CN113065365B - Multi-subcarrier multi-address passive wireless sensing system based on backscattering technology - Google Patents
Multi-subcarrier multi-address passive wireless sensing system based on backscattering technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN113065365B CN113065365B CN202110289246.5A CN202110289246A CN113065365B CN 113065365 B CN113065365 B CN 113065365B CN 202110289246 A CN202110289246 A CN 202110289246A CN 113065365 B CN113065365 B CN 113065365B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
- G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
- G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
- G06K7/10019—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves resolving collision on the communication channels between simultaneously or concurrently interrogated record carriers.
- G06K7/10069—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves resolving collision on the communication channels between simultaneously or concurrently interrogated record carriers. the collision being resolved in the frequency domain, e.g. by hopping from one frequency to the other
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
- G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
- G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
- G06K19/0722—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips comprising an arrangement for testing the record carrier
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
- G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
- G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
- G06K19/0723—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
- G06K7/0008—General problems related to the reading of electronic memory record carriers, independent of its reading method, e.g. power transfer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
- H04W4/38—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for collecting sensor information
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of backscattering communication, and particularly relates to a multi-subcarrier multi-access passive wireless sensing system based on a backscattering technology. The reader-writer enables each sensor tag to have a unique channel for communication by allocating different subcarrier frequencies to the sensor tags, and therefore data of a plurality of sensors can be collected simultaneously. The sensor tag comprises a standard tag, a subcarrier generating circuit, a data frame generating circuit and a sensor. The tag generates stable voltage to supply power to the tag and the sensor by receiving carrier waves of the reader, and an external power supply is not needed. When the reader configures the subcarrier of the label, the label returns to a section of subcarrier, so that a configuration loop is formed between the reader and the label, and accurate subcarrier can be obtained through multiple configurations. The reader may group each tag and the selected tags begin to continue returning sensor data upon receiving an activation command. The sensors mentioned herein are not limited to sensors that can be any source of data. The invention enables the sensor label to be chip-based.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of backscattering communication, and particularly relates to a multi-subcarrier multi-address passive wireless sensing system based on a backscattering technology.
Background
Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) has been a very popular study. The SHM is mainly applied to health monitoring of structures such as bridges, buildings, machinery, aerospace vehicles and the like. These application scenarios are closely related to human lives, and once a structural health problem occurs, many people are directly lost, such as bridge collapse, airplane crash and the like. It can be seen that structural health detection is very necessary and significant.
Since the structural health monitoring requires a long time for monitoring, it is also necessary to consider installation and maintenance costs. The traditional structural health monitoring always uses a mode of connecting a sensor through a wire, although a monitoring signal of the mode of wire sensing can be stable, the installation and later maintenance costs can be high and the installation is inflexible, so that a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technology which has lower installation and maintenance costs and gradually improved performance is gradually favored. The sensors are placed at different positions of the structure, monitored sensor data are transmitted to the receiver in a wireless transmission mode and then transmitted to the computer, and the computer can judge whether potential safety hazards exist in the structure according to the received sensor data at each position and evaluate the health degree of the structure.
There are many ways that wireless sensing can be performed, such as bluetooth, backscatter, WIFI, mobile communication network, but apart from the backscatter technology being able to be powerless, several other technologies must use external power. In some application scenarios, battery replacement is difficult or even impossible to directly prohibit use, and even if the battery is replaced occasionally, safety concerns arise, particularly in the aerospace field. Wireless sensing without an external power source is a trend.
In structural health monitoring application or other applications, most of used wireless sensors can only sense a single sensor, and cannot receive information of other sensors while receiving information of one sensor, so that the sensing efficiency of a sensing system is greatly reduced. In addition, in many cases, more than one sensor is required to calculate certain technical parameters, such as resonant frequency and resonant vibration mode, which are correlated with acceleration information synchronized at multiple locations on the structure. Therefore, it is necessary and important to implement parallel reception of synchronized multi-sensor data streams.
