JP4291993B2 - Acrylic film and its laminate - Google Patents
Acrylic film and its laminate Download PDFInfo
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- JP4291993B2 JP4291993B2 JP2002300664A JP2002300664A JP4291993B2 JP 4291993 B2 JP4291993 B2 JP 4291993B2 JP 2002300664 A JP2002300664 A JP 2002300664A JP 2002300664 A JP2002300664 A JP 2002300664A JP 4291993 B2 JP4291993 B2 JP 4291993B2
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- Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は特定のアクリルフィルム及びアクリルフィルム積層品、特に射出成形によるアクリルフィルム積層品に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
プラスチック、金属製品等の表面を加飾する方法として、直刷り法や転写法がある。しかし、直刷り法は複雑な形状を有する成形品には不適であり、転写法ではコストが高いという課題があった。低コストで加飾性を付与する方法として、アクリル樹脂などのフィルムを真空成形等により予め形状を付与した、または付与しない状態で、射出成形金型にインサートし基材樹脂を射出成形するフィルムインモールド成形法がある。この用途に適したアクリル系フィルムについて種々提案されている。例えば、可塑性重合体の還元粘度、ゴム含有重合体の粒子径、ゴム含有量などを規定する方法(特許文献1)、アクリル系重合体の還元粘度、多層構造アクリル系重合体の含有量を規定する方法(特許文献2及び3)が知られている。これらのフィルムは表面硬度、透明性やフィルム成形性が優れていることが知られている。
【0003】
しかしながら、フィルムの応力白化の課題については何も記載されていない。すなわち、これらフィルムは本用途において、複雑な形状の成形品にフィルムを積層する場合、コーナー等に応力が集中するためフィルムが白化しやすくなり、商品価値を著しく低下させる。更には、真空成形等により予め形状を付与した、または付与しなかったフィルムを用いたフィルムインモールド成形法により得られたフィルム積層品に対して、仕上げ工程で端部のバリを切断する際にフィルムにクラック(割れ)が発生する等の課題があった。
【0004】
【特許文献1】
特開平8−323934号公報
【0005】
【特許文献2】
特開平10−279766号公報
【0006】
【特許文献3】
特開平10−306192号公報
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
そこで、本発明者らは応力白化が生じないフィルムを開発すべく鋭意検討した結果、特定のアクリル酸エステル系ゴム状重合体を用いた特定組成のグラフト層を有するアクリル系グラフト共重合体とメタクリル系重合体とからなる樹脂組成物から得られるフィルムが、応力白化が少なく、表面硬度も高く、透明性に優れ且つ加熱後の透明性にも優れ、耐候性に優れ、引張破断伸びも大きく、更に成形性、表面性にも優れることを見出し、本発明に至った。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、(A)アクリル酸エステル系ゴム状重合体を含むアクリル系グラフト共重合体と(B)メタクリル酸メチルを80重量%以上含有するメタクリル系重合体とからなり、任意に無機又は有機系の顔料、染料、熱や光に対する安定性を更に向上させるための抗酸化剤、熱安定剤、紫外線吸収剤、紫外線安定剤からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を添加してもよい樹脂組成物(C)であって、
(1)アクリル酸エステル系ゴム状重合体の含有量が5〜25重量%、
(2)アクリル酸エステル系ゴム状重合体の平均粒子径が50〜200nm、
(3)上記アクリル酸エステル系ゴム状重合体の平均粒子径d(nm)とアクリル酸エステル系ゴム状重合体に用いられる架橋剤アリルメタクリレート(AIMA)の量w(重量%)との関係が次式を満たし、
0.03d≦w≦0.06d
(4)アクリル系グラフト共重合体(A)が、アクリル酸エステル系ゴム状重合体に第1段階でメタクリル酸エステルを86重量%以上含有する単量体混合物をグラフト重合させ、第2段階でメタクリル酸エステルを85重量%以下含有する単量体混合物をグラフト重合させたもので、かつ
(5)樹脂組成物(C)のメチルエチルケトン可溶分の還元粘度が0.2〜0.8dl/g
である樹脂組成物を成形してなるアクリルフィルムである。
本発明の積層品は、前記アクリルフィルムを積層したものである。前記積層品は射出成形により製造されたアクリルフィルム積層品である。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明で用いられる樹脂組成物(C)は、アクリル酸エステル系ゴム状重合体を含むアクリル系グラフト共重合体(A)とメタクリル酸メチルを80重量%以上含有するメタクリル系重合体(B)とかなるものであり、アクリル系グラフト共重合体(A)とメタクリル系重合体(B)をそれぞれ重合してこれを混合して得ることができるが、製造に際しては同一の反応機でアクリル系グラフト共重合体(A)を製造した後、メタクリル系重合体(B)を続けて製造することも出来る。混合する方法としてはラテックス状あるいはパウダー、ビーズ、ペレット等で混合が可能である。
【0010】
本発明で用いられるアクリル系グラフト共重合体(A)はアクリル酸エステル系ゴム状重合体(アクリル酸エステルを主成分とした架橋ゴム状重合体)の存在下に、第1段階でメタクリル酸エステルを86重量%以上含有する単量体混合物をグラフト重合させ、第2段階でメタクリル酸エステルを85重量%以下含有する単量体混合物をグラフト重合して得られる。
【0011】
