape of the opening. It is manufactured in combination with the mold 81. Conventionally, a flat lid-hanging portion has been formed in the opening, but the inclined surface portion 32 constituting the main body side support portion 30 is formed inside the bottom mold frame 81 that is flat so as to form it. It can be formed by attaching such a trapezoidal auxiliary formwork 80. The auxiliary mold 80 may be a joint material, and can be easily attached to a predetermined position of the bottom mold 81 by welding or the like. Therefore, it can be used as a mold for the side groove block 10 by simply remodeling the mold for forming the conventional side groove block.

  For example, in FIG. 5B or 5C, in order to form the bottom surface 82a of the inner mold 82, that is, the inner side of the opening 11 inside the joint material 80 attached to the inner side of the bottom mold 81. The part of is to be inserted. By adopting such an arrangement, the joint material 80 and the inner mold frame 82 are pressed against each other, and the effect of preventing toro leakage can also be obtained.

  In products such as a free-gradient side groove 10 constituting the structure 1 with an opening shown in FIG. 1 such as a partially culverted or partially opened product, the inner mold 82 is moved up and down on the bottom mold 81 to which the joint material 80 is attached. The mold is removed and assembled. Therefore, if the tip of the joint material 80 has an acute angle, the joint material 80 or the inner mold frame 82 is damaged when the inner mold frame 82 is lowered. Therefore, it is necessary to make the angle of the edge (tip) of the joint material 80 gentle. In order to make it gentle, it is desirable to change the slope of the inclined portion 80a. Therefore, it is preferable that the joint material 80 has a substantially trapezoidal shape as in this example. If the slope 80a of the joint material 80 is changed from a steep slope to a gentle slope 80b (including horizontal), when the inner mold frame 82 is demolded and assembled to produce a free-gradient side groove, the inner mold frame Even when the mold 82 is removed from the bottom mold 81, the tip of the joint material 80 and the inner mold 82 are not damaged. Therefore, the main body side support portion 30 of the side groove 10 formed by using such a joint material 80 has a third surface 33 with a gentle slope inside the slope 32 formed by the slope 80 a of the joint material 80. Is formed.

  Furthermore, it is preferable that the inner surface 80c of the joint material 80 has a gradient in the direction of facing upward and spreading outward. Since the side groove 10 is formed upside down by these molds 81 and 82, it is desirable that the inner surface 80 c of the joint material 80 is inclined downward and spreads outward when viewed from the side groove 10. Due to the inner surface 80c of the joint material 80, the inner mold 82 can be guided when the inner mold 82 is lowered. If there is no gradient that expands outward on the inside of the joint material 80, it is difficult to insert the inner mold frame 82 between the joint materials 80 on both sides. Since the joint material 80 is small, even if the sharp edge of the joint material 80 is eliminated and smoothed, the joint material 80 may be deformed when colliding with the joint material 80 when the formwork is lowered. Such a fear is eliminated by guiding the surface 80c. When the joint material 80 is deformed, the shape of the main body side support portion 80 formed thereby changes from the design, so that the silencing effect is lost. In the free-gradient side groove 10, there is one in which the inner mold frame 82 is contracted downward. With such an inner mold frame, a free-gradient side groove 10 whose inner shape spreads downward can be manufactured. In this case, the gradient of the inner surface 80 c of the joint material 80 may be matched with the reduced gradient of the inner mold 82.

  When the inner mold frame is not reduced, it is desirable to newly manufacture the inner mold frame 82 having the above-mentioned shape or to modify the lower side of the inner mold frame. This is effective in avoiding interference with the joint material 80 and preventing concrete from entering between the joint material 80. Then, by using the joint material 80 having a gradient in which the inner surface 80c spreads outward, deformation caused by a collision between the inner mold frame of the side groove that partially opens the underdrain, such as a free gradient side groove, and the joint material. Since it can prevent, a main body side support part can be accurately manufactured with joint material, and it can remodel into a formwork which manufactures a side groove with a silencing effect. It is desirable to adopt the above-described design for a completely new formwork.

  With reference to FIG. 6, the merit of the method of providing in the bottom of a lid | cover the part which contacts a block for a side groove with a point (a line in a longitudinal direction) is demonstrated. FIG. 6A shows a conventional gate-shaped side groove block 90, and an opening cover 91 is flat. Therefore, the back side 98 of the lid 99 is also a plane, and when the lid 99 is installed on the lid 91, the plane and the plane are in contact with each other. Therefore, if either one of the lid hook 91 or the back surface 98 of the lid is slightly distorted, or sand or dust enters between the lid hook 91 and the back surface 98 of the lid, the position of the load applied to the lid 99 depends on the position. The lid 99 rattles and generates noise. On the other hand, when the lid hook 91 and the lid 99 are in contact with each other in a cross-sectional direction and with a line in the longitudinal direction, the original contact area between the lid and the main body 90 is reduced. When the lid 99 has a shape that can be rotated or slid as shown in FIG. 6 (b), the lid can be placed in a stable position where it does not rattle when a load is applied. Since 99 moves automatically, it is considered that rattling and noise can be prevented more reliably.

