JP4294338B2 - Imaging optical system and imaging apparatus using the same - Google Patents

Description

【０１３５】
上記の近赤外シャープカットコートの透過率特性は図１５に示す通りである。
【０１３６】
また、ローパスフィルターの射出面側には、図１６に示すような短波長域の色の透過を低滅する色フィルターを設けるか若しくはコーティングを行うことで、より一層電子画像の色再現性を高めている。
【０１３７】
具体的には、このフィルター若しくはコーティングにより、波長４００ｎｍ〜７００ｎｍで透過率が最も高い波長の透過率に対する４２０ｎｍの波長の透過率の比が１５％以上であり、その最も高い波長の透過率に対する４００ｎｍの波長の透過率の比が６％以下であることが好ましい。
【０１３８】
それにより、人間の目の色に対する認識と、撮像及び再生される画像の色とのずれを低減させることができる。言い換えると、人間の視覚では認識され難い短波長側の色が、人間の目で容易に認識されることによる画像の劣化を防止することができる。
【０１３９】
上記の４００ｎｍの波長の透過率の比が６％を越えると、人間の目では認識され難い短波長城が認識し得る波長に再生されてしまい、逆に、上記の４２０ｎｍの波長の透過率の比が１５％よりも小さいと、人間の認識し得る波長城の再生が低くなり、色のバランスが悪くなる。
【０１４０】
このような波長を制限する手段は、補色モザイクフィルターを用いた撮像系においてより効果を奏するものである。
【０１４１】
上記各実施例では、図１６に示すように、波長４００ｎｍにおける透過率を０％、４２０ｎｍにおける透過率を９０％、４４０ｎｍにて透過率のピーク１００％となるコーティングとしている。
【０１４２】
前記した近赤外シャープカットコートとの作用の掛け合わせにより、波長４５０ｎｍの透過率９９％をピークとして、４００ｎｍにおける透過率を０％、４２０ｎｍにおける透過率を８０％、６００ｎｍにおける透過率を８２％、７００ｎｍにおける透過率を２％としている。それにより、より忠実な色再現を行っている。
【０１４３】
また、ローパスフィルターは、像面上投影時の方位角度が水平（＝０°）と±４５°方向にそれぞれ結晶軸を有する３種類のフィルターを光軸方向に重ねて使用することができ、それぞれについて、水平にａμｍ、±４５°方向にそれぞれSQRT(1/2) ×ａだけずらすことで、モアレ抑制を行うことができる。ここで、ＳＱＲＴはスクエアルートであり平方根を意味する。
【０１４４】
また、ＣＣＤの撮像面Ｉ上には、図１７に示す通り、シアン、マゼンダ、イエロー、グリーン（緑）の４色の色フィルターを撮像画素に対応してモザイク状に設けた補色モザイクフィルターを設けている。これら４種類の色フィルターは、それぞれが略同じ数になるように、かつ、隣り合う画素が同じ種類の色フィルターに対応しないようにモザイク状に配置されている。それにより、より忠実な色再現が可能となる。
【０１４５】
補色モザイクフィルターは、具体的には、図１７に示すように少なくとも４種類の色フィルターから構成され、その４種類の色フィルターの特性は以下の通りであることが好ましい。
【０１４６】
グリーンの色フイルターＧは波長Ｇ_P に分光強度のピークを有し、
イエローの色フィルターＹ_e は波長Ｙ_P に分光強度のピークを有し、
シアンの色フィルターＣは波長Ｃ_P に分光強度のピークを有し、
マゼンダの色フィルターＭは波長Ｍ_P1とＭ_P2にピークを有し、以下の条件を満足する。
【０１４７】
５１０ｎｍ＜Ｇ_P ＜５４０ｎｍ
５ｎｍ＜Ｙ_P −Ｇ_P ＜３５ｎｍ
−１００ｎｍ＜Ｃ_P −Ｇ_P ＜−５ｎｍ
４３０ｎｍ＜Ｍ_P1＜４８０ｎｍ
５８０ｎｍ＜Ｍ_P2＜６４０ｎｍ
さらに、グリーン、イエロー、シアンの色フィルターはそれぞれの分光強度のピークに対して波長５３０ｎｍでは８０％以上の強度を有し、マゼンダの色フィルターはその分光強度のピークに対して波長５３０ｎｍでは１０％から５０％の強度を有することが、色再現性を高める上でより好ましい。
【０１４８】
上記各実施例におけるそれぞれの波長特性の１例を図１８に示す。グリーンの色フィルターＧは５２５ｎｍに分光強度のビークを有している。イエローの色フィルターＹ_e は５５５ｎｍに分光強度のピークを有している。シアンの色フイルターＣは５１０ｎｍに分光強度のピークを有している。マゼンダの色フィルターＭは４４５ｎｍと６２０ｎｍにピークを有している。また、５３０ｎｍにおける各色フィルターは、それぞれの分光強度のピークに対して、Ｇは９９％、Ｙ_e は９５％、Ｃは９７％、Ｍは３８％としている。
【０１４９】
このような補色フイルターの場合、図示しないコントローラー（若しくは、デジタルカメラに用いられるコントローラー）で、電気的に次のような信号処理を行い、
輝度信号
Ｙ＝｜Ｇ＋Ｍ＋Ｙ_e ＋Ｃ｜×１／４
色信号
Ｒ−Ｙ＝｜（Ｍ＋Ｙ_e ）−（Ｇ＋Ｃ）｜
Ｂ−Ｙ＝｜（Ｍ＋Ｃ）−（Ｇ＋Ｙ_e ）｜
の信号処理を経てＲ（赤）、Ｇ（緑）、Ｂ（青）の信号に変換される。
【０１５０】
ところで、上記した近赤外シャープカットコートの配置位置は、光路上のどの位置であってもよい。また、ローパスフィルターの枚数も２枚でも１枚でも構わない。
【０１５１】
本発明の撮像装置において、光量調整のために、明るさ絞りＳを複数の絞り羽にて構成し、その開口形状を可変とすることで調整する可変絞りを用いてもよい。図１９は、開口時絞り形状の例を示す説明図、図２０は、２段絞り時の絞り形状の例を示す説明図である。図１９、図２０において、ＯＰは光軸、Ｄａは６枚の絞り板、Ｘａ、Ｘｂは開口部を示している。本発明においては、絞りの開口形状を開放状態（図１９）と、所定の条件を満たすＦ値となる絞り値（２段絞り、図２０）の２種類のみとすることができる。
【０１５２】
又は、形状又は透過率の異なる形状固定の複数の明るさ絞りを設けたターレットを用いて、必要な明るさに応じて、何れかの明るさ絞りを結像光学系の物体側光軸上に配置する構成とすると、絞り機構の薄型化が図れる。また、そのターレット上に配された複数の明るさ絞りの開口の中の最も光量を低減させる開口に、他の明るさ絞りの透過率よりも低い透過率の光量低減フィルターを配する構成としてもよい。それにより、絞りの開口径を絞り込みすぎることがなくなり、絞りの開口径が小さいことにより発生する回折による結像性能の悪化を抑えることができる。
【０１５３】
この場合の１例の構成を示す斜視図を図２１に示す。結像光学系の第１正レンズＬ１の物体側の光軸上の絞りＳの位置に、０段、−１段、−２段、−３段、−４段の明るさ調節を可能とするターレット１０を配置している。
【０１５４】
ターレット１０には、０段の調整をする開口形状が最大絞り径の円形で固定の空間からなる開口１Ａ（波長５５０ｎｍに対する透過率は１００％）と、−１段補正するために開口１Ａの開口面積の約半分の開口面積を有する開口形状が固定の透明な平行平板（波長５５０ｎｍに対する透過率は９９％）からなる開口１Ｂと、開口１Ｂと同じ面積の円形開口部を有し、−２段、−３段、−４段に補正するため、各々波長５５０ｎｍに対する透過率が５０％、２５％、１３％のＮＤフィルターが設けられた開口部１Ｃ、１Ｄ、１Ｅとを有している。
【０１５５】
そして、ターレット１０に設けた回転軸１１の周りの回動により何れかの開口を絞り位置に配することで光量調節を行っている。
【０１５６】
また、図２１に示すターレット１０に代えて、図２２の正面図に示すターレット１０’を用いることができる。結像光学系の第１正レンズＬ１の物体側の光軸上の絞りＳの位置に、０段、−１段、−２段、−３段、−４段の明るさ調節を可能とするターレット１０’を配置している。
【０１５７】
ターレット１０’には、０段の調整をする開口形状が最大絞り径の円形で固定の開口１Ａ' と、−１段補正するために開口１Ａ’の開口面積の約半分となる開口面積を有する開口形状が固定の開口１Ｂ' と、さらに開口面積が順に小さくなり、−２段、−３段、−４段に補正するための形状が固定の開口部１Ｃ' 、１Ｄ' 、１Ｅ' とを有している。
【０１５８】
そして、ターレット１０’に設けた回転軸１１の周りの回動により何れかの開口を絞り位置に配することで光量調節を行っている。
【０１５９】
また、より薄型化のために、明るさ絞りＳの開口を、形状、位置共に固定の絞りとし、光量調整は、撮像素子からの出力信号を電気的に調整するようにしもよい。また、レンズ系の他の空間、例えば第３正レンズＬ３とＣＣＤカバーガラスＣＧの間にＮＤフィルターを抜き差して光量調整を行う構成としてもよい。図２３はその１例を示す図であり、ターレット１０”の開口１Ａ”は素通し面又は中空の開口、開口１Ｂ”は透過率１／２のＮＤフィルター、開口１Ｃ”は透過率１／４のＮＤフィルター、開口１Ｄ”は透過率１／８のＮＤフィルター等を設けたターレット状のものを用い、中心の回転軸の周りの回動により何れかの開口を光路中の何れかの位置に配することで光量調節を行っている。
【０１６０】
また、光量調節のフィルターとして、光量ムラを抑えるように光量調節が可能なフィルター面を設けてもよい。例えば、暗い被写体に対しては中心部の光量確保を優先して透過率を均一とし、明るい被写体に対してのみ明るさムラを補うように、図２４に示すように、同心円状に光量が中心程低下するフィルターを配する構成としてもよい。
【０１６１】
また、絞りＳとしては、第１正レンズＬ１の入射面側の周辺部を黒塗りしたものでもよい。
【０１６２】
また、本発明による撮像装置を、カメラ等のように映像を静止画として保存するものとする場合、光量調整のためのシャッターを光路中に配置するとよい。
【０１６３】
そのようなシャッターとしては、ＣＣＤの直前に配置したフォーカルプレーンシャッターやロータリーシャッター、液晶シャッターでもよいし、開口絞り自体をシャッターとして構成してもよい。
【０１６４】
図２５にシャッターの１例を示す。図２５に示すものは、フォーカルプレーンシャッターの１つであるロータリーフォーカルプレーンシャッターの例であり、図２５（ａ）は裏面側から見た図、図２５（ｂ）は表面側から見た図である。１５はシャッター基板であり、像面の直前又は任意の光路位置に配される構成となっている。基板１５には、光学系の有効光束を透過する開口部１６が設けられている。１７はロータリーシャッター幕である。１８はロータリーシャッター幕１７の回転軸であり、回転軸１８は基板１５に対して回転し、ロータリーシャッター幕１７と一体化されている。回転軸１８は基板１５の表面のギヤ１９、２０と連結されている。このギア１９、２０は図示しないモーターと連結されている。
【０１６５】
このような構成において、図示しないモーターの駆動により、ギア１９、２０、回転軸１８を介して、ロータリーシャッター幕１７が回転軸１８を中心に回転するように構成されている。
【０１６６】
このロータリーシャッター幕１７は略半円型に構成され、回転により基板１５の開口部１６の遮蔽と退避を行い、シャッターの役割を果たしている。シャッタースピードはこのロータリーシャッター幕１７の回転するスピードを変えることで調整される。
【０１６７】
図２６（ａ）〜（ｄ）は、ロータリーシャッター幕１７が回転する様子を像面側からみた図である。時間を追って図の（ａ）、（ｂ）、（ｃ）、（ｄ）、（ａ）の順で移動する。
【０１６８】
以上のように、レンズ系の異なる位置に形状が固定の開口絞りＳと光量調整を行うフィルターあるいはシャッターを配置することにより、回折の影響を抑えて高画質を保ちつつ、フィルターやシャッターにより光量調整が行え、かつ、レンズ系の全長の短縮化も可能とした撮像装置を得ることができる。
【０１６９】
また、機械的なシャッターを用いずに、ＣＣＤの電気信号の一部を取り出して静止画を得るような電気的な制御で行う構成としてもよい。このような構成の１例を、図２７、図２８によりＣＣＤ撮像の動作を説明しながら説明する。図２７は、インターレース式（飛び越し走査式）で信号の順次読み出しを行っているＣＣＤ撮像の動作説明図である。図２７において、Ｐａ〜Ｐｃはフォトダイオードを用いた感光部、Ｖａ〜ＶｃはＣＣＤによる垂直転送部、ＨａはＣＣＤによる水平転送部である。Ａフィールドは奇数フィールド、Ｂフィールドは偶数フィールドを示している。
【０１７０】
図２７の構成では、基本動作が次のように行われる。すなわち、（１）感光部で光による信号電荷の蓄積（光電変換）、（２）感光部から垂直転送部への信号電荷のシフト（フィールドシフト）、（３）垂直転送部での信号電荷の転送（垂直転送）、（４）垂直転送部から水平転送部への信号電荷の転送（ラインシフト）、（５）水平転送部での信号電荷の転送（水平転送）、（６）水平転送部の出力端で信号電荷の検出（検出）。このような順次読み出しは、Ａフィールド（奇数フィールド）とＢフィールド（偶数フィールド）の何れか一方を用いて行うことができる。
【０１７１】
図２７のインターレース式（飛び越し走査式）ＣＣＤ撮像は、ＴＶ放送方式やアナログビデオ方式では、ＡフィールドとＢフィールドの蓄積タイミングが１／６０ずれている。これをそのままＤＳＣ（Ｄｉｊｉｔａｌ Ｓｐｅｃｔｒａｍ Ｃｏｍｐａｔｉｂｌｅ）用画像としてフレーム画を構成すると、動きのある被写体の場合、二重像のようなブレを起こす。そこで、このタイプのＣＣＤ撮像では、Ａ、Ｂフィールドを同時露光して隣接するフィールドの信号を混合する。そして、機械的なシャッターで露光終了時に湛光した後、ＡフィールドとＢフィールドそれぞれ別々に読み出して信号を合成する方法が取られている。
【０１７２】
本発明においては、機械的なシャッターの役割をスミア防止用のみとして、Ａフィールドのみの順次読み出し、あるいは、Ａ、Ｂフィールドを同時混合読み出しとすることにより、垂直解像度は低下するが、機械的なシャッターの駆動スピードに左右されず（電子的なシャッターのみでコントロールできるため）、高速シャッターを切ることができる。図２７の例では、垂直転送部のＣＣＤの数が感光部を構成するフォトダイオードの数の半分であるので、小型化しやすいという利点がある。
【０１７３】
図２８は、信号の順次読み出しをプログレッシブ式で行うＣＣＤ撮像の動作説明図である。図２８において、Ｐｄ〜Ｐｆはフォトダイオードを用いた感光部、Ｖｄ〜ＶｆはＣＣＤによる垂直転送部、ＨｂはＣＣＤによる水平転送部である。
【０１７４】
図２８においては、画素の並び順に読み出すことができるので、電荷蓄積読み出し作業を全て電子的にコントロールすることが可能となる。したがって、露光時間を（１／１００００秒）程度に短くすることができる。図２８の例では、図２７の場合よりも垂直ＣＣＤの数が多く、小型化が困難という不利な点があるが、前記したような利点があるので、本発明においては、図２７、図２８の何れの方式も採用することができる。
【０１７５】
さて、以上のような本発明の撮像装置は、結像光学系で物体像を形成しその像をＣＣＤ等の撮像素子に受光させて撮影を行う撮影装置、とりわけデジタルカメラやビデオカメラ、情報処理装置の例であるパソコン、電話、特に持ち運びに便利な携帯電話等に用いることができる。以下に、その実施形態を例示する。
【０１７６】