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology, which is commonly used in backscatter technology, has an important advantage that each tag has a unique Electronic Product Code (EPC), which provides technical support for receiving multiple sensor data streams in parallel and identifying each sensor number.
Many scholars are studying how to realize a passive wireless sensing system capable of receiving parallel data streams, but most scholars can only realize the passive wireless sensing system and cannot realize the function of receiving the parallel data streams. auto-ID japanese laboratory, university of jukushu (Keio), japan, uses a multi-carrier multiple access (MSMA) technique similar to Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), the idea being to assign each tag a different subcarrier frequency, each subcarrier frequency being a communication channel. Although they do the function of receiving parallel data streams, they still use an external power supply to power, are not able to configure the tag, and are not able to integrate the sensor tag into the chip.
Based on the problems, the invention provides a multi-subcarrier multi-access passive wireless sensing system based on a backscattering technology. The system can not only realize the functions of being passive, wireless, highly integrated and receiving parallel synchronous data streams of the sensing system, but also realize the accurate calibration of subcarrier frequencies of the sensor tags, grouping of the sensor tags, enabling the selected grouping tags to simultaneously return the data streams in parallel, receiving parallel data and identifying each tag through each electronic product code.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multi-subcarrier multi-access passive wireless sensing system based on a backscattering technology, which can realize the functions of passive, wireless, high integration and parallel synchronous data stream receiving of the sensing system, and also realize the accurate calibration of subcarrier frequencies of sensor tags, grouping of the sensor tags, parallel data return of the selected grouped tags, parallel data receiving and identification of each tag through each electronic product code.
The schematic diagram of the multi-subcarrier multiple-access passive wireless sensing system based on the backscattering technology is shown in fig. 1, and the system comprises: the reader 110, the circulator 120, the antenna 130, and the sensor tag chip 220/230/240 composed of the standard tag circuit 140, the memory module 150, the low dropout regulator 160, the subcarrier generating circuit 170, the sensor 180, the digital control circuit and register 190, the data frame generating circuit 200, and the selector 210. The reader 110 and the standard tag circuit 140 include radio frequency and protocol baseband parts for normal communication between the two.
Under the standard rfid communication protocol framework, using one of the session conditions (e.g., S0 session), the reader 110 performs Inventory (Inventory) operations on the sensor tags 220 as specified by the protocol, so that a communication connection can be established with each sensor tag and Electronic Product Code (EPC) data of each tag can be known. Knowing the electronics code of each tag, a Select command can be used to Select one of the tags and then communicate using the standard steps in the protocol to establish a connection while writing grouping information (Zone ID) to the sensor tag, as shown in fig. 2.
Next, the reader 110 assigns a non-interfering subcarrier communication channel to each sensor tag 220. The reader/writer 110 sends subcarrier configuration data to the sensor tag 220, the data includes an address and data to be written, the standard tag circuit 140 receives the information and then transmits the information to the digital control circuit and the register 190, and the subcarrier control register in the module receives the information and then changes the frequency of the subcarrier generating circuit 170. Meanwhile, before the standard tag circuit 140 returns to the reader 110 in the write operation state defined by the protocol, the digital control circuit 190 controls the subcarrier generation circuit 170, the data frame generation circuit 200, and the selector 210 so that the subcarriers are directly transmitted to the standard tag circuit 140, and then the sensor tag 220 returns the subcarriers for about 8ms, as shown in fig. 3. The reader 110 receives the subcarrier and analyzes whether the subcarrier frequency is consistent with the expected frequency, if not, the reader carries out calibration configuration again according to the steps, thus forming a frequency calibration loop of the subcarrier, and enabling the sensor tag to work under the accurate subcarrier frequency. The subcarrier frequency configuration flow and calibration loop are shown in fig. 4.
Next, the sensors are configured according to different sensor configuration requirements, as shown in fig. 5. The reader 110 sends sensor configuration data to the sensor tag 220, the data includes an address and data to be written, the standard tag circuit 140 receives the information and then transmits the information to the digital control circuit and the register 190, and the sensor control register in the module receives the information and then transmits the data to the sensor 180 for sensor configuration. Since a plurality of instructions are required for general sensor configuration, a plurality of operations sequentially write configuration information into the sensor 180 to complete configuration operation.
