JP4284513B2 - Wireless transmitter, data collection system, and data communication method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a wireless transmitter, a data collection system, and a data communication method.

  When data communication is performed between a plurality of wireless transmitters and one receiver, it is necessary to prevent data collision when data transmitted from the plurality of wireless transmitters is received by one receiver. There is.

  In general, there is known a method for preventing radio wave collision by shifting the carrier frequency of transmission of each wireless transmitter. According to this method, reception corresponding to a plurality of carrier frequencies is performed on the host (data receiver) side. The function of switching the circuit or the reception frequency is required, and the cost increases.

  In order to avoid such a situation, it is preferable that each radio transmitter adopts the same carrier frequency. In this case, how to prevent collision of data transmitted from a plurality of radio transmitters at the same carrier frequency. There was a problem.

  For example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-191666 describes an example in which a wireless tag has a wireless LAN / bluetooth transmission / reception function, and a data transmission timing is instructed from a host to each wireless tag to prevent data collision. .

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-238193 describes an example in which each tag transmits at an individual transmission interval to prevent radio wave collision.
JP 2002-191466 A JP 11-238193 A

  However, when data collision is prevented by instructing the data transmission timing from the host to each information transmission device as described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-191666, each information transmission device requires a transmission / reception function. As the cost increases, it is necessary to keep each information transmission device in a receivable state, so that it is difficult to operate with a battery for a long time.

  Also, as described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-238193, when each transmitter transmits at an individual transmission interval to prevent radio wave collision, the number of data per unit time (data density) is determined by the transmitter. In contrast, there is a problem in that the quality of the data as a whole decreases and the data is difficult to use.

  The present invention has been made in view of the technical problems as described above, and an object of the present invention is to have a configuration capable of avoiding collision of data transmitted from each wireless transmitter at the same transmission frequency. To provide a wireless transmitter, a data collection system, and a data communication method.

(1) The present invention relates to a transmission timing for determining data transmission timing at a timing delayed by a random delay time with respect to a reciprocal of the number of transmissions per unit time or a main interval set as an average data transmission interval. A decision unit;
A data transmission unit that wirelessly transmits data based on the determined transmission timing,
The transmission timing determination unit
Detecting the timing of the main interval break;
Generate a random number for random delay setting to set a random delay time within a range shorter than the main interval,
A wireless transmitter characterized by detecting a timing delayed by a random delay time set based on the random delay setting random number from the timing of the separation of the main interval, and determining the timing as a transmission timing is there.

  Here, the wireless transmitter includes, for example, an RF (Radio Frequency) tag, a non-contact type radio frequency identification device (wireless tag), and the like.

  The transmission timing determination unit may be realized by hardware by providing a dedicated circuit, or may be realized by software using, for example, a CPU or timer of a microcomputer.

  The data to be transmitted may be data detected / acquired from the outside by a data detection / acquisition function of the wireless transmitter. Further, for example, data (for example, ID data) for identifying the wireless transmitter stored in the internal memory may be used.

  The data transmission unit can be realized by a wireless transmission IC and an antenna.

  According to the present invention, a wireless transmitter capable of transmitting data at a timing delayed by a random time each time within a predetermined main interval, that is, the transmission interval is different each time, A wireless transmitter capable of transmitting data at a rate can be provided.

  You may make it include the transmission data generation part which produces | generates the data for transmission. In this case, the transmission data generation unit may generate transmission data based on data stored in an internal storage unit, or may generate transmission data based on data detected from the outside.

  Moreover, the case where the result of having performed predetermined calculation with respect to the data detected from the outside may be produced | generated as transmission data.

(2) The wireless transmitter of the present invention
A data detection / measurement unit for detecting / measuring data related to external information at a given time;
Transmission data is generated based on the data detected / measured by the data detection / measurement unit and transmitted.

  Here, the data relating to external information is, for example, data relating to external temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, position, and the like. The data detection / measurement unit can be realized by, for example, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an atmospheric pressure sensor, a GPS receiver, or the like.

