JP4290459B2 - Free cutting hot work tool steel - Google Patents

Free cutting hot work tool steel Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4290459B2
JP4290459B2 JP2003097598A JP2003097598A JP4290459B2 JP 4290459 B2 JP4290459 B2 JP 4290459B2 JP 2003097598 A JP2003097598 A JP 2003097598A JP 2003097598 A JP2003097598 A JP 2003097598A JP 4290459 B2 JP4290459 B2 JP 4290459B2
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Prior art keywords
tool steel
work tool
hot work
machinability
less
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JP2003097598A
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JP2004300558A (en
Inventor
大円 横井
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Sanyo Special Steel Co Ltd
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Sanyo Special Steel Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、被削性に優れた熱間工具鋼に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、熱間金型において、耐ヒートチェック性、耐割れ性は重要な特性であり、これらの特性を高めるためには、靱性の向上が必須である。一方で、最近、金型コスト低減および製作期間短縮の観点から被削性の向上が求められているが、靱性と被削性は、一般的に相反する特性であり、両者を兼備する熱間工具鋼の開発が望まれている。それらの開発の一つとして、例えば特開昭53−16315号公報(特許文献1)は、SとZrを複合添加することにより、S単独添加による効果を上回る被削性の向上、硫化物の延伸の抑制を図っている。また、特開昭57−13155号公報(特許文献2)は、SとTeを複合添加することにより、介在物の粒状化を促進し、介在物起因による鋭角コーナー部での応力集中に伴う初期破壊防止を図っている。
【0003】
また、特開昭57−73170号公報(特許文献3)は、S、Te、Seおよび希土類元素の複合添加により、被削性の向上および非金属介在物の粒状化を図っている。また、特開平1−8253号公報(特許文献4)は、SとPbの複合添加による被削性の向上を図っている。さらに、特開平10−60585号公報(特許文献5)は、S、Te、Caを適量添加することにより、硫化物系介在物が微細化かつ球状化し、耐ヒートチェック性の低下抑制を図っている。
【0004】
【引用文献】
(1)特許文献1(特開昭53−16315号公報)
(2)特許文献2(特開昭57−13155号公報)
(3)特許文献3(特開昭57−73170号公報)
(4)特許文献4(特開平1−8253号公報)
(5)特許文献5(特開平10−60585号公報)
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上述した特許文献1の場合は、SとZrを複合添加することにより、S単独添加による効果を上回る被削性の向上、硫化物の延伸の抑制を図っているが、衝撃値の異方性が大きい。また、特許文献2の場合は、SとTeの複合添加によるものであるが、硫化物の延伸を完全に抑制するには問題がある。また、特許文献3の複合添加は、硫化物のアスペクト比改善に効果があるが、衝撃値の異方性の軽減、ヒートチェックなどの点で課題が残る。また、特許文献4の低融点のPb添加はヒートチェックなどの高温特性を劣化させる。さらに、特許文献5の場合は、衝撃値の異方性の点で課題が残る。
【0006】
上述したような問題を解消するために発明者らは鋭意開発を進めた結果、延伸し難い介在物(CaSe)を切削時のチップブレーカーとして利用し、耐ヒートチェック性および機械的性質の異方性の軽減を図り、被削性および靱性を兼備し、異方性の小さい熱間工具鋼を提供するものである。その発明の要旨とするところは、
(1)質量%で、C:0.15〜0.6%、Si:0.1〜1.5%、Mn:0.1〜0.7%、Cr:3.8〜6.0%、Ni:0.05〜1.2%、Ca:0.0003〜0.1%、Se:0.0003〜0.1%、O:30ppm以下を含有し、かつ、W,Moの1種または2種が、Mo+1/2W:0.8〜2.1、V,Nbの1種または2種が、V+1/2Nb:0.43〜1.59、残部Feおよび不可避的不純物からなることを特徴とする快削熱間工具鋼。
(2)前記(1)に加えて、S:0.02%以下を含有させたことを特徴とする快削熱間工具鋼である。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明に係る成分組成の限定理由について述べる。
C:0.15〜0.6%
Cは、焼入焼戻時の硬さを向上させる重要な元素であるが、しかし、0.15%未満ではその効果が十分でなく、また、0.6%を超えると靱性を低下させることから、その範囲を0.15〜0.6%とする。
Si:0.1〜1.5%
Siは、製鋼時脱酸剤として有用であり、耐酸化性および焼入性を向上させる元素である。しかし、0.1%未満ではその効果が十分でなく、1.5%を超えると熱伝導性の低下および靱性が低下することから、その範囲を0.1〜1.5%とした。