Next, the other sensor tags are sequentially configured one by one in the same manner.
Finally, all sensor tags in a certain group are simultaneously returned to the sensor data in parallel, as shown in fig. 6. The reader 110 transmits a Select command (Select) containing packet data (Zone ID) to the sensor tag 220 using other session conditions such as S3 session, under which if the packet data (Zone ID) value in the storage module 150 is identical to the data in the command, all the selected sensor tags are out of protocol control, performing fixed reaction in the digital control circuit and the memory 190. The fixed reaction is that the data detected by the sensor 180 is transmitted to the data frame generation circuit 200, so as to perform frame processing on the sensor data, the digital control circuit and the register 190 will generate a control signal, the control selector 210 only selects the data from the data frame circuit 200 and ignores the data to be output by the protocol in the standard tag circuit 140, and the selector 210 continuously and uninterruptedly reflects the sensor data after frame processing through the radio frequency part in the standard tag circuit 140. The data returned by each tag uses subcarriers with different frequencies, so that the returned data cannot interfere with each other, and the reader 110 prestores an algorithm for removing harmonic interference, so that the data of all the sensors can be synchronously analyzed in parallel.
The packet data (Zone ID) is stored in the storage module 150, which is a storage unit that is not prone to data loss after power-off, such as storing the packet data (Zone ID) in an EEPROM. According to the user's requirement, the reader 110 writes the user's packet data (Zone ID) into the tag's memory module 150 using a Write command (Write), which is still present after power-off and can be changed at any time. The method for grouping the sensor tags greatly improves the flexibility and efficiency of data collection.
The LDO 160 is used to generate a stable reference voltage and a reference current, and may provide the reference voltage for the sensor tag 220 and the reference current for the oscillator in the subcarrier generation circuit.
The subcarrier generation circuit 170 includes a Digitally Controlled Oscillator (DCO) and a frequency divider that can perform multi-bit calibration, control registers of the oscillator and the frequency divider are stored in the digital control circuit and the register 190, different subcarriers are obtained through different combinations, different combinations are designed in the early stage, and when different subcarrier frequencies are configured, a table is looked up to find out a default control word. Since the subcarrier generated by the subcarrier generation circuit 170 is also used by the digital control circuit and the register 190, the system will initially oscillate the oscillator in the subcarrier generation circuit 170 at a default frequency, that is, at an oscillation frequency when the control word is all 0 s.
The data frame generation circuit 200 is capable of frame processing the sensor data and includes a frame formation portion, which in turn includes a header, packet data, frame count, data, CRC5, a Miller code (Miller encode) portion, and subcarrier modulation circuitry. The frame header plays a role in synchronization and serves as a reference of Miller coding; the grouped data represents the area where the label is located; the frame count is the count of the currently transmitted data frame; CRC5 is the result of a check from the packet data to the data. The whole data frame, except the frame header, is miller encoded, and finally the whole data frame is subcarrier modulated and then transmitted by backscatter modulation, as shown in fig. 7. After the specific frame structure is added, the difficulty of identifying data by the reader 110 is reduced, and the identification efficiency is improved.
The selector 210 may select the data to be returned by the tag, either as protocol specified data or sensor data. By default, the selector 210 will return protocol-specified data, the sensor tag being indistinguishable from a traditional tag; after the Select command received in the S3 session mode is selected, the sensor tag will give up the protocol specification, and the digital control circuit and register 190 will generate a control signal to control the selector 210 to disconnect the protocol data port and connect the sensor data port, and the sensor tag will continue to return the sensor data.