本発明で用いられるアクリル酸エステル系ゴム状重合体は、アクリル酸エステル60〜99重量%、共重合可能な他のビニル系単量体0〜30重量%および特定量の共重合可能な架橋剤からなる単量体混合物を重合させてなるものである。単量体混合物を全部混合して使用してもよく、また単量体組成を変化させて2段以上で使用してもよい。
【0012】
アクリル酸エステルは60〜99重量%が好ましく、80〜99重量%がより好ましく、85〜99重量%が最も好ましい。60重量%以下では耐衝撃性が低下し、引張破断時の伸びが低下し、フィルム切断時にクラックが生じやすくなるため好ましくない。ここで用いられるアクリル酸エステルとしては、重合性やコストの点よりアルキル基の炭素数1〜12のものを用いることができる。その具体例としては、例えばアクリル酸メチル、アクリル酸エチル、アクリル酸プロピル、アクリル酸ブチル、アクリル酸2−エチルヘキシル、アクリル酸n−オクチル等があげられ、これらはの単量体は2種以上併してもよい。
【0013】
共重合可能な他のビニル系単量体としては、耐候性、透明性の点より、メタクリル酸エステル類が特に好ましく、その具体例としては、例えばメタクリル酸メチル、メタクリル酸エチル、メタクリル酸プロピル、メタクリル酸ブチル等があげられる。また、芳香族ビニル類も好ましく、その具体例としてはスチレン、メチルスチレン等があげられ、シアン化ビニル類も好ましく、その具体例としてはアクリロニトリル、メタクリロニトリル等があげられる。
【0014】
共重合可能な架橋剤の量は、アクリル酸エステル系ゴム状重合体の平均粒子径と共に応力白化、引張破断時の伸びあるいは透明性に大きく影響する。すなわち、アクリル酸エステル系ゴム状重合体の平均粒子径d(nm)と架橋剤量w(重量%)が次式を満たすことが重要である。
【0015】
0.03d≦w≦0.06d
ゴム状重合体の平均粒子径は、50〜200nmであり、好ましくは50〜180nm、より好ましくは50〜150nm、最も好ましくは60〜120nmである。50nm以下では耐衝撃性が低下し、引張破断時の伸びが低下し、フィルム切断時にクラックが生じやすくなるため好ましくなく、200nm以上では応力白化が生じやすく、透明性が低下し、更に真空成形後の透明性が低下するため好ましくない。
【0016】
架橋剤の量は、上記式に示される範囲が好ましく、この範囲外では応力白化が生じ、耐衝撃性が低下し、引張破断時の伸びが低下しフィルム切断時にクラックが生じやすく、透明性が低下し、フィルムの成形性が悪化するため好ましくない。この目的で用いられる架橋剤は通常使用されるものでよく、例えばアリルメタクリレート、アリルアクリレート、トリアリルシアヌレート、トリアリルイソシアヌレート、ジアリルフタレート、ジアリルマレート、ジビニルアジペート、ジビニルベンゼン、エチレングリコールジメタクリレート、ジエチレングリコールメタクリレート、トリエチレングリコールジメタクリレート、トリメチルロールプロパントリメタクリレート、テトラメチロールメタンテトラメタクリレート、ジプロピレングリコールジメタクリレートおよびこれらのアクリレート類などを使用することができる。これらの架橋剤は2種以上使用してもよい。
【0017】
本発明で用いられるアクリル系グラフト共重合体(A)は、前記アクリル酸エステル系ゴム状重合体の存在下で第1段階でメタクリル酸エステルを86重量%以上含有する単量体混合物をグラフト重合させ、第2段階でメタクリル酸エステルを85重量%以下含有する単量体混合物をグラフト重合させて得られる。好ましくは、前記アクリル酸エステル系ゴム状重合体5〜75重量部の存在下に、メタクリル酸エステルを主成分とする単量体混合物95〜25重量部を少なくとも2段階以上で重合させることより得られる。グラフト共重合組成(単量体混合物)中のメタクリル酸エステルは50重量%以上が好ましい。50重量%以下では得られるフィルムの硬度、剛性が低下するため好ましくない。グラフト共重合に用いられる単量体としては、メタクリル酸エステル、アクリル酸エステルであり、具体例としては前記アクリル酸エステル系ゴム状重合体に使用したものが使用可能である。
【0018】
第1段階でグラフト重合される単量体混合物中に含有されるメタクリル酸エステルは86重量%以上であり、好ましくは88重量%以上であり、より好ましくは90重量%以上である。第2段階でグラフト重合される単量体混合物中に含有されるメタクリル酸エステルは85重量%以下であり、好ましくは83重量%以下であり、より好ましくは80重量%以下である。第1段階でメタクリル酸エステルを86重量%以下含有する単量体混合物をグラフト重合させ、第2段階でメタクリル酸エステルを85重量%以上含有する単量体混合物をグラフト重合させたものでは、応力白化が生じやすくなるため好ましくない。
【0019】
この際、アクリル酸エステル系ゴム状重合体にグラフト反応せずに未グラフトの重合体となる成分が生じる。この成分は共重合体(B)の一部または全部を構成する。グラフト共重合体はメチルエチルケトンに不溶となる。アクリル酸エステル系ゴム状重合体に対するグラフト率は30〜200%で、より好ましくは50〜200%、最も好ましくは80〜200%の範囲である。グラフト率が30%以下では透明性が低下し、引張破断時の伸びが低下し、フィルム切断時にクラックが生じやすくなるため好ましくなく、200%以上ではフィルム成形時の溶融粘度が高くなり、フィルムの成形性が低下するため好ましくない。
【0020】
本発明で用いられるメタクリル系重合体(B)は、メタクリル酸メチルを80重量%以上含有するものであり、好ましくは90重量%以上含有するもの、より好ましくは92重量%以上含有するものである。メタクリル酸メチルが80重量%以下では、得られるフィルムの硬度、剛性が低下するため好ましくない。
【0021】
本発明で用いられる樹脂組成物(C)中のアクリル酸エステル系ゴム状重合体の含有量は5〜25重量%が好ましく、10〜23重量%がより好ましい。5重量%以下では得られるフィルムの引張破断時の伸びが低下し、応力白化が生じやすくなるため好ましくない。25重量%以上では得られるフィルムの硬度、剛性が低下するため好ましくない。
【0022】
本発明で用いられる樹脂組成物(C)のメチルエチルケトン可溶分の還元粘度は0.2〜0.8dl/gである。0.2dl/g以下では得られるフィルムの引張破断時の伸びが低下し、耐溶剤性が低下して好ましくなく、0.8dl/g以上ではフィルムの成形性が低下するため好ましくない。
【0023】
本発明で用いられる樹脂組成物(C)のアクリル系グラフト共重合体(A)とメタクリル系重合体(B)の製造方法は特に限定されたものではなく、乳化重合法、懸濁重合法、塊状重合法等が適用可能である。