【0008】
Mn:0.1〜0.7%
Mnは、Siと同様に脱酸剤として有用であり、また、焼入性を向上させる元素である。しかし、0.1%未満ではその効果が十分でなく、0.7%を超えると硫化物形成(Mn,Ca)Sによる靱性を低下させることから、その範囲を0.1〜0.7%とした。
Cr:3.8〜6.0%
Crは、耐食性および硬質炭化物を形成し耐摩耗性並びに焼入性を向上させる元素である。しかし、3.8未満ではその効果が十分でなく、6.0%を超えると高温軟化抵抗性が低下し靱性も低下させることから、その範囲を3.8〜6.0%とした。
【0009】
Ni:0.05〜1.2%
Niは、靱性を向上させる有用な元素である。しかし、0.05%未満ではその効果が十分でなく、1.2%を超えると被削性が低下することから、その範囲を0.05〜1.2%とした。
Ca:0.0003〜0.1%
Caは、本発明の最大の特徴とするCaSeを形成し被削性を向上させる。しかし、0.0003%未満ではその効果が十分でなく、0.1%を超えると靱性を低下させることから、その範囲を0.0003〜0.1%とした。望ましくは0.0010〜0.05%とする。
【0010】
Se:0.0003〜0.1%
Seは、Caと同様に、本発明の最大の特徴とするCaSeを形成し被削性を向上させる。しかし、0.0003%未満ではその効果が十分でなく、0.1%を超えると靱性を低下させることから、その範囲を0.0003〜0.1%とした。望ましくは0.0010〜0.05%とする。
Mo+1/2W:0.8〜2.1
Mo、Wは、硬質炭化物を形成し耐摩耗性を向上させ、かつ焼入性、高温軟化抵抗性および高温強度を向上させる。しかし、Mo+1/2Wが0.8未満ではその効果が十分でなく、2.1を超えると靱性を低下させることから、その範囲を0.8〜2.1とした。
【0011】
+1/2Nb:0.43〜1.59
V、Nbは、硬質炭化物を形成し耐摩耗性を向上させ、かつ結晶粒微細化させる。しかし、V+1/2Nbが0.43未満ではその効果が十分でなく、1.59を超えると靱性の低下および熱処理歪みが大きくなることから、その範囲を0.43〜1.59とした。
S:0.02%以下
Sは、硫化物形成(Mn,Ca)Sによる靱性を低下させる。従って、その上限を0.02%とした。
【0012】
O:30ppm以下
Oは、CaSe形成を阻害するCaO形成を抑制するために、不可避的不純物として低ければ低い方が良い。特に、その上限を30ppmとした。望ましくは20ppmとする。 このように、Ca、Seを添加することによりCaSeを形成させる最適範囲を定め、一方、CaSe形成を阻害する合金元素であるMn、SおよびOを制限して、Ca、Seが他元素との化合物を生成することを抑制したものである。
【0013】
【実施例】
以下、本発明について実施例をもって具体的に説明する。
100kg真空誘導溶解炉で鋼塊を溶製し、表1に示す化学成分を有する各種鋼をインゴットに鋳造し、角50H×100Wに鍛伸(加熱温度1200℃)し、焼鈍後、その試験片を粗加工後焼入焼戻して仕上げ加工し、各種試験材に供した。その結果を表1に示す。表1に示す各種性能試験は以下の通りである。
(1)被削性試験
試験片:50H×100W×200L、焼鈍硬さ80〜90HRB
試験条件:SKH51製φ8ドリル、深さ10mm穿孔するのに要する時間で評価した。
【0014】
(2)シャルピー衝撃試験
試験片:50H×100WのL方向(鍛伸方向)、T方向(L方向の垂直方向)10×10×55L、焼入焼戻硬さ45HRC、10R2mmUノッチ
(3)ヒートチェック試験
試験片:φ40×100L、焼入焼戻硬さ45HRC
試験条件:650℃←→室温の加熱冷却を2000回繰返し、試験片表面に生じたクラックの平均長さで評価した。
【0015】
【表1】

Figure 0004290459
【0016】
表1に示すように、No.1〜は本発明例であり、No.は比較例である。比較例No.はSi、Ca、Se量が低いために、被削性が悪い。比較例No.はC、Cr,Ca、O量が高く、Mo+1/2Wが低いために、衝撃値比(T/L)および耐ヒートチェック性が悪い。比較例No.はC量が低く、Si、S量が高く、また、Mo+1/2Wが高く、かつ、V+1/2Nbが低いために、衝撃値比(T/L)および耐ヒートチェック性が悪い。比較例No.はMn、Ni、Se、O量が高く、Cr量が低く、かつV+1/2Nbが高いために、衝撃値L方向、衝撃値比(T/L)および耐ヒートチェック性が悪い。これに対し、本発明例であるNo.1〜はいずれの特性にも優れていることが判る。
【0017】
【発明の効果】
以上述べたように、本発明による延伸し難い介在物(CaSe)を切削時のチップブレーカーとして利用し、耐ヒートチェック性および機械的性質の異方性の軽減を図り、被削性および靱性を兼備し、異方性の小さい熱間工具鋼を提供できる極めて優れた効果を奏するものである。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a hot work tool steel excellent in machinability.