  Therefore, providing the sloped portion on the lid hook 91 is one important point in suppressing the rattling of the lid. One method is to replace the conventional flat cover 91 with a sloped cover 93 as shown in the side groove block 92 of FIG. However, this shape has several problems. First, as a problem on the lid side, the lid 99 also needs to be provided with a sloped surface or a curved side surface 97 close to the slope according to the lid holder 93, and the point P in contact with the lid holder 93 is in the middle of the thickness of the lid 99. It is possible to select whether the side surface 97 is a convex curved surface or whether a projection 96 is provided as shown in FIG. 6B. In either case, the side surface 97 receives the load of the lid 99. Become. Therefore, the thickness at the position where the lid 99 receives the load is insufficient, and a predetermined strength cannot be obtained. That is, in the lid 99, even if the thickness of the central portion is 100 mm, it is impossible to calculate the structural calculation shape as 100 mm as the thickness of the lid. In addition, when the lid 99 is subjected to a large load and the lid 99 rotates, the lid 99 does not stop moving reliably. Therefore, the lid 99 may fall into the side groove block 92.

  Next, a problem with the side groove block 92 is that the manufacturing cost is high. In order to manufacture the side groove block 92 having the cross section as shown in FIG. 6B, as shown in FIG. 6C, the conventional bottom mold 81 is processed by a method such as oxygen cutting. The slanted shape 89 as shown in FIG. Since the mold is made of an iron plate, such processing is possible. However, when the mold is melted, the mold is distorted and the accuracy of the cut surface is not increased. Therefore, even if the conventional formwork is modified, the cost becomes high and the economic burden is almost the same as that for manufacturing a new formwork.

  On the other hand, in the side groove 1 having the configuration shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, since the protrusion 22 that contacts the main body side support portion 30 of the side groove block 10 is provided on the back surface 29 of the lid 20, the thickness of the lid 20 is insufficient. Never do. That is, since the projection 22 is on the back surface 29 of the lid 22 and the portion in contact with the side groove block 10 is located below the horizontal portion 21 of the lid 22, the central portion 23 of the lid is structurally calculated. The thickness of the horizontal part 21 can be used.

  Further, since the planar edge portion 21 is provided, even if the lid 20 rotates at a large angle, the edge portion 21 hits the planar portion 31 of the main body side support portion 30 and holds the lid 20 securely. it can. Furthermore, the thickness of the edge portion 21 is equal to the thickness of the central portion 23, and the design strength does not change between the edge portion 21 and the central portion 23. Therefore, even when the lid 20 rotates and the load applied to the lid 20 needs to be supported by the edge portion 21 of the lid and the horizontal portion 31 of the main body side support portion, it is safe. Further, since the thickness of the central portion 23 is the same as the thickness of the edge portion 21, there is no extra thickness exceeding the design strength, and the lid 20 does not have any extra concrete thickness, and is lightweight and economical. It is.

  Further, the side groove block 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is easily manufactured at low cost simply by attaching the auxiliary formwork 80 to the conventional formwork as described with reference to FIG. it can. Accordingly, all the disadvantages described with reference to FIG. 6 are eliminated. For this reason, the side groove | channel 1 without the rattling of the lid | cover 20 and generating no noise can be provided at low cost.

  Furthermore, since the lid 20 of this example is placed on the main body side support portion 30 by the row-like projections 22, there is an advantage that the flow cross section of the side groove block 10 is not lost. That is, in the configuration shown in FIG. 6B, when the side groove block is manufactured by adding an auxiliary member to the mold 81 without cutting the conventional mold 81, the lid 99 and the side groove 92 The part which contacts is lowered and enters the side groove block 92. Accordingly, the lid 99 becomes thick, and the effective cross section of the side groove block 92 becomes small. For example, in the side groove 1 shown in FIG. 1, when the bottom surface 29 is lowered as a whole instead of the row-like protrusions 22, the result is as shown in FIG. 7. Even the lid 95 having such a shape can prevent rattling and noise. However, as the lid becomes thicker, the material cost of the concrete increases. Also, the fare cost increases. And since the bottom 29 of the lid | cover 95 falls rather than the horizontal surface 31 of the main body support part 30, the flow volume cross section of a side groove falls. This problem also applies to the U-shaped side groove (U-shaped groove) 40 as shown in FIG.