  The data detection / measurement unit further includes a data detection / measurement time acquisition unit that acquires the detection / measurement time of the data detected / measured, and the data detection / measurement time together with the data detected / measured by the data detection / measurement unit. May be generated and transmitted.

(3) The wireless transmitter of the present invention
The present invention is characterized in that data for transmission including data transmitted in the past and data transmitted for the first time is generated and transmitted.

  In this case, the data transmitted in the past may be, for example, data transmitted last time, or data transmitted last time and two times before or last time.

  By setting the appropriate number of times according to the nature of the data and the data transmission environment, it is possible to give the system the necessary redundancy. be able to.

  According to the present invention, even if data loss occurs on the receiving side, it can be compensated with the next data.

(4) The wireless transmitter of the present invention
It further includes an ID data storage unit for identifying the own device,
Transmitting data including ID data stored in the ID data storage unit is transmitted.

(5) The wireless transmitter of the present invention
The wireless transmitter is a wireless tag.

  The wireless tag is a non-contact type electronic tag (tag) having an IC chip and an antenna embedded therein and having a communication function (in the present invention, only a transmission function is required).

(6) The present invention
A data collection system including a plurality of wireless transmitters according to any of the above and a data receiving device that receives data from the plurality of wireless transmitters,
The wireless transmitter transmits data for transmission including ID data of its own wireless transmitter toward a data collection device at a predetermined frequency,
The data receiving device is:
A data receiving unit for receiving data transmitted from a wireless transmitter at a predetermined frequency;
A data collection system including a data storage unit that stores data in association with ID data of a wireless transmitter included in received data.

(7) The present invention
A data communication method in a system for collecting data by receiving data transmitted from a plurality of wireless transmitters by a single data receiving device,
Each radio transmitter
Detect the timing of the main interval set as the inverse of the number of transmissions per unit time or the average transmission interval of data,
Generate a random number for random delay setting to set a random delay time within a range shorter than the main interval,
By detecting the timing delayed by a random delay time set based on the random number for setting the random delay from the timing of the main interval, and determining the timing as the transmission timing, Decide the data transmission timing at the timing delayed by the delay time,
Based on the determined transmission timing, data is wirelessly transmitted to the data receiving device at a predetermined frequency.

  DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The embodiments described below do not unduly limit the contents of the present invention described in the claims. Moreover, not all of the configurations described below are essential constituent requirements of the present invention.

  FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of the wireless transmitter (wireless tag) of this embodiment.

  The wireless transmitter (wireless tag) 100 of the present embodiment is a wireless transmitter (wireless tag) having a transmission function and does not need a reception function.

  A wireless transmitter (wireless tag) 100 according to the present embodiment includes a wireless transmission unit 110, a processing unit 120, a storage unit 130, an ID storage unit 140, a data detection unit 150, a power supply unit 160, and an antenna 170. Including.

The processing unit 120 performs processing such as generation of transmission data, determination processing of transmission timing, and overall control of the operation of the entire wireless transmitter, and the functions thereof are various processors (such as a CPU), or Hardware such as ASIC (gate array, etc.) and given program (microprogram, etc.)
Can be realized.

  The processing unit 120 functions as a transmission timing determination unit that determines a transmission timing for transmitting data for transmission, detects a timing at which the main interval is separated, and sets a random delay time within a range shorter than the main interval. A random delay setting random number is generated, a timing delayed by a random delay time set based on the random delay setting random number from the timing of the main interval is detected, and the timing is used as a transmission timing Perform the decision process.

  The determination of the transmission timing may be realized in software using a built-in timer or the like, or may be realized in hardware (dedicated circuit).

  For example, the timing of the main interval can be realized by counting the clocks generated by the clock generation means or the like.

  The processing unit 120 functions as a transmission data generation unit that generates transmission data.

  For example, the transmission data may be created based on the data stored in the storage unit 130, the transmission data may be created based on the data detected by the data detection unit 150, or the data calculated by the processing unit 120 The transmission data may be created based on the above.