図２９〜図３１は、本発明による結像光学系をデジタルカメラの撮影光学系４１に組み込んだ構成の概念図を示す。図２９はデジタルカメラ４０の外観を示す前方斜視図、図３０は同後方斜視図、図３１はデジタルカメラ４０の構成を示す断面図である。デジタルカメラ４０は、この例の場合、撮影用光路４２を有する撮影光学系４１、ファインダー用光路４４を有するファインダー光学系４３、シャッター４５、フラッシュ４６、液晶表示モニター４７等を含み、カメラ４０の上部に配置されたシャッター４５を押圧すると、それに連動して撮影光学系４１、例えば実施例１の結像光学系を通して撮影が行われる。撮影光学系４１によって形成された物体像が、近赤外カットコートを設けローパスフィルター作用を持たせたカバーガラスＣＧを介してＣＣＤ４９の撮像面上に形成される。このＣＣＤ４９で受光された物体像は、処理手段５１を介し、電子画像としてカメラ背面に設けられた液晶表示モニター４７に表示される。また、この処理手段５１には記録手段５２が接続され、撮影された電子画像を記録することもできる。なお、この記録手段５２は処理手段５１と別体に設けてもよいし、フロッピーディスクやメモリーカード、ＭＯ等により電子的に記録書込を行うように構成してもよい。また、ＣＣＤ４９に代わって銀塩フィルムを配置した銀塩カメラとして構成してもよい。
【０１７７】
さらに、ファインダー用光路４４上にはファインダー用対物光学系５３が配置してある。このファインダー用対物光学系５３によって形成された物体像は、像正立部材であるポロプリズム５５の視野枠５７上に形成される。このポリプリズム５５の後方には、正立正像にされた像を観察者眼球Ｅに導く接眼光学系５９が配置されている。なお、撮影光学系４１及びファインダー用対物光学系５３の入射側、接眼光学系５９の射出側にそれぞれカバー部材５０が配置されている。
【０１７８】
このように構成されたデジタルカメラ４０は、撮影光学系４１が高性能で小型であるので、高性能・小型化が実現できる。
【０１７９】
なお、図３１の例では、カバー部材５０として平行平面板を配置しているが、パワーを持ったレンズを用いてもよい。
【０１８０】
次に、本発明の結像光学系が対物光学系として内蔵された情報処理装置の１例であるパソコンが図３２〜図３４に示される。図３２はパソコン３００のカバーを開いた前方斜視図、図３３はパソコン３００の撮影光学系３０３の断面図、図３４は図３２の状態の側面図である。図３２〜図３４に示されるように、パソコン３００は、外部から繰作者が情報を入力するためのキーボード３０１と、図示を省略した情報処理手段や記録手段と、情報を操作者に表示するモニター３０２と、操作者自身や周辺の像を撮影するための撮影光学系３０３とを有している。ここで、モニター３０２は、図示しないバックライトにより背面から照明する透過型液晶表示素子や、前面からの光を反射して表示する反射型液晶表示素子や、ＣＲＴディスプレイ等であってよい。また、図中、撮影光学系３０３は、モニター３０２の右上に内蔵されているが、その場所に限らず、モニター３０２の周囲や、キーボード３０１の周囲のどこであってもよい。
【０１８１】
この撮影光学系３０３は、撮影光路３０４上に、本発明による結像光学系（図では略記）からなる対物レンズ１１２と、像を受光する撮像素子チップ１６２とを有している。これらはパソコン３００に内蔵されている。
【０１８２】
ここで、撮像素子チップ１６２上にはローパスフィルター作用を持たせたカバーガラスＣＧが付加的に貼り付けられて撮像ユニット１６０として一体に形成され、対物レンズ１１２の鏡枠１１３の後端にワンタッチで嵌め込まれて取り付け可能になっているため、対物レンズ１１２と撮像素子チップ１６２の中心合わせや面間隔の調整が不要であり、組立が簡単となっている。また、鏡枠１１３の先端には、対物レンズ１１２を保護するためのカバーガラス１１４が配置されている。
【０１８３】
撮像素子チップ１６２で受光された物体像は、端子１６６を介して、パソコン３００の処理手段に入力され、電子画像としてモニター３０２に表示される、図３２には、その１例として、操作者の撮影された画像３０５が示されている。また、この画像３０５は、処理手段を介し、インターネットや電話を介して、遠隔地から通信相手のパソコンに表示されることも可能である。
【０１８４】
次に、本発明の結像光学系が撮影光学系として内蔵された情報処理装置の１例である電話、特に持ち運びに便利な携帯電話が図３５に示される。図３５（ａ）は携帯電話４００の正面図、図３５（ｂ）は側面図、図３５（ｃ）は撮影光学系４０５の断面図である。図３５（ａ）〜（ｃ）に示されるように、携帯電話４００は、操作者の声を情報として入力するマイク部４０１と、通話相手の声を出力するスピーカ部４０２と、操作者が情報を入力する入力ダイアル４０３と、操作者自身や通話相手等の撮影像と電話番号等の情報を表示するモニター４０４と、撮影光学系４０５と、通信電波の送信と受信を行うアンテナ４０６と、画像情報や通信情報、入力信号等の処理を行う処理手段（図示せず）とを有している。ここで、モニター４０４は液晶表示素子である。また、図中、各構成の配置位置は、特にこれらに限られない。この撮影光学系４０５は、撮影光路４０７上に配置された本発明による結像光学系（図では略記）からなる対物レンズ１１２と、物体像を受光する撮像素子チップ１６２とを有している。これらは、携帯電話４００に内蔵されている。
【０１８５】
ここで、撮像素子チップ１６２上にはローパスフィルター作用を持たせたカバーガラスＣＧが付加的に貼り付けられて撮像ユニット１６０として一体に形成され、対物レンズ１１２の鏡枠１１３の後端にワンタッチで嵌め込まれて取り付け可能になっているため、対物レンズ１１２と撮像素子チップ１６２の中心合わせや面間隔の調整が不要であり、組立が簡単となっている。また、鏡枠１１３の先端には、対物レンズ１１２を保護するためのカバーガラス１１４が配置されている。
【０１８６】
撮影素子チップ１６２で受光された物体像は、端子１６６を介して、図示していない処理手段に入力され、電子画像としてモニター４０４に、又は、通信相手のモニターに、又は、両方に表示される。また、通信相手に画像を送信する場合、撮像素子チップ１６２で受光された物体像の情報を、送信可能な信号へと変換する信号処理機能が処理手段には含まれている。
【０１８７】
以上の各実施例は、前記の特許請求の範囲の構成に合わせて種々変更することができる。
【０１８８】
なお、本発明において次のように結像光学系及びそれを用いた撮像装置を構成することもできる。
【０１８９】
〔１〕 物体側から順に、明るさ絞り、像側に凸を向けた第１正メニスカスレンズ、第２負レンズ、第３正レンズの順に配置され、次の条件式を満たすことを特徴とした結像光学系。
【０１９０】
−０．８＜（ｒ_3f＋ｒ_3r）／（ｒ_3f−ｒ_3r）＜０．１５・・・（２−６）
ただし、ｒ_3fは第３正レンズの物体側面の光軸上曲率半径、ｒ_3rは第３正レンズの像側面の光軸上曲率半径である。
【０１９１】
〔２〕 物体側から順に、明るさ絞り、像側に凸を向けた第１正メニスカスレンズ、第２負レンズ、第３正レンズの順に配置され、次の条件式を満たすことを特徴とした結像光学系。
【０１９２】
０．１＜ｒ_2r／ｒ_3f＜０．２３ ・・・（４−３）
ただし、ｒ_2rは第２負レンズの像側面の光軸上曲率半径、ｒ_3fは第３正レンズの物体側面の光軸上曲率半径である。
【０１９３】
〔３〕 物体側から順に、明るさ絞り、像側に凸を向けた第１正メニスカスレンズ、第２負レンズ、第３正レンズの順に配置され、次の条件式を満たすことを特徴とした結像光学系。
【０１９４】
−０．１５＜ｒ_1r／ｒ_3r＜０．３５ ・・・（５−２）
ただし、ｒ_1rは第１正レンズの像側面の光軸上曲率半径、ｒ_3rは第３正レンズの像側面の光軸上曲率半径である。
【０１９５】
〔４〕 物体側から順に、明るさ絞り、第１正レンズ、第２負レンズ、物体側に凸面を向けた第３正メニスカスレンズの順に配置されていることを特徴とした結像光学系。
【０１９６】
〔５〕 物体側から順に、明るさ絞り、像側に凸面を向けた第１正メニスカスレンズ、第２負レンズ、第３正レンズの順に配置された結像光学系、及び、その像側に配された撮像素子を有し、前記明るさ絞りは、光軸が通過する開口形状が固定されており、かつ、開口部の外周面を像面側程光軸に近づくように、最軸外光束の入射角以上の傾斜角で傾斜させたことを特徴とする撮像装置。
【０１９７】
〔６〕 物体側から順に、明るさ絞り、像側に凸面を向けた第１正メニスカスレンズ、第２負レンズ、第３正レンズの順に配置された結像光学系、及び、その像側に配された撮像素子を有し、前記結像光学系と前記撮像素子を保持しかつ前記明るさ絞りを同一樹脂材で一体成形したレンズ枠を備えたことを特徴とする撮像装置。
【０１９８】
〔７〕 物体側から順に、明るさ絞り、像側に凸面を向けた第１正メニスカスレンズ、第２負レンズ、第３正レンズの順に配置された結像光学系、及び、その像側に配された撮像素子を有し、前記結像光学系を保持するレンズ枠を備え、少なくとも前記第１正レンズ、第３正レンズの各々の外周に、物体側程光軸に近づくよう傾斜させた傾斜部を設け、前記レンズ枠に前記傾斜部が当接していることを特徴とする撮像装置。
【０１９９】
〔８〕 物体側から順に、明るさ絞り、像側に凸面を向けた第１正メニスカスレンズ、第２負レンズ、第３正レンズの順に配置された結像光学系、及び、その像側に配された撮像素子を有し、前記結像光学系を保持するレンズ枠を備え、前記第１正レンズの形状が入射側から見たときに円形であり、前記第３正レンズの形状が、入射側から見たときに撮像素子の有効撮像領域の短辺方向に対応する方向の長さが有効撮像領域の長辺方向に対応する長さよりも短いことを特徴とする撮像装置。
【０２００】
【発明の効果】
本発明により、高性能で小型で半画角が３５°程度の広角の結像光学系とそれを用いた小型で高性能の撮像装置を得ることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の結像光学系の実施例１の無限遠物点合焦時のレンズ断面図である。
【図２】実施例２の結像光学系の図１と同様のレンズ断面図である。
【図３】実施例３の結像光学系の図１と同様のレンズ断面図である。
【図４】実施例４の結像光学系の図１と同様のレンズ断面図である。
【図５】実施例５の結像光学系の図１と同様のレンズ断面図である。
【図６】実施例１の無限遠物点合焦時の収差図である。
【図７】実施例２の無限遠物点合焦時の収差図である。
【図８】実施例３の無限遠物点合焦時の収差図である。
【図９】実施例４の無限遠物点合焦時の収差図である。
【図１０】実施例５の無限遠物点合焦時の収差図である。
【図１１】撮像素子にて撮影を行う場合の最大像高Ｉｈを定義する有効撮像面の対角長Ｌについて説明するための図である。
【図１２】撮像素子の撮像面に視野枠を配する場合の最大像高Ｉｈを定義する有効撮像面の対角長Ｌについて説明するための図である。
【図１３】実施例１の結像光学系とその像面に配置されるＣＣＤとを樹脂材で一体成形したレンズ枠に固定する構成例の断面図である。
【図１４】結像光学系の第３正レンズを小判型の形状にする場合の模式的分解斜視図である。
【図１５】近赤外シャープカットコートの一例の透過率特性を示す図である。
【図１６】ローパスフィルターの射出面側に設ける色フィルターの一例の透過率特性を示す図である。
【図１７】補色モザイクフィルターの色フィルター配置を示す図である。
【図１８】補色モザイクフィルターの波長特性の一例を示す図である。
【図１９】絞りの開口形状を開放状態としたことを示す図である。
【図２０】絞りの開口形状を２段絞りとした状態を示す図である。
【図２１】形状と透過率の異なる形状固定の複数の明るさ絞りを設けたターレットを配置した本発明の結像光学系の構成を示す斜視図である。
【図２２】図２１に示すターレットに代わる別のターレットを示す正面図である。
【図２３】本発明において利用可能な別のターレット状の光量調整フィルターを示す図である。
【図２４】光量ムラを抑えるフィルターの例を示す図である。
【図２５】ロータリーフォーカルプレーンシャッターの例を示す裏面図と表面図である。
【図２６】図２５のシャッターのロータリーシャッター幕が回転する様子を示す図である。
【図２７】インターレース式ＣＣＤ撮像の動作説明図である。
【図２８】プログレッシブ式ＣＣＤ撮像の動作説明図である
【図２９】本発明による結像光学系を組み込んだデジタルカメラの外観を示す前方斜視図である。
【図３０】図２９のデジタルカメラの後方斜視図である。
【図３１】図２９のデジタルカメラの断面図である。
【図３２】本発明による結像光学系が対物光学系として組み込れたパソコンのカバーを開いた前方斜視図である。
【図３３】パソコンの撮影光学系の断面図である。
【図３４】図３２の状態の側面図である。
【図３５】本発明による結像光学系が対物光学系として組み込れた携帯電話の正面図、側面図、その撮影光学系の断面図である。
【符号の説明】
Ｓ …明るさ絞り
Ｌ１…第１正レンズ
Ｌ２…第２負レンズ
Ｌ３…第３正レンズ
ＣＧ…カバーガラス
Ｉ …像面
ＯＰ…光軸
Ｄａ…絞り板
Ｘａ、Ｘｂ…開口部
Ｐａ〜Ｐｆ…感光部
Ｖａ〜Ｖｆ…垂直転送部
Ｈａ、Ｈｂ…水平転送部
Ｅ …観察者眼球
１Ａ、１Ｂ、１Ｃ、１Ｄ、１Ｅ…開口
１Ａ’、１Ｂ’、１Ｃ’、１Ｄ’、１Ｅ’…開口
１Ａ”、１Ｂ”、１Ｃ”、１Ｄ”…開口
５…結像光学系
６…ＣＣＤ
７…レンズ枠
８…レンズ外周
１０…ターレット
１０’…ターレット
１０”…ターレット
１１…回転軸
１５…シャッター基板
１６…開口部
１７…ロータリーシャッター幕
１８…回転軸
１９、２０…ギヤ
４０…デジタルカメラ
４１…撮影光学系
４２…撮影用光路
４３…ファインダー光学系
４４…ファインダー用光路
４５…シャッター
４６…フラッシュ
４７…液晶表示モニター
４９…ＣＣＤ
５０…カバー部材
５１…処理手段
５２…記録手段
５３…ファインダー用対物光学系
５５…ポロプリズム
５７…視野枠
５９…接眼光学系
１１２…対物レンズ
１１３…鏡枠
１１４…カバーガラス
１６０…撮像ユニット
１６２…撮像素子チップ
１６６…端子
３００…パソコン
３０１…キーボード
３０２…モニター
３０３…撮影光学系
３０４…撮影光路
３０５…画像
４００…携帯電話
４０１…マイク部
４０２…スピーカ部
４０３…入力ダイアル
４０４…モニター
４０５…撮影光学系
４０６…アンテナ
４０７…撮影光路[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an imaging optical system and an imaging apparatus using the imaging optical system, and is particularly mounted in a digital still camera, a digital video camera, a cellular phone, or a personal computer using a solid-state imaging device such as a CCD or a CMOS. The present invention relates to an imaging apparatus such as a small camera or a surveillance camera.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, electronic cameras that take a subject using a solid-state imaging device such as a CCD or a CMOS instead of a silver salt film have become widespread. Among such electronic cameras, an imaging device mounted on a portable computer, a cellular phone, or the like is particularly required to be small and light.