  In road construction, the designer determines the size of the gutter block by calculating the expected drainage flow at the site. The size of the side groove has a width and a depth, and its inner diameter is a designation. For example, as a simple example, 300 × 300 of the U-shaped groove 40 shown in FIG. 8 refers to a side groove using a U-shaped side groove block 41 having a width of 300 mm and a depth of 300 mm. Speaking of 400 × 500, the width is 400 mm and the depth is 500 mm. Therefore, when a lid 95 having a bottom surface 29 projecting downward by 20 mm as shown by a one-dot chain line is used as a lid of the 300 × 300 U-shaped groove 40, the effective cross section of the side groove 40 becomes 300 × 280 mm. The difference of 20 mm is not a minute difference. In designing the flow rate of the side groove, if it is determined that the expected flow rate cannot be processed with an effective cross section, it is necessary to adopt a side groove block that is one size up. As a result, the cost of the side gutter block is increased, and the weight is increased, the freight is increased, and the amount of excavation is increased, so that the construction cost at the site is also increased.

  One solution to avoid this problem is to reduce the overhang of the bottom surface 29. However, this method also has some problems as described above. First, the structure of the lid and the lid hook (lid receiving) portion of the side groove block is in mm units, and accuracy of mm or less is required. Even for concrete products, it is possible to ensure accuracy of about mm, but the smaller the tolerance, the higher the cost in various points such as form management, manufacturing process management, inspection, and yield reduction. Become. Furthermore, even if the lid is manufactured with high accuracy, it is also a problem whether it is possible to store or construct a structural part in mm units without chipping or damage at the stage of transportation or on-site construction.

  On the other hand, in the lid 20 of this example, as shown by solid lines in FIGS. 1 and 2 and FIG. 8, the bottom surface 29 is not lowered, but a row of protrusions 22 is provided and recessed inward. It is made to mount on the main body support part 30. Therefore, the thickness of the lid of the central portion 23 of the lid 20 is the same as that of the edge portion 21, and the effective cross section of the side groove is not reduced structurally. For this reason, the size of the protrusion 22 can be set to a unit of cm suitable for the manufacture, storage and construction of concrete products or a value close thereto. For example, in the lid 20 of this example, a protrusion 22 having a radius of curvature of 16 mm protruding downward from the bottom surface 29 by about 10 mm is provided. In the main body side support portion 30, a slope portion 32 inclined about 15 mm from the horizontal plane 31 is provided, and the protrusion 22 is in contact with the slope portion 32 at a point (a line in the longitudinal direction).

  The lid 20 provided with the row-like projections 22 on the back surface has many merits. When the gutter body 10 and the lid 20 are transported separately, the protrusion 22 creates a space enough to insert a hand on the back surface 29 side of the lid 20 or insert a jig, for example, a lift fork. Therefore, the lid 20 can be transported safely and reliably without pinching the hand or dancing the lid on the jig. Further, when transporting with the lid 20 mounted on the opening 11 of the free-gradient side groove 10, even if the tip of the lift fork is inserted from the culvert portion 8 toward the opening portion 9, the top wall 13 of the culvert portion 8 can be inserted. Since there is no portion protruding downward, there is no possibility of damaging the lower side of the lid 20. Therefore, in any case, by employing the lid 20 of this example, the safety of the operator can be ensured, and the burden of transportation work can be reduced.

  Moreover, when a lid with a bottom projecting downward from the upper wall 13 is placed on the free-gradient side groove 1, the protruding portion not only reduces the flow cross-section, but also traps dirt, further impeding drainage. become. That is, in a partially-grayed and partially-opened gutter such as a free-gradient gutter, if the rain gets close to full water, dust flowing in the gutter will be caught by the protruding portion of the lid, and the gutter water may overflow. On the other hand, in the case of the lid 20 of this example, there is no overhang of the bottom surface 29, and there is no step between the bottom surface of the culvert portion 8 and the bottom surface of the opening portion 9 in the same side groove 1, so that there is a problem that dust is caught. Does not occur.

  In order to oppose the reaction force from the main body side support part 30 to the load of the lid 20, the protrusion 22 is desirably designed so that the inside of the protrusion 22 is inclined and the root becomes thick. For example, it is desirable to employ a semicircular cross section or a trapezoidal cross section protrusion as in this example. Further, in the case of the protrusion 22 having a circular cross section, it is preferable that the center of the circle is designed to be located several mm above the horizontal surface (bottom surface) 29 of the lid. However, when the base of the protrusion 22 is thickened, a part of the protrusion 22 protrudes into the inside 15 of the side groove 1. Therefore, even if the size of the protrusion 22 is about cm, it is not preferable to make it larger than necessary. For this reason, it is desirable that the protrusion 22 protrudes from the bottom surface 29 by about 10 to 30 mm.

