JP4283183B2 - Square material combination structural material - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a square bar combination structural material, and more specifically, a square bar obtained from thinned lumber or the like is integrated by screw fastening so that it can function as a structural member such as a column or beam having high shear strength. The present invention relates to a timber combination wooden structure material.

  As a means for achieving effective use of wood, for example, as described in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 3-105622, a combination material in which plate materials are combined in parallel with the fiber directions aligned and laminated by an adhesive is known. It has been. Laminated wood made in this way can be given a cross-section with an arbitrary size, and can be stacked one after another to achieve the desired length, which is very convenient for obtaining the desired dimensions. It becomes. And there is an advantage that it is easy to make it a substantially homogeneous member.

  The plate members are usually integrated using a synthetic resin adhesive. Therefore, it is difficult in terms of durability when used outdoors exposed to wind and rain, but in addition, it is difficult to determine from the outside whether the adhesive is familiar with the whole wood surface, and high quality with few nodes In order to form a large cross section, a large number of plates are required and the price is rather high.

  For example, when used as a beam, the shearing force acting on the overlapping surface extends to the applied adhesive, but it is not easy to make the adhesive force uniform in the surface. That is, although the surface is attached by pressing, there is a difference in the density of the grain and the surface roughness on the overlapping surface, and the adhesive layer tends to be uneven. Therefore, if the uniformity of the bonding effect on the mating surfaces is to be obtained, consideration must also be given to material selection.

  By the way, when trying to obtain a high-strength structural material by a combination product, for example, as described in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 1-92412, a long bolt may be used for tying. In this example, the upper and lower square bars are each threaded with a threaded rod in the longitudinal direction, and the nuts are put on the ends of the screws coming out of the rigid plates in close contact with the end faces, and the middle square bars are rigid. It is configured to be secured with a small screw inserted from the plate side.

  A fastening method as shown in FIG. 15A may be adopted as a method of integrating the square members stacked in multiple stages in this way with a long screw rod. In this case, a screw rod is inserted into the stacked square bars from above and below, and in this case, a gibber 21 (see also the enlarged view shown at the left end) is installed on the overlapping surface and sandwiched between them. The square bars 22 and 22 are secured with long through bolts 23.

  A nut 24 is hung on the lower end of the through bolt, and the overlapped square members are integrated by the compressive force in the vertical direction, and the shift of the square members is prevented by the dowel 21 on the mating surface. Claws 21a and 21a are provided in the top and bottom of the gibber, and the claws are bitten into a wooden surface by sandwiching squares stacked before being secured by the through bolt 23 with a hydraulic jack (not shown). And the square bolts are prevented from shifting in any direction by through bolts.

  When this superposed material is used as a beam, for example, as shown in FIG. 14, a number of dowels 21 and through bolts 23 are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the square member 22. Normally, the closer to the end, the smaller the pitch of the through bolts and the dowels, and the lashing can be strengthened to strengthen the shearing force in the vicinity of the support. In this case, a wooden washer 25 (see also FIG. 15 (a)) is used to prevent the head and nut of the through-bolt from sinking. This provides a wider seating surface than the case where a metal material is used, thereby reducing the stress acting on the wood surface.

  This washer is often installed on the surface of a square bar, so the bolt head and nut appear outside. This not only impairs the aesthetics and appearance, but also loses the flatness and smoothness of the upper and lower surfaces of the structural material, and may deteriorate the fit. Of course, it is difficult to perform post-mortem chamfering work, and this has severely narrowed the use of laminated materials.

  In order to solve this problem, as shown in FIG. 15 (b), a hole 26 large enough to contain a washer is dug in the upper and lower surfaces. The head 23a and the washer 25 are accommodated on the upper side, and the nut 24, the washer 25, and the threaded portion tip 23b are accommodated on the lower side. A configuration similar to this example is also disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-146918.

  However, if such a measure is taken, the cross-sectional defect part which reduces the durability as a laminated beam will remain in the upper and lower ends of the position where the greatest stress acts when used as a beam, that is, a bending material. . If the cross-section is increased to suppress the influence, an excessive cross-section is used in a portion where there is no cross-sectional defect, resulting in waste.

  By the way, the dowel is a ring shape having a diameter of 6 cm and a height of about 10 mm for a square material of 120 mm, for example. This is because the bending does not deform when the bending material is applied to the laminated material, and the deformation does not disturb the deformation of the beam. Alternatively, the claw of the dowel behaves so as to widen the bite hole with the square member that undergoes bending deformation. As a result, the integrity of the member as a beam is impaired, and the shift preventing action by the dowel is reduced with time. In consideration of this, in terms of design, the evaluation of the moment of inertia of the section and the section modulus must be limited to 60 to 70% compared to a single square member.

