JP4290609B2 - Land culture equipment - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an aquaculture technique on land, and more particularly to an aquaculture technique for aquaculture of shellfish that live in an environment exposed to a clean tide such as abalone and tuna.

  Abalone and other shellfish are well tided in natural waters and live in a clean environment. For this reason, even if abalone is cultivated on land, productivity will be reduced unless a suitable environment is set for abalone.

  Patent Document 1 discloses an abalone culture facility on land. This aquaculture facility has a plurality of breeding aquariums, a water supply pipe for supplying seawater to the breeding aquarium, an overflow pipe for draining excess water, and a water supply pipe and a feeding station. And while flowing seawater into a water supply pipe with a pump, seawater is flowed to a lower tank through an overflow pipe, and the flow of seawater is promoted.

  By the way, in this aquaculture facility, the seawater in the breeding aquarium is moved by draining from the overflow pipe. At that time, residual food and feces are also mixed with the seawater. Moreover, there is a blind spot part of the flow, and effective seawater flow cannot be obtained in the entire tank.

Patent Document 2 discloses a shellfish land culture device.
According to Patent Document 2, the apparatus is provided with a plurality of weirs in a water channel-shaped water tank in multiple stages, and the front end side of the water tank is inclined downward. Therefore, since overflow occurs over the weir, the amount of dissolved oxygen in the running water can be increased. However, the remaining food and feces are mixed with seawater when overflowing.

In addition, there is a problem that a stagnation portion still occurs because the blind spot of the water flow is created in the aquarium only by overflow.
Utility Model Registration No. 30563767 JP 2003-125668 A

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and the problems to be solved include at least a region composed of clean seawater and a region composed of contaminated seawater containing feces etc. It is to cultivate shellfish in an area consisting of clean seawater and to grow the shellfish in a state close to the natural habitat, and even aquaculture is of a quality that is inferior to natural shellfish.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the following means are employed in the land culture device of the present invention. That is, a water tank installed on land and containing seawater for culturing shellfish, a seawater supply device provided in the water tank for supplying seawater, and seawater supplied to the water tank by the seawater supply device are discharged. In the aquaculture device having a discharge port, the supply port of the seawater supply device is arranged away from the bottom of the aquarium, and the portion above the supply port in the aquarium is shellfish in a state where the aquarium is filled with seawater The seawater supply device has a structure for discharging clean seawater toward the culture region, and a shelter is disposed in the seawater above the supply port of the seawater supply device. The shelter has a hollow rectangular parallelepiped shape that opens downward and closes laterally and upward, and a hole is provided in the upper surface of the shelter .

According to the present invention, a supply port for supplying seawater is installed in the aquaculture tank away from the bottom of the tank,
A portion above the supply port in the water tank in the state where the water tank was filled with seawater was used as a culture area, and clean seawater was discharged from the seawater supply device toward the culture area. Therefore, clean seawater is actively supplied to the aquaculture area.

On the other hand, residual food for shellfish and its feces settle in the aquarium. And the supply port is separated from the bottom of the aquarium with respect to these sediments, and the seawater is discharged toward the aquaculture area located above the supply port. Swelling of feces etc. in the water tank is suppressed. For this reason, the seawater in the water tank can be clearly separated into an aquaculture area composed of clean seawater and a polluted seawater area composed of contaminated seawater.
In particular, if the aquarium is provided in multiple stages up and down, clean seawater in the aquaculture area from the overflow seawater discharge pipe provided in the upper aquarium is supplied to the lower aquarium via the lower seawater supply device. Since the seawater in the aquaculture area is clean, excess seawater in the upper water tank can be supplied to the lower water tank without waste, so that waste of seawater can be prevented.

  The aquaculture apparatus of the present invention is substantially separated into an aquaculture area composed of clean seawater suitable for a shell culture part and an area composed of contaminated seawater including feces (contaminated seawater area). If done in the area, shellfish are always in clean seawater and grow close to the natural habitat, and even in aquaculture, the quality is inferior to natural shellfish.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention (hereinafter, embodiments) will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  FIG. 1 shows a schematic front view of an onshore aquaculture apparatus I according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a partially omitted enlarged view of FIG.