  Further, the projection 22 having such a size has a shape close to the hunch 14 in the cross section of the underdrain 8, that is, a reinforcing portion obliquely projecting inside the boundary between the side wall 12 a or 12 b and the upper wall 13. Therefore, when the cross section of the flow path flowing from the culvert portion 8 to the opening portion 9 is viewed, the haunch 14 and the protrusion 22 are configured to be continuous in the flow direction X, and the problem of the cross-sectional defect due to the protrusion 22 can be solved. The problem of sticking out garbage by sticking out into the flow path can also be solved.

  It is also possible to arrange the protrusion 22 along the vicinity of the edge of the lid 20. By arranging along the vicinity of the edge 21, it is possible to design so that the protrusion 22 fits within the area of the main body side support portion 30 and does not protrude at all or almost into the inside 15 of the side groove 1. This design is excellent in terms of ensuring a flow cross section. However, as described above, if the design overlaps with the haunch 14, a design in which the protrusion 22 does not protrude into the side groove interior 15 is not so effective in securing a flow rate cross section. On the other hand, even if the protrusion 22 protrudes to the inner side 15 of the main body, since the cross section of the protrusion itself is small, there is almost no influence on the effective cross section of the flow path. Further, by arranging the protrusion 22 so as to be shifted inward from the edge of the lid 20, the horizontal portion 21 can be secured in a sufficient area on the edge of the lid, and when an excessive load is applied, the horizontal portion 21 is secured. Can reliably contact the horizontal portion 31 of the main body side support portion 30 and the lid 20 can be reliably supported. Therefore, a safer lid and opening structure can be provided.

  FIG. 9 shows the appearance of the lid 20 of this example. FIG. 9A shows the bottom surface 29, and FIG. 9B shows the surface (end surface) 25 in the longitudinal direction. FIG. 9C shows a surface (side surface) 26 in the width direction. The bottom surface 29 of the lid 20 is formed with two rows of protrusions 22 along the longitudinal direction X of the side groove 1, the outer side thereof is a horizontal edge 21, and the inner side is also a horizontal with the same lid thickness as the edge 21. The central portion 23 is formed. When the slope portion 32 of the main body side support portion and the projection 22 of the lid come into contact with each other at the center 22a of the projections 22 extending in a row and both ends 22b of the projection 22 are lifted, rattling occurs. On the contrary, if both ends 22b are in contact with each other, even if the center is lifted, rattling does not occur. Concrete also tends to deform in the direction that the surface expands. For this reason, when the side groove block 10 is molded using a mold, the longitudinal center of the main body side support portion 30 is caused by various factors such as deformation of the mold and the state of storage after being removed from the mold. Even if it is minute with respect to both ends in the longitudinal direction, it tends to protrude. Similarly, the row-shaped protrusions 22 of the lid 20 are likely to be deformed in the direction in which the center 22a in the longitudinal direction protrudes from both ends 22b. Therefore, the protrusions 22 have a shape in which the side 22b at both ends of the lid extending in a row protrudes greatly downward and / or outward from the central vicinity 22a.

  In this example, the protrusion 22 is designed so that the end 22b protrudes about 11 mm and the center 22a protrudes about 9.5 mm. Since the center position of the circular shape of the cross section does not change, the cross section of the protrusion 22 has a larger radius at the cross section of the end 22b than the cross section of the center 22a, and 2 mm in the lateral direction as well as below. Although it is weak, it protrudes, and the protrusion 22 is designed to have a bow shape so that the center 22a is small and the end 22b is large. Therefore, even if a minute deformation occurs on the side of the lid 20 and / or the side groove block 10, the protrusion 22 does not hit the main body side support portion 30 only at the central portion 22a, and the backlash is reliably suppressed. Generation of noise can be prevented. The illustrated dimensions are merely examples, and may vary depending on factors such as the size and material of the lid and side groove block.