  As an example in which the above-described through bolt is not used, a proposal to use a lag screw having a long thread portion is made in Utility Model Registration No. 3021618. It is also disclosed that the head can be buried and function as a hidden nail. This is a main screw that is bitten into the wood, and a sub screw with a different pitch is formed between the screw portion and the head. By using the screwing of the lower square member by the main screw part at the tip, the upper square member is tightened with the auxiliary screw near the head, or it is intended to facilitate smooth removal during reverse rotation operation. It is by intention.

  However, even if it is a lag screw having a long screw, since it is provided with auxiliary screws having different pitches and diameters, the helical hole formed on the wood side by the main screw is plowed with the auxiliary screw. In this case, the screw fastening force at the place where the two kinds of screws have passed tends to be reduced, and it is difficult to say that it is suitable for overlapping fastening of square members to be used as a structural material.

  In addition, consideration is given to burying the head so that the lag screw can not be seen from the side, but the head is given a taper close to an equilateral triangle, and when the screw force increases, it sinks below the tree surface and on the contrary, the head This reduces the handling force of the screwing reaction force. Since the diameter of the head is small, only a turning groove small enough to bite the driver can be formed, and the fastening torque that can be applied is considerably limited.

  Next, let us consider the problem of overlapping and adhering wood. It is the nature of the bark of the bonded surface that affects the bonding performance. The surface of the wood has a grain, which gives a rough surface. In addition, a mixed state of hard and soft materials is also generated. Therefore, a large pressure is required to bring the adhesive application surface into close contact, and the operation is not easy.

Of course, it is sufficient that thin coatings exist continuously, but the crossing of individual grain breaks the coating layer to form an empty film part. The discontinuity of the coating film causes a decrease in surface adhering force, that is, variation in tensile strength and shear strength within one coating film. Furthermore, the intrusion of air due to the breathing of the wood is not blocked, and the adhesive is deteriorated by contact with the circulating outside air, so that it is difficult to expect a uniform and stable surface wearing performance over a long period of time.
Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 3-105622 Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 1-92412 JP 2002-146918 A Utility Model Registration No. 3021618

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to achieve a marked improvement in the shear strength on the overlapping surface of the combined structural material obtained by screwing the overlapped square members. It is possible to increase the cross-section of small-section square timber, expand the consumption of thinned wood, etc., ensure that high-quality column beam material can be obtained even from low-quality materials, and secure a wide pressing surface for fastening screws A combination of square members that can reduce the cross-sectional defects of structural materials as much as possible while facilitating the application of large torque, and that the tightening screw can also be prevented from loosening in conjunction with the effect of increasing shear strength. It is to provide a structural material.

  The present invention is applied to a square member combination structural member in which stacked square members are integrated by screw fastening. Referring to FIG. 1, the feature is that the square member 2 is a core-supporting member, and has mounting holes 2a and 2b for fastening screws 4 extending in a direction crossing the annual ring and securing the laminated square member. It is formed. A semicircular groove 6 extending perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the square member is formed on the overlapping surface, and a metal pin 5 having a diameter larger than the diameter is fitted into a cylindrical hole 7 generated by facing the groove 6. The metal pin 5 compresses the surface of the wood surface when the overlapping surfaces are brought into close contact with each other, and a dense layer 6s (see FIG. 7B) is formed on the periphery of the cylindrical hole 7.

  The metal pin may be a hollow body. Moreover, the gibber 1 can also be arrange | positioned on the overlapping surface of the attachment position of a fastening screw.

  The cylindrical hole 7 may be a bottomed hole 7A (see FIG. 3A) that is open only on one side. Furthermore, the metal pin is made shorter than the hole length of the cylindrical hole, and the buried wood 12 (see (c) in FIG. 3) is applied to the opening of the cylindrical hole.

  As shown in FIG. 4A, the fastening screw may be a lag screw 4 that is screwed through a screw hole 2b provided in the shaft end side square member 2C after the head side square member 2A is inserted. . The head 4h has a circular shape in plan view with a diameter exceeding 3 to 5 times the shaft diameter, and a wrench hexagon hole 4d is formed at the center thereof. And the diameter of the digging part 2c formed in the surface of the square material on which the head 4h is immersed and seated is set to a size that does not cause a residual space around the head.

  As shown in FIG. 13, a metal plate 14 that covers the head of the lag screw 4 and extends in the longitudinal direction of the square member 2 may be pasted.