【0024】
乳化重合法においては、通常の重合開始剤が使用される。具体例としては、例えば過硫酸カリウム、過硫酸ナトリウムなどの無機過酸化物や、クメンハイドロパーオキサイド、ベンゾイルパーオキサイドなどの有機過酸化物、更にアゾビスイソブチロニトリルなどの油溶性開始剤も使用される。これらは単独または2種以上を組合せて用いられる。これらの開始剤は亜硫酸ナトリウム、チオ硫酸ナトリウム、ナトリウムホルムアルデヒド、スルフォキシレート、アスコロビン酸、硫酸第一鉄などの還元剤と組み合わせた通常のレドックス型重合開始剤として使用してもよい。前記乳化重合に使用される界面活性剤にも特に制限はなく、通常の乳化重合用の界面活性剤であれば使用することが出来る。例えば、アルキル硫酸ソーダ、アルキルスルフォン酸ソーダ、アルキルベンデンスルフォン酸ソーダ、ジオクチルスルホコハク酸ナトリウム、ラウリン酸ソーダなどの陰イオン性界面活性剤や、アルキルフェノール類とエチレンオキサイドとの反応生成物などの非イオン性界面活性剤などが示される。これらの界面滑性剤は単独で用いてもよく、2種以上併用してもよい。このように得られる共重合体ラテックスから、通常の凝固と洗浄により、またはスプレー乾燥、凍結乾燥などによる処理により樹脂組成物が分離、回収される。
【0025】
本発明で得られる樹脂組成物(C)は特にフィルムとして有効であり、例えば通常の溶融押出法であるインフレーション法やTダイ押出法、あるいはカレンダー法、更には溶剤キャスト法等により良好に加工される。フィルムの厚みは、30〜500μm程度が適当であり、50〜300μmがより好ましい。また、必要に応じ、樹脂組成物(C)をフィルム状に成形する際、フィルム両面をロールまたは金属ベルトに同時に接触させることにより、特にガラス転移温度以上の温度に加熱したロールまたは金属ベルトに同時に接触させることにより、表面性のより優れたフィルムを得ることも可能である。
【0026】
本発明の樹脂組成物(C)には、着色のため無機又は有機系の顔料、染料、熱や光に対する安定性を更に向上させるための抗酸化剤、熱安定剤、紫外線吸収剤、紫外線安定剤などを単独又は2種以上組み合わせて添加してもよい。
【0027】
本発明のフィルムを用いた積層品の製造方法は特に制限されるものではないが、特公昭63−6339号、特公平4−9647号、特開平7−9484号、特開平8−323934号、特開平10−279766号等に記載の方法と同様なフィルムインモールド成形法により製造することが好ましい。すなわち、真空成形等により予め形状を付与した、または付与しなかったフィルムを、射出成形金型間に挿入し、フィルムを挟んだ状態で金型を閉じ型締めし、基材樹脂の射出成形を行うことにより、射出された基材樹脂成形体の表面にフィルムを溶融一体化させることが好ましい。その際、樹脂温度、射出圧力等の射出成形条件は、基材樹脂の種類等を勘案して適宜設定される。
【0028】
本発明で得られるアクリル積層品を構成する基材樹脂は、アクリルフィルムと溶融接着可能なものであることが必要であり、例えばABS樹脂、AS樹脂、スチレン樹脂、ポリカーボネート樹脂、塩化ビニル樹脂、アクリル樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、あるいはこれらを主成分とする樹脂が挙げられる。
【0029】
【実施例】
以下に実施例、比較例により本発明を説明するが、本発明は実施例に限定されるものではない。なお、実施例、比較例にある「部」は重量部、「%」は重量%を表す。また、略号はそれぞれ下記の物質を表す。
【0030】
OSA:ソジウムジオクチルスルホサクネシート
BA:アクリル酸ブチル
MMA:メタクリル酸メチル
AlMA:アリルメタクリレート
CHP:キュメンハイドロパーオキサイド
tDM:ターシャリードデシルメルカプタン
EA:アクリル酸エチル
特性評価は次の方法、条件に従った。
(アクリル酸エステル系ゴム状重合体の平均粒子径)
フィルムをルテニウム染色し、透過型電子顕微鏡で観察し、500個の粒子径を測定した。
(グラフト率G)
参考例で製造したパウダーを、メチルエチルケトンに溶解させ、不溶分と可溶分に分離し、不溶分をグラフト分として次式より求めた(単位:%)。
G=(不溶分の重量−ゴム状重合体の重量)/ゴム状重合体の重量×100
(還元粘度)
フィルムをメチルエチルケトンに溶解させ、可溶分を0.3%、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミドで30℃で測定した(単位:dl/g)。
(引張り強度、破断時の伸び)
フィルムをJIS号型ダンベルに打抜き、23℃でオートグラフ(株式会社島津製作所製)を用いて引張スピード50mm/分のスピードで測定した(単位:引張強度はMPa、引張破断時の伸びは%)。
(透明性)
フィルムを用い曇値をJIS K 6714に従って測定した(単位:%)。
(鉛筆硬度)
フィルムを用いJIS K 5400に従って測定した。
(フィルムの成形性)
フィルム成形を3時間行い、状況を観察し次の評価をした。
○:フィルムの厚みが均一で、切れずに成形できる。
×:フィルムの厚みが不均一またはフィルム切れが発生する。
(フィルムの表面性)
1m2広さのフィルムの表面を観察し次の評価をした。
○:フィッシュアイ、ダイライン、ヤケが殆ど認められない。
△:フィッシュアイ、ダイライン、ヤケのいずれかが認められる。
×:フィッシュアイ、ダイライン、ヤケのいずれかが著しい。
(応力白化)
フィルムを23℃で180度折り曲げて、白化状態を観察し次の評価をした。
○:白化が認められない。
△:白化がわずか認められる。
×:白化が著しい。
(加熱後の透明性)
フィルムを160℃で1分間加熱した後の曇価をJIS K 6714に従って測定し、加熱前後の曇価の差を次の評価をした。
○:加熱前後の曇価の差が0.5未満である。
△:加熱前後の曇価の差が0.5以上から1.0未満である。
×:加熱前後の曇価の差が1.0以上である。
【0031】
(参考例1)
撹拌機付き8L重合機に次の物質を仕込んだ。
水 200部
ソジウムオクチルスルホサクシネート 0.2部
エチレンジアミン・2Na 0.001部
硫酸第一鉄 0.00025部
ソジウムホルムアルデヒドスルフォキシレート 0.15部