[0003]
As an imaging optical system used in such an image pickup apparatus, there is a conventional one in which the number of lenses is one or two. However, as is apparent from the aberration theory, it is already known that field curvature cannot be corrected and high performance cannot be expected. Therefore, in order to satisfy high performance, it is necessary to configure with three or more lenses.
[0004]
On the other hand, in the case of a CCD, if the off-axis light beam emitted from the imaging lens system is incident at an excessively large angle with respect to the image plane, the condensing performance of the microlens is not fully exhibited, and the brightness of the image becomes the center of the image This causes the problem of extreme changes between the image and the image periphery. Therefore, the light incident angle to the CCD, that is, the exit pupil position is important in design. In the case of an optical system with a small number of sheets, the position of the aperture stop is important.
[0005]
Considering these problems, there is a triplet type with a front aperture. Such imaging lenses are disclosed in Patent Literature 1, Patent Literature 2, Patent Literature 3, Patent Literature 4, Patent Literature 5, Patent Literature 6, and the like.
[0006]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-1-144007
[0007]
[Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-191907
[0008]
[Patent Document 3]
JP-A-4-153612
[0009]
[Patent Document 4]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-188284
[0010]
[Patent Document 5]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-288235
[0011]
[Patent Document 6]
JP 2001-750006 A
[0012]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, these prior examples have various problems as shown below.
[0013]
In each of Patent Document 1, Patent Document 2, Patent Document 3, and Patent Document 5, the half angle of view was about 25 °. When trying to widen the angle, since the first positive lens has a biconvex shape, it is difficult to correct coma and astigmatism of off-axis rays, and the performance cannot be sufficiently satisfied. Further, unless the glass having a high refractive index is used therefor, the optical performance cannot be sufficiently satisfied, so that it is difficult to achieve cost reduction and weight reduction.
[0014]
In Patent Document 6, widening of the angle is achieved by forming the first positive lens into a meniscus shape convex toward the image side. However, in Example 1 which achieved a wide angle, distortion and lateral chromatic aberration were not sufficiently corrected.
[0015]
The present invention has been made in view of such problems of the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to provide a wide-angle imaging optical system having a half angle of view of about 35 ° and simultaneously satisfying high performance and downsizing. It is to provide an imaging apparatus used.
[0016]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The first image-forming optical system of the present invention that achieves the above object is arranged in the order of the aperture stop, the first positive meniscus lens with the convex surface facing the image side, the second negative lens, and the third positive lens in order from the object side. It is arranged and satisfies the following conditional expression.
[0017]
−0.55 <f₂/ F_Three<-0.1 (1)
Where f₂Is the focal length of the second negative lens, f_ThreeIs the focal length of the third positive lens.
[0018]
The second imaging optical system of the present invention is arranged in order of the aperture stop, the first positive meniscus lens with the convex surface facing the image side, the second negative lens, and the third positive lens in order from the object side. It satisfies the conditional expression.
[0019]
−2.0 <(r_3f+ R_3r) / (R_3f-R_3r<0.85 (2)
0.1 <β_Three<1.0 (3)
Where r_3fIs the radius of curvature on the optical axis of the object side surface of the third positive lens, r_3rIs the radius of curvature on the optical axis of the image side surface of the third positive lens, β_ThreeIs the lateral magnification of the third positive lens.
[0020]
Hereinafter, the reason and action of the above configuration in the present invention will be described.
[0021]
First, the number of lenses will be described. In the present invention, as a result of considering performance and miniaturization, the number of lenses is three. It is clear that the performance will be further improved if the number of lenses is increased to 4 or more. However, as the number of lenses increases, the thickness of the lens, the distance between the lenses, and the space of the frame will increase accordingly. Is inevitable. Further, as described in the section of the prior art above, when the number is two or less, the field curvature is not reduced and the peripheral performance is considerably deteriorated. It is optimal for performance and size to be composed of three pieces.
[0022]
Next, in order to reduce the light incident angle to the CCD which is the image pickup device, the brightness stop was disposed on the most object side. The power of the lens may be configured so that the exit pupil position is far from the object side. However, since the number is small, it is most effective to arrange the position of the aperture stop on the object side.
[0023]
Here, when the aperture stop is disposed closest to the object side, since there is only one lens with respect to the stop, it is difficult to correct distortion and lateral chromatic aberration, which are peripheral performances, in the optical design. For this reason, by arranging a positive lens, a negative lens, and a positive lens from the object side, powers having different signs are arranged and corrected for the second lens and the third lens having a large light beam height. The central performance is achieved by correcting the spherical aberration and axial chromatic aberration that occur in the first positive lens with the second negative lens, thereby improving the overall performance of the screen.
[0024]
At this time, the first positive lens has a meniscus shape convex toward the image side as described in the section of the problem to be solved by the invention. As a result, high performance can be achieved even with a wide angle.
[0025]
Here, in the case of configuring a wide-angle optical system, high performance cannot be achieved unless aberrations around the screen, particularly lateral chromatic aberration and distortion, are sufficiently corrected. These aberrations are likely to occur in the second lens and the third lens that are arranged far from the aperture stop and in which the peripheral ray height becomes high.
[0026]
Therefore, in the first imaging optical system of the present invention, attention is paid to the power distribution of the second negative lens and the third positive lens. That is, the following conditional expression must be satisfied.
[0027]
−0.55 <f₂/ F_Three<-0.1 (1)
Where f₂Is the focal length of the second negative lens, f_ThreeIs the focal length of the third positive lens.
[0028]
If the upper limit of -0.1 of this conditional expression is exceeded, the positive power becomes weak or the negative power becomes too strong, and if the lower limit of -0.55 is exceeded, the positive power becomes strong or negative. The power of the lens becomes too weak, and both lateral chromatic aberration and distortion are deteriorated.
[0029]
Preferably, the following conditional expression is satisfied.
[0030]
−0.5 <f₂/ F_Three<-0.15 (1-1)
Here, since the third positive lens farthest from the aperture stop has the highest peripheral ray height, the effect of correcting the lateral chromatic aberration and distortion is the highest. Therefore, in the second imaging optical system of the present invention, attention is focused on the lens shape. In particular, the incident surface has a peripheral chief ray height closer to that of the second negative lens, so that aberrations can be effectively canceled out. Therefore, for example, if the shape is a meniscus that is convex toward the image side, a negative correction effect is produced on the incident side, and correction cannot be performed. Therefore, the following conditional expression should be satisfied.
[0031]
−2.0 <(r_3f+ R_3r) / (R_3f-R_3r<0.85 (2)
Where r_3fIs the radius of curvature on the optical axis of the object side surface of the third positive lens, r_3rIs the curvature radius on the optical axis of the image side surface of the third positive lens.
[0032]
If the upper limit of 0.85 in this conditional expression is exceeded, the correction effect on the incident surface will be reduced, and the lateral chromatic aberration and distortion will deteriorate. As a result, coma and astigmatism deteriorate.
[0033]
Preferably, the following conditional expression is satisfied.
[0034]
−1.5 <(r_3f+ R_3r) / (R_3f-R_3r<0.7 (2-1)
Preferably, the third positive lens has a biconvex shape having double-sided positive power. At this time, the following conditional expression should be satisfied.
[0035]
−0.95 <(r_3f+ R_3r) / (R_3f-R_3r) <0.85 (2-2)
At this time, the following conditional expression is preferably satisfied.
[0036]
−0.8 <(r_3f+ R_3r) / (R_3f-R_3r<0.1 (2-3)
The third positive lens may have a meniscus shape convex toward the object side. At that time, the following conditional expression should be satisfied.
[0037]
−2.0 <(r_3f+ R_3r) / (R_3f-R_3r) <-1.0 (2-4)
At this time, the following conditional expression is preferably satisfied.
[0038]
−1.5 <(r_3f+ R_3r) / (R_3f-R_3r) <-1.1 ... (2-5)
At this time, since the magnification of the image formed by the first positive lens and the second negative lens is converted by the third positive lens, the aberration similarly changes depending on the magnification. This also affects the miniaturization of the optical system. Therefore, it is necessary to set the lateral magnification of the third positive lens in addition to the above conditional expression. Therefore, it is necessary to satisfy the following conditional expression.
[0039]
0.1 <β_Three<1.0 (3)
However, β_ThreeIs the lateral magnification of the third positive lens.
[0040]
If the upper limit of 1.0 of this conditional expression is exceeded, aberrations around the screen, particularly lateral chromatic aberration and distortion will deteriorate, and if the lower limit of 0.1 is exceeded, the optical system will be enlarged.
[0041]
Preferably, the following conditional expression is satisfied.
[0042]
0.2 <β_Three<0.8 (3-1)
Further, the chromatic aberration of magnification largely depends on the configuration of the second negative lens and the third positive lens in which the ray height is increased. In particular, it is very important to balance the power of the exit surface of the second negative lens and the entrance surface of the third positive lens. Therefore, the following conditional expression should be satisfied.
[0043]
0.1 <r_2r/ R_3f<1.0 (4)
Where r_2rIs the radius of curvature on the optical axis of the image side surface of the second negative lens, r_3fIs the radius of curvature on the optical axis of the object side surface of the third positive lens.
[0044]
If the upper limit of 1.0 and 0.1 of the lower limit of the conditional expression are exceeded, the balance between the power of the image side surface of the second negative lens and the power of the object side surface of the third positive lens is lost, and both lateral chromatic aberration deteriorates. Resulting in.
[0045]
Preferably, the following conditional expression is satisfied.
[0046]
0.1 <r_2r/ R_3f<0.5 (4-1)
More preferably, the following conditional expression is satisfied.
[0047]
0.05 <r_2r/ R_3f<0.23 (4-2)
In addition, high performance cannot be achieved unless not only peripheral aberrations but also axial aberrations are corrected appropriately. Since the first positive lens is closest to the aperture stop, it is effective for correcting spherical aberration. On the other hand, the third positive lens is farthest away and has a great influence on the peripheral performance. For this reason, the following conditional expression should be satisfied in order to achieve a balance.
[0048]
−0.25 <r_1r/ R_3r<0.6 (5)
Where r_1rIs the radius of curvature on the optical axis of the image side surface of the first positive lens, r_3rIs the curvature radius on the optical axis of the image side surface of the third positive lens.
[0049]
When the upper limit of 0.6 and the lower limit of −0.25 are exceeded, it becomes difficult to balance aberrations.
[0050]
Preferably, the following conditional expression is satisfied.
[0051]
−0.2 <r_1r/ R_3r<0.45 (5-1)
More preferably, the following conditional expression is satisfied.
[0052]
−0.15 <r_1r/ R_3r<0.35 (5-2)
The refractive index of the third positive lens preferably satisfies the following conditional expression.
[0053]
1.40 <n_Three <1.66 (6)
Where n_Three Is the refractive index of the third positive lens.