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, in a hot mold, heat check resistance and crack resistance are important characteristics, and in order to improve these characteristics, it is essential to improve toughness. On the other hand, recently, improvement in machinability has been demanded from the viewpoint of mold cost reduction and shortening of production period, but toughness and machinability are generally contradictory properties, and both are hot Development of tool steel is desired. As one of those developments, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 53-16315 (Patent Document 1) discloses that by adding S and Zr in combination, the machinability is improved more than the effect of adding S alone, Stretching is suppressed. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 57-13155 (Patent Document 2) promotes granulation of inclusions by adding S and Te in combination, and initially involves stress concentration at an acute corner caused by inclusions. We are trying to prevent destruction.
[0003]
JP-A-57-73170 (Patent Document 3) aims to improve machinability and granulate non-metallic inclusions by adding S, Te, Se and rare earth elements in combination. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 1-8253 (Patent Document 4) aims to improve machinability by adding S and Pb in combination. Furthermore, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-60585 (Patent Document 5) aims to suppress the decrease in heat check resistance by adding appropriate amounts of S, Te, and Ca to make the sulfide inclusions finer and spherical. Yes.
[0004]
[Cited document]
(1) Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 53-16315)
(2) Patent Document 2 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 57-13155)
(3) Patent Document 3 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 57-73170)
(4) Patent Document 4 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-8253)
(5) Patent Document 5 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-60585)
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the case of Patent Document 1 described above, by adding S and Zr in combination, the machinability is improved more than the effect of adding S alone, and the extension of sulfide is suppressed. Isotropic. In the case of Patent Document 2, this is due to the combined addition of S and Te, but there is a problem in completely suppressing the stretching of the sulfide. Further, the composite addition of Patent Document 3 is effective in improving the aspect ratio of the sulfide, but problems remain in terms of reduction of anisotropy of impact value, heat check, and the like. Also, the addition of low melting point Pb in Patent Document 4 deteriorates high temperature characteristics such as heat check. Furthermore, in the case of Patent Document 5, a problem remains in terms of the anisotropy of the impact value.