  The wireless transmission unit 110 performs processing for transmitting data, and can be realized by, for example, RFIC. The wireless transmission unit 110 functions as a data transmission unit that wirelessly transmits the transmission data at a determined transmission timing.

  The wireless transmission unit 110 is a functional module that performs wireless transmission to the outside in accordance with a command from the processing unit (CPU) 120, for example, and transmits a baseband block that controls signal transmission and a predetermined RF frequency signal via the antenna 170. An RF block or the like may be provided. Further, for example, a general-purpose logic device such as an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) that allows the user to change the internal logic by a program after completion of the IC can be used.

  Here, the wireless transmission unit 110 transmits data at a predetermined frequency (a frequency set to have the same frequency by a plurality of tags constituting the system). All RF tags constituting the system have the same frequency and channel.

  The storage unit 130 is a work area such as the processing unit 120 (or the wireless transmission unit 110 or the data detection unit 150), and can be realized by hardware such as a RAM.

  The ID storage unit 140 is a storage medium storing an ID for identifying each wireless transmitter, is a nonvolatile storage area, and is a writable nonvolatile memory such as a ROM or an EEPROM (Electrically Erasable and Programmable ROM). It can be realized by hardware such as a device.

  The data detection unit 150 is for detecting data to be transmitted. For example, in the case of transmitting temperature data, the data detection unit 150 can be realized by a thermistor or the like, and a data detection / detection for detecting data at a given time t. Functions as a measurement unit.

  The data to be detected / measured is not limited to temperature, but may be humidity, atmospheric pressure, position data, or the like.

  The power supply unit 160 is for supplying power to the wireless transmitter, and can be realized by an internal battery or the like.

  The antenna 170 may be a half-wave dipole antenna or the like.

  In the present embodiment, for example, a wireless transmitter configured to transmit only its own ID data stored in the ID storage unit 140 as data for transmission is also included. In such a case, the data detection unit 150 is not an essential configuration.

  Further, data measured or detected by the data detection unit 150 at a given time may be transmitted as measurement (detection) time + measurement (detection) data.

  The measured data may be transmitted immediately at the next transmission timing, or the measured data may be accumulated in the storage unit 130 several times and then transmitted together.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the data collection system of the present embodiment.

  The data collection system 10 of this embodiment includes a plurality of wireless transmitters (wireless tags) 100-1, 100-2, 100-3, ..., 100-n and the plurality of wireless transmitters (wireless tags). 100-1, 100-2, 100-3,..., 100-n includes a data receiving device 20 that receives data transmitted wirelessly.

  The wireless transmitters (wireless tags) 100-1, 100-2, 100-3,..., 100-n are for transmission including their own wireless tag IDs toward the data receiving device 20 at a predetermined frequency. Send data.

  The data reception device 20 includes a wireless reception unit 22, a processing unit 24, a data storage unit 26, an antenna 28, and the like.

  The wireless receiver 22 is a data receiver that receives data transmitted from a plurality of wireless transmitters (wireless tags) 100-1, 100-2, 100-3,..., 100-n at a predetermined frequency. Function.

  The processing unit 24 performs processing for storing the received data in the data storage unit 26 in association with the wireless tag ID included in the received data.

  The data storage unit 26 stores reception data associated with the wireless tag ID.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the data transmission timing of the wireless transmitter (wireless tag) of the present embodiment.

  In this embodiment, times 232, 242, 252 delayed by random delays ΔT1, ΔT2, ΔT3,... With respect to the main interval T, which is a constant interval, are set as transmission timings 1, 2, 3,. decide.

  For example, when the times divided by the main interval are T1 (230), T2 (240), and T3 (250), respectively, transmission timing 1 (232) is T1 + ΔT1, transmission timing 2 (242) is T2 + ΔT2, and transmission timing 3 (252) ) Becomes T3 + ΔT3.

