JP4297723B2 - Raw material gypsum drying method - Google Patents

Raw material gypsum drying method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4297723B2
JP4297723B2 JP2003125782A JP2003125782A JP4297723B2 JP 4297723 B2 JP4297723 B2 JP 4297723B2 JP 2003125782 A JP2003125782 A JP 2003125782A JP 2003125782 A JP2003125782 A JP 2003125782A JP 4297723 B2 JP4297723 B2 JP 4297723B2
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Prior art keywords
gypsum
drying
mold
raw material
raw
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JP2004330215A (en
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毅 柿本
時彦 太田垣
謙 武良
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Sumitomo Rubber Industries Ltd
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Sumitomo Rubber Industries Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、金型用鋳型の形状に成型された乾燥前の原料石膏の成型体の乾燥方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、ヒータ、加熱された空気を送り込む送風ファン、排気ファン等を有する乾燥炉の内に、乾燥前の原料石膏の成型体を収容し乾燥させつつ、その原料石膏の成型体に、さらにマイクロ波を照射してその原料石膏を乾燥させる技術が開示されている(例えば、特許文献1参照。)。
また、原料石膏、並びにその他の耐火物等を含む混合物に水を加えたスラリーを型内に流し込み成型体を作成し、その成型体を120℃以下の温度で一次乾燥し、その後マイクロ波で二次乾燥させているものもある(例えば、特許文献2参照。)。
【0003】
なお、マイクロ波を併用しない乾燥方法も報告されている。
【0004】
【特許文献1】
特公昭62−11938号公報(第1頁、第1図)
【特許文献2】
特公平3−71932号公報(第3頁、第1図)
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、従来の原料石膏の乾燥では、金型用鋳型の形状に成型された乾燥前の原料石膏の成型体を繰り返し多数作成し、それらの乾燥度合いである例えば水分の抜け具合を重量管理・チェックしながら、最適な乾燥の金型用石膏鋳型の作成をめざしていた。それは、長時間の乾燥を要するものであった。
それにもかかわらず、原料石膏の過乾燥、あるいは逆に乾燥不足といった状態が発生し、原料石膏の成型体の乾燥中の変形(微小割れ等含む)や石膏鋳型の使用中の変形も発生していた。
【0006】
そのため、例えばアルミニュウム等の金属をその石膏鋳型に鋳造した場合に、作成した金型に、ピンホール、クラック等の不良が生じていた。
そこで、本発明は、上記問題点に鑑み、原料石膏の乾燥時間も短く、かつ上記変形もない、適切な原料石膏の乾燥を行う技術を提供するようにしたものである。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
この技術的課題を解決するための本発明の技術的手段は、金型用鋳型の形状に成型された乾燥前の原料石膏の成型体を乾燥させて金型用石膏鋳型を作成するに際して、原料石膏の成型体外部から該原料石膏へマイクロ波を照射し、照射がもたらす原料石膏の半水石膏から無水石膏への化学変化による温度変化と、照射の開始時からの経過時間とを測定して検知した該原料石膏が無水石膏に到着するまでに要した前記経過時間であるマイクロ波照射時間T1、または、該原料石膏と同種の原料石膏の乾燥に要した従来の前記経過時間の単位重量あたりの時間に該原料石膏の重量を掛け合わせた該原料石膏の乾燥に要するマイクロ波照射時間T2の、何れか少なくとも一方のマイクロ波照射時間T1,T2が経過したときに、前記マイクロ波の照射を遮断することを特徴とする。