  The land culture device I is a device for cultivating abalone and other shellfish, and is installed on a flat ground and has a two-stage aquaculture tank. The upper and lower water tanks are denoted by reference numerals 1u and 1d, respectively.

  Each of the upper and lower tanks 1u and 1d has a rectangular parallelepiped appearance, and is integrated by a frame made of square bars 11 (see FIG. 2), and a boarded sidewalk (not shown) is formed in the upper tank 1u. The worker uses this sidewalk to inspect the upper water tank 1u and perform aquaculture work.

  Each of the water tanks 1u and 1d is made of a seawater-resistant material, for example, plastic, particularly FRP or vinyl chloride resin, and the bottom surface 6 thereof is inclined in a mountain shape by 0.5 to 5/100 °. Specifically, the bottom surface 6 has a shape in which the central portion of the long side is the uppermost position and gradually descends from the central portion toward both ends so that the entire short side becomes the lowermost end. And the drain port 5 is provided in the both ends of the bottom face 6, respectively. In addition, when a water tank enlarges, a pair of right and left small rods can be connected with the boundary of the center of the water tank, so that transportation and assembly of the water tank can be made relatively easy.

  Drain pipes 4u and 4d extending downward are connected to the respective drain outlets 5 of the water tanks 1u and 1d, and unnecessary seawater is discharged to the outside through the drain pipes 4u and 4d.

  The drain pipe 4u of the upper water tank 1u has a crank shape. Moreover, although the drain pipe 4d of the lower water tank 1d is usually J-shaped, its form can be changed as necessary. Details will be described later.

  Moreover, both the water tanks 1u and 1d have a seawater supply pipe 2 as a seawater supply device for supplying clean seawater from the outside (see FIGS. 2 and 3).

The seawater supply pipe 2 includes a main pipe 2a located outside the cage, a branch pipe 2b located inside the cage, and a connecting pipe 2c that couples the branch pipes 2b.

  The main pipe 2a is common to the upper and sewage tanks 1u and 1d, and extends in the vertical direction as far as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, and the branch pipe 2b is piped for each eave and is installed on the installation surface of the apparatus I. They are arranged in parallel. The control valve 22 adjusts the amount of seawater from the main pipe 2a to the branch pipe 2b. The connecting pipe 2c not only connects the branch pipes but also circulates seawater between the connecting pipes.

  FIGS. 3A and 3B are plan views of the upper water tank 1u and the lower water tank 1d, respectively, and it can be seen that the three branch pipes 2b are arranged in parallel in each tub.

  Moreover, the branch pipe 2b is arrange | positioned in the location whose distance d from the bottom face center part which is the water tank bottom face uppermost part is 3-10 centimeters. Further, the branch pipe 2b has a large number of apertures 21 serving as supply ports for discharging clean seawater upward and supplying seawater into the tub (see FIGS. 3, 6, and 7). In order to drain water from the opening 21, it is necessary to pressurize seawater. For this purpose, a pressurizing pump (not shown) is provided outside the water tank.

  Further, the size of the opening 21 is reduced at a portion where the discharge pressure is high, and is increased at a portion where the discharge pressure is low to balance the discharge speed. Furthermore, it is necessary to balance the pressure so that the seawater is uniformly discharged from all the apertures 21, and for that purpose, around the water tank, specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, both ends of each water tank 1u · 1d and The main pipe 2a is disposed at the center.

  By doing in this way, the clean seawater is made to flow in the culture tank 1 without stagnation by the seawater released from the opening 21 of the branch pipe 2b.

  Although it depends on the size of the device, the hole diameter of the opening 21 is usually set to 1 to 5 millimeters in consideration of the influence on the speed of discharged water. Moreover, the amount of exchanged seawater, the number of apertures, and the aperture area are determined so that the release rate is about 1 to 5 / second centimeters. And the opening 21 is provided for every 10-30 centimeters in the longitudinal direction of the branch pipe 2b so that it may become about 20-50 pieces per square meter. The number of the apertures 21 is a number necessary for allowing clean seawater to flow sufficiently in the tub.