脱酸素後、内温を60℃にした後、表1に示した単量体混合物(a)を10部/時間の割合で連続的に滴下し、その後30分間後重合を行いアクリル酸エステル系ゴム状重合体を得た。重合転化率は99.5%であった。その後、ソジウムオクチルスルホサクシネート0.2部を仕込んだ後、表1に示した単量体混合物(b)を12部/時間の割合で連続的に滴下し、その後1時間後重合を行い、アクリル系グラフト共重合体(A)を得た。重合転化率は99.0%、グラフト率は135%、メチルエチルケトン可溶分の還元粘度は0.35dl/gであった。得られたラテックスを酢酸カルシウムで塩析凝固し、水洗、乾燥して樹脂粉末を得た。還元粘度、グラフト率を測定し表1に示した。
【0032】
(参考例2〜9)
参考例2、3、4、5、6、7、8及び9も表1に示す処方で参考例1と同様にして製造した。還元粘度、グラフト率を測定し表1に示した。
【0033】
(参考例10)
同様に乳化重合でMMA92%、BA8%の単量体混合物を用い共重合体を製造した。得られたメタクリル酸エステル系共重合体の還元粘度は0.36dl/gであった。
【0034】
(参考例11)
懸濁重合で製造したMMA−EA共重合体(住友化学株式会社製スミペックスEX:MMA約95%、EA約5%からなる共重合体、還元粘度0.30dl/g)を用いた。
【0035】
【表1】
【0036】
(実施例1)
参考例1で得られた重合体100部に対し、紫外線吸収剤としてチヌビン1577(チバスペシャルケミカル社製)1.5部及び酸化防止剤としてスミライザーGM(住友化学株式会社製)0.3部を混合し、ベント式押出機で220℃で押出ペレットを得た。得られたペレットをTダイ押出機でダイス温度240℃で成形し、100μm厚みのフィルムを得た。このフィルムを用いて種々の物性を評価した。結果を表2に示した。
【0037】
(実施例2〜6及び比較例1〜5)
実施例2、3、4、5、6及び比較例1、2、3、4、5も実施例1と同様に表2に示す処方でフィルムを得た。得られたフィルムを用い、種々の物性を評価した。結果を表2に示した。
【0038】
【表2】
【0039】
【発明の効果】
本発明のフィルムは、応力白化がなく、表面硬度も高く、透明性に優れ且つ加熱後の透明性にも優れ、引張破断時の伸びが高く、フィルム成形性および表面性のバランスに優れていることがわかる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a specific acrylic film and an acrylic film laminate, and more particularly to an acrylic film laminate by injection molding.
[0002]
[Prior art]
As a method for decorating the surface of plastics, metal products, etc., there are a direct printing method and a transfer method. However, the direct printing method is not suitable for a molded product having a complicated shape, and the transfer method has a problem of high cost. As a method for imparting decorative properties at low cost, a film in which a film such as an acrylic resin is inserted into an injection mold and injection-molded with a base resin in a state in which a shape such as an acrylic resin has been previously imparted or not imparted. There is a molding method. Various acrylic films suitable for this application have been proposed. For example, a method for defining the reduced viscosity of a plastic polymer, the particle diameter of a rubber-containing polymer, the rubber content, etc. (Patent Document 1), the reduced viscosity of an acrylic polymer, and the content of a multilayer structure acrylic polymer Methods (Patent Documents 2 and 3) are known. These films are known to have excellent surface hardness, transparency and film formability.
[0003]
However, nothing is described about the problem of stress whitening of the film. That is, in the present application, when these films are laminated on a molded product having a complicated shape, stress concentrates on corners and the like, so that the films are easily whitened, and the commercial value is remarkably reduced. Furthermore, when cutting burrs at the end in the finishing process for film laminates obtained by a film-in-mold molding method using a film that has been or has not been given a shape by vacuum forming or the like. There were problems, such as the occurrence of cracks in the film.