【0008】
乾燥前の石膏を乾燥させるに際して、乾燥していない内部の温度を次第に上昇させて、無水石膏となる180℃〜190℃に上昇させれば好ましいことが知られている(例えば、工業大辞典第10巻P236,平凡社刊1961年)
気ヒータ等の加熱が物質の表面を外部から加熱し、熱伝導により徐々に内部へ加熱する表面加熱であるに対して、マイクロ波加熱は、マイクロ波が物質内部に浸透し、吸収され、熱に変換される内部過熱である。マイクロ波加熱は、双極子となった石膏分子等が高速でその+、−を反転することにより内部摩擦が生じて、これによって熱が発生するとされている。
【0009】
従って、内部加熱であるとともに、石膏のように熱伝導の悪い物質の加熱に有効であり、しかも、被加熱物の各部が同時に発熱するので、複雑な形状のものでも均一に加熱することが可能である(例えば、ミクロ電子株式会社ホームページ、P2「マイクロ波加熱の特徴」http://www1.neweb.ne.jp/wa/micro/page3.html)。
れた一方の時間T1,T2の経過時が、早い方の一方の時間T1,T2の経過時での照射の遮断忘れ等の過誤に対して、過剰照射による石膏の金型鋳型破損を防止する安全タイマーとなる。
【0010】
また、本発明の技術的手段は、金型用石膏鋳型が、ゴムタイヤの型付け金型用鋳型であることを特徴とするものである。その金型によってゴムタイヤの複雑なトレッドパターンやサイドウオールの刻印などが型付けされるものである。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態を実機に基づいて、従来例とともの説明する。
[マイクロ波照射諸元]
電源:3相、200V、14KVA
出力:3KW、周波数2450MHZ
温度測定:センサーを原料石膏成型体内部に埋め込み。
(光ファイバー式温度計)
上記諸元にて、横軸にマイクロ波照射の開始時からの経過時間(分)、縦軸にその経過時間にともなう原料石膏の温度(℃)の変化を記録した。(図1〜2)
実施例1を図1を用いて説明する。すなわち、図1は、スペアー用タイヤの金型用鋳型の原料石膏を乾燥させる温度(℃)を縦軸に、時間(分)を横軸に示した曲線(以下、乾燥曲線)である。その曲線の矢印Aが結晶水蒸発、同Bが半水石膏(CaSO4・1/2H2O)、同Cが無水石膏(CaSO4)に、各々化学変化(熱分解)した状態に合致している。乾燥曲線のこの状況を確認し、原料石膏内部の温度が該石膏の無水石膏に到着するまでに要するマイクロ波照射時間T1が判明する。
【0012】
実施例2を図2を用いて説明する。すなわち、図2は、トラック、バス用タイヤの金型用鋳型の原料石膏を乾燥させる温度(℃)を縦軸に、時間(分)を横軸に示した乾燥曲線である。図中のA、B、Cは、前記図1と同じ意味であって、この状況を確認して、同じくマイクロ波照射時間T1が判明する。
なお、図2のタイヤは、図1のものに比較して大きいもので、そのために乾燥させるべき原料石膏の量も多い。従って、図2でのA、B、Cへの到着時間は、図1での各到着時間より長いものとなっている。
【0013】
マイクロ波を使わない従来例を図3を参考に説明する。タイヤの金型用鋳型の原料石膏の成型体を、ボックス型の乾燥炉(室)(高さ120cm、幅140cm、横140cm)に入れて乾燥する。その乾燥炉(室)の三方向には壁ヒータを配設し、そして、その乾燥室の室内温度はアナログプログラムでコントロールしている。すなわち、図3は、前記乾燥炉(室)にて乾燥する際の、横軸に時間(時)、縦軸に温度(℃)を示している。時間は、原料石膏の乾燥の開始時からの経過時間であり、縦軸はそれに対応した温度である。
【0014】
常温から140℃への温度上昇には3時間を、140℃での保持には3時間を、140℃から220℃への温度上昇には同じく3時間を、そして220℃での保持には15時間を各々設定して乾燥していた。そして、従来例は、金型用鋳型の形状に成型された乾燥前の原料石膏の成型体の重量の違いを無視して、重いものも軽いものも(大きいものも小さいものも)一律に一定の上記図3の乾燥曲線にて乾燥を行うのが通例であった。
乾燥には合計24時間の長時間を要していたが、前記のごとく、原料石膏の過乾燥、あるいは逆に乾燥不足といった状態が発生し、原料石膏の成型体や石膏鋳型の変形が発生していた。このような不良の発生は、前記[従来の技術]に示したマイクロ波併用の技術においても同様であって、また、マイクロ波併用の乾燥でも同様に長時間を要していた。