In performing subcarrier frequency calibration, a calibration loop is formed between the reader 110 and the sensor tag 220, as shown in FIG. 4. The reader 110 sends out subcarrier configuration data, the sensor tag 220 returns the configured subcarrier frequency after receiving the configuration, and the reader 110 can continue to configure according to the received subcarrier frequency, so that a calibration loop is formed, and the subcarrier configuration precision is greatly improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a system architecture diagram of a multi-subcarrier multiple access passive wireless sensing system based on a backscattering technique.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of the steps for establishing communication with a certain sensor tag.
Figure 3 is a diagram of the return subcarrier after writing an oscillator frequency control word.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of subcarrier frequency assignment and calibration processes.
Fig. 5 is a flow chart of the configuration of the sensor by the reader.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a reader initiating a group of sensor tags to synchronously return data.
FIG. 7 is a diagram of the internal components of the data frame generation circuit and the data frame structure.
FIG. 8 is a graph of acceleration data test results for 4 sensor tags received in parallel.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the multiple-subcarrier multiple-access passive wireless sensing system based on the backscattering technology mainly includes a reader 110, a circulator 120, an antenna 130, and a sensor tag chip 220/230/240 composed of a standard tag circuit 140, a memory module 150, a low dropout regulator 160, a subcarrier generating circuit 170, a sensor 180, a digital control circuit and register 190, a data frame generating circuit 200, and a selector 210. The reader 110 and the standard tag circuit 140 include radio frequency and protocol baseband parts for normal communication between the two, and the system performs communication based on the radio frequency identification protocol, and modifies feedback of the sensor tag to part of commands.
To achieve system passivity, the standard tag circuit 140 includes a module for rectifying the rf carrier signal to obtain a voltage, and then provides the voltage to the low dropout regulator 160 for generating a stable reference voltage, which can be used to power other circuits.
In order to realize the high-precision calibration of the system to the label subcarrier, the correction is carried out on the basis of a radio frequency identification protocol, the correct radio frequency identification protocol specifies that whether the writing is normal or not is returned after 8ms of a writing command is received, the corrected protocol returns a section of subcarrier by using the 8ms time gap, and the reader baseband judges how to continue the calibration according to the returned subcarrier, so that a calibration loop is formed to improve the calibration precision. It should be noted that the modified protocol only reacts to the return subcarrier for writing data to the oscillator configuration register. The reader sends a control word for a Digitally Controlled Oscillator (DCO) and the standard tag circuit 140 writes the data to the register 190, thereby adjusting the frequency of the oscillator in the subcarrier generation circuit 170. At the same time, the digital control circuit 190 sends a control command to the subcarrier generation circuit 170 and the selector 210, so that the adjusted subcarrier is transmitted to the standard tag circuit 140 via the selector 210, and then the subcarrier of 8ms is returned according to the modified protocol.
In order to realize that the system receives synchronous parallel data, an algorithm for identifying multiple subcarriers is added to a baseband of the reader 110, and a sensor tag end carries out frame processing on sensor data to be returned. The subcarrier of each tag is first tuned to a desired frequency as a Clock (CLK) for the digital control circuit and registers 190, the data frame generation circuit 200, and the sensor 180. The sensor transmits the data to the frame data generating circuit 200 for frame processing according to the subcarrier frequency, and the internal circuit and the frame processing process are as shown in fig. 7. Transmitting the lead code, the grouped data, the frame counting, the sensor data and the check bit to a frame forming module to form an initial frame structure; then, the data are transmitted to a Miller coding module, Miller coding is carried out on the grouped data, the frame counting, the sensor data and the check bits, and the Miller coding is not carried out on the lead code; then, the data is transmitted to a subcarrier modulation module, and a lead code, grouped data, frame counting, sensor data and check bits are all modulated on a subcarrier; this concludes the frame processing of the data. The reader 110 band-pass filters the received signal to obtain data in each subcarrier channel, and then decodes according to the frame structure in the tag to obtain sensor data. In addition, the Electronic Product Code (EPC) of each tag is already known when communicating with the tag, so that the tag number corresponding to each set of sensor data is known when receiving the data of each tag.