  FIG. 10 to FIG. 12 show several cases in which the angle of the inclined surface portion 32 of the main body side support portion 30 is changed. When the angle of the slope portion 32 is small, the effect of the slope portion 32 is close to a horizontal plane, and the protrusion 22 can be supported everywhere. However, even if a load is applied to the lid 20, the state is not stabilized without rattling, and the presence or absence of rattling is determined only by the manufacturing accuracy of the slope portion 32 and the manufacturing accuracy of the protrusion 22. That is, the slope portion 32 and the protrusion 22 may contact at a point, but when the load acting on the lid 22 moves, the contact point moves and rattling is likely to occur. In order to prevent the movement of the contact P due to the load, the design must be such that only the tip of the projection 22 contacts the inclined surface portion 32 even if the load is moved with the projection 22 having an acute angle. The shape of the projection 22 is low in strength and, conversely, cracks or chips due to a load, which causes a backlash. If the angle of the slope portion 32 is large, when a load is applied to the lid, the contact P moves along the slope portion 32, settles at a position where no rattling occurs, and the lid 20 is fixed at that position. Therefore, even when a load is next applied, the lid 20 does not move, no rattling occurs, and no noise is generated. Therefore, it is desirable that the angle of the slope portion 32 is large in terms of preventing rattling.

  However, when the angle of the slope portion 32 is increased, the length (area) projected onto the horizontal plane is reduced, so that the range in which the protrusion 20 can move is narrowed, and the possibility of being settled under optimum conditions is reduced. Of course, the slope portion 32 may be formed so that the length projected on the horizontal plane is constant, but even in that case, if the size of the protrusion 22 is not increased, the slope portion 32 may be formed over a wide area. A lid 20 that can be contacted cannot be manufactured. Therefore, as described above, the protrusion 22 protrudes into the inside 15 of the side groove 1 and becomes a factor of reducing the effective cross section.

  In the example shown in FIG. 10, the slope portion 32 is inclined by 45 degrees (π / 4) with respect to the horizontal plane 31. In the side groove 1 employing the inclined surface portion 32, the reaction force Fi of the load F applied to the contact point P between the main body 10 and the lid 20 is evenly decomposed into the sliding direction Fs and the housing direction Fb. Therefore, the load F is almost equally borne by the frictional force between the slope portion 32 and the protrusion 22 and the strength of the housing, that is, the protrusion 22. Further, the sliding direction Fs causes the protrusion 22 to slide with respect to the slope portion 32 and settles to the contact point P where the protrusion 22 is stably supported by the slope portion 32. Therefore, the contact position P does not move and no rattling occurs. Furthermore, a range in which the contact P can move when the lid 20 rotates can be sufficiently secured, for example, about 4 to 5 mm, and the lid 20 can be automatically settled in a stable position.

  In the example shown in FIG. 11, the slope portion 32 is inclined by 30 degrees with respect to the horizontal plane 31. In the side groove 1 adopting the slope portion 32, the force in the frame direction Fb is larger than the force in the sliding direction Fs (sliding force). Therefore, the load to be supported by the strength of the protrusions 22 increases, and there is a risk of destruction unless the cross-sectional strength of the protrusions 22 is sufficiently secured. Further, since the force in the sliding direction Fs is small, the projection 22 is less likely to move with respect to the slope portion 32 as compared with the case shown in FIG. 10, and the slope portion 32 becomes horizontal compared to the case shown in FIG. Depending on the position of the load F, rattling is likely to occur. On the other hand, since the angle of the slope portion 32 is small, the range in which the protrusion 22 can move is widened.

  In the example shown in FIG. 12, the slope portion 32 is inclined by 60 degrees with respect to the horizontal plane 31. In the side groove 1 that employs the inclined surface portion 32, the force in the sliding direction Fs is larger than the force in the housing direction Fb. Therefore, the load supported by the strength of the protrusion 22 is reduced, and the structure of the protrusion 22 is designed to be easy. Further, since the force in the sliding direction Fs is large, the protrusion 22 is more likely to move with respect to the inclined surface portion 32 as compared to the case shown in FIG. Become. However, since the angle of the slope portion 32 is actually large, if the angle is larger than the angle shown in FIG. 12, the range in which the protrusion 22 can move becomes too narrow and it is difficult to actually obtain a stable contact P. . Further, since the projection 22 comes into contact with the vicinity of the boundary between the slope portion 32 and the horizontal portion 31, the strength of the main body side support portion 30 tends to be a problem, and the angle of the slope portion 32 is further increased due to chipping or abrasion. Then, on the contrary, it becomes a state where rattling is likely to occur.

  Therefore, as shown in these drawings, considering the strength of the protrusion 22 and the mechanism of rattling, the inclination of the slope portion 32 is preferably in the range of about 30 to 60 degrees, ie around 45 degrees, that is, More preferably, it is in the range of 40 to 50 degrees.