  The amount of seawater is set so that 5 to 20 times the amount of water in the tank is used in 24 hours.

  The reason for arranging the plurality of branch pipes 2b in the tub is to prevent the water flow from trapping in the tub, and the number thereof is adjusted according to the size of the water tank.

  As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the inside of the water tank is vertically divided into two with a branch pipe 2b as a boundary, and shellfish are cultivated in an area above the branch pipe 2b. For convenience, the area is referred to as an aquaculture area. An aquaculture cage (hereinafter, aquaculture cage) 7 as shown in FIG. 4 is arranged in the culture area. The area below the branch pipe 2b is referred to as a contaminated seawater area. This is because feces such as abalone settle and the seawater becomes dirty.

  The cultured trough 7 is framed by a vinyl chloride pipe 7a, and has a cubic shape that opens upward by wearing a netron net 7b. And the netron network is different depending on the age and size of the abalone. The culture trough 7 is fixed to each of the aquariums 1u and 1d with the upper portion thereof appropriately protruding from the water surface in the aquarium. In fixing, the PVC pipe is locked to the frame of the water tank 1.

Further, a shelter 8 as shown in FIGS. The shelter 8 has a U-shaped cross section, and has a hollow rectangular parallelepiped shape that opens downward and closes laterally and upward (see FIG. 5). The shelter 8 is provided because the abalone is nocturnal, and the inside of the shelter 8 is not easily hit by the sun even during the day and grows better. In FIG. 6, the region where the sun is hard to hit is shown by a stitch pattern. A lot of abalone adheres to the part.

  In addition, a plurality of appropriate holes 8 a are provided on the upper surface of the shelter 8 so that seawater can easily flow through the shelter 8. The reason why the shelter 8 is opened downward is to allow clean seawater from the opening 21 of the branch pipe 2b to easily flow into the shelter 8 and to prevent feces from being stored in the shelter.

  As can be understood from FIG. 7, two open holes 21 are provided in the range of 10 to 30 degrees one by one on the left and right sides from the center line l extending in the vertical direction in the circular section of the seawater supply pipe 2. . It has been proved by the inventor's experiment that setting this angle is effective in making it less likely to cause stagnation in the flow of seawater. However, in the present invention, the angle of opening is not limited to the above angle.

  The arrow in FIG. 6 shows the flow path in the shelter 8 of the seawater blown out from the opening 21 of the branch pipe 2b. It can be seen that the seawater is evenly distributed in the shaded area where abalone is attached.

  By providing the shelter 8, not only a shaded part can be secured in the tank, but also the area where abalone can adhere can be enlarged. In other words, abalone attaches to the netron net 7b of the culture trough 7 without the shelter 8, but abalone also attaches to the shelter 8, so that the abalone life area can be expanded accordingly. Therefore, abalone productivity can be increased. In addition, since the shelter 8 is put in the culture tub 7, it can be said that the shelter 8 is located above the branch pipe 2b of the seawater supply pipe 2.

  It should be noted that the shape of the shelter 8 is not limited as long as it is shaded.

  In addition to the drain pipes 4u and 4d, each drain outlet 5 of the upper and sewage tanks 1u and 1d is detachably attached in the water tank. When it is removed from the drain outlet 5, the seawater is drained at once, and when it is put on, the drainage is stopped. A drainage control pipe 13 (see FIG. 2) is provided. The drainage control pipe 13 is a hollow pipe whose upper end opening is positioned higher than the water level in the basket. Therefore, there is no seawater in it.

  One end of the hose 15 is bent into a U shape from the upper end opening and is fixed in the drainage control pipe 13. At this time, the one end opening 15a of the hose 15 is positioned slightly below the water level in the tub (see FIG. 2). The other end opening 15 b of the hose 15 is located outside the drainage control pipe 13 in the tub and around the drainage port 5.