[0054]
If the upper limit of 1.66 in this conditional expression is exceeded, curvature of field will deteriorate, and the glass will become expensive and cost will increase. If the lower limit of 1.40 is exceeded, coma and astigmatism will occur. Will increase and performance will deteriorate.
[0055]
Preferably, the following conditional expression is satisfied.
[0056]
1.45 <n_Three <1.60 (6-1)
Further, since the first positive lens is closest to the stop, the light flux from the center to the periphery passes through substantially the same region of the lens. In other words, if the aberrations on this surface are not properly corrected, correction may not be possible with the second negative lens and the third positive lens, and the performance of the entire screen, particularly coma and astigmatism, will deteriorate. Resulting in. Therefore, it is preferable that the following conditional expression is satisfied.
[0057]
1.0 <(r_1f+ R_1r) / (R_1f-R_1r<2.5 (7)
Where r_1fIs the radius of curvature on the optical axis of the object side surface of the first positive lens, r_1rIs the radius of curvature on the optical axis of the image side surface of the first positive lens.
[0058]
If the upper limit of 2.5 to this conditional expression is exceeded, the power of the image-side surface of the first positive lens will be relatively strong, and in particular, spherical aberration and coma will deteriorate, resulting in a lower limit of 1.0. If it exceeds, the power of the object-side surface of the first positive lens becomes relatively weak, and off-axis aberrations, particularly astigmatism and coma aberration, deteriorate.
[0059]
Preferably, the following conditional expression is satisfied.
[0060]
1.0 <(r_1f+ R_1r) / (R_1f-R_1r) <1.7 (7-1)
More preferably, the following conditional expression is satisfied.
[0061]
1.1 <(r_1f+ R_1r) / (R_1f-R_1r<1.6 (7-2)
In addition, since the second negative lens is disposed between the first positive lens and the third positive lens, the aberration generation of both positive lenses cannot be corrected effectively unless this power is set appropriately. End up. Therefore, the following conditional expression should be satisfied.
[0062]
−1.0 <f₂/Ih<−0.05 (8)
Where f₂Is the focal length of the second negative lens, and Ih is the maximum image height.
[0063]
If the upper limit of -0.05 of this conditional expression is exceeded, the power of the second negative lens becomes too strong and overcorrected, and if the lower limit of -1.0 is exceeded, the power becomes too weak and insufficiently corrected. Both of which degrade performance.
[0064]
Preferably, the following conditional expression is satisfied.
[0065]
−0.75 <f₂/Ih<−0.1 (8-1)
More preferably, the following conditional expression is satisfied.
[0066]
−0.6 <f₂/Ih<−0.25 (8-2)
In addition, since the light beam is diverged by the second negative lens, the light beam is likely to enter at a steep angle when entering the object side surface of the third positive lens. Therefore, astigmatism and coma are likely to occur here. In particular, when a wide-angle optical system is configured, it is necessary to sufficiently correct the aberration generated on this surface. Therefore, it is preferable that at least the object-side surface of the third positive lens is an aspherical surface. At this time, the aspherical surface is preferably an aspherical surface in a direction in which the positive power becomes gentle. This aspherical surface should satisfy the following conditional expression.
[0067]
0.01 <| (r_3fs+ R_3fa) / (R_3fs-R_3fa) -1 | <100 (9)
Where r_3fsIs the radius of curvature on the optical axis on the object side of the third positive lens, r_3faIs a radius of curvature r considering the aspherical surface of the object side surface of the third positive lens_ASPThis is the value when the difference from the radius of curvature on the optical axis changes most in the range inside the point through which the principal ray with the maximum image height passes.
[0068]
Here, the radius of curvature r considering the aspherical surface_ASPIs defined by the following equation, where f (y) is the aspherical definition equation. same as below.
[0069]
r_ASP= Y · (1 + f ′ (y)²)^1/2/ F ’(y)
Here, y is the height from the optical axis, and f ′ (y) is the first derivative of f (y).
[0070]
If the upper limit of 100 in this conditional expression (9) is exceeded, the aspherical effect will be too small to correct astigmatism and coma, and if the lower limit of 0.01 is exceeded, the aspherical effect will increase. It becomes too difficult to process.
[0071]
Preferably, the following conditional expression is satisfied.
[0072]
0.05 <| (r_2fs+ R_2fa) / (R_2fs-R_2fa) -1 | <10 (9-1)
Further, since the surface on the image plane side of the third positive lens is the surface closest to the image plane, the luminous flux becomes thin and the correction ability of spherical aberration and coma aberration is relatively lowered. Therefore, the distortion on the image plane side of the third positive lens does not affect those aberrations, and distortion that is chief ray aberration can be intensively corrected. Therefore, it is preferable to use an aspherical surface for this surface. At this time, the aspherical surface is preferably an aspherical surface in a direction in which the positive power is reduced. On the other hand, if the positive power is too weak, the angle of incidence on the image plane will be tight, and it is necessary to increase the positive power to some extent. Therefore, this aspherical surface should satisfy the following conditional expression.
[0073]
0.01 <| (r_3rs+ R_3ra) / (R_3rs-R_3ra) -1 | <100 (10)
Where r_3rsIs the radius of curvature on the optical axis on the image side of the third positive lens, r_3raIs the value when the difference from the radius of curvature on the optical axis changes most in the range inside the point where the chief ray of the maximum image height passes among the curvature radii considering the aspherical surface of the image side of the third positive lens. is there.
[0074]
If the upper limit of 100 in this conditional expression is exceeded, the aspherical effect will be too small to correct the distortion well, and if the lower limit of 0.01 is exceeded, the incident angle on the image plane will be increased.
[0075]
Preferably, the following conditional expression is satisfied.
[0076]
0.05 <| (r_3rs+ R_3ra) / (R_3rs-R_3ra) -1 | <10 (10-1)
More preferably, the following conditional expression is satisfied.
[0077]
0.1 <| (r_3rs+ R_3ra) / (R_3rs-R_3ra) -1 | <2.5 (10-2)
When a CCD is used for the image sensor, if the off-axis light beam emitted from the imaging optical system is incident at an excessively large angle with respect to the image plane, the brightness of the image changes between the image center and the image periphery. On the other hand, if the light is incident on the image plane at a small angle, this problem is reduced, but this time the total length of the optical system becomes large. Therefore, the following conditional expression should be satisfied.
[0078]
10 ° <α <40 ° (11)
Where α is the incident angle of the chief ray on the image plane at the maximum image height.
[0079]
If the upper limit of 40 ° of this conditional expression is exceeded, the incident angle to the CCD becomes too large, and the brightness of the peripheral portion of the image decreases. If the lower limit of 10 ° is exceeded, the total length becomes too large.
[0080]
Preferably, the following conditional expression is satisfied.
[0081]
15 ° <α <35 ° (11-1)
More preferably, the following conditional expression is satisfied.
[0082]
17.5 ° <α <25 ° (11-2)
The present invention includes an electronic imaging apparatus including any one of the above-described imaging optical systems and an electronic imaging device arranged on the image side.
[0083]
Another imaging apparatus according to the present invention includes, in order from the object side, an image forming optical system in which an aperture stop, a first positive meniscus lens having a convex surface facing the image side, a second negative lens, and a third positive lens are arranged in this order. The aperture stop shape through which the optical axis passes is fixed, and the outer peripheral surface of the aperture is positioned closer to the image plane side than the optical axis. It is characterized by being tilted at an inclination angle equal to or greater than the incident angle of the most off-axis light beam so as to approach.
[0084]
Explaining the operation of this configuration, when reflected light from the periphery of the aperture stop enters the imaging optical system, phenomena such as ghost and flare tend to occur. In particular, as in the present invention, in a small imaging optical system in which the aperture stop, the first positive lens, the second negative lens, and the third positive lens are arranged in this order from the object side, the imaging surface of the imaging element is also Therefore, the influence of the reflected light on the outer peripheral surface of the aperture stop becomes relatively large.
[0085]
Therefore, in the present invention, by utilizing the fact that the aperture stop is arranged closest to the object side, the most off-axis light beam is incident so that the outer peripheral surface of the aperture of the aperture stop approaches the optical axis toward the image plane side. It has a fixed shape that is inclined at an inclination angle greater than the angle.
[0086]
Such a configuration makes it difficult for the light beam reflected by the outer peripheral surface of the opening to be incident on the image sensor, and to reduce the effects of flare and ghost.
[0087]
Further, another imaging apparatus of the present invention is an image forming device in which an aperture stop, a first positive meniscus lens having a convex surface facing the image side, a second negative lens, and a third positive lens are arranged in this order from the object side. An optical system and an image pickup device arranged on the image side thereof, and a lens frame that holds the image forming optical system and the image pickup device and that integrally forms the brightness diaphragm with the same resin material. It is a feature.
[0088]
The operation of this configuration will be described. In the optical system of the present invention, the aperture stop is positioned closest to the object side. Therefore, each lens after the stop has a larger effective surface as the lens disposed on the image side. Become. Therefore, by integrally molding the lens frame for holding these lenses with the same resin that can be easily formed, the lens can be positioned by inserting the lens from the image surface side of the frame, so that the manufacturing is facilitated.
[0089]
At that time, by integrating the configuration of the aperture stop into the lens frame, the manufacturing process is greatly reduced, and by providing the lens frame itself with a holding function for the image sensor, dust is contained in the frame. It becomes possible to make the configuration difficult to enter.
[0090]
Further, the third imaging device of the present invention is an image forming device in which an aperture stop, a first positive meniscus lens having a convex surface facing the image side, a second negative lens, and a third positive lens are arranged in this order from the object side. An optical system and an image sensor arranged on the image side thereof, and a lens frame that holds the imaging optical system, and at least on the outer periphery of each of the first positive lens and the third positive lens, An inclined portion inclined to approach the optical axis is provided, and the inclined portion is in contact with the lens frame.
[0091]
The operation of this configuration will be described. In the optical system of the present invention, the aperture stop is positioned closest to the object side. Therefore, each lens after the stop has a larger effective surface as the lens disposed on the image side. Become. This is particularly noticeable with the first positive lens and the third positive lens. Therefore, the lens outer shape along the off-axis light beam is obtained by the above-described configuration, the size is reduced while suppressing the vignetting, and the lens can be positioned by inserting the lens from the image surface side of the frame, which facilitates manufacturing. .
[0092]
Furthermore, an inclined portion that is inclined so as to approach the optical axis toward the object side may be provided on the outer periphery of all the lenses, and the inclined portion may contact the lens frame.
[0093]
Further, the fourth imaging device of the present invention is an image forming device in which an aperture stop, a first positive meniscus lens having a convex surface facing the image side, a second negative lens, and a third positive lens are arranged in this order from the object side. An optical system and an image pickup device arranged on the image side thereof, including a lens frame that holds the imaging optical system, and the shape of the first positive lens is circular when viewed from the incident side; When the shape of the third positive lens is viewed from the incident side, the length in the direction corresponding to the short side direction of the effective imaging region of the image sensor is shorter than the length corresponding to the long side direction of the effective imaging region. It is a feature.
[0094]
The operation of this configuration will be described. In the optical system of the present invention, the aperture stop is positioned closest to the object side. Therefore, each lens after the stop has a larger effective surface as the lens disposed on the image side. Become. Further, the effective luminous flux approaches the shape of the effective imaging area of the imaging device toward the image plane side. Therefore, with the above-described configuration, a lens outer shape along the effective light beam is obtained, and the size can be reduced while suppressing vignetting.
[0095]
In addition, in common with each of the above conditional expressions, only the upper limit value of the lower conditional expression that limits each conditional expression range or only the lower limit value is limited as the upper limit value or lower limit value of the higher conditional expression. It may be.
[0096]
Moreover, the effect of this invention can be heightened more by combining the above conditional expressions arbitrarily.
[0097]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Examples 1 to 5 of the imaging optical system of the present invention will be described below. FIGS. 1 to 5 show lens cross-sectional views of Examples 1 to 5 when focusing on an object point at infinity, respectively. In the drawing, the aperture stop is indicated by S, the first positive lens is indicated by L1, the second negative lens is indicated by L2, the third positive lens is indicated by L3, the cover glass of the electronic image sensor is indicated by CG, and the image plane is indicated by I. In addition, you may give the multilayer film for wavelength range limitation to the surface of the cover glass CG. Further, the cover glass CG may have a low-pass filter function.
[0098]
As shown in FIG. 1, the imaging optical system of Embodiment 1 includes, in order from the object side, an aperture stop S, a double-sided aspherical first positive meniscus lens L1 with a convex surface facing the image side, and a biconcave double-sided non-side surface. The lens includes a spherical second negative lens L2, a biconvex double-sided aspherical third positive lens L3, and a cover glass CG. In this embodiment, the first lens L1 to the third lens L3 are all made of plastic, the first lens L1 and the third lens L3 are made of amorphous polyolefin ZEONEX (trade name), and the second lens L2 is made of polycarbonate. Yes.
[0099]
The specification of this example is a wide-angle optical system with a focal length f = 3.3 mm, an image height Ih = 2.4 mm, and a half angle of view ω = 36 °. In addition, each optical effective diameter (one side) of each lens is the second surface r.₂~ Seventh surface r₇In this order, they are 0.652 mm, 1.058 mm, 1.238 mm, 1.335 mm, 1.592 mm, and 1.844 mm.
[0100]
As shown in FIG. 2, the imaging optical system of Example 2 includes, in order from the object side, an aperture stop S, a double-sided aspherical first positive meniscus lens L1 with a convex surface facing the image side, and a biconcave double-sided non-surface. It includes a spherical second negative lens L2, a biconvex double-sided aspherical third positive lens L3, and a cover glass CG. In this embodiment, the first lens L1 and the second lens L2 are made of plastic, the third lens L3 is made of glass, the first lens L1 is made of amorphous polyolefin ZEONEX, and the second lens L2 is made of polycarbonate.
[0101]
The specification of this example is a wide-angle optical system with a focal length f = 3.3 mm, an image height Ih = 2.4 mm, and a half angle of view ω = 36 °. In addition, each optical effective diameter (one side) of each lens is the second surface r.₂~ Seventh surface r₇In this order, they are 0.653 mm, 0.966 mm, 1.129 mm, 1.271 mm, 1.627 mm, and 1.871 mm.