[0006]
As a result of diligent development to solve the above-mentioned problems, the inventors have used an inclusion (CaSe) that is difficult to stretch as a chip breaker at the time of cutting, and the heat check resistance and the mechanical properties are different. It is intended to provide a hot work tool steel having both a machinability and a toughness and a small anisotropy. The gist of the invention is that
(1) in mass%, C: 0.15~0.6%, Si : 0.1~1.5%, Mn: 0.1~0.7%, Cr: 3.8 ~6.0% Ni: 0.05-1.2%, Ca: 0.0003-0.1%, Se: 0.0003-0.1%, O: 30 ppm or less , and one of W and Mo Or, two types are Mo +1/2 W: 0.8 to 2.1 , one or two types of V and Nb are V +1/2 Nb: 0.43 to 1.59 , the remainder Fe and inevitable impurities Free-cutting hot work tool steel characterized by comprising
(2) A free-cutting hot work tool steel characterized by containing S: 0.02% or less in addition to (1).
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the reasons for limiting the component composition according to the present invention will be described.
C: 0.15-0.6%
C is an important element for improving the hardness during quenching and tempering. However, if it is less than 0.15%, the effect is not sufficient, and if it exceeds 0.6%, the toughness is reduced. Therefore, the range is made 0.15 to 0.6%.
Si: 0.1 to 1.5%
Si is useful as a deoxidizer during steelmaking, and is an element that improves oxidation resistance and hardenability. However, if it is less than 0.1%, the effect is not sufficient, and if it exceeds 1.5%, the thermal conductivity and toughness are reduced, so the range was made 0.1 to 1.5%.
[0008]
Mn: 0.1 to 0.7%
Mn is useful as a deoxidizing agent like Si, and is an element that improves hardenability. However, if the content is less than 0.1%, the effect is not sufficient. If the content exceeds 0.7%, the toughness due to sulfide formation (Mn, Ca) S is reduced. It was.
Cr: 3.8 to 6.0%
Cr is an element that forms corrosion resistance and hard carbide to improve wear resistance and hardenability. However, if it is less than 3.8 , the effect is not sufficient, and if it exceeds 6.0%, the high-temperature softening resistance decreases and the toughness also decreases, so the range was set to 3.8 to 6.0%.
[0009]
Ni: 0.05-1.2%
Ni is a useful element that improves toughness. However, if it is less than 0.05%, the effect is not sufficient, and if it exceeds 1.2%, the machinability deteriorates, so the range was made 0.05 to 1.2%.
Ca: 0.0003 to 0.1%
Ca forms CaSe, which is the greatest feature of the present invention, and improves machinability. However, if it is less than 0.0003%, the effect is not sufficient, and if it exceeds 0.1%, the toughness is lowered, so the range was made 0.0003 to 0.1%. Desirably, the content is 0.0010 to 0.05%.
[0010]
Se: 0.0003 to 0.1%
Se, like Ca, forms CaSe, which is the greatest feature of the present invention, and improves machinability. However, if it is less than 0.0003%, the effect is not sufficient, and if it exceeds 0.1%, the toughness is lowered, so the range was made 0.0003 to 0.1%. Desirably, the content is 0.0010 to 0.05%.
Mo +1/2 W: 0.8 to 2.1
Mo and W form hard carbides to improve wear resistance and improve hardenability, high temperature softening resistance, and high temperature strength. However, if Mo +1/2 W is less than 0.8 , the effect is not sufficient, and if it exceeds 2.1 , the toughness is lowered, so the range was set to 0.8 to 2.1 .
[0011]
V +1/2 Nb: 0.43 to 1.59
V and Nb form hard carbides, improve wear resistance, and refine crystal grains. However, if V +1/2 Nb is less than 0.43 , the effect is not sufficient, and if it exceeds 1.59 , the toughness decreases and the heat treatment strain increases, so the range was set to 0.43 to 1.59 . .
S: 0.02% or less S reduces toughness due to sulfide formation (Mn, Ca) S. Therefore, the upper limit was made 0.02%.