  Therefore, the hose 15 has a configuration such that the S-shape is laid down as a whole as shown in FIG. When piping the hose 15, the hose 15 is submerged in the water tank, the hose is filled with seawater, and the one end opening 15 a is closed with a stopper (not shown). And the one end opening 15a side of the hose 15 is attached in the waste_water | drain control pipe 13 as mentioned above in that state.

  Further, the upper water tank 1u has an overflow pipe 3 for supplying excess water toward the lower water tank 1d (see FIG. 2). In this embodiment, the overflow pipe 3 has an L shape, one end of which is connected to the main pipe 2a of the seawater supply pipe 2, and the other end is made almost the same as the water surface. There is no overflow pipe in the lower water tank 1d.

The lower water tank 1d has the drain pipe 4d at the drain port 5 thereof. The drainage pipe 4d is usually J-shaped as described above, but the drainage pipe 4d has a two-part structure so that the shape of the drainage pipe 4d becomes a crank shape when cleaning the inside of the tub. That is, the drain pipe 4d includes a main pipe 4d1 that is connected to the discharge port 5 and hangs down, and a slave pipe 4d2 that can be inserted into and removed from the main pipe 4d1.

  The slave tube 4d2 includes an upward elbow 4d21 and a downward elbow 4d22. The upward elbow 4d21 is longer than the downward elbow. Then, by connecting the upward elbow 4d21 to the main pipe 4d1, a drain pipe 4d having a J shape is formed as shown by a solid line in FIG.

  Further, by connecting the downward elbow 4d22 to the main pipe 4d1, a drain pipe 4d having a crank shape as shown by a two-dot chain line in FIG. 2 is formed. When the upward elbow 4d21 is used, the drainage control pipe 13 of the lower water tank 1d is removed, and when the downward elbow 4d22 is used, the drainage control pipe 13 is attached. The upper end opening of the upward elbow 4d21 is below the water level of the lower water tank 1d.

  Deep sea water is used as the seawater. Since deep sea water has few germs, it is suitable for shellfish, especially abalone culture. However, since the deep seawater pumped up has little dissolved oxygen, oxygen is supplied before supply so that the dissolved oxygen will fill the oxygen necessary for shellfish culture for the time it stays in the aquaculture tank. In order to increase dissolved oxygen, a device such as a sparger that keeps dissolved oxygen in seawater is provided outside the water tank, and air or oxygen is supplied through the device.

  According to the land culture apparatus I, the branch pipe 2b of the seawater supply pipe 2 is provided in each of the upper and lower tanks 1u and 1d away from the bottom surface 6, and the portion above the branch pipe 2b is used as a culture area. Then, clean seawater was discharged from the opening 21 of the branch pipe 2b toward the culture area. Therefore, clean seawater is actively supplied to the aquaculture area.

  The seawater supplied to the water tanks 1u and 1d slowly rises without any stagnation in the part above the branch pipe 2b in the tank, and forms a water stream that does not stagnate in the tub 7 where the abalone is arranged. On the other hand, residual food and abalone feces settle in the aquarium, but the branch 2b is separated from the bottom 6 of the aquarium and is located above the branch 2b against the filth that has settled. Since seawater is discharged toward the area, a relatively large amount of clean seawater is supplied to the aquaculture area.

  On the other hand, seawater is not directly supplied from the branch pipe 2b to the polluted seawater region below the branch pipe 2b. Therefore, in the contaminated seawater area, the sediment droppings and the like hardly rise. For this reason, the seawater in the water tank can be clearly separated into an aquaculture area composed of clean seawater and a contaminated seawater area composed of contaminated seawater containing feces and the like. In this way, the abalone culture is performed in the aquaculture area because it is substantially separated into the aquaculture area consisting of clean seawater suitable for the abalone culture part and the contaminated seawater area (dirt seawater area) containing feces etc. For example, abalone is always in clean seawater and grows in a state close to the natural habitat, and even aquaculture has a quality comparable to natural products.