[0102]
As shown in FIG. 3, the imaging optical system of Example 3 includes, in order from the object side, the aperture stop S, the first aspherical positive meniscus lens L1 with the convex surface facing the image side, and the double-sided double-sided non-side surface. It includes a spherical second negative lens L2, a biconvex double-sided aspherical third positive lens L3, and a cover glass CG. In this embodiment, the first lens L1 is made of plastic, the second lens L2 and the third lens L3 are made of glass, and the first lens L1 is made of amorphous polyolefin ZEONEX.
[0103]
The specification of this example is a wide-angle optical system with a focal length f = 3.3 mm, an image height Ih = 2.4 mm, and a half angle of view ω = 36 °. In addition, each optical effective diameter (one side) of each lens is the second surface r.₂~ Seventh surface r₇In this order, they are 0.669 mm, 1.186 mm, 1.355 mm, 1.629 mm, 1.621 mm, and 1.741 mm.
[0104]
As shown in FIG. 4, the imaging optical system of Example 4 includes, in order from the object side, the aperture stop S, the first aspherical first positive meniscus lens L1 with the convex surface facing the image side, and the convex surface on the object side. And a double-sided aspheric second negative meniscus lens L2, a double-sided aspherical third meniscus lens L3 having a convex surface facing the object side, and a cover glass CG. In this embodiment, the first lens L1 to the third lens L3 are all made of plastic, the first lens L1 and the third lens L3 are made of amorphous polyolefin ZEONEX, and the second lens L2 is made of polycarbonate.
[0105]
The specification of this example is a wide-angle optical system with a focal length f = 3.3 mm, an image height Ih = 2.4 mm, and a half angle of view ω = 36 °. In addition, each optical effective diameter (one side) of each lens is the second surface r.₂~ Seventh surface r₇In this order, they are 0.635 mm, 1.032 mm, 1.335 mm, 1.249 mm, 1.278 mm, and 1.544 mm.
[0106]
As shown in FIG. 5, the imaging optical system of Example 5 includes, in order from the object side, an aperture stop S, a double-sided aspherical first positive meniscus lens L1 with a convex surface facing the image side, a double-concave double-sided surface. The lens includes a spherical second negative lens L2, a biconvex double-sided aspherical third positive lens L3, and a cover glass CG. In this embodiment, the first lens L1 to the third lens L3 are all made of plastic, the first lens L1 and the third lens L3 are made of amorphous polyolefin ZEONEX, and the second lens L2 is made of polycarbonate.
[0107]
The specification of this example is a wide-angle optical system with a focal length f = 3.3 mm, an image height Ih = 2.4 mm, and a half angle of view ω = 36 °. Further, each optical effective diameter (one side) of each lens is the second surface r.₂~ Seventh surface r₇In this order, they are 0.634 mm, 0.947 mm, 1.179 mm, 1.285 mm, 1.461 mm, and 1.749 mm.
[0108]
The numerical data of each of the above examples is shown below, but the symbols are the above, r₁, R₂... is the radius of curvature of each lens surface, d₁, D₂... is the distance between each lens surface, n_d1, N_d2... is the refractive index of d-line of each lens, ν_d1, Ν_d2... is the Abbe number of each lens. The aspherical shape is represented by the following formula, where x is an optical axis with the light traveling direction being positive, and y is a direction orthogonal to the optical axis.
[0109]
x = (y²/ R) / [1+ {1- (K + 1) (y / r)²}^1/2]
+ A_Foury^Four+ A₆y⁶+ A₈y⁸+ A_Teny^Ten
Where r is the radius of curvature on the optical axis, K is the cone coefficient, A_Four, A₆, A₈, A_TenAre the 4th, 6th, 8th and 10th order aspherical coefficients, respectively.
[0110]
Example 1
r₁= ∞ (aperture) d₁= 0.1500
r₂= -6.6854 (aspherical surface) d₂= 1.3215 n_d1 = 1.52542 ν_d1 = 55.78
r_Three= -0.7303 (aspherical surface) d_Three= 0.1459
r_Four= -30.0120 (aspherical surface) d_Four= 0.6000 n_d2 = 1.58423 ν_d2 = 30.49
r_Five= 0.7826 (aspherical surface) d_Five= 0.6381
r₆= 3.0717 (Aspherical surface) d₆= 1.1734 n_d3 = 1.52542 ν_d3 = 55.78
r₇= -3.9927 (Aspherical surface) d₇= 0.5000
r₈= ∞ d₈= 1.0000 n_d4 = 1.51633 ν_d4 = 64.10
r₉= ∞ d₉= 0.2812
r_Ten= ∞ (image plane)
Aspheric coefficient
Second side
K = -27.8001
A_Four = -1.7921 × 10^-1
A₆ = 2.8337 × 10^-1
A₈ = -1.0853
A_Ten= 8.9415 × 10^-1
Third side
K = -2.9582
A_Four = -1.4120 × 10^-1
A₆ = 2.7136 x10^-3
A₈ = -3.8084 x10^-3
A_Ten= -1.4846 × 10^-2
4th page
K = 0
A_Four = 3.3297 x10^-2
A₆ = -3.4902 × 10^-2
A₈ = 1.8527 × 10^-2
A_Ten= -2.0576 × 10^-3
5th page
K = -4.8798
A_Four = -1.8292 × 10^-2
A₆ = 4.0871 × 10^-2
A₈ = -2.4150 x10^-2
A_Ten= 5.4240 x10^-3
6th page
K = 0
A_Four = -7.1823 × 10^-2
A₆ = 2.6857 x10^-2
A₈ = -4.1832 × 10^-3
A_Ten= -4.5583 x10^-Four
7th page
K = -35.0647
A_Four = -4.3006 × 10^-2
A₆ = 1.6318 x10^-2
A₈ = -1.5380 x10^-3
A_Ten= -4.1595 × 10^-Four                                              .
[0111]
Example 2
r₁= ∞ (aperture) d₁= 0.1500
r₂= -11.2515 (aspherical surface) d₂= 1.0585 n_d1 = 1.52542 ν_d1 = 55.78
r_Three= -0.7488 (aspherical surface) d_Three= 0.1029
r_Four= -10.6642 (aspherical surface) d_Four= 0.6000 n_d2 = 1.58423 ν_d2 = 30.49
r_Five= 0.8605 (aspherical surface) d_Five= 0.6195
r₆= 4.8797 (aspherical surface) d₆= 1.1406 n_d3 = 1.65160 ν_d3 = 58.50
r₇= -3.7876 (aspherical surface) d₇= 0.5000
r₈= ∞ d₈= 1.0000 n_d4 = 1.51633 ν_d4 = 64.10
r₉= ∞ d₉= 0.4690
r_Ten= ∞ (image plane)
Aspheric coefficient
Second side
K = 2.0583
A_Four = -1.9830 x10^-1
A₆ = 1.8892 × 10^-1
A₈ = -9.9116 x10^-1
A_Ten= 7.9724 × 10^-1
Third side
K = -3.0167
A_Four = -1.8704 × 10^-1
A₆ = -3.0791 × 10^-2
A₈ = 8.4573 × 10^-2
A_Ten= -9.1810 × 10^-2
4th page
K = 0
A_Four = -2.2863 × 10^-2
A₆ = 5.3472 x10^-2
A₈ = 2.1013 × 10^-3
A_Ten= -1.1119 x10^-2
5th page
K = -5.5091
A_Four = -5.6563 × 10^-3
A₆ = 3.3297 x10^-2
A₈ = -6.8881 × 10^-3
A_Ten= -1.7940 × 10^-3
6th page
K = 0
A_Four = -4.4850 x10^-2
A₆ = 2.5395 x10^-2
A₈ = -7.4272 × 10^-3
A_Ten= 6.7279 × 10^-Four
7th page
K = -21.8659
A_Four = -3.2435 × 10^-2
A₆ = 1.3768 x10^-2
A₈ = -2.4795 × 10^-3
A_Ten= -8.2440 × 10^-Five                                              .
[0112]
Example 3
r₁= ∞ (aperture) d₁= 0.1500
r₂= -9.6637 (aspherical surface) d₂= 1.7096 n_d1 = 1.52542 ν_d1 = 55.78
r_Three= -0.7070 (aspherical surface) d_Three= 0.1410
r_Four= -5.3549 (Aspherical surface) d_Four= 0.6000 n_d2 = 1.70514 ν_d2 = 41.20
r_Five= 0.9397 (aspherical surface) d_Five= 0.5132
r₆= 8.2853 (aspherical surface) d₆= 1.0344 n_d3 = 1.58913 ν_d3 = 61.20
r₇= -1.9020 (aspherical surface) d₇= 0.5000
r₈= ∞ d₈= 2.0000 n_d4 = 1.51633 ν_d4 = 64.14
r₉= ∞ d₉= 0.3328
r_Ten= ∞ (image plane)
Aspheric coefficient
Second side
K = 0
A_Four = -9.9322 × 10^-2
A₆ = 2.1958 × 10^-1
A₈ = -7.8548 × 10^-1
A_Ten= 8.3313 × 10^-1
Third side
K = -3.2352
A_Four = -1.3113 × 10^-1
A₆ = 5.7473 × 10^-2
A₈ = -3.8798 × 10^-2
A_Ten= 1.4136 x10^-2
4th page
K = 12.4633
A_Four = 1.7636 × 10^-2
A₆ = -5.3676 × 10^-2
A₈ = 3.4664 × 10^-2
A_Ten= -4.4294 × 10^-3
5th page
K = -8.4376
A_Four = -6.5555 × 10^-2
A₆ = 4.5259 x10^-2
A₈ = -2.4528 × 10^-2
A_Ten= 3.5103 x10^-3
6th page
K = 0
A_Four = -1.5802 × 10^-1
A₆ = 1.2860 x10^-1
A₈ = -3.9408 × 10^-2
A_Ten= 3.1658 × 10^-3
7th page
K = -2.5549
A_Four = -3.2613 × 10^-2
A₆ = -2.0838 × 10^-2
A₈ = 2.3457 × 10^-2
A_Ten= -4.0787 × 10^-3                                              .
[0113]
Example 4
r₁= ∞ (aperture) d₁= 0.1500
r₂= -3.7560 (aspherical surface) d₂= 1.1970 n_d1 = 1.52542 ν_d1 = 55.78
r_Three= -0.7727 (aspherical surface) d_Three= 0.1000
r_Four= 6.2100 (Aspherical surface) d_Four= 0.6000 n_d2 = 1.58423 ν_d2 = 30.49
r_Five= 0.9511 (aspherical surface) d_Five= 0.5038
r₆= 4.5116 (Aspherical surface) d₆= 0.7107 n_d3 = 1.52542 ν_d3 = 55.78
r₇= 29.5761 (aspherical surface) d₇= 0.7000
r₈= ∞ d₈= 1.0000 n_d4 = 1.51633 ν_d4 = 64.14
r₉= ∞ d₉= 0.3371
r_Ten= ∞ (image plane)
Aspheric coefficient
Second side
K = 1.8547
A_Four = -1.9182 x10^-1
A₆ = 1.5418 x10^-1
A₈ = -6.5395 × 10^-1
A_Ten= 5.0643 × 10^-1
Third side
K = -2.9572
A_Four = -1.5178 x10^-1
A₆ = -1.5283 × 10^-2
A₈ = 5.6949 × 10^-2
A_Ten= -5.1828 × 10^-2
4th page
K = 0
A_Four = 5.6577 × 10^-2
A₆ = 3.2526 × 10^-2
A₈ = -1.9586 x10^-2
A_Ten= 2.2295 × 10^-3
5th page
K = -6.2752
A_Four = 4.2023 × 10^-2
A₆ = 4.1358 × 10^-2
A₈ = 4.5499 x10^-3
A_Ten= -9.1887 × 10^-3
6th page
K = 0
A_Four = -3.9926 × 10^-2
A₆ = 3.5414 x10^-2
A₈ = -1.9119 x10^-2
A_Ten= 2.5213 x10^-3
7th page
K = 0
A_Four = 4.4096 x10^-2
A₆ = -1.3953 × 10^-2
A₈ = -1.1535 x10^-3
A_Ten= -1.3319 × 10^-Four                                              .
[0114]
Example 5
r₁= ∞ (aperture) d₁= 0.1500
r₂= -4.2723 (aspherical surface) d₂= 0.9859 n_d1 = 1.52542 ν_d1 = 55.78
r_Three= -0.7970 (aspherical surface) d_Three= 0.2057
r_Four= -20.1610 (aspherical surface) d_Four= 0.6000 n_d2 = 1.58423 ν_d2 = 30.49
r_Five= 0.9497 (aspherical surface) d_Five= 0.4803
r₆= 4.6739 (aspherical surface) d₆= 1.2757 n_d3 = 1.52542 ν_d3 = 55.78
r₇= -2.3387 (aspherical surface) d₇= 1.0000
r₈= ∞ d₈= 1.0000 n_d4 = 1.51633 ν_d4 = 64.10
r₉= ∞ d₉= 0.1430
r_Ten= ∞ (image plane)
Aspheric coefficient
Second side
K = 22.5176
A_Four = -1.8700 x10^-1
A₆ = 2.8089 × 10^-1
A₈ = -1.1438
A_Ten= 9.2846 x10^-1
Third side
K = -2.5781
A_Four = -1.5623 × 10^-1
A₆ = -7.6367 × 10^-2
A₈ = 9.3334 × 10^-2
A_Ten= -8.7816 × 10^-2
4th page
K = 0
A_Four = -5.1907 × 10^-3
A₆ = 8.8894 × 10^-Four
A₈ = 1.7568 x10^-2
A_Ten= -3.6261 x10^-3
5th page
K = -5.2062
A_Four = 4.3573 × 10^-3
A₆ = 1.1495 x10^-2
A₈ = -1.2427 × 10^-2
A_Ten= 4.9772 × 10^-3
6th page
K = 0
A_Four = -4.4377 × 10^-2
A₆ = 4.4915 × 10^-2
A₈ = -1.6658 × 10^-2
A_Ten= 8.7133 × 10^-Four
7th page
K = -5.5015
A_Four = -2.6667 × 10^-2
A₆ = 5.1523 x10^-3
A₈ = 5.8435 × 10^-3
A_Ten= -2.1188 × 10^-3                                              .
[0115]
Aberration diagrams when focusing on infinity in Examples 1 to 5 are shown in FIGS. In these aberration diagrams, “SA” indicates spherical aberration, “AS” indicates astigmatism, “DT” indicates distortion, and “CC” indicates lateral chromatic aberration. In each aberration diagram, “ω” indicates a half angle of view.