  As described above, the force applied to the protrusions 22 can be reduced by increasing the slope of the slope portion 32. However, in the combination in which a corner hits the slope portion 32, a concentrated load is applied to the corner, and a corner chip tends to occur. On the other hand, it is also possible to make point contact by touching curved surfaces with a large difference in curvature, or between a curved surface and a flat surface, and if the angle of the slope portion 32 can be increased, the degree of freedom in the angle of the slope portion 32 increases. In addition, since the degree of freedom of the shape of the protrusion 22 is increased, a shape that makes point contact between the surfaces can be employed. In this example, with respect to the main body 10 provided with the linear slope portion 32, the protrusion 20 and the main body side support portion 30 are pointed by combining the lid 20 provided with the protrusion 22 curved so as to protrude downward, The longitudinal direction is in contact with a line. In addition to this, as shown in FIG. 13 (a), even if the projections 22 curved so as to be convex downward are assembled to the slope portion 32 curved so as to be convex upward, contact is made at a point. Can do. Moreover, as shown in FIG.13 (b), even if it combines the protrusion 22 which protruded below in the trapezoid shape to the slope part 32 curved so that it may become convex upwards, it can be made to contact by a point. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 13 (c), it is also possible to combine the protrusions 22 having different curvatures curved so as to be convex downward with respect to the slope portion 32 curved so as to be concave upward ( It can be contacted by a line in the longitudinal direction.

  Such a combination of surfaces increases the strength of the contact portion, so that chipping due to load is less likely to occur, and the side groove 1 that does not generate noise or rattling even under conditions where heavy objects such as vehicles actually pass through. Can be provided. Since the surfaces are in contact with each other, when the load is applied to the lid 20, the protrusion 22 can be smoothly moved with respect to the inclined surface portion 32 without causing corner chipping, and stable contact is achieved. At the position P, the protrusion 22 of the lid 20 and the slope portion 32 of the main body 10 can be brought into contact with each other.

  FIG. 14 shows different examples of the lid. In the lid 20a, the row-shaped protrusions 22 provided on the bottom surface 29 are divided at substantially the center thereof. Further, a notch 28 is formed in the edge 21 at the position where the protrusion 22 is divided. This notch 28 also functions as a handle and also functions as a water intake for rainwater and the like. As shown in FIG. 15, a notch 38 for guiding rainwater to the inside of the main body is also formed at the position where the projection 22 is divided on the main body side support portion 30 side of the opening 11 to which the lid 20a is attached. When the lid 20a is attached to the opening 11, the drainage of the road 2 can be smoothly guided to the inside 15 of the main body 10 as shown in FIG.

  In the protrusion 22, the section of the divided center end portion 22 c is smaller than the section of the end portion 22 b in the extending direction, and the protrusion 22 has an arcuate shape as a whole. Further, the center end portion 22 c is processed into a circular shape so that the corner of the end portion 22 c does not hit the main body side support portion 30. Moreover, it is a shape convenient also for preventing the corner | angular chipping of the edge part 22c. It is desirable that the protrusion 22 is generally along the arcuate shape and is smoothly deformed into an arcuate shape as a whole. It is also possible to change the longitudinal sectional shape of the protrusion 22 stepwise or intermittently to form an arcuate shape as a whole, but in such a shape, the boundary portion where the sectional shape is changed stepwise is the main body. It becomes easy to hit the slope part 32 of the side support part 30, and the contact of the longitudinal direction X tends to become discontinuous. Therefore, rattling is likely to occur. Such a phenomenon can be prevented by continuously changing the cross-sectional shape similarly.

  FIG. 17 shows still another example of the lid. In the lid 20b of FIG. 17A, two rows of protrusions 22 are formed on the back surface 29, and the end 22b in the extending direction is processed into a circular or hemispherical shape. Therefore, the end of the protrusion 22 is not easily chipped, and the shape of the protrusion is stable. In the lid 20b of this example, as shown in FIG. 17B, the end face 25 of the lid 20b is almost vertical. Therefore, when considering a case where a load is applied above the end surface 25 of the lid 20b, the point P where the end 22b of the projection 22 is circular or spherical and the projection 22 actually contacts the inclined surface portion 32 is the center side of the lid 20. Even if it is shifted slightly, there is no possibility of rattling due to the movement of the load. That is, even if the end portion 22b of the protrusion 22 is rounded to reduce the effective length of the protrusion 22 to some extent, the rattling is not affected. On the other hand, when the end face 25 is inclined to some extent as in the lid 20 shown in FIG. 9, it is desirable to make the best use of the effective length of the protrusion 22, and the end 22 b of the protrusion extends to the end face 25. The lid 20b as shown in FIG. 17 is often used in a U-shaped side groove 40 that covers the openings by arranging the lids adjacent to each other. Further, the lid 20 as shown in FIG. 9 is often used in the free gradient side groove 1 in which the range of the opening 11 is limited.