  Moreover, since the bottom face 6 of the water tank is inclined and the discharge port 5 is provided at the lowermost end portion of the bottom face 6, the abalone takes out feces, and even if the feces eventually reach the bottom face, the feces do not accumulate. It moves downward along the surface and then collects around the outlet 5. At this time, if the drainage control pipe 13 is removed from the discharge port 5, the feces around the discharge port 5 are discharged out of the water tank at once. Therefore, cleaning is easy even in the contaminated seawater region.

Further, in the upper water tank 1u, the hose 15 provided in the drainage control pipe 13 is filled with seawater, and its one end opening 15a is positioned slightly below the water level in the tank, Since the end opening 15b is located inside the tub and outside the drainage control pipe 13 and around the drainage port 5, the other end opening 15b depends on the height difference between the position of the one end opening 15a and the water level of the water tank. The stool collected from around the drainage port 5 is automatically sucked and discharged from the one end opening 15a into the drainage control pipe 13. Feces discharged to the drainage control pipe 13 are discharged out of the basket through the drainage pipe 4u. Thus, since feces can be automatically discharged out of the water tank, cleaning for a long period of time can be eliminated. Therefore, the cost can be reduced and an economic effect can be expected.

  In the lower water tank 1d, a drain pipe 4d formed into a J shape using an upward elbow 4d21 without using the hose 15 is used to discharge feces. In this case as well, the principle is the same as in the case of the hose, and the upper end opening of the upward elbow 4d21 is below the water level of the lower water tank 1d, so that feces are discharged using the level difference of the water level.

  In addition, when cleaning the upper and lower water tanks, the drainage control pipe 13 is removed to discharge all seawater. In the lower water tank, the downward elbow 4d22 is applied to the drain pipe 4d at this time. The bottom surface may be inclined not only by one surface but also by a plurality of inclined surfaces depending on the shape, size, etc. of the water tank, or may be a conical shape. For example, in the case of a cylindrical water tank, it is conceivable to provide a plurality of polluted drainage ports at the lowermost end of the circumference with the center of the bottom circle being the uppermost end and the periphery being inclined conically. Furthermore, you may make a center part of a water tank bottom face the lowest end, and provide a pollution drainage there. In any case, it is sufficient if there is a polluted drain at the lower end of the slope.

  Furthermore, the seawater supplied to the upper water tank 1u via the main pipe 2a and the branch pipe 2b of the seawater supply pipe 2 slowly rises without any stagnation above the branch pipe 2b in the upper water tank 1u and cultivates abalone 7 After forming a water flow that does not stagnate inside, it is discharged from the overflow pipe 3. Seawater that has entered the overflow pipe 3 is supplied to the lower water tank 1d through the main pipe 2a and branch pipe 2b of the seawater supply pipe 2 of the lower water tank 1d. The seawater is from the aquaculture area of the upper water tank 1u. Since the seawater in the aquaculture area is clean, excess seawater in the upper water tank 1u can be supplied to the lower water tank 1d without waste, thereby preventing waste of seawater. Therefore, the utilization efficiency of seawater can be improved.

  On the other hand, if a large amount of air is directly supplied to the aquaculture tank, feces may be diffused into the tank due to agitation by the air. However, in the onshore aquaculture apparatus I of the present invention, dissolved oxygen is replenished outside the aquarium. Such problems can also be avoided.

(Others) The present invention can be specified as follows.

(Appendix 1)
A shellfish aquaculture device in which a seawater supply device having an opening through which seawater is discharged upwards is provided in a water tank.

(Appendix 2)
The aquaculture apparatus according to (Appendix 1), wherein the bottom of the aquarium has a structure inclined by 0.5 to 5/100.

(Appendix 3)
Land aquaculture as described in (Appendix 1) or (Appendix 2) provided with a polluted seawater outlet near the bottom end of the bottom slope and a seawater feeder device at a position 3 to 10 cm from the top bottom apparatus.

(Appendix 4)
Any one of (Appendix 1) to (Appendix 3) having a structure in which water tanks are provided in multiple stages, and seawater from the upper overflow seawater discharge pipe is supplied to the lower water tank via the lower seawater supply device. The aquaculture equipment described in 1.