[0116]
Next, the values of the conditions (1) to (11) in the above embodiments will be shown.
[0117]
Conditional Example Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5
(1) -0.37 -0.39 -0.40 -0.20 -0.49
(2) -0.13 0.13 0.63 -1.36 0.33
(3) 0.46 0.44 0.17 0.77 0.34
(4) 0.25 0.18 0.11 0.21 0.20
(5) 0.18 0.20 0.37 -0.026 0.34
(6) 1.5254 1.6516 1.5891 1.5254 1.5254
(7) 1.25 1.14 1.16 1.52 1.46
(8) -0.54 -0.56 -0.45 -0.82 -0.64
(9) 2.68 3.82 2.12 5.18 6.12
(10) 7.61 24.86 3.90 7.55 9.10
(11) 20.0 ° 19.2 ° 20.0 ° 33.0 ° 20.0 °.
[0118]
Although each of the above embodiments is small, good images are obtained as shown in the aberration diagrams of FIGS.
[0119]
Here, in the present invention, the maximum image height Ih on the image plane is defined as one half of the diagonal length L of the effective imaging region (substantially rectangular) of the imaging device. When the field frame is arranged as a means for defining the imaging region, the field frame diagonal length L is ½, and when an imaging element such as a solid-state imaging element is arranged, the diagonal of the effective imaging region is used. One half of the length L.
[0120]
Accordingly, the diagonal length L and the pixel interval a of the effective imaging surface (effective imaging area) when the imaging recording medium is an electronic imaging element such as a CCD will be described. FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a pixel array of the image sensor, and R (red), G (green), and B (blue) pixels are arranged in a mosaic pattern at a pixel interval a. The effective image pickup surface means a region in the photoelectric conversion surface on the image pickup element used for reproduction (display on a personal computer, printing by a printer, etc.) of a taken image. The effective image pickup surface shown in the figure is set to a region narrower than the entire photoelectric conversion surface of the image pickup device in accordance with the performance of the optical system (image circle that can ensure the performance of the optical system). The diagonal length L of the effective imaging surface is the diagonal length of this effective imaging surface. It should be noted that the imaging range used for image reproduction may be variously changed. However, when the imaging optical system of the present invention is used in an imaging apparatus having such a function, the diagonal length L of the effective imaging surface changes. . In such a case, the diagonal length L of the effective imaging surface that defines the maximum image height Ih in the present invention is the maximum value in a range that L can take.
[0121]
FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining the diagonal length of the field frame when the field frame is arranged on the imaging surface of an electronic image sensor such as a CCD. When an image is formed on an electronic imaging device such as a CCD, the effective imaging area is determined by the opening of the field frame immediately before the imaging surface. Here, the shape of the field frame may be changed variously. However, as in the case of FIG. 9, the diagonal length L of the effective imaging surface that defines the maximum image height Ih in the present invention is a range that L can take. The maximum value at.
[0122]
In the embodiment of the present invention described above, a cover glass may be disposed immediately before the aperture stop S.
[0123]
In the above embodiments of the present invention, the lens made of plastic may be made of glass. For example, it is needless to say that higher performance can be achieved by using a glass having a higher refractive index than the plastic of any of the embodiments. Needless to say, the use of special low dispersion glass is effective in correcting chromatic aberration. In particular, when it is made of plastic, it is preferable to use a low moisture-absorbing material because performance deterioration due to environmental changes is reduced (for example, ZEONEX (trade name) manufactured by ZEON Corporation).
[0124]
Further, a flare stop other than the brightness stop S may be arranged in order to cut unnecessary light such as ghost and flare. In the above embodiment, any one between the aperture stop S and the first lens L1, between the first lens L1 and the second lens L2, between the second lens L2 and the third lens L3, and between the third lens L3 and the image plane I. A flare stop may be arranged at the location. Further, the flare beam may be cut by the frame, or the flare stop may be formed by using another member. Further, it may be printed directly on the optical system, painted, or bonded with a seal or the like. Further, the shape may be any shape such as a circle, an ellipse, a rectangle, a polygon, or a range surrounded by a function curve. Further, not only the harmful light flux but also the light flux such as coma flare around the screen may be cut.
[0125]
Each lens may be provided with an antireflection coating to reduce ghost and flare. A multi-coat is desirable because it can effectively reduce ghosts and flares. Moreover, you may perform an infrared cut coat on a lens surface, a cover glass, etc.
[0126]
Further, focusing may be performed to adjust the focus. Focusing may be performed by extending the entire lens system, or a part of the lenses may be extended, or focusing may be performed by retraction.
[0127]
Further, the brightness decrease in the peripheral portion of the image may be reduced by shifting the micro lens of the CCD. For example, the design of the CCD microlens may be changed in accordance with the incident angle of the light beam at each image height. Further, the amount of decrease in the peripheral portion of the image may be corrected by image processing.
[0128]
FIG. 13 shows the light of the imaging optical system 5 in a configuration example in which the imaging optical system 5 of the first embodiment and the CCD 6 arranged on the image plane I are fixed to a lens frame 7 integrally molded with a resin material. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken in a diagonal direction of the image plane I of the CCD 6 including an axis, and the aperture stop S is integrally formed with a resin lens frame 7. In this way, it is easy to manufacture the lens frame 7 that holds the imaging optical system 5. Also, by integrating the configuration of the aperture stop S with the lens frame 7, the manufacturing process is greatly reduced, and the lens frame 7 itself is provided with a holding function for the CCD 6 of the image pickup device, so that the lens frame It becomes difficult for garbage etc. to enter 7.
[0129]
Further, as apparent from FIG. 13, the outer periphery 8 of each of the first positive lens L1, the second negative lens L2, and the third positive lens L3 of the imaging optical system 5 is inclined so as to approach the optical axis toward the object side. By providing the inclined surface and allowing the lens frame 7 to contact and fix the inclined surface, the lenses L1 to L3 can be dropped into the lens frame 7 from the image surface side to be positioned and fixed.
[0130]
Further, as shown in a schematic exploded perspective view in FIG. 14, the shape of the first positive lens L1 of the imaging optical system held in the lens frame 7 formed of plastic is the first positive lens L1 and the second negative lens. The lens L2 has a circular shape when viewed from the incident side, and the third positive lens L3 has an oval shape in which an upper portion and a lower portion are cut based on a circular lens. And the outer periphery 8 of each lens L1-L3 inclines to the aperture_diaphragm | restriction S side. The inner surface of the lens frame 7 is also formed to be inclined corresponding to the inclination.
[0131]
In this way, the shape of the first positive lens L1 is circular when viewed from the incident side, and the shape of the third positive lens L3 is the direction corresponding to the short side direction of the effective imaging region of the CCD 6 of the image sensor when viewed from the incident side. The first positive lens L1, the second negative lens L2, and the third positive lens L3 of the imaging optical system are made effective by making the length of the lens shorter than the length corresponding to the long side direction of the effective imaging region. The lens outer shape along the light beam can be obtained, and the size can be reduced while suppressing vignetting. In this example as well, the inclined surfaces of the outer periphery 8 of each of the first positive lens L1, the second negative lens L2, and the third positive lens L3 of the imaging optical system 5 are contacted and fixed in the lens frame 7. By doing so, the lenses L1 to L3 can be dropped into the lens frame 7 from the image plane side and positioned and fixed.
[0132]
Further, as shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 13, it is desirable that the peripheral surface of the aperture of the aperture stop S is inclined to the lens L1 side. In addition, since the inclination angle is large and the corner portion on the most lens side substantially serves as a diaphragm, the light beam reflected by the outer peripheral surface of the aperture portion of the aperture stop S hardly enters the CCD 6 of the image sensor. Thus, the influence of flare and ghost can be reduced.
[0133]
By the way, in each above-mentioned Example, you may give a near-infrared sharp cut coat to the entrance plane side of cover glass CG as mentioned above. This near-infrared sharp cut coat is configured such that the transmittance at a wavelength of 600 nm is 80% or more and the transmittance at a wavelength of 700 nm is 10% or less. Specifically, it is a multilayer film composed of the following 27 layers, for example. However, the design wavelength is 780 nm.
[0134]

[0135]
The transmittance characteristics of the near infrared sharp cut coat are as shown in FIG.
[0136]
Further, by providing a color filter that reduces transmission of colors in the short wavelength region as shown in FIG. 16 or coating on the exit surface side of the low-pass filter, the color reproducibility of the electronic image is further improved. Yes.
[0137]
Specifically, with this filter or coating, the ratio of the transmittance of the wavelength of 420 nm to the transmittance of the wavelength having the highest transmittance at a wavelength of 400 nm to 700 nm is 15% or more, and 400 nm to the transmittance of the highest wavelength. It is preferable that the ratio of the transmittances of the wavelengths is 6% or less.
[0138]
Thereby, it is possible to reduce the difference between the recognition of the color of the human eye and the color of the image to be captured and reproduced. In other words, it is possible to prevent deterioration of the image due to the human eye easily recognizing a short wavelength color that is difficult to be recognized by human vision.
[0139]
If the ratio of the transmittance at the wavelength of 400 nm exceeds 6%, the short wavelength castle which is difficult to be recognized by the human eye is regenerated to a wavelength that can be recognized. Conversely, the ratio of the transmittance at the wavelength of 420 nm is reversed. If the value is smaller than 15%, the reproduction of the wavelength castle that can be recognized by humans becomes low, and the color balance becomes poor.
[0140]
Such means for limiting the wavelength is more effective in an imaging system using a complementary color mosaic filter.
[0141]
In each of the above embodiments, as shown in FIG. 16, the coating has a transmittance of 0% at a wavelength of 400 nm, a transmittance of 90% at 420 nm, and a transmittance peak of 100% at 440 nm.
[0142]
By multiplying the action with the above-mentioned near infrared sharp cut coat, the transmittance at 400 nm is peaked at 99%, the transmittance at 400 nm is 0%, the transmittance at 420 nm is 80%, and the transmittance at 600 nm is 82%. The transmittance at 700 nm is 2%. As a result, more faithful color reproduction is performed.
[0143]
The low-pass filter can be used by superimposing three types of filters with crystal axes in the horizontal (= 0 °) and ± 45 ° directions when projected on the image plane in the optical axis direction. Can be suppressed by shifting by SQRT (1/2) × a horizontally in the direction of a μm and ± 45 °. Here, SQRT is a square route and means a square root.
[0144]
Also, on the image pickup surface I of the CCD, as shown in FIG. 17, a complementary color mosaic filter is provided in which four color filters of cyan, magenta, yellow, and green are provided in a mosaic pattern corresponding to the image pickup pixels. ing. These four types of color filters are arranged in a mosaic so that each of them has approximately the same number and adjacent pixels do not correspond to the same type of color filter. Thereby, more faithful color reproduction becomes possible.
[0145]
Specifically, the complementary color mosaic filter is composed of at least four types of color filters as shown in FIG. 17, and the characteristics of the four types of color filters are preferably as follows.
[0146]
Green color filter G has wavelength G_PHas a peak of spectral intensity,
Yellow color filter Y_eIs the wavelength Y_PHas a peak of spectral intensity,
Cyan color filter C has wavelength C_PHas a peak of spectral intensity,
Magenta color filter M has wavelength M_P1And M_P2And satisfy the following conditions.
[0147]
510nm <G_P<540 nm
5nm <Y_P-G_P<35nm
−100 nm <C_P-G_P<-5nm
430 nm <M_P1<480nm
580 nm <M_P2<640nm
Further, the green, yellow, and cyan color filters have an intensity of 80% or more at a wavelength of 530 nm with respect to each spectral intensity peak, and the magenta color filter has an intensity of 10% at a wavelength of 530 nm. From the viewpoint of improving the color reproducibility, it is more preferable that the strength is 50% to 50%.
[0148]
FIG. 18 shows an example of each wavelength characteristic in each of the above embodiments. The green color filter G has a spectral intensity beak at 525 nm. Yellow color filter Y_eHas a spectral intensity peak at 555 nm. The cyan color filter C has a spectral intensity peak at 510 nm. The magenta color filter M has peaks at 445 nm and 620 nm. Each color filter at 530 nm has a G of 99% and Y_e95%, C 97%, M 38%.
[0149]
In the case of such a complementary color filter, the following signal processing is performed electrically with a controller (not shown) (or a controller used in a digital camera),
Luminance signal
Y = | G + M + Y_e+ C | × 1/4
Color signal
R−Y = | (M + Y_e)-(G + C) |
B−Y = | (M + C) − (G + Y_e) ｜
The signal is converted into R (red), G (green), and B (blue) signals.
[0150]
By the way, the arrangement position of the above-mentioned near infrared sharp cut coat may be any position on the optical path. The number of low-pass filters may be two or one.
[0151]
In the image pickup apparatus of the present invention, for adjusting the light amount, a variable aperture that is adjusted by configuring the aperture stop S with a plurality of aperture blades and making the aperture shape variable may be used. FIG. 19 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the aperture shape at the time of opening, and FIG. 20 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the aperture shape at the time of two-stage aperture. 19 and 20, OP indicates the optical axis, Da indicates six diaphragm plates, and Xa and Xb indicate openings. In the present invention, the aperture shape of the aperture can be set to only two types: an open state (FIG. 19) and an aperture value (a two-stage aperture, FIG. 20) with an F value that satisfies a predetermined condition.
[0152]
Or, using a turret provided with a plurality of fixed-shaped brightness stops with different shapes or transmittances, depending on the required brightness, place any brightness stop on the object-side optical axis of the imaging optical system. With the arrangement, the diaphragm mechanism can be thinned. In addition, a configuration in which a light amount reduction filter having a transmittance lower than the transmittance of other aperture stops is arranged in the aperture that reduces the amount of light most among the apertures of the aperture stops arranged on the turret. Good. Accordingly, the aperture diameter of the diaphragm is not excessively narrowed, and deterioration of the imaging performance due to diffraction that occurs due to the small aperture diameter of the diaphragm can be suppressed.
[0153]
FIG. 21 is a perspective view showing a configuration of an example in this case. Brightness can be adjusted in 0, −1, −2, −3, and −4 stages at the position of the stop S on the optical axis on the object side of the first positive lens L1 of the imaging optical system. A turret 10 is arranged.