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-323934
[Patent Document 2]
JP-A-10-279766 [0006]
[Patent Document 3]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-306192
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Thus, as a result of intensive studies to develop a film that does not cause stress whitening, the present inventors have found that an acrylic graft copolymer having a graft layer having a specific composition using a specific acrylic ester rubber-like polymer and a methacrylic copolymer. A film obtained from a resin composition comprising a polymer is less stress whitened, has a high surface hardness, excellent transparency and excellent transparency after heating, excellent weather resistance, and high tensile elongation at break. Furthermore, it discovered that it was excellent also in a moldability and surface property, and came to this invention.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention comprises (A) an acrylic graft copolymer containing an acrylic ester rubbery polymer and (B) a methacrylic polymer containing 80% by weight or more of methyl methacrylate , and is optionally inorganic or organic. Resin composition to which at least one selected from the group consisting of pigments, dyes, antioxidants for further improving stability to heat and light, heat stabilizers, ultraviolet absorbers and ultraviolet stabilizers may be added Object (C),
(1) The content of the acrylic ester rubber-like polymer is 5 to 25% by weight,
(2) The average particle diameter of the acrylic ester rubbery polymer is 50 to 200 nm,
(3) The relationship between the average particle diameter d (nm) of the acrylate ester rubber-like polymer and the amount w (% by weight) of the crosslinking agent allyl methacrylate (AIMA) used in the acrylate ester rubber-like polymer. The following equation is satisfied,
0.03d ≦ w ≦ 0.06d
(4) The acrylic graft copolymer (A) graft polymerizes a monomer mixture containing 86% by weight or more of methacrylic acid ester in the first stage to the acrylic ester rubbery polymer, and in the second stage. A monomer mixture containing 85% by weight or less of a methacrylic acid ester is graft-polymerized, and (5) the reduced viscosity of the methyl ethyl ketone-soluble component of the resin composition (C) is 0.2 to 0.8 dl / g.
It is the acrylic film formed by shape | molding the resin composition which is.
The laminate of the present invention is a laminate of the acrylic films. The laminate is an acrylic film laminate manufactured by injection molding.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The resin composition (C) used in the present invention comprises an acrylic graft copolymer (A) containing an acrylic ester rubbery polymer and a methacrylic polymer (B) containing 80% by weight or more of methyl methacrylate. It can be obtained by polymerizing the acrylic graft copolymer (A) and the methacrylic polymer (B), and mixing them. After producing the copolymer (A), the methacrylic polymer (B) can be produced continuously. As a mixing method, it is possible to mix in the form of latex or powder, beads, pellets and the like.
[0010]
The acrylic graft copolymer (A) used in the present invention is a methacrylic acid ester in the first stage in the presence of an acrylic acid ester rubbery polymer (a crosslinked rubbery polymer mainly composed of an acrylic acid ester). Is obtained by graft polymerization of a monomer mixture containing at least 86% by weight and graft polymerization of a monomer mixture containing at most 85% by weight of methacrylic acid ester in the second stage.
[0011]
The acrylic ester rubbery polymer used in the present invention comprises 60 to 99% by weight of acrylic ester, 0 to 30% by weight of other copolymerizable monomer and a specific amount of copolymerizable cross-linking agent. The monomer mixture consisting of is polymerized. The monomer mixture may be used as a mixture, or may be used in two or more stages by changing the monomer composition.
[0012]
The acrylic ester is preferably 60 to 99% by weight, more preferably 80 to 99% by weight, and most preferably 85 to 99% by weight. If it is 60% by weight or less, the impact resistance is lowered, the elongation at the time of tensile fracture is lowered, and cracks are likely to occur at the time of film cutting, which is not preferable. As an acrylic ester used here, the thing of C1-C12 of an alkyl group can be used from the point of polymerizability and cost. Specific examples thereof include, for example, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, n-octyl acrylate, and the like. May be.
[0013]
As other copolymerizable vinyl monomers, methacrylic acid esters are particularly preferred from the viewpoint of weather resistance and transparency, and specific examples thereof include, for example, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, Examples thereof include butyl methacrylate. Aromatic vinyls are also preferred. Specific examples thereof include styrene and methylstyrene. Vinyl cyanides are also preferred, and specific examples thereof include acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile.
[0014]
The amount of the copolymerizable cross-linking agent greatly affects the stress whitening, the elongation at the time of tensile fracture, or the transparency as well as the average particle size of the acrylic ester rubbery polymer. That is, it is important that the average particle diameter d (nm) of the acrylic ester rubber-like polymer and the amount w (wt%) of the crosslinking agent satisfy the following formula.
[0015]
0.03d ≦ w ≦ 0.06d
The average particle size of the rubbery polymer is 50 to 200 nm, preferably 50 to 180 nm, more preferably 50 to 150 nm, and most preferably 60 to 120 nm. If it is 50 nm or less, impact resistance is reduced, elongation at the time of tensile break is reduced, and cracks are likely to occur at the time of film cutting, which is not preferable, and if it is 200 nm or more, stress whitening is likely to occur, and transparency is lowered. This is not preferable because the transparency of the film is lowered.