【0015】
次に、実施例3〜6を、主に表1を用いて説明する。
【0016】
【表1】

Figure 0004297723
【0017】
すなわち、表1の実施例3〜6は、乾燥前の原料石膏の成型体の重量、乾燥時間であるマイクロ波照射時間T1(分)、並びにそれらの値から算出した前記原料石膏の成型体の単位重量(Kg)あたりの乾燥に要した時間(分)を示している。(単位重量(Kg)あたりの乾燥に要した時間(分)をβ)
乾燥条件は、前記[マイクロ波照射諸元]に記載のとおりである。また、図4、5は、上記実施例3、4に対応した乾燥曲線である。(実施例5、6の該当乾燥曲線の記載は省略している。)
表1(実施例3〜6)の記載から、その乾燥前の原料石膏の成型体の重量を測定しさえすれば、適切な乾燥時間すなわち、マイクロ波照射時間T2が判明することになる。すなわち、マイクロ波の乾燥のエネルギー量は一定であって乾燥前の原料石膏の成型体の重量にマイクロ波照射時間T2が比例することとなる。このことを関係式にあらわすと下記式となる。
「マイクロ波照射時間T2(分)
=原料石膏重量(Kg)×β(分/Kg)±α」
この場合、αは、調整係数であって、夏季と冬季等で適切な値を用いることが出来る。また、一方で、βを数値6に設定し、上記調整係数のαを変動させることも有効である。
【0018】
すなわち、原料石膏内部の温度が該石膏の無水石膏に到着するまでに要するマイクロ波照射時間T1、若しくは原料石膏と同種の原料石膏の乾燥に要した従来の前記経過時間の単位重量あたりの時間に乾燥させようとする原料石膏の重量を掛け合わせた原料石膏の乾燥に要するマイクロ波照射時間T2の、何れか少なくとも一方の時間T1,T2が経過すれば、前記マイクロ波の照射を遮断すれば良いことになる。
以上のように、本願発明により、乾燥すべき原料石膏の重量に相応しい乾燥条件を模索する時間・手間が省略可能となる。アルミニュウム等の金属をその石膏鋳型に鋳造した後に、作成した金型の欠陥を発見(金型の目視不良等)して初めて金型用鋳型の石膏の乾燥不良等が判明する等の手間もなくなる。しかも、乾燥時間が従来の(1/10)程度の時間で乾燥ができる効果が有る。ゴムタイヤのトレッドパターン変更が急を要するような場合、原料石膏の成型体の対応すべき至急の乾燥要望にも対処可能となる効果を有する。
【0019】
なお、本願発明の乾燥方法は、金型用鋳型の形状に成型された乾燥前の原料石膏の成型体の乾燥前に、例えば乾燥炉(室)にて成型体の外部から予備乾燥を行うことを排除するものではない。更に、ゴムタイヤの型付け金型用鋳型の他に、例えば食品の加熱用の金型用鋳型等にもその使用ができるものである。
【0020】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、原料石膏の乾燥時間も短く、かつ原料石膏の過乾燥、あるいは逆に乾燥不足といった状態の発生もなく、原料石膏の成型体の乾燥中の変形(微小割れ等含む)や石膏鋳型の使用中の変形もない。従って、金属等をその石膏鋳型に鋳造・凝固した金型には、ピンホール、クラック等の不良がなくなる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 実施例1の乾燥曲線である。
【図2】 実施例2の乾燥曲線である。
【図3】 従来例の乾燥曲線である。
【図4】 実施例3の乾燥曲線である。
【図5】 実施例4の乾燥曲線である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for drying a molded body of a raw material gypsum before drying molded into the shape of a mold for a mold.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, in a drying furnace having a heater, a blower fan that feeds heated air, an exhaust fan, etc., a raw material gypsum molded body before being dried is accommodated and dried, and the raw material gypsum molded body is further microwaved. Has been disclosed (see Patent Document 1, for example).