To implement the synchronous parallel return function of the start packet tag, a storage address of the packet data Zone ID is defined in the EEPROM memory module 150, and a control logic is added in the digital control circuit and register module 190. The reader selects the data of the address by using a Select command of the S3 session, after all standard tags receive the command, the matched tags are selected, all the selected tags do the same reaction, the protocol requirement is ignored, and the sensor data is returned all the time. The specific details are that once the tag is selected, it is taken out of protocol and performs a default operation that is pre-stored in the digital control circuit 190. The digital control circuit 190 generates a control signal to control the sensor 180 to continuously and uninterruptedly transmit the sensor data to the data frame generating circuit 200, and then controls the selector 210 to always select the frame-processed sensor data to be transmitted to the standard tag circuit 140, and always occupy the rf transmitting port to reflect the sensor data. All selected tags will return sensor data and are constantly returning data.
At present, the multi-subcarrier multiple-access passive wireless sensing system based on the backscattering technology proposed in the patent is made and tested and verified, and the test result is shown in fig. 8, only 4 sensor tags are used for returning data at the same time for explanation, and more sensor tags can be used in practical situations. Different colors in the figure represent acceleration data and temperature data of an X axis, a Y axis and a Z axis, and the figure shows that the system can normally receive data of 4 sensor labels in parallel, so that the system idea provided by the invention is feasible and effective.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A multi-subcarrier multiple access passive wireless sensing system based on a backscattering technology is characterized by comprising the following components: the device comprises a reader (110), a circulator (120), an antenna (130), and sensor tags (220, 230, 240) composed of a standard tag circuit (140), a storage module (150), a low dropout linear regulator (160), a subcarrier generating circuit (170), a sensor (180), a digital control circuit and register (190), a data frame generating circuit (200) and a selector (210); the reader (110) and the standard tag circuit (140) comprise radio frequency and protocol baseband parts for realizing the normal communication function between the reader and the standard tag circuit;
under the framework of a standard radio frequency identification communication protocol, using one of the session conditions, the reader (110) performs inventory operation on the sensor tags (220), so that a communication connection is established with each sensor tag and Electronic Product Code (EPC) data of each tag is known;
next, the reader (110) allocates a non-interfering subcarrier communication channel to each sensor tag (220); the reader (110) sends subcarrier configuration data to the sensor tag (220), the data comprises addresses and data to be written, the standard tag circuit (140) receives the information and then transmits the information to the digital control circuit and the register (190), and the subcarrier control register in the digital control circuit and the register (190) changes the frequency of the subcarrier generating circuit (170) after receiving the information; meanwhile, before the standard tag circuit (140) returns to the reader (110) in a write operation state specified by a protocol, the digital control circuit (190) controls the subcarrier generating circuit (170), the data frame generating circuit (200) and the selector (210) to directly transmit the subcarriers to the standard tag circuit (140), and then returns the sensor tag (220) to the subcarrier of about 8 ms; the reader (110) analyzes whether the subcarrier frequency is consistent with the expected frequency after receiving the subcarrier; if the two are not consistent, the reader (110) carries out calibration configuration again according to the steps, so that a frequency calibration loop of the subcarrier is formed, and the sensor tag can work under the accurate subcarrier frequency;
then, configuring the sensors according to different sensor configuration requirements; the reader (110) sends sensor configuration data to the sensor tag (220), the data comprises addresses and data to be written, the standard tag circuit (140) receives the information and then transmits the information to the digital control circuit and the register (190), and the sensor control register in the digital control circuit and the register (190) receives the information and then transmits the data to the sensor (180) for sensor configuration; the sensor configuration requires a plurality of instructions, so the configuration information is written into the sensor (180) in sequence through a plurality of operations to complete the configuration operation;
then, sequentially configuring other sensor labels one by one in the same way;
finally, enabling all the sensor tags in a certain group to simultaneously return sensor data in parallel; using other session conditions, the reader (110) sends a selection command Select containing packet data to the sensor tag (220), under the session conditions, if the packet data value in the storage module (150) is consistent with the data in the command, the sensor tag is out of protocol control, and fixed reaction in the digital control circuit and the memory (190) is executed; the fixed reaction is that the data detected by the sensor (180) is transmitted to the data frame generating circuit (200) so as to carry out frame processing on the sensor data, the digital control circuit and the register (190) generate a control signal, and the control selector (210) only selects the data from the data frame generating circuit (200) and ignores the data to be output by a protocol in the standard tag circuit (140); the selector (210) continuously and uninterruptedly reflects the sensor data after the frame processing out through a radio frequency part in the standard tag circuit (140); the data returned by each tag uses subcarriers with different frequencies, so that the returned data cannot interfere with each other; the reader (110) prestores an algorithm for removing harmonic interference, and at the moment, the data of all the sensors are synchronously analyzed in parallel.