[0016]
The amount of the cross-linking agent is preferably within the range shown in the above formula. Outside this range, stress whitening occurs, impact resistance decreases, elongation at tensile breakage decreases, cracks easily occur during film cutting, and transparency is high. This is unfavorable because it decreases and the formability of the film deteriorates. Crosslinking agents used for this purpose may be those normally used, for example ants methacrylate, allyl acrylate, triallyl cyanurate, triallyl isocyanurate, diallyl phthalate, diallyl maleate, divinyl adipate, divinylbenzene, ethylene glycol di methacrylate, diethylene glycol methacrylate, can be used triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, tetra- methylol methane tetramethacrylate, dipropylene glycol dimethacrylate and these acrylates and the like. Two or more of these crosslinking agents may be used.
[0017]
The acrylic graft copolymer (A) used in the present invention is a graft polymerization of a monomer mixture containing 86% by weight or more of a methacrylic acid ester in the first stage in the presence of the acrylic ester rubbery polymer. And a monomer mixture containing 85% by weight or less of methacrylic acid ester in the second stage is obtained by graft polymerization. Preferably, it is obtained by polymerizing 95 to 25 parts by weight of a monomer mixture mainly composed of methacrylic acid ester in the presence of 5 to 75 parts by weight of the acrylic ester rubbery polymer in at least two stages. It is done. The methacrylic acid ester in the graft copolymer composition (monomer mixture) is preferably 50% by weight or more. If it is 50% by weight or less, the hardness and rigidity of the resulting film are not preferred. Monomers used for graft copolymerization are methacrylic acid esters and acrylic acid esters, and specific examples include those used in the acrylic acid ester rubbery polymer.
[0018]
The methacrylic acid ester contained in the monomer mixture graft-polymerized in the first stage is 86% by weight or more, preferably 88% by weight or more, more preferably 90% by weight or more. The methacrylic acid ester contained in the monomer mixture graft-polymerized in the second stage is 85% by weight or less, preferably 83% by weight or less, more preferably 80% by weight or less. In the first stage, a monomer mixture containing 86% by weight or less of methacrylic acid ester is graft-polymerized, and in the second stage, a monomer mixture containing 85% by weight or more of methacrylic acid ester is graft-polymerized. Whitening tends to occur, which is not preferable.
[0019]
At this time, a component which becomes an ungrafted polymer without graft reaction with the acrylate rubber polymer is generated. This component constitutes part or all of the copolymer (B). The graft copolymer becomes insoluble in methyl ethyl ketone. The graft ratio to the acrylic ester rubbery polymer is 30 to 200%, more preferably 50 to 200%, and most preferably 80 to 200%. If the graft ratio is 30% or less, the transparency is lowered, the elongation at the time of tensile break is lowered, and cracks are likely to occur at the time of film cutting, and this is not preferred, and if it is 200% or more, the melt viscosity at the time of film formation increases. This is not preferable because moldability is lowered.
[0020]
The methacrylic polymer (B) used in the present invention contains 80% by weight or more of methyl methacrylate, preferably 90% by weight or more, more preferably 92% by weight or more. . A methyl methacrylate content of 80% by weight or less is not preferable because the hardness and rigidity of the resulting film are lowered.
[0021]
The content of the acrylate rubber polymer in the resin composition (C) used in the present invention is preferably 5 to 25% by weight, more preferably 10 to 23% by weight. If it is 5% by weight or less, the elongation at the time of tensile break of the obtained film is lowered and stress whitening tends to occur, which is not preferable. If it is 25% by weight or more, the hardness and rigidity of the resulting film are unfavorable.
[0022]
The reduced viscosity of the methyl ethyl ketone soluble component of the resin composition (C) used in the present invention is 0.2 to 0.8 dl / g. If it is 0.2 dl / g or less, the elongation at the time of tensile rupture of the obtained film is lowered and the solvent resistance is lowered, which is not preferred, and if it is 0.8 dl / g or more, the moldability of the film is lowered.
[0023]
The method for producing the acrylic graft copolymer (A) and the methacrylic polymer (B) of the resin composition (C) used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and an emulsion polymerization method, a suspension polymerization method, A bulk polymerization method or the like is applicable.
[0024]
In the emulsion polymerization method, a normal polymerization initiator is used. Specific examples include inorganic peroxides such as potassium persulfate and sodium persulfate, organic peroxides such as cumene hydroperoxide and benzoyl peroxide, and oil-soluble initiators such as azobisisobutyronitrile. used. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. These initiators may be used as ordinary redox type polymerization initiators in combination with reducing agents such as sodium sulfite, sodium thiosulfate, sodium formaldehyde, sulfoxylate, ascorbic acid and ferrous sulfate. There is no restriction | limiting in particular also in the surfactant used for the said emulsion polymerization, If it is a surfactant for normal emulsion polymerization, it can be used. For example, nonionic surfactants such as sodium alkyl sulfate, sodium alkyl sulfonate, sodium alkyl bendene sulfonate, sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate, sodium laurate, and reaction products of alkyl phenols with ethylene oxide Active surfactants and the like are shown. These interfacial lubricants may be used alone or in combination of two or more. From the copolymer latex thus obtained, the resin composition is separated and recovered by ordinary coagulation and washing, or by treatment such as spray drying or freeze drying.
[0025]
The resin composition (C) obtained in the present invention is particularly effective as a film, and is processed satisfactorily by, for example, an ordinary melt extrusion method such as an inflation method, a T-die extrusion method, a calendar method, or a solvent casting method. The About 30-500 micrometers is suitable for the thickness of a film, and 50-300 micrometers is more preferable. In addition, when the resin composition (C) is formed into a film, if necessary, by simultaneously bringing both surfaces of the film into contact with a roll or a metal belt, the roll or metal belt heated to a temperature higher than the glass transition temperature at the same time. By bringing them into contact, it is possible to obtain a film having a superior surface property.