  Further, the protrusion 22 provided on the lid 20b of the present example protrudes in two steps from the bottom surface 29 as shown in an enlarged manner in FIG. Therefore, the strength of the protrusion 22 is improved, and the lower protrusion 27 makes point contact with the boundary 34 between the horizontal portion 31 and the inclined surface portion 32 of the main body side support portion 30 when the lid 20b is rotated by applying a load. Then, the posture of the lid 20b can be fixed. For this reason, when the lid 20b is rotated by the load, the main body side support portion 30 contacts the projections 22 and 27 at two points, and the other main body side support portion 30 contacts the projection 22 at one point, for a total of three points. Stable by touching.

  By chamfering the both ends 22b of the protrusion in a substantially spherical shape, the corners of the protrusion 22 can be prevented from being chipped, and the possibility that the corners of the protrusion 22 hit the main body side support portion 30 to be damaged can be eliminated. The corners of the protrusions 22 and the damage to the main body side support portion 30 may cause backlash and noise, and it is desirable to prevent such a situation as much as possible. Such a protrusion 22 can be formed by digging a groove with an end mill in an iron plate of a lid mold. And the groove | channel by which both ends are shape | molded substantially spherical can be manufactured by raising the tooth | gear of an end mill in the edge part of the groove | channel formed in the mold.

  FIG. 19 shows still another example of the lid. The lid 20c of this example is processed to such an extent that the end portion 22b in the extending direction of the protrusion 22 is not spherical but is slightly reduced. Accordingly, since the point P in contact with the main body side support portion moves in the direction of the side surface 25, even when the inclination of the side surface 25 is large, back and forth rattling can be prevented as in the case of the lid 20b shown in FIG.

  When the side surface 25 has a large inclination as in the lid 20c shown in FIG. 19, if both ends 22b of the protrusion 22 are processed into a substantially spherical shape or a spherical shape, the contact point between the main body side support portion 30 and the protrusion 22 is located inside the lid 20 In the longitudinal direction X of the side groove. For this reason, when a load such as a tire is placed on either end of the lid, the opposite side is likely to float. Therefore, since rattling may occur, it is desirable that both ends 22b of the protrusion 22 are not processed into a spherical shape. However, in order to prevent corner breakage and damage to the main body support portion, both ends 22b extending in a row of protrusions 22 are reduced, and the contact P is arranged as far outside as possible to prevent corner breakage. In particular, since the projection 22 of the lid is slightly narrowed toward the central portion 22a, there are many cases in which the load is supported at both ends 22b. Even when a load is concentrated on both ends by reducing the both ends 22b of the protrusion, the contact with the main body support portion 30 becomes smooth, so that the protrusion 22 and the main body support portion 30 are hardly damaged and are durable. The high lid 22 and the structure 1 with an opening can be provided. The protrusions 22 with the ends 22b reduced can freely adjust the degree of reduction by adjusting the degree to which the teeth of the end mill are lifted when forming the groove for the protrusion on the mold by the end mill. The shape is not stepped and can be reduced smoothly and continuously.

  In the above description, a concrete side groove block is used as a main body, and a structure with an opening in which a lid is installed at the opening of the main body is described as an example. The above-described configuration can be applied to other concrete blocks provided with the openings, and a muffling type block can be provided. Moreover, although the example of a free-gradient side groove | channel and a U-shaped side groove | channel is shown above as a side groove | channel block, even if it is a culvert type side groove | channel, it is applicable if it has an opening. Of course, the shape of each side groove block is not limited to that shown above. For example, in a road crossing portion, a side groove block having a thick side wall is used. Further, depending on the situation of the construction site, a side groove block having a cross section without a left and right overhang may be suitable, and this configuration can be applied to combinations of these various types of side groove blocks and lids.

  As described above, in the structure with an opening that prevents rattling and noise by contacting the lid and the side groove main body with dots or lines, the thickness of the lid can be reduced by providing a row of protrusions on the bottom surface of the lid. Without increasing, the silencer structure is realized on the bottom side of the lid. Therefore, it is possible to construct a side groove that hardly generates noise and rattling without affecting the effective cross section of the side groove and other drainage performance.