2. The multiple subcarrier multiple access passive wireless sensing system based on the backscatter technique of claim 1, wherein the packet data is stored in a memory module (150) that is a memory unit that is not prone to data loss after power down; according to the user requirement, the reader (110) writes the user grouped data into the storage module (150) of the tag by using a write command, and the data still exists after the power is off and can be changed at any time.
3. The multiple subcarrier multiple access passive wireless sensing system based on the backscatter technology of claim 1, wherein the low dropout regulator (160) is configured to generate a stable reference voltage and a reference current, provide the reference voltage for each module in the sensor tag (220), and provide the reference current for the oscillator in the subcarrier generation circuit.
4. The multiple subcarrier multiple access passive wireless sensing system based on the backscattering technique as claimed in claim 1, wherein the subcarrier generating circuit (170) comprises a Digitally Controlled Oscillator (DCO) and a frequency divider capable of multi-bit calibration, control registers of the oscillator and the frequency divider are stored in the digitally controlled oscillator and the register (190), and different subcarriers are obtained by different combinations; the different combination modes are designed in the early stage, and when different subcarrier frequencies are configured, the table is looked up to find out the default control word; in addition, since the subcarrier generated by the subcarrier generating circuit (170) is also used by the digital control circuit and the register (190), the system makes the oscillator in the subcarrier generating circuit (170) oscillate at the oscillation frequency when the control word is all 0 at the beginning.
5. The multiple subcarrier multiple access passive wireless sensing system based on the backscatter technique of claim 1, wherein the data frame generation circuit (200) is capable of frame processing the sensor data and includes a frame forming part, a miller coding part, and a subcarrier modulation circuit, the frame forming part including a header, packet data, a frame count, data, a CRC 5; the frame header plays a role in synchronization and serves as a reference of Miller coding; the grouped data represents the area where the label is located; the frame count is the count of the currently transmitted data frame; CRC5 is the result of a check from packet data to data; the whole data frame is subjected to Miller coding except for the frame header, and finally, the whole data frame is subjected to subcarrier modulation and then is transmitted through backscatter modulation.
6. The multiple-subcarrier multiple-access passive wireless sensing system based on the backscattering technology of claim 1, characterized in that the selector (210) can select data to be returned by the tag, wherein the data can be data specified by a protocol and can also be sensor data; by default, the selector (210) returns protocol-specified data; after the sensor tag is selected by receiving the Select command in the S3 session mode, the sensor tag abandons the protocol specification, the digital control circuit and the register (190) generate a control signal to control the selector (210) to disconnect the protocol data port and connect the sensor data port, and the sensor tag continuously returns the sensor data.
7. The multiple-subcarrier multiple-access passive wireless sensing system based on the backscatter technology of claim 1, wherein a calibration loop is formed between the reader (110) and the sensor tag (220) when performing subcarrier frequency calibration; the reader (110) sends out subcarrier configuration data, the sensor tag (220) returns the subcarrier configured for 8ms after receiving the configuration, and the reader (110) can continue to configure according to the received subcarrier frequency, so that a calibration loop is formed.
8. The multiple-subcarrier multiple-access passive wireless sensing system based on the backscattering technology as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that all modules in the sensor tag (220) are modules convenient for integration, so that the modules are realized in a chip.
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