[0026]
The resin composition (C) of the present invention contains inorganic or organic pigments and dyes for coloring, antioxidants for further improving stability to heat and light, heat stabilizers, UV absorbers, UV stabilizers. You may add an agent etc. individually or in combination of 2 or more types.
[0027]
The production method of the laminate using the film of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 63-6339, Japanese Patent Publication No. 4-9647, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-9484, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 8-323934, It is preferable to produce the film by a film-in-mold molding method similar to the method described in JP-A-10-279766. That is, a film that has been or has not been given a shape by vacuum forming or the like is inserted between injection molds, the mold is closed and clamped with the film sandwiched, and injection molding of the base resin is performed. By performing, it is preferable to melt and integrate the film on the surface of the injected base resin molded body. At that time, the injection molding conditions such as the resin temperature and the injection pressure are appropriately set in consideration of the type of the base resin.
[0028]
The base resin constituting the acrylic laminate obtained in the present invention must be capable of being melt bonded to the acrylic film. For example, ABS resin, AS resin, styrene resin, polycarbonate resin, vinyl chloride resin, acrylic resin Examples thereof include resins, polyester resins, and resins containing these as main components.
[0029]
【Example】
EXAMPLES The present invention will be described below with reference to examples and comparative examples, but the present invention is not limited to the examples. In the examples and comparative examples, “parts” represents parts by weight, and “%” represents% by weight. Abbreviations represent the following substances.
[0030]
OSA: sodium dioctylsulfosacne sheet BA: butyl acrylate MMA: methyl methacrylate
AlMA: Allyl methacrylate CHP: Cumene hydroperoxide tDM: Tertiary decyl mercaptan EA: Ethyl acrylate The characteristics were evaluated according to the following methods and conditions.
(Average particle size of acrylic ester rubbery polymer)
The film was dyed with ruthenium and observed with a transmission electron microscope, and 500 particle sizes were measured.
(Graft rate G)
The powder produced in the reference example was dissolved in methyl ethyl ketone, separated into insoluble and soluble components, and the insoluble component was determined as the graft component according to the following formula (unit:%).
G = (weight of insoluble matter−weight of rubbery polymer) / weight of rubbery polymer × 100
(Reduced viscosity)
The film was dissolved in methyl ethyl ketone, and the soluble content was measured with 0.3% N, N-dimethylformamide at 30 ° C. (unit: dl / g).
(Tensile strength, elongation at break)
The film was punched into a JIS type dumbbell and measured at 23 ° C. using an autograph (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) at a tensile speed of 50 mm / min (unit: tensile strength is MPa, elongation at tensile break is%). .
(transparency)
The haze value was measured according to JIS K 6714 using a film (unit:%).
(Pencil hardness)
It measured according to JISK5400 using the film.
(Film formability)
Film formation was performed for 3 hours, the situation was observed, and the following evaluation was performed.
○: The film has a uniform thickness and can be formed without breakage.
X: The film thickness is uneven or the film is cut.
(Surface property of film)
The surface of a 1 m 2 wide film was observed and evaluated as follows.
○: Fish eyes, die lines and burns are hardly observed.
Δ: Fish eye, die line, or discoloration is observed.
X: Fish eye, die line, or discoloration is remarkable.
(Stress whitening)
The film was bent 180 ° at 23 ° C., the whitening state was observed, and the following evaluation was performed.
○: Whitening is not recognized.
Δ: Slight whitening is observed.
X: Whitening is remarkable.
(Transparency after heating)
The haze value after heating the film at 160 ° C. for 1 minute was measured according to JIS K 6714, and the difference in haze value before and after heating was evaluated as follows.
○: The difference in haze before and after heating is less than 0.5.
(Triangle | delta): The difference of the haze before and behind a heating is 0.5 or more and less than 1.0.
X: The difference in cloudiness before and after heating is 1.0 or more.
[0031]
(Reference Example 1)
The following materials were charged into an 8 L polymerization machine equipped with a stirrer.
Water 200 parts Sodium octylsulfosuccinate 0.2 parts Ethylenediamine 2Na 0.001 part Ferrous sulfate 0.00025 parts Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate 0.15 parts After deoxidation, the internal temperature was adjusted to 60 ° C. Thereafter, the monomer mixture (a) shown in Table 1 was continuously added dropwise at a rate of 10 parts / hour, and then post-polymerization was performed for 30 minutes to obtain an acrylate rubber polymer. The polymerization conversion rate was 99.5%. Thereafter, 0.2 part of sodium octylsulfosuccinate was charged, and then the monomer mixture (b) shown in Table 1 was continuously added dropwise at a rate of 12 parts / hour, followed by polymerization for 1 hour. An acrylic graft copolymer (A) was obtained. The polymerization conversion rate was 99.0%, the graft rate was 135%, and the reduced viscosity of the methyl ethyl ketone-soluble component was 0.35 dl / g. The obtained latex was salted out and solidified with calcium acetate, washed with water and dried to obtain a resin powder. The reduced viscosity and graft ratio were measured and shown in Table 1.
[0032]
(Reference Examples 2-9)
Reference Examples 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 were also prepared in the same manner as Reference Example 1 with the formulation shown in Table 1. The reduced viscosity and graft ratio were measured and shown in Table 1.
[0033]
(Reference Example 10)
Similarly, a copolymer was prepared using a monomer mixture of 92% MMA and 8% BA by emulsion polymerization. The resulting methacrylic acid ester copolymer had a reduced viscosity of 0.36 dl / g.
[0034]
(Reference Example 11)
A MMA-EA copolymer produced by suspension polymerization (Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. Sumipex EX: MMA about 95%, EA about 5% copolymer, reduced viscosity 0.30 dl / g) was used.