It is sectional drawing which shows schematic structure of the block for gutters and the cover to which this invention is applied. It is sectional drawing which shows the state which removed the cover from the block for side grooves of FIG. It is a top view which shows the state which constructed the side groove using the block for side grooves shown in FIG. It is a top view of the block for side grooves shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the outline | summary of the formwork which manufactures the block for side grooves shown in FIG. 1, (a) shows the state with which the formwork was combined, (b) is an auxiliary | assistant type | mold to a main body side support part (lid cover part). The state which attached the frame is shown, (c) shows the state which attached the different auxiliary | assistant formwork. It is a figure which shows the examination stage which silences a free-gradient side groove | channel, (a) is sectional drawing which shows the outline | summary of the conventional free-gradient side groove | channel, (b) is sectional drawing which shows an example of the examination stage of silencing. (C) is a figure which shows the conventional mold for free-gradient side grooves, (d) is a figure which shows the plan which modifies a mold. It is a figure which shows the state which installed the lid | cover with which the bottom face protruded in the block for side grooves shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the state which mounted | wore the U-shaped side groove | channel with the lid | cover of this invention, and the lid | cover with which the bottom face protruded. It is a figure which shows the reference example of a lid | cover , (a) is a bottom face, (b) is an end surface, (c) is a figure which shows a side surface. It is a figure explaining an effect | action when the angle of a slope part is 45 degree | times, (a) shows the combination of a slope part and a processus | protrusion, (b) has decomposed | disassembled and shown the force which acts. It is a figure explaining the effect | action when the angle of a slope part is 30 degree | times, (a) shows the combination of a slope part and a processus | protrusion, (b) has decomposed | disassembled and shown the force which acts. It is a figure explaining the effect | action when the angle of a slope part is 60 degree | times, (a) shows the combination of a slope part and a processus | protrusion, (b) has decomposed | disassembled and shown the force which acts. It is a figure which shows the combination of the shape of a slope part and a processus | protrusion, (a) is the combination of the processus | protrusion curved part and the processus | protrusion curved downward, (b) A combination with a protrusion protruding in a trapezoidal shape, (c) shows a combination of a slope portion curved concavely upward and a protrusion curved convexly downward. It is a figure which shows the external shape of the lid | cover to which this invention is applied, (a) is a bottom face, (b) has shown the side surface. It is a top view of the block for side grooves in which the lid | cover shown in FIG. 14 is installed. It is sectional drawing which shows the state which combined the cover shown in FIG. 14 with the block for side grooves shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the external shape of the reference example of a different lid | cover , (a) has shown the bottom face, (b) has shown the side surface. It is a figure which expands and shows the protrusion shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the external shape of the reference example of a different lid | cover , (a) has shown the bottom face, (b) has shown the side surface.

Explanation of symbols

1, 40 Side groove 10, 41 Side groove block 11 Opening 20, 20a, 20b Lid 21 Edge, 22 Protrusion, 23 Central part 30 Main body side support part 31 Horizontal part, 32 Slope part

Claims (6)

A structure with an opening having a concrete lid having a substantially square planar shape, and a concrete body having an opening on which the lid rests,
The main body has a main body side support portion formed along a pair of edges of the opening so as to support the bottom side of the lid, and the main body side support portion includes an outer horizontal portion and an inner side. A sloped portion inclined toward the inside of the main body,
The lid is on the bottom side, and a horizontal edge facing the horizontal portion of the body side support section, and contact with the inclined surface portion from the edge, two rows so that is divided near the center of the lid And a substantially horizontal central portion having the same lid thickness as that of the edge between the projections,
The lid and the main body-side support part have a structure with an opening, which includes a notch that guides rainwater to the inside of the main body through the divided portions of the row-shaped protrusions.   2. The structure with an opening according to claim 1, wherein a cross-section of an end portion of the row-like projections divided near the center of the lid is smaller than a cross-section of an end portion of both ends of the row-like projections. .   The structure with an opening according to claim 1, wherein an end portion of the row-shaped projections divided near the center of the lid is rounded. A lid made of concrete having a substantially square shape placed on the opening of the main body, and the main body side support portion has a main body side support portion so as to support the bottom side of the lid along the pair of edges. The main body side support portion is formed with an outer horizontal portion and an inclined portion that is linear or curved toward the inside of the main body on the inner side,
The lid has, on the bottom side, a horizontal edge facing the horizontal part of the main body side support part, and
And contact from the edges and the slope portion, and a column-shaped projections projecting in two rows so as to be divided in the vicinity of the center of the lid,
Between these projections, with a substantially horizontal central portion of the same lid thickness as the edge, and
Concrete lid having a notch for guiding rainwater through the shed portion of the column-like projections inside the body.   5. The concrete lid according to claim 4, wherein a cross-section of an end portion of the row-shaped projections divided near the center of the lid is smaller than a cross-section of the end portions of both ends of the row-like projection. .   The concrete lid according to claim 4, wherein an end portion of the row-shaped projections divided near the center of the lid is rounded.

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