  The main interval T, which is a constant interval, is a time interval set as the reciprocal of the number of transmissions per unit time or the average data transmission interval, and can be determined according to the nature of the data to be transmitted. For example, when it is necessary to acquire data once per hour, the main interval can be set to one hour. When data needs to be acquired once per minute, the main interval can be set to one minute. .

  The random delay (random delay time) is a random value obtained by generating a random number, and the possible range is 0 or more and less than the value of the main interval. When the value of the main interval is T and the random delay is ΔT, the following equation is established.

0 ≦ ΔT <T
The density of data to be transmitted (data transmission density, number of data transmissions per unit time) depends on the main interval, so the main interval may be set according to the type of data collected by the data collection system. . The main interval may be configured so that the user can set or change it from the outside.

  FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining data transmission timings of a plurality of wireless transmitters (wireless tags) constituting the data collection system of the present embodiment.

  The main interval 1 (310), the main interval 2 (320), and the main interval 3 (330) are in the respective wireless transmitters (wireless tags) 100-1, 100-2, 100-3, ..., 100-n. It represents the main interval. As shown in the figure, the plurality of wireless transmitters (wireless tags) 100-1, 100-2, 100-3,..., 100-n constituting the data collection system of the present embodiment have the same value. Take T.

  The wireless transmitter (wireless tag) 100-1 performs data transmission at the main interval 1, the main interval 2, and the main interval 3 at timings that are randomly delayed by ΔT11, ΔT12, and ΔT13, respectively.

  The wireless transmitter (wireless tag) 100-2 transmits data at the main interval 1, the main interval 2, and the main interval 3 at a timing that is randomly delayed by ΔT21, ΔT22, and ΔT23, respectively.

  The wireless transmitter (wireless tag) 100-3 transmits data at the main interval 1, the main interval 2, and the main interval 3 at a timing that is randomly delayed by ΔT31, ΔT32, and ΔT33, respectively.

  In this way, each of the wireless transmitters (wireless tags) 100-1, 100-2, 100-3,..., 100-n constituting the data collection system has a random delay with respect to the main interval T. Data is transmitted at the specified timing. Accordingly, since the data transmission timing of each wireless transmitter (wireless tag) varies randomly at each transmission, data collision is unlikely to occur when the data receiving device receives data, and the data receiving device of the data collection system takes the data. Less damage.

  In addition, since the plurality of wireless transmitters (wireless tags) 100-1, 100-2, 100-3,..., 100-n constituting the data collection system have the same main interval T, each wireless transmitter Although the transmission interval is different every time for each (wireless tag), the data is transmitted at substantially equal intervals (transmission interval equal to the main interval T on average) as a whole.

  Therefore, the data receiving device of the data collection system receives data from each of the wireless transmitters (wireless tags) 100-1, 100-2, 100-3,... become.

  5A to 5D are diagrams for explaining an example of a configuration of data transmitted by the wireless transmitter (wireless tag) of this embodiment.

  FIG. 5A shows a case where the transmission data 410 includes only ID data (tag ID) 450 of the wireless transmitter (wireless tag). For example, when a non-transmission line transmits its own identification data stored in its own internal memory, such a data configuration may be used.

  In this case, for example, the wireless transmitter (wireless tag) may not simply acquire or detect data relating to external information, but may simply transmit its own identification data at a predetermined interval, or may acquire or detect data relating to external information. As a result, when the data relating to the external information matches a predetermined condition, the identification data of the user may be transmitted.

  FIG. 5B shows a case where the transmission data 420 includes ID data (tag ID) 450 and time data 460 of the wireless transmitter (wireless tag). The time data 460 is time data related to acquisition or transmission of data related to external information, for example. For example, when data related to external information is detected or acquired, data at the time when data related to the external information is detected or acquired may be used. In addition, when data related to external information is not detected or acquired, the time when data related to external information is transmitted, for example, the start time of the corresponding main interval may be used, or an actual result obtained by adding a random delay to the main interval The transmission time may be used.