Moreover, a slurry obtained by adding water to a mixture containing raw material gypsum and other refractory materials is poured into a mold to form a molded body, and the molded body is primarily dried at a temperature of 120 ° C. or lower, and then subjected to microwave irradiation. Some are dried (see, for example, Patent Document 2).
[0003]
A drying method not using microwaves has also been reported.
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 62-11938 (first page, Fig. 1)
[Patent Document 2]
Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 3-71932 (page 3, Fig. 1)
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in conventional drying of raw gypsum, a large number of raw gypsum moldings that have been molded into the shape of a mold for molds are repeatedly created, and weight management is performed to check the degree of moisture loss, for example, the degree of moisture loss. However, the goal was to create an optimal dry mold plaster mold. It required long drying times.
Nevertheless, over-drying of the raw material gypsum, or conversely, under-drying has occurred, deformation of the raw material gypsum molding (including microcracks) and deformation during use of the gypsum mold. It was.
[0006]
For this reason, when a metal such as aluminum is cast into the gypsum mold, defects such as pinholes and cracks have occurred in the mold.
Therefore, in view of the above problems, the present invention provides a technique for drying an appropriate raw material gypsum with a short drying time of the raw material gypsum and without the above deformation.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Technical means of the present invention to solve this technical problem, when the molded body of material gypsum before drying, which is molded into the shape of the mold for the mold is dried to create a mold for plaster molds, the a molded body outside of the raw gypsum to the raw material gypsum microwave irradiation, the temperature change due to a chemical change to anhydrite from hemihydrate gypsum of the raw gypsum which the irradiation results, the time elapsed from the start of the irradiation The microwave irradiation time T1, which is the elapsed time required for the raw gypsum to be detected by measuring the raw gypsum, or the conventional process required for drying the same raw gypsum as the raw gypsum When at least one of the microwave irradiation times T1 and T2 of the microwave irradiation time T2 required for drying the raw material gypsum obtained by multiplying the time per unit weight of the time by the weight of the raw material plaster, My Characterized by blocking the irradiation of the b-wave.
[0008]
Upon drying the gypsum before drying, dried gradually increasing the internal temperature does not, that is known to be preferable if caused to rise to 180 ° C. to 190 ° C. as the anhydrite (e.g., industrial Dictionary first 10: P236, published by Heibonsha, 1961) .
Electric heater such as a heating heats the surface of the material from the outside, with respect to a surface heating gradually heated to an internal by heat conduction, microwave heating, microwave penetrates into materials, are absorbed, Internal overheating that is converted to heat. In microwave heating, gypsum molecules and the like that have become dipoles are reversed at a high speed to cause internal friction, which generates heat.
[0009]
Therefore, it is effective not only for internal heating but also for heating materials with poor heat conductivity, such as gypsum, and because each part of the object to be heated generates heat at the same time, even complex shapes can be heated uniformly. der Ru (for example, micro-electronic Co., Ltd. home page, P2 "characteristic of microwave heating", http://www1.neweb.ne.jp/wa/micro/page3.htm l).
Prevention during the course of the lag One of the times T1, T2 is for blocking forget malpractice such irradiation at the time course of the earlier one time T1, T2, the die mold damage of gypsum by over exposure It becomes a safety timer.
[0010]
The technical means of the present invention is characterized in that the mold gypsum mold is a mold for molding a rubber tire. The mold is used to mold complex tread patterns on rubber tires and side wall markings.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described together with conventional examples based on actual machines.
[Specifications of microwave irradiation]
Power supply: 3-phase, 200V, 14KVA
Output: 3KW, frequency 2450MHZ
Temperature measurement: A sensor is embedded in the raw gypsum molding.