(Appendix 5)
Watched aquaculture shelters are arranged in the upper seawater from the seawater supply device (Appendix 1)
) To (Attachment 4).

(Appendix 6)
The on-shore aquaculture apparatus according to any one of (Appendix 1) to (Appendix 5) provided with a number necessary for the upward discharge of the seawater supply device to sufficiently flow the entire clean seawater in the aquarium.

(Appendix 7)
The on-shore aquaculture apparatus according to any one of (Appendix 1) to (Appendix 6), wherein a device that retains dissolved oxygen in seawater in an amount necessary for aquaculture is provided outside the aquarium.

(Appendix 8)
The aquaculture apparatus according to (Appendix 1), wherein the polluted seawater discharge device is provided in the lower part of the water tank under the seawater supply apparatus.

(Appendix 9)
The onshore aquaculture apparatus according to (Appendix 4), wherein the polluted seawater discharge device has an opening for sucking the polluted seawater.

  In addition, although the embodiment of the present invention has been described as an onshore aquaculture apparatus, it can also be proposed as an aquaculture method using the onshore aquaculture apparatus.

(Appendix 10)
The structure where the sea bream aquaculture tanks cultivate shells is always supplied with clean seawater and flows without stagnation, and the part where the feces discharged by the shells are accumulated and discharged is discharged outside the aquarium without mixing with the shell culture parts A method for culturing shellfish using an aquaculture tank having

(Appendix 11)
(Attachment 1)-(Attachment 7) The aquaculture method as described in (Supplementary Note 10), which is cultivated using the land culture apparatus for shellfish according to any one of the attachments.

(Appendix 12) The culture method according to (Appendix 10) or (Appendix 11), wherein the seawater used for shellfish culture is deep sea water.

(Supplementary note 13) The culture method according to any one of (Appendix 10) to (Appendix 12), wherein the shellfish is abalone.

  Further, the present invention is not limited to the above-described illustrated examples, and it is needless to say that various modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention.

It is a front schematic diagram of the land culture device concerning the present invention. FIG. 2 is a partially omitted enlarged view of FIG. 1. It is a top view of an upper stage water tank and a lower stage water tank. It is a perspective view of the cage | basket for aquaculture. It is a perspective view of a shelter. It is a figure which shows the state by which seawater is discharged | emitted from the branch pipe with respect to a shelter. It is the VII-VII sectional view taken on the line of FIG.

Explanation of symbols

I Onshore aquaculture equipment 1 Aquaculture tank 1u Upper tank 1 Lower tank 2 Seawater supply pipe (seawater supply equipment)
2a Main pipe 2b Branch pipe 2c Connection pipe 3 Overflow pipe 4u Drain pipe 5 Drain port 6 Bottom face 7 Culture rod 8 Shelter 8a Hole 11 Square material 13 Drain control pipe 15 Hose 15a One end opening 15b Other end opening 21 Open hole (seawater supply port)
22 Control valve l Center line d Distance between branch pipe and water tank bottom center

Claims (2)

An aquarium installed on land and into which seawater can be placed to cultivate shellfish,
A seawater supply device that is provided in the tank and supplies seawater;
In the aquaculture device having a discharge port for discharging the seawater supplied to the aquarium by this seawater supply device,
The supply port of the seawater supply device is arranged away from the bottom of the water tank, and the part above the supply port in the water tank in a state where the water tank is filled with seawater is an aquaculture region for culturing shellfish,
The seawater supply device has a structure for supplying clean seawater toward the aquaculture area,
A shelter is disposed in the seawater above the supply port of the seawater supply device, and the shelter has a hollow rectangular parallelepiped shape that opens downward and closes sideways and above, and a hole is provided on the top surface of the shelter. An aquaculture device characterized by A structure in which the aquarium is provided in multiple stages in the vertical direction, and the clean seawater in the culture area from the overflow seawater discharge pipe provided in the upper aquarium is supplied to the lower aquarium via the lower seawater supply device. The land culture apparatus according to 1.

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