  In addition, as a result of acquiring and detecting data related to external information, if the data related to external information matches a predetermined condition, the self-identification data is transmitted together with time data related to the time when the data related to external information is detected and acquired. You may do it.

  FIG. 5C is an example of a configuration of transmission data 430 in a case where detection / measurement data for one time is transmitted by one transmission, and includes tag ID data (tag ID) 450, measurement time 470, and measurement data. 480. The measurement time 470 is data relating to the time when the corresponding measurement data 480 is measured.

  The measurement data 480 is data detected or measured by the data detection unit of the wireless transmitter (wireless tag).

  FIG. 5D is an example of a configuration of transmission data 440 in a case where detection / measurement data for a plurality of times is transmitted in one transmission, and includes tag ID data (tag ID) 450 and a plurality of measurement times 1. (470-1), measurement time 2 (470-2), ... measurement time n (470-n) and measurement data 1 (480-1), measurement data 2 (480-2), ... measurement data n (480-n) is included.

  FIG. 5E is another example of a case where detection / measurement data for a plurality of times is transmitted in one transmission, data transmitted in the past (including data transmitted for the first time last time) and data transmitted for the first time this time. This is an example of data 440 ′ for transmission in a configuration for transmitting data including a plurality of times.

  In this case, the transmission data 440 ′ includes tag ID data 450, current measurement time 470 ′ previous measurement time 472 ′ previous measurement time 474 ′, current measurement data 480 ′, previous measurement data 482 ′, and previous measurement data 484 ′. It may be included.

  FIGS. 6A and 6B are diagrams for explaining a case in which transmission data including data transmitted in the past (including data transmitted for the first time last time) and data transmitted for the first time in this embodiment is generated in the present embodiment. It is.

  A table 500 in FIG. 6A is a table showing detection data and data detection times acquired by a certain wireless transmitter (wireless tag) in a predetermined period. The table 500 indicates that data d1 is acquired at time t1, data d2 is acquired at time t2, data d3 is acquired at time t3, and so on.

  In FIG. 6B, 510, 520, and 530 are transmission data generated at times t3, t4, and t5, respectively.

  For example, the transmission data 530 generated at time t5 includes data d4 and d3 transmitted in the past (including data d4 transmitted for the first time last time) and data d5 transmitted for the first time this time.

  In this way, by including data transmitted in the past in the data transmitted this time, even if data loss occurs in the host (data receiving device) due to data collision or the like, it is transmitted from the same wireless transmitter (wireless tag). This missing data can be compensated by receiving the next data.

  For example, when transmission data 510 generated at time t3 is missing, data d3 (data transmitted for the first time at this time) is missing, but time t4 is transmitted from the same wireless transmitter (wireless tag). The missing data can be compensated by receiving the transmission data 520 at time t5 or the data for transmission data 530 at time t5.

  Even if the host (data receiving device) has received the data, but the data cannot be received correctly due to missing bits in the data, etc., it is compared with the previous and next data transmitted from the same wireless transmitter (wireless tag). By doing so, the authenticity of the data can be easily confirmed, and a highly redundant system can be realized.

  FIG. 7 is a flowchart relating to the determination of the transmission timing of the wireless transmitter (wireless tag) of the present embodiment.

  The processing unit of the wireless transmitter (wireless tag) according to the present embodiment repeats the processing of steps S10 to S70 until the processing ends (for example, until the built-in battery or battery is exhausted).

  First, the system time is acquired from the system clock or system clock built in the wireless transmitter (wireless tag) of the present embodiment (step S10).

  It is determined whether or not the acquired system time matches the main interval timing (matches the interval of the main interval). If not, the process returns to step S10 again (step S20). For example, when the main interval is 1 hour and 0 minute 0 second per hour is used as a main interval break, whether or not the acquired system time matches the main interval timing depending on whether or not the minute / second of the system time is 0 minute 0 second. You may make it judge.

  If the acquired system time matches the main interval timing, processing for generating a random number for random delay is performed (step S30).

  Next, the generated random number is set in the timer as a delay time (step S40).