[0154]
The turret 10 has an opening 1A (a transmittance of 100% for a wavelength of 550 nm) having a circular aperture with a maximum aperture diameter and a fixed aperture of 0 stage, and an opening of the opening 1A for -1 stage correction. An opening 1B made of a transparent parallel plate having a fixed opening shape having an opening area that is about half the area (the transmittance for the wavelength of 550 nm is 99%), a circular opening having the same area as the opening 1B, and −2 steps In order to correct to -3 and -4 stages, apertures 1C, 1D, and 1E provided with ND filters having transmittances of 50%, 25%, and 13% for a wavelength of 550 nm, respectively, are provided.
[0155]
The light quantity is adjusted by arranging one of the apertures at the aperture position by turning around the rotation shaft 11 provided in the turret 10.
[0156]
Moreover, it can replace with the turret 10 shown in FIG. 21, and the turret 10 'shown in the front view of FIG. 22 can be used. Brightness can be adjusted in 0, −1, −2, −3, and −4 stages at the position of the stop S on the optical axis on the object side of the first positive lens L1 of the imaging optical system. A turret 10 'is arranged.
[0157]
The turret 10 ′ has an opening shape for adjusting the zero stage having a circular and fixed opening 1 A ′ having a maximum aperture diameter, and an opening area that is about half of the opening area of the opening 1 A ′ for −1 stage correction. The opening 1B ′ having a fixed opening shape and the opening areas 1C ′, 1D ′, and 1E ′ having fixed shapes for the correction to the −2 step, the −3 step, and the −4 step are further reduced in order. Have.
[0158]
The light quantity is adjusted by arranging any opening at the stop position by turning around the rotation shaft 11 provided in the turret 10 '.
[0159]
In order to reduce the thickness, the aperture of the aperture stop S may be an aperture having a fixed shape and position, and the light amount adjustment may be performed by electrically adjusting an output signal from the image sensor. Alternatively, the light amount may be adjusted by inserting and removing an ND filter between other spaces in the lens system, for example, the third positive lens L3 and the CCD cover glass CG. FIG. 23 is a diagram showing an example of this. The opening 1A ″ of the turret 10 ″ is a through surface or hollow opening, the opening 1B ″ is an ND filter having a transmittance of 1/2, and the opening 1C ″ is a transmittance of 1/4. The ND filter, aperture 1D ″ is a turret-shaped filter provided with an ND filter having a transmittance of 1/8, and any aperture is arranged at any position in the optical path by rotation around the central rotation axis. To adjust the light intensity.
[0160]
Further, as a filter for adjusting the light amount, a filter surface capable of adjusting the light amount so as to suppress unevenness in the light amount may be provided. For example, as shown in FIG. 24, the light intensity is centered concentrically so that the transmittance is made uniform by giving priority to securing the light intensity at the center for dark subjects, and the brightness unevenness is compensated only for bright subjects. It is good also as a structure which arrange | positions the filter which falls so much.
[0161]
Further, as the diaphragm S, the peripheral portion on the incident surface side of the first positive lens L1 may be painted black.
[0162]
When the imaging apparatus according to the present invention stores an image as a still image like a camera or the like, a shutter for adjusting the amount of light may be disposed in the optical path.
[0163]
As such a shutter, a focal plane shutter, a rotary shutter, or a liquid crystal shutter disposed immediately before the CCD may be used, or the aperture stop itself may be configured as a shutter.
[0164]
FIG. 25 shows an example of a shutter. FIG. 25 shows an example of a rotary focal plane shutter which is one of the focal plane shutters. FIG. 25 (a) is a view seen from the back side, and FIG. 25 (b) is a view seen from the front side. is there. A shutter substrate 15 is arranged immediately before the image plane or at an arbitrary optical path position. The substrate 15 is provided with an opening 16 that transmits an effective light beam of the optical system. Reference numeral 17 denotes a rotary shutter curtain. Reference numeral 18 denotes a rotary shaft of the rotary shutter curtain 17. The rotary shaft 18 rotates with respect to the substrate 15 and is integrated with the rotary shutter curtain 17. The rotating shaft 18 is connected to gears 19 and 20 on the surface of the substrate 15. The gears 19 and 20 are connected to a motor (not shown).
[0165]
In such a configuration, the rotary shutter curtain 17 is configured to rotate about the rotation shaft 18 via the gears 19 and 20 and the rotation shaft 18 by driving a motor (not shown).
[0166]
The rotary shutter curtain 17 is formed in a substantially semicircular shape and shields and retreats the opening 16 of the substrate 15 by rotation, thereby serving as a shutter. The shutter speed is adjusted by changing the rotating speed of the rotary shutter curtain 17.
[0167]
FIGS. 26A to 26D are views of the rotary shutter curtain 17 rotating from the image plane side. It moves in the order of (a), (b), (c), (d), and (a) in the figure with time.
[0168]
As described above, the aperture stop S with a fixed shape and a filter or shutter that adjusts the amount of light are placed at different positions in the lens system. In addition, an imaging apparatus capable of reducing the overall length of the lens system can be obtained.
[0169]
Further, a configuration may be adopted in which electrical control is performed so as to obtain a still image by extracting a part of the electrical signal of the CCD without using a mechanical shutter. One example of such a configuration will be described with reference to FIGS. 27 and 28 while explaining the operation of CCD imaging. FIG. 27 is an explanatory diagram of an operation of CCD imaging in which signals are sequentially read out by an interlace method (interlaced scanning method). In FIG. 27, Pa to Pc are photosensitive sections using photodiodes, Va to Vc are vertical transfer sections using CCD, and Ha is a horizontal transfer section using CCD. The A field indicates an odd field, and the B field indicates an even field.
[0170]
In the configuration of FIG. 27, the basic operation is performed as follows. That is, (1) signal charge accumulation (photoelectric conversion) by light in the photosensitive part, (2) signal charge shift (field shift) from the photosensitive part to the vertical transfer part, and (3) signal charge in the vertical transfer part. Transfer (vertical transfer), (4) transfer of signal charges from the vertical transfer unit to the horizontal transfer unit (line shift), (5) transfer of signal charges in the horizontal transfer unit (horizontal transfer), (6) horizontal transfer unit The signal charge is detected (detected) at the output terminal. Such sequential reading can be performed using either the A field (odd field) or the B field (even field).
[0171]
In the interlaced (interlaced scanning) CCD imaging of FIG. 27, the accumulation timing of the A field and the B field is shifted by 1/60 in the TV broadcast system and the analog video system. If this is used as it is as a DSC (Digital Spectral Compatible) image to form a frame image, blurring like a double image occurs in the case of a moving subject. Therefore, in this type of CCD imaging, the A and B fields are simultaneously exposed to mix the signals of adjacent fields. Then, after the fluorescent light is illuminated at the end of exposure with a mechanical shutter, the A field and the B field are read out separately to synthesize signals.
[0172]
In the present invention, the mechanical shutter functions only for smear prevention and only the A field is sequentially read out, or the A and B fields are simultaneously mixed readout. The high-speed shutter can be released regardless of the shutter speed (because it can be controlled only with an electronic shutter). In the example of FIG. 27, since the number of CCDs in the vertical transfer unit is half of the number of photodiodes constituting the photosensitive unit, there is an advantage that the size can be easily reduced.
[0173]
FIG. 28 is a diagram for explaining the operation of CCD imaging in which sequential readout of signals is performed in a progressive manner. In FIG. 28, Pd to Pf are photosensitive portions using photodiodes, Vd to Vf are vertical transfer portions by CCD, and Hb is a horizontal transfer portion by CCD.
[0174]
In FIG. 28, since reading can be performed in the pixel arrangement order, it is possible to electronically control all charge accumulation and reading operations. Therefore, the exposure time can be shortened to about (1/10000 seconds). In the example of FIG. 28, the number of vertical CCDs is larger than in the case of FIG. 27, and there is a disadvantage that downsizing is difficult. However, because of the advantages as described above, in the present invention, FIGS. Any of these methods can be employed.
[0175]
The imaging apparatus of the present invention as described above is an imaging apparatus that forms an object image with an imaging optical system and receives the image with an imaging element such as a CCD, and in particular, a digital camera, video camera, information processing It can be used for personal computers, telephones, and especially mobile phones that are convenient to carry. The embodiment is illustrated below.
[0176]
FIGS. 29 to 31 are conceptual diagrams of a configuration in which the imaging optical system according to the present invention is incorporated in a photographing optical system 41 of a digital camera. 29 is a front perspective view showing the appearance of the digital camera 40, FIG. 30 is a rear perspective view thereof, and FIG. 31 is a sectional view showing the configuration of the digital camera 40. In this example, the digital camera 40 includes a photographing optical system 41 having a photographing optical path 42, a finder optical system 43 having a finder optical path 44, a shutter 45, a flash 46, a liquid crystal display monitor 47, and the like. When the shutter 45 disposed in the position is pressed, photographing is performed through the photographing optical system 41, for example, the imaging optical system of the first embodiment in conjunction therewith. An object image formed by the photographing optical system 41 is formed on the imaging surface of the CCD 49 through a cover glass CG provided with a near-infrared cut coat and having a low-pass filter function. The object image received by the CCD 49 is displayed as an electronic image on the liquid crystal display monitor 47 provided on the back of the camera via the processing means 51. Further, the processing means 51 is connected to a recording means 52 so that a photographed electronic image can be recorded. The recording means 52 may be provided separately from the processing means 51, or may be configured to perform recording / writing electronically using a floppy disk, memory card, MO, or the like. Further, it may be configured as a silver salt camera in which a silver salt film is arranged in place of the CCD 49.
[0177]
Further, a finder objective optical system 53 is disposed on the finder optical path 44. The object image formed by the finder objective optical system 53 is formed on the field frame 57 of the Porro prism 55 which is an image erecting member. Behind this polyprism 55 is an eyepiece optical system 59 that guides the erect image to the observer eyeball E. Cover members 50 are disposed on the incident side of the photographing optical system 41 and the objective optical system 53 for the viewfinder and on the exit side of the eyepiece optical system 59, respectively.
[0178]
The digital camera 40 configured as described above can achieve high performance and downsizing since the photographing optical system 41 is high performance and small.
[0179]
In the example of FIG. 31, a parallel plane plate is disposed as the cover member 50, but a lens having power may be used.
[0180]
Next, a personal computer which is an example of an information processing apparatus in which the imaging optical system of the present invention is incorporated as an objective optical system is shown in FIGS. 32 is a front perspective view with the cover of the personal computer 300 opened, FIG. 33 is a sectional view of the photographing optical system 303 of the personal computer 300, and FIG. 34 is a side view of the state of FIG. As shown in FIGS. 32 to 34, a personal computer 300 includes a keyboard 301 for a writer to input information from the outside, information processing means and recording means not shown, and a monitor for displaying information to the operator. 302 and a photographing optical system 303 for photographing the operator himself and surrounding images. Here, the monitor 302 may be a transmissive liquid crystal display element that is illuminated from the back by a backlight (not shown), a reflective liquid crystal display element that reflects and displays light from the front, a CRT display, or the like. In the drawing, the photographic optical system 303 is built in the upper right of the monitor 302, but is not limited to that location, and may be anywhere around the monitor 302 or the keyboard 301.
[0181]
The photographing optical system 303 has an objective lens 112 including an imaging optical system (abbreviated in the drawing) according to the present invention and an image pickup element chip 162 that receives an image on a photographing optical path 304. These are built in the personal computer 300.
[0182]
Here, a cover glass CG having a low-pass filter function is additionally attached on the image pickup element chip 162 to be integrally formed as an image pickup unit 160, and can be touched at the rear end of the lens frame 113 of the objective lens 112 with one touch. Since it can be fitted and attached, it is not necessary to align the center of the objective lens 112 and the image pickup element chip 162 and to adjust the surface interval, and the assembly is simplified. A cover glass 114 for protecting the objective lens 112 is disposed at the tip of the lens frame 113.
[0183]
The object image received by the image sensor chip 162 is input to the processing means of the personal computer 300 via the terminal 166 and is displayed on the monitor 302 as an electronic image. FIG. A captured image 305 is shown. The image 305 can also be displayed on the personal computer of the communication partner from a remote location via the processing means, the Internet, or the telephone.
[0184]
Next, FIG. 35 shows a telephone which is an example of an information processing apparatus in which the imaging optical system of the present invention is built in as a photographing optical system, particularly a portable telephone which is convenient to carry. 35A is a front view of the mobile phone 400, FIG. 35B is a side view, and FIG. 35C is a cross-sectional view of the photographing optical system 405. As shown in FIGS. 35A to 35C, the mobile phone 400 includes a microphone unit 401 that inputs an operator's voice as information, a speaker unit 402 that outputs the voice of the other party, and an operator who receives information. An input dial 403 for inputting information, a monitor 404 for displaying information such as a photographed image and a telephone number of the operator and the other party, a photographing optical system 405, an antenna 406 for transmitting and receiving communication radio waves, and an image And processing means (not shown) for processing information, communication information, input signals, and the like. Here, the monitor 404 is a liquid crystal display element. In the drawing, the arrangement positions of the respective components are not particularly limited to these. The photographing optical system 405 includes an objective lens 112 including an imaging optical system (abbreviated in the drawing) according to the present invention disposed on a photographing optical path 407, and an image sensor chip 162 that receives an object image. These are built in the mobile phone 400.
[0185]
Here, a cover glass CG having a low-pass filter function is additionally attached on the image pickup element chip 162 to be integrally formed as an image pickup unit 160, and can be touched at the rear end of the lens frame 113 of the objective lens 112 with one touch. Since it can be fitted and attached, it is not necessary to align the center of the objective lens 112 and the image pickup element chip 162 and to adjust the surface interval, and the assembly is simplified. A cover glass 114 for protecting the objective lens 112 is disposed at the tip of the lens frame 113.
[0186]
The object image received by the imaging element chip 162 is input to the processing means (not shown) via the terminal 166 and displayed as an electronic image on the monitor 404, the monitor of the communication partner, or both. . Further, when transmitting an image to a communication partner, the processing means includes a signal processing function for converting information of an object image received by the image sensor chip 162 into a signal that can be transmitted.
[0187]
Each of the embodiments described above can be variously modified in accordance with the configuration of the claims.
[0188]
In the present invention, an imaging optical system and an image pickup apparatus using the same can be configured as follows.
[0189]
[1] In order from the object side, an aperture stop, a first positive meniscus lens having a convex toward the image side, a second negative lens, and a third positive lens are arranged in this order, and satisfy the following conditional expression: Imaging optical system.