[0035]
[Table 1]
[0036]
Example 1
For 100 parts of the polymer obtained in Reference Example 1, 1.5 parts of Tinuvin 1577 (manufactured by Ciba Special Chemical Co., Ltd.) as an ultraviolet absorber and 0.3 parts of Sumilizer GM (manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.) as an antioxidant are used. After mixing, extruded pellets were obtained at 220 ° C. using a vented extruder. The obtained pellets were molded with a T-die extruder at a die temperature of 240 ° C. to obtain a film having a thickness of 100 μm. Various physical properties were evaluated using this film. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0037]
(Examples 2-6 and Comparative Examples 1-5)
In Examples 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and Comparative Examples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 as well as Example 1, films were obtained with the formulations shown in Table 2. Various physical properties were evaluated using the obtained film. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0038]
[Table 2]
[0039]
【The invention's effect】
The film of the present invention has no stress whitening, high surface hardness, excellent transparency and excellent transparency after heating, high elongation at tensile break, and excellent balance of film formability and surface properties. I understand that.
Claims (3)
(1)アクリル酸エステル系ゴム状重合体の含有量が5〜25重量%、
(2)アクリル酸エステル系ゴム状重合体の平均粒子径が50〜200nm、
(3)上記アクリル酸エステル系ゴム状重合体の平均粒子径d(nm)とアクリル酸エステル系ゴム状重合体に用いられる架橋剤アリルメタクリレート(AIMA)の量w(重量%)との関係が次式を満たし、
0.03d≦w≦0.06d
(4)アクリル系グラフト共重合体(A)が、アクリル酸エステル系ゴム状重合体に第1段階でメタクリル酸エステルを86重量%以上含有する単量体混合物をグラフト重合させ、第2段階でメタクリル酸エステルを85重量%以下含有する単量体混合物をグラフト重合させたもので、かつ
(5)樹脂組成物(C)のメチルエチルケトン可溶分の還元粘度が0.2〜0.8dl/g
である樹脂組成物を成形してなるアクリルフィルム。(A) an acrylic graft copolymer containing an acrylic ester rubbery polymer and (B) a methacrylic polymer containing 80% by weight or more of methyl methacrylate , and optionally an inorganic or organic pigment, Resin composition (C) which may contain at least one selected from the group consisting of dyes, antioxidants for further improving stability to heat and light, heat stabilizers, UV absorbers, UV stabilizers Because
(1) The content of the acrylic ester rubber-like polymer is 5 to 25% by weight,
(2) The average particle diameter of the acrylic ester rubbery polymer is 50 to 200 nm,
(3) The relationship between the average particle diameter d (nm) of the acrylate ester rubber-like polymer and the amount w (% by weight) of the crosslinking agent allyl methacrylate (AIMA) used in the acrylate ester rubber-like polymer. The following equation is satisfied,
0.03d ≦ w ≦ 0.06d
(4) The acrylic graft copolymer (A) graft polymerizes a monomer mixture containing 86% by weight or more of methacrylic acid ester in the first stage to the acrylic ester rubbery polymer, and in the second stage. A monomer mixture containing 85% by weight or less of a methacrylic acid ester is graft-polymerized, and (5) the reduced viscosity of the methyl ethyl ketone-soluble component of the resin composition (C) is 0.2 to 0.8 dl / g.
An acrylic film formed by molding a resin composition.
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JP2002300664A JP4291993B2 (en) | 2002-10-15 | 2002-10-15 | Acrylic film and its laminate |
PCT/JP2002/013279 WO2004035683A1 (en) | 2002-10-15 | 2002-12-19 | Acrylic film and laminates comprising the same |
DE60231343T DE60231343D1 (en) | 2002-10-15 | 2002-12-19 | ACRYLIC FILM AND THESE LAMINATES CONTAINING |
EP20020808028 EP1555293B1 (en) | 2002-10-15 | 2002-12-19 | Acrylic film and laminates comprising the same |
US10/531,282 US7195816B2 (en) | 2002-10-15 | 2002-12-19 | Acrylic film and laminates comprising the same |
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JP2008049524A (en) * | 2006-08-23 | 2008-03-06 | Kaneka Corp | Laminated film |
JP2008144092A (en) * | 2006-12-13 | 2008-06-26 | Du Pont Toray Co Ltd | Thermoplastic elastomer resin composition and molded article |
JP5136924B2 (en) * | 2007-02-01 | 2013-02-06 | 東レ・デュポン株式会社 | Thermoplastic elastomer resin composition for composite molding and composite molded body |
JP5024754B2 (en) * | 2007-02-01 | 2012-09-12 | 東レ・デュポン株式会社 | Thermoplastic elastomer resin composition for composite molding and composite molded body |
JP5790498B2 (en) | 2010-01-26 | 2015-10-07 | 三菱レイヨン株式会社 | Fluorine matte film, fluorine matte laminate film, fluorine matte decorative laminate film, laminate sheet, laminate molded product obtained by laminating these, and method for producing the same |
KR20160130812A (en) * | 2014-04-08 | 2016-11-14 | 미쯔비시 레이온 가부시끼가이샤 | Acrylic resin composition, acrylic resin film, and molded body |
KR20180032609A (en) | 2015-09-11 | 2018-03-30 | 미쯔비시 케미컬 주식회사 | Laminated film and laminated molded article |
WO2019003531A1 (en) | 2017-06-27 | 2019-01-03 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | Thermoplastic resin composition and thermoplastic resin molded body |
WO2019244791A1 (en) | 2018-06-21 | 2019-12-26 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | Matte acrylic resin film |
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