  Then, if there is a notification at every predetermined interval whether there is a delay time elapse notification from the timer, it is determined that it is a transmission timing, and data is transmitted (steps S50 and S60).

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the gist of the present invention.

  In the invention according to the dependent claims of the present invention, a part of the constituent features of the dependent claims can be omitted. Moreover, the principal part of the invention according to one independent claim of the present invention can be made dependent on another independent claim.

It is a functional block diagram of the transmitter (wireless tag) of this Embodiment. It is a figure for demonstrating the data collection system of this Embodiment. It is a figure for demonstrating the data transmission timing of the radio | wireless transmitter (wireless tag) of this Embodiment. It is a figure for demonstrating the data transmission timing of the some radio | wireless transmitter (radio tag) which comprises the data collection system of this Embodiment. 5A to 5D are diagrams for describing an example of a configuration of data transmitted by the wireless transmitter (wireless tag) of this embodiment. FIGS. 6A and 6B are diagrams for explaining the case of generating transmission data including data transmitted in the past (including data transmitted for the first time last time) and data transmitted for the first time this time in the present embodiment. It is. It is a flowchart figure regarding determination of the transmission timing of the wireless transmitter (wireless tag) of this Embodiment.

Explanation of symbols

10 data collection system, 20 data receiver (host), 22 wireless receiver,
24 processing unit, 26 data storage unit, 100 wireless transmitter (wireless tag),
110 wireless transmission unit (RFIC), 120 processing unit (CPU), 130 storage unit,
140 ID storage unit, 150 data detection unit, 160 power supply unit, 210 main interval, 220 random delay, 410, 420, 430, 440 transmission data,
450 Tag ID, 460 Time data

Claims (6)

A transmission timing determining unit that determines a data transmission timing at a timing delayed by a random delay time with respect to a main interval set as an inverse number of transmission times per unit time or an average data transmission interval;
A data transmission unit that wirelessly transmits data based on the determined transmission timing;
A data detection / measurement unit for detecting or measuring data relating to external information at a given time,
The transmission timing determination unit
Detecting the timing of the main interval break;
The main random delay to generate random delay setting random number for setting in the range shorter than the interval,
Detecting a timing delayed by a random delay time set based on the random delay setting random number from the timing of the main interval, and determining the timing as a transmission timing,
The data transmitter is
A wireless tag, comprising: transmission data including data detected or measured by the data detection / measurement unit transmitted in the past and data detected or measured by the data detection / measurement unit transmitted for the first time this time . In claim 1,
A wireless tag comprising a main interval setting unit for setting or changing the main interval. In claim 1 or 2,
Including an ID data storage unit for identifying the own device,
A wireless tag that transmits data for transmission including ID data stored in the ID data storage unit . A data collection system comprising a data receiver for receiving data from a plurality of radio tags and said plurality of radio tag according to claim 3,
The wireless tag transmits data for transmission including ID data of its own wireless tag to a data collection device at a predetermined frequency,
The data receiving device is:
A data receiving unit for receiving the transmission data transmitted from the wireless tag at a predetermined frequency;
And a data storage unit for storing data in association with ID data of the wireless tag included in the received data. A data communication method in a system for collecting data by receiving data transmitted from a plurality of wireless tags by a single data receiving device,
Each wireless tag
Detect the timing of the main interval set as the inverse of the number of transmissions per unit time or the average transmission interval of data,
The main random delay to generate random delay setting random number for setting in the range shorter than the interval,
By detecting the timing delayed by the basis of the random delay setting random set random delay from the timing of delimiting the main interval, randomly separated of the main space by determining the timing as the transmission timing Data transmission timing is determined at a timing delayed by an appropriate delay time,
Generate transmission data including measurement data transmitted in the past and measurement data transmitted for the first time this time,
A data communication method comprising: wirelessly transmitting the transmission data to a data receiving device at a predetermined frequency based on the determined transmission timing. In claim 5,
A data communication method, wherein each of the wireless tags can set or change the main interval.

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