[0190]
−0.8 <(r_3f+ R_3r) / (R_3f-R_3r<0.15 (2-6)
Where r_3fIs the radius of curvature on the optical axis of the object side surface of the third positive lens, r_3rIs the curvature radius on the optical axis of the image side surface of the third positive lens.
[0191]
[2] In order from the object side, an aperture stop, a first positive meniscus lens having a convex toward the image side, a second negative lens, and a third positive lens are arranged in this order, and satisfy the following conditional expression: Imaging optical system.
[0192]
0.1 <r_2r/ R_3f<0.23 (4-3)
Where r_2rIs the radius of curvature on the optical axis of the image side surface of the second negative lens, r_3fIs the radius of curvature on the optical axis of the object side surface of the third positive lens.
[0193]
[3] The aperture stop, the first positive meniscus lens having the convex toward the image side, the second negative lens, and the third positive lens are arranged in this order from the object side, and satisfy the following conditional expression: Imaging optical system.
[0194]
−0.15 <r_1r/ R_3r<0.35 (5-2)
Where r_1rIs the radius of curvature on the optical axis of the image side surface of the first positive lens, r_3rIs the curvature radius on the optical axis of the image side surface of the third positive lens.
[0195]
[4] An imaging optical system in which an aperture stop, a first positive lens, a second negative lens, and a third positive meniscus lens having a convex surface facing the object side are arranged in this order from the object side.
[0196]
[5] In order from the object side, the aperture stop, the imaging optical system arranged in the order of the first positive meniscus lens having the convex surface facing the image side, the second negative lens, and the third positive lens, and the image side The aperture stop has a fixed aperture shape through which the optical axis passes, and the outermost surface of the aperture is arranged so that the outer peripheral surface of the aperture is closer to the optical axis toward the image plane side. An imaging apparatus characterized by being inclined at an inclination angle greater than the incident angle of the light beam.
[0197]
[6] In order from the object side, the aperture stop, the first positive meniscus lens with the convex surface facing the image side, the second negative lens, the imaging optical system arranged in this order, and the image side An image pickup apparatus, comprising: a lens frame that has an arranged image pickup element, holds the imaging optical system and the image pickup element, and integrally forms the brightness diaphragm with the same resin material.
[0198]
[7] In order from the object side, the aperture stop, the first positive meniscus lens having a convex surface facing the image side, the second negative lens, the imaging optical system arranged in this order, and the image side A lens frame that holds the imaging optical system, and is inclined at least on the outer periphery of each of the first positive lens and the third positive lens so as to approach the optical axis toward the object side. An imaging apparatus comprising an inclined portion, wherein the inclined portion is in contact with the lens frame.
[0199]
[8] In order from the object side, the aperture stop, the first positive meniscus lens with the convex surface facing the image side, the second negative lens, the imaging optical system arranged in this order, and the image side The first positive lens has a circular shape when viewed from the incident side, and the third positive lens has a shape. An image pickup apparatus characterized in that a length in a direction corresponding to a short side direction of an effective image pickup area of the image pickup element is shorter than a length corresponding to a long side direction of the effective image pickup area when viewed from the incident side.
[0200]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a high-performance, compact, wide-angle imaging optical system having a half angle of view of about 35 ° and a small-sized, high-performance imaging device using the same.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a lens cross-sectional view of an imaging optical system according to a first embodiment of the present invention when focusing on an object point at infinity.
2 is a lens cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 1 of the imaging optical system of Example 2. FIG.
3 is a lens cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 1 of the imaging optical system of Example 3. FIG.
4 is a lens cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 1 of the imaging optical system of Example 4. FIG.
5 is a lens cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 1 of the imaging optical system of Example 5. FIG.
FIG. 6 is an aberration diagram for Example 1 upon focusing on an object point at infinity.
FIG. 7 is an aberration diagram for Example 2 upon focusing on an object point at infinity.
8 is an aberration diagram for Example 3 upon focusing on an object point at infinity. FIG.
FIG. 9 is an aberration diagram for Example 4 upon focusing on an object point at infinity.
10 is an aberration diagram for Example 5 upon focusing on an object point at infinity. FIG.
FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining a diagonal length L of an effective imaging surface that defines a maximum image height Ih when imaging is performed with an imaging device.
FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining a diagonal length L of an effective imaging surface that defines a maximum image height Ih when a field frame is arranged on an imaging surface of an imaging element.
13 is a cross-sectional view of a configuration example in which the imaging optical system of Example 1 and a CCD disposed on the image plane are fixed to a lens frame integrally formed of a resin material. FIG.
FIG. 14 is a schematic exploded perspective view in the case where the third positive lens of the imaging optical system has an oval shape.
FIG. 15 is a diagram showing transmittance characteristics of an example of a near-infrared sharp cut coat.
FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating a transmittance characteristic of an example of a color filter provided on the emission surface side of the low-pass filter.
FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating a color filter arrangement of a complementary color mosaic filter.
FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of wavelength characteristics of a complementary color mosaic filter.
FIG. 19 is a diagram showing that the aperture shape of the aperture is in an open state.
FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a state where the aperture shape of the diaphragm is a two-stage diaphragm.
FIG. 21 is a perspective view showing a configuration of an imaging optical system according to the present invention in which a turret provided with a plurality of fixed-shape brightness stops having different shapes and transmittances is disposed.
22 is a front view showing another turret instead of the turret shown in FIG. 21. FIG.
FIG. 23 is a diagram showing another turret-shaped light amount adjustment filter that can be used in the present invention.
FIG. 24 is a diagram illustrating an example of a filter that suppresses unevenness in the amount of light.
FIGS. 25A and 25B are a rear view and a front view showing an example of a rotary focal plane shutter. FIGS.
FIG. 26 is a diagram illustrating a state where a rotary shutter curtain of the shutter of FIG. 25 rotates.
FIG. 27 is an explanatory diagram of the operation of interlaced CCD imaging.
FIG. 28 is a diagram for explaining the operation of progressive CCD imaging.
FIG. 29 is a front perspective view showing the appearance of a digital camera incorporating the imaging optical system according to the present invention.
30 is a rear perspective view of the digital camera of FIG. 29. FIG.
31 is a cross-sectional view of the digital camera of FIG. 29. FIG.
FIG. 32 is a front perspective view in which a cover of a personal computer in which the imaging optical system according to the present invention is incorporated as an objective optical system is opened.
FIG. 33 is a cross-sectional view of a photographing optical system of a personal computer.
34 is a side view of the state of FIG. 32. FIG.
FIG. 35 is a front view, a side view, and a sectional view of the photographing optical system of a mobile phone in which the imaging optical system according to the present invention is incorporated as an objective optical system.
[Explanation of symbols]
S ... Brightness stop
L1 ... 1st positive lens
L2 ... Second negative lens
L3 ... Third positive lens
CG ... Cover glass
I: Image plane
OP ... Optical axis
Da ... Aperture plate
Xa, Xb ... opening
Pa to Pf: photosensitive part
Va to Vf: Vertical transfer unit
Ha, Hb ... Horizontal transfer section
E ... Observer eyeball
1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 1E ... Opening
1A ', 1B', 1C ', 1D', 1E '... opening
1A ", 1B", 1C ", 1D" ... opening
5. Imaging optical system
6 ... CCD
7 ... Lens frame
8 ... Lens outer periphery
10 ... Turret
10 '... Turret
10 "... Turret
11 ... Rotating shaft
15 ... Shutter substrate
16 ... opening
17 ... Rotary shutter curtain
18 ... Rotating shaft
19, 20 ... Gear
40 ... Digital camera
41. Photography optical system
42. Optical path for photographing
43. Viewfinder optical system
44. Optical path for viewfinder
45 ... Shutter
46 ... Flash
47 ... LCD monitor
49 ... CCD
50. Cover member
51. Processing means
52. Recording means
53. Objective optical system for viewfinder
55 ... Porro prism
57 ... View frame
59 ... Eyepiece optical system
112 ... Objective lens
113 ... Mirror frame
114 ... cover glass
160: Imaging unit
162. Image sensor chip
166 ... Terminal
300 ... PC
301 ... Keyboard
302 ... Monitor
303 ... Shooting optical system
304: Optical path for photographing
305 ... Image
400 ... mobile phone
401: Microphone unit
402: Speaker unit
403 ... Input dial
404 ... Monitor
405 ... Shooting optical system
406 ... Antenna
407: Photography optical path

Claims (26)

Imaging optics characterized in that, in order from the object side, an aperture stop, a first positive meniscus lens having a convex surface facing the image side, a second negative lens, and a third positive lens are arranged in this order and satisfy the following conditional expression: system.
−0.55 <f ₂ / f ₃ <−0.1 (1)
Here, f ₂ is the focal length of the second negative lens, and f ₃ is the focal length of the third positive lens.   The imaging optical system according to claim 1, wherein the first positive meniscus lens or the third positive lens is made of plastic.   The imaging optical system according to claim 2, wherein the second negative lens is made of plastic.   3. The imaging optical system according to claim 2, wherein the plastic is made of an amorphous polyolefin material.   4. The imaging optical system according to claim 3, wherein the plastic of the second negative lens is made of a polycarbonate material. The imaging optical system according to claim 1, wherein the following conditional expression is satisfied.
−0.5 <f ₂ / f ₃ <−0.15 (1-1) Imaging optics characterized in that, in order from the object side, an aperture stop, a first positive meniscus lens having a convex surface facing the image side, a second negative lens, and a third positive lens are arranged in this order and satisfy the following conditional expression: system.
−2.0 <(r _3f + r _3r ) / (r _3f −r _3r ) <0.85 (2)
0.1 <β ₃ <1.0 (3)
Where r _3f is the curvature radius on the optical axis of the object side surface of the third positive lens, r _3r is the curvature radius on the optical axis of the image side surface of the third positive lens, and β ₃ is the lateral magnification of the third positive lens. 8. The imaging optical system according to claim 7, wherein the third positive lens has a biconvex shape having both-sides positive power and satisfies the following conditional expression.
−0.95 <(r _3f + r _3r ) / (r _3f −r _3r ) <0.85
... (2-2) 8. The imaging optical system according to claim 7, wherein the third positive lens has a meniscus shape that is convex on the object side, and satisfies the following conditional expression.
−2.0 <(r _3f + r _3r ) / (r _3f −r _3r ) <− 1.0 (2-4) The imaging optical system according to claim 7, wherein the following conditional expression is satisfied.
0.2 <β ₃ <0.8 (3-1) The imaging optical system according to claim 1, wherein the following conditional expression is satisfied.
0.1 <r _2r / r _3f <1.0 (4)
Here, r _2r is the curvature radius on the optical axis of the image side surface of the second negative lens, and r _3f is the curvature radius on the optical axis of the object side surface of the third positive lens. The imaging optical system according to claim 11, wherein the following conditional expression is satisfied.
0.1 <r _2r / r _3f <0.5 (4-1) The imaging optical system according to claim 1, wherein the following conditional expression is satisfied.
−0.25 <r _1r / r _3r <0.6 (5)
Here, r _1r is the curvature radius on the optical axis of the image side surface of the first positive lens, and r _3r is the curvature radius on the optical axis of the image side surface of the third positive lens. The imaging optical system according to claim 13, wherein the following conditional expression is satisfied.
−0.2 <r _1r / r _3r <0.45 (5-1) The imaging optical system according to claim 1, wherein the following conditional expression is satisfied.
1.40 <n ₃ <1.66 (6)
Here, n ₃ is the refractive index of the third positive lens. The imaging optical system according to claim 15, wherein the following conditional expression is satisfied.
1.45 <n ₃ <1.60 (6-1) The imaging optical system according to claim 1, wherein the following conditional expression is satisfied.
1.0 <(r _1f + r _1r ) / (r _1f −r _1r ) <2.5 (7)
Here, r _1f is the curvature radius on the optical axis of the object side surface of the first positive lens, and r _1r is the curvature radius on the optical axis of the image side surface of the first positive lens. The imaging optical system according to claim 17, wherein the following conditional expression is satisfied.
1.0 <(r _1f + r _1r ) / (r _1f −r _1r ) <1.7 (7-1) The imaging optical system according to claim 11, wherein the following conditional expression is satisfied.
−1.0 <f ₂ /Ih<−0.05 (8)
Here, f ₂ is the focal length of the second negative lens, and Ih is the maximum image height. 20. The imaging optical system according to claim 1, wherein at least the object-side surface of the third positive lens is an aspherical surface and satisfies the following conditional expression.
_{0.01 <| (r 3fs + r} 3fa) / (r 3fs -r 3fa) -1 | <100
... (9)
However, r _3fs Point third positive lens optical axis on the radius of curvature at the object side surface of the, r _3fa is the maximum image height of the principal ray in the radius of curvature in consideration of the non-spherical surface of the object side surface of the third positive lens passes This is the value when the difference from the radius of curvature on the optical axis changes most in the inner range. The imaging optical system according to claim 20, wherein the following conditional expression is satisfied.
0.05 <| (r _2fs + r _2fa ) / (r _2fs −r _2fa ) −1 | <10
... (9-1) The imaging optical system according to any one of claims 1 to 21, wherein at least an image side surface of the third positive lens is an aspherical surface and satisfies the following conditional expression.
_{0.01 <| (r 3rs + r} 3ra) / (r 3rs -r 3ra) -1 | <100
···(Ten)
However, r _3RS the point on the optical axis of curvature of the image side surface of the third positive lens radius, r _3ra is the maximum image height of the principal ray in the radius of curvature in consideration of the non-spherical surface of the image side surface of the third positive lens passes This is the value when the difference from the radius of curvature on the optical axis changes most in the inner range. The imaging optical system according to claim 22, wherein the following conditional expression is satisfied.
_{0.05 <| (r 3rs + r} 3ra) / (r 3rs -r 3ra) -1 | <10
... (10-1) 24. An imaging optical system according to claim 1, wherein the following conditional expression is satisfied.
10 ° <α <40 ° (11)
Where α is the incident angle of the chief ray on the image plane at the maximum image height. The imaging optical system according to claim 24, wherein the following conditional expression is satisfied.
15 ° <α <35 ° (11-1)   An electronic imaging apparatus comprising: the imaging optical system according to any one of claims 1 to 25; and an electronic imaging device disposed on an image side thereof.

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