(Optical fiber thermometer)
In the above specifications, the elapsed time (minutes) from the start of microwave irradiation was recorded on the horizontal axis, and the change in the temperature (° C.) of the raw material gypsum with the elapsed time was recorded on the vertical axis. (Figs. 1-2)
Example 1 will be described with reference to FIG. That is, FIG. 1 is a curve (hereinafter referred to as a drying curve) in which the temperature (° C.) at which the raw material gypsum of the mold for the spare tire is dried is plotted on the vertical axis and the time (minutes) is plotted on the horizontal axis. The arrow A of the curve corresponds to the state of chemical water vaporization, B to hemihydrate gypsum (CaSO 4 · 1 / 2H 2 O), and C to anhydrous gypsum (CaSO 4 ), respectively, chemically changed (thermally decomposed). ing. This situation of the drying curve is confirmed, and the microwave irradiation time T1 required for the temperature inside the raw material gypsum to reach the gypsum anhydrous gypsum is found.
[0012]
A second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. That is, FIG. 2 is a drying curve in which the vertical axis represents the temperature (° C.) for drying the raw material gypsum of the mold for truck and bus tires, and the horizontal axis represents time (minutes). A, B, and C in the figure have the same meaning as in FIG. 1, and this situation is confirmed, and the microwave irradiation time T1 is similarly determined.
Note that the tire of FIG. 2 is larger than that of FIG. 1, and therefore the amount of raw gypsum to be dried is large. Therefore, the arrival times at A, B, and C in FIG. 2 are longer than the arrival times in FIG.
[0013]
A conventional example that does not use microwaves will be described with reference to FIG. The molded product of the raw material gypsum of the mold for the tire mold is put into a box-type drying furnace (chamber) (height 120 cm, width 140 cm, width 140 cm) and dried. Wall heaters are arranged in the three directions of the drying furnace (chamber), and the room temperature of the drying chamber is controlled by an analog program. That is, FIG. 3 shows time (hour) on the horizontal axis and temperature (° C.) on the vertical axis when drying in the drying furnace (chamber). The time is the elapsed time from the start of drying of the raw material gypsum, and the vertical axis is the temperature corresponding thereto.
[0014]
3 hours for a temperature rise from room temperature to 140 ° C., 3 hours for a hold at 140 ° C., 3 hours for a temperature rise from 140 ° C. to 220 ° C., and 15 for a hold at 220 ° C. Each time was set and dried. And the conventional example ignores the difference in the weight of the raw material gypsum molded into the shape of the mold for molding, and it is uniformly constant whether it is heavy or light (large and small) It was customary to perform drying according to the drying curve of FIG.
Drying took a long time of 24 hours in total, but as mentioned above, the material gypsum was overdried or conversely insufficiently dried, resulting in deformation of the material gypsum molding and gypsum mold. It was. The occurrence of such a defect is the same in the microwave combined technique shown in [Prior Art], and it takes a long time to dry the microwave combined.
[0015]
Next, Examples 3 to 6 will be described mainly using Table 1.
[0016]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004297723
[0017]
That is, Examples 3 to 6 in Table 1 show the weight of the raw material gypsum molded body before drying, the microwave irradiation time T1 (minute) which is the drying time, and the raw material gypsum molded body calculated from these values. The time (minutes) required for drying per unit weight (Kg) is shown. (Time (minutes) required for drying per unit weight (Kg) is β)
Drying conditions are as described in [Specifications of microwave irradiation]. 4 and 5 are drying curves corresponding to Examples 3 and 4, respectively. (The description of the corresponding drying curves in Examples 5 and 6 is omitted.)
From the description in Table 1 (Examples 3 to 6), an appropriate drying time, that is, the microwave irradiation time T2 can be determined only by measuring the weight of the molded product of the raw material gypsum before drying. That is, the microwave drying energy amount is constant, and the microwave irradiation time T2 is proportional to the weight of the raw gypsum molded body before drying. When this is expressed in a relational expression, the following expression is obtained.
“Microwave irradiation time T2 (min)
= Raw material gypsum weight (Kg) x β (min / Kg) ± α
In this case, α is an adjustment coefficient, and an appropriate value can be used in summer and winter. On the other hand, it is also effective to set β to a numerical value 6 and vary α of the adjustment coefficient.