[0012]
O: 30 ppm or less O is preferable if it is low as an inevitable impurity in order to suppress CaO formation that inhibits CaSe formation. In particular, the upper limit was set to 30 ppm. Desirably 20 ppm. In this way, by adding Ca and Se, the optimum range for forming CaSe is determined. On the other hand, Mn, S, and O, which are alloy elements that inhibit CaSe formation, are limited, and Ca and Se are different from other elements. It suppresses generation of a compound.
[0013]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples.
A steel ingot is melted in a 100 kg vacuum induction melting furnace, various steels having chemical components shown in Table 1 are cast into an ingot, forged to a corner of 50H × 100W (heating temperature 1200 ° C.), annealed, and then a test piece After roughing, the steel was quenched and tempered and finished to provide various test materials. The results are shown in Table 1. Various performance tests shown in Table 1 are as follows.
(1) Machinability test specimen: 50H × 100W × 200L, annealing hardness 80-90HRB
Test conditions: Evaluation was made based on the time required for drilling a SKH 51 φ8 drill with a depth of 10 mm.
[0014]
(2) Charpy impact test specimen: L direction (forging direction) of 50H × 100W, T direction (vertical direction of L direction) 10 × 10 × 55L, quenching and tempering hardness 45HRC, 10R2mmU notch (3) Heat Check test specimen: φ40 × 100L, quenching and tempering hardness 45HRC
Test conditions: Heating and cooling at 650 ° C. ← → room temperature were repeated 2000 times, and the average length of cracks generated on the surface of the test piece was evaluated.
[0015]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004290459
[0016]
As shown in Table 1, no. 1 to 5 are examples of the present invention. 6 to 9 are comparative examples. Comparative Example No. 6 Si, Ca, because Se amount is low, the machinability is poor. Comparative Example No. No. 7 has a high amount of C, Cr, Ca and O, and a low Mo + 1 / 2W, so that the impact value ratio (T / L) and heat check resistance are poor. Comparative Example No. No. 8 has a low amount of C, a high amount of Si and S, a high Mo + 1 / 2W, and a low V + 1 / 2Nb, so the impact value ratio (T / L) and heat check resistance are poor. Comparative Example No. No. 9 has a high amount of Mn, Ni, Se, O, a low amount of Cr, and a high V + 1 / 2Nb. Therefore, impact value L direction, impact value ratio (T / L), and heat check resistance are poor. On the other hand, No. which is an example of the present invention. It turns out that 1-5 are excellent also in any characteristic.
[0017]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, inclusions that are difficult to stretch (CaSe) according to the present invention are used as chip breakers at the time of cutting to reduce heat anisotropy and anisotropy of mechanical properties, thereby improving machinability and toughness. In addition, it has an extremely excellent effect of providing hot tool steel with low anisotropy.

Claims (2)

質量%で、
C:0.15〜0.6%、
Si:0.1〜1.5%、
Mn:0.1〜0.7%、
Cr:3.8〜6.0%、
Ni:0.05〜1.2%、
Ca:0.0003〜0.1%、
Se:0.0003〜0.1%、
O:30ppm以下
を含有し、かつ、W,Moの1種または2種が、Mo+1/2W:0.8〜2.1、V,Nbの1種または2種が、V+1/2Nb:0.43〜1.59、残部Feおよび不可避的不純物からなることを特徴とする快削熱間工具鋼。
% By mass
C: 0.15-0.6%
Si: 0.1 to 1.5%,
Mn: 0.1 to 0.7%,
Cr: 3.8 to 6.0%,
Ni: 0.05-1.2%,
Ca: 0.0003 to 0.1%,
Se: 0.0003 to 0.1%,
O: 30 ppm or less , and one or two of W and Mo are Mo +1/2 W: 0.8 to 2.1 , one or two of V and Nb are V +1/2 Nb: 0.43 to 1.59 , a free cutting hot work tool steel comprising the balance Fe and inevitable impurities.
請求項1に加えて、S:0.02%以下を含有させたことを特徴とする快削熱間工具鋼。A free-cutting hot work tool steel containing S: 0.02% or less in addition to claim 1.
JP2003097598A 2003-04-01 2003-04-01 Free cutting hot work tool steel Expired - Fee Related JP4290459B2 (en)

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