[0018]
That is, the microwave irradiation time T1 required until the temperature inside the raw gypsum reaches the anhydrous gypsum of the gypsum, or the time per unit weight of the conventional elapsed time required for drying the raw gypsum of the same type as the raw gypsum. When at least one of the microwave irradiation times T2 required for drying the raw gypsum multiplied by the weight of the raw gypsum to be dried elapses, the microwave irradiation may be cut off. It will be.
As described above, according to the present invention, time and labor for searching for a drying condition suitable for the weight of the raw gypsum to be dried can be omitted. After casting a metal such as aluminum into the gypsum mold, it is not necessary to find out the defects in the mold (such as poor visual inspection of the mold) and to find out the dryness of the mold mold plaster. . In addition, there is an effect that the drying can be performed in a conventional time of about (1/10). When the change of the tread pattern of the rubber tire is urgent, there is an effect that it is possible to cope with an urgent drying request to be dealt with by the raw material gypsum molding.
[0019]
In the drying method of the present invention, prior to drying of the raw gypsum molded body that has been molded into the shape of the mold for the mold, preliminary drying is performed from the outside of the molded body, for example, in a drying furnace (chamber). Is not to be excluded. Further, in addition to a mold for molding a rubber tire, it can be used for a mold for heating food, for example.
[0020]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, the drying time of the raw material gypsum is short, and there is no occurrence of overdrying of the raw material gypsum, or conversely insufficient drying, and deformation (including microcracking, etc.) There is no deformation during use of the gypsum mold. Therefore, a mold in which metal or the like is cast and solidified in the gypsum mold is free from defects such as pinholes and cracks.
[Brief description of the drawings]
1 is a drying curve of Example 1. FIG.
2 is a drying curve of Example 2. FIG.
FIG. 3 is a drying curve of a conventional example.
4 is a drying curve of Example 3. FIG.
5 is a drying curve of Example 4. FIG.

Claims (2)

金型用鋳型の形状に成型された乾燥前の原料石膏の成型体を乾燥させて金型用石膏鋳型を作成するに際して、
該原料石膏の成型体外部から該原料石膏へマイクロ波を照射し、
該照射がもたらす該原料石膏の半水石膏から無水石膏への化学変化による温度変化と、該照射の開始時からの経過時間とを測定して検知した該原料石膏が無水石膏に到着するまでに要した前記経過時間であるマイクロ波照射時間T1、または、該原料石膏と同種の原料石膏の乾燥に要した従来の前記経過時間の単位重量あたりの時間に該原料石膏の重量を掛け合わせた該原料石膏の乾燥に要するマイクロ波照射時間T2の、何れか少なくとも一方のマイクロ波照射時間T1,T2が経過したときに、前記マイクロ波の照射を遮断する
ことを特徴とする原料石膏の乾燥方法。
When creating a gypsum mold for molds by drying the raw gypsum molded material before drying that has been molded into the shape of the mold for molds,
Irradiating microwaves to the raw gypsum from outside the molded body of the raw gypsum,
A temperature change due to a chemical change to anhydrite from hemihydrate gypsum raw material gypsum said irradiation results, until the elapsed time from the start of the irradiation, the raw material gypsum sensed by measuring the arrival to anhydrite The microwave irradiation time T1, which is the elapsed time required for the above, or the conventional unit time of the elapsed time required for drying the same type of raw material gypsum as the raw material gypsum was multiplied by the weight of the raw material gypsum. A method for drying raw gypsum, characterized in that the microwave irradiation is cut off when at least one of the microwave irradiation times T1 and T2 of the microwave irradiation time T2 required for drying the raw material gypsum has elapsed. .
前記金型用石膏鋳型が、ゴムタイヤの型付け金型用鋳型である
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の原料石膏の乾燥方法。
The method for drying a raw material gypsum according to claim 1, wherein the mold gypsum mold is a mold for molding a rubber tire mold .
JP2003125782A 2003-04-30 2003-04-30 Raw material gypsum drying method Expired - Fee Related JP4297723B2 (en)

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