  According to the present invention, the metal pin having a larger diameter is fitted into the cylindrical hole generated when the semicircular groove formed on the overlapping surface is faced, so that when the overlapping surface is brought into close contact with the cylindrical pin, The hole surface layer is compressed, and a dense layer is formed at the periphery of the cylindrical hole. Even when shearing force acting on the overlapping surface is applied to the metal pin when a square member combination structural material is used as a beam, the square pin facing the metal pin that is held in an immobile state and held in the periphery of the hole that has been densified to increase resistance Prevent the deviation. If the shear strength at the overlapping surface is enhanced, a large cross-section structural material can be easily obtained using a small cross-section square.

  Since the fastening screw extends in the direction crossing the annual ring and locks the cored square, the deformation of the square is as small as possible. At that time, a large reaction force is obtained from the metal pin located on the overlapping surface, and the screw is loosened. Is less likely to occur. The shear strength of the laminated material is enhanced by densification of the periphery of the cylindrical hole, and there is almost no risk of deterioration as in the case of using an adhesive, and high reliability can be obtained even when an outdoor structural material is used.

  The metal pin may be a solid material, but if a pipe or the like is used, a power supply line or a communication line such as a LAN can be passed.

  Shear strength is further improved by placing the gibber on the overlap surface, but if it is placed at the mounting position of the fastening screw, the gibber bites into the restraint strengthened part where the displacement is extremely small due to the fastening force of the screw. The effect of preventing the displacement of the surface is further enhanced, and the shear strength of the combined square is dramatically increased.

  If the cylindrical hole is a bottomed hole that is open on only one side, the presence of the metal pin can be made unaware on one side. In addition, if a metal pin shorter than the hole length is used to bury the tree in the opening, the appearance is improved.

  If the fastening screw is a lag screw, a structural material that has a smart appearance that is inserted into the combined square member by screwing the screw hole provided in the square member on the shaft end side after inserting the square member on the head side, and can do.

  The square bar piled up with a wide lag screw with a head diameter 3 to 5 times larger than the shaft diameter is secured to form a countersink part with a size that does not create a gap between the head and the periphery. If this is done, a strong screw fastening force can be exerted on the laminated square bar, and there will be no cross-sectional defects on the upper and lower surfaces of the structural material. It becomes easy to obtain a structural material.

  If the metal plate is pasted in the longitudinal direction of the square bar so as to cover the head of the lag screw, even if it is thinner than the square bar, it has a cross-sectional area several tens of times the plate cross-sectional area The same effect as that obtained by adding the wood member to the combined structural material is provided.

  Below, the square member combination structure material which concerns on this invention is demonstrated in detail based on drawing showing the embodiment. FIG. 4A shows a cross section of the structural member 3 in which the combined square members are integrated by screwing the square members 2 and 2 that are overlapped with each other with the dowel 1 interposed therebetween. This is an example in which square bars are stacked in three stages.

  The square members 2 and 2 may be of any size, for example, 120 to 300 mm square, and thinned wood that is often handled as waste material can also be used. In the present invention, since the object is to enable the combination of square members to be used as a structural material such as a column or beam, a core holding material as shown in the figure is used. In addition, the thinned wood is thin and relatively long, and it is convenient to obtain such square wood.

  A lag screw 4 having a large axial length as shown on the left side of FIG. 4B is used for screw fastening to obtain the square member combination structural member 3. This has a threaded portion 4s formed on the shaft end side, and a shaft portion 4a having a circular cross section is formed between the head portion 4h and the threaded portion 4s. Accordingly, as shown in (c), the head-side square members 2A and 2B are formed with insertion holes 2a for smooth insertion of the shaft portion, and the tip-side square members 2C are threaded valleys. A screw hole 2b having a diameter equal to or smaller than the diameter is provided. If it does in this way, the lag screw 4 will be easily penetrated in the direction which crosses an annual ring, will reach the square 2C of a lower end, without causing a crack, and if it rotates there, it will advance through the screw pilot hole 2b. This lag screw can be immersed in a combination square, giving a structural material that has a smart appearance.

  In order to reinforce the binding force of the lag screw 4 to the square members 2A to 2C, the head 4h of the lag screw is not about twice as in the case of a normal wood screw, but spreads like a bowl and the diameter of the seating surface is the shaft part. A circular shape in plan view with a width exceeding 3 to 5 times the diameter of 4a. The head 4h may have a disk shape, or may have a conical shape below the head as shown in the center and the right side of (b). In any case, it is sufficient that the head 4h has a shape that gives a wide seating surface and does not inhibit the rotation of the lag screw 4.

  A wrench hexagon hole 4d is formed in the center of the head 4h. On the other hand, the diameter of the drilling portion 2c formed on the surface of the square member on which the head 4h is seated is formed so as not to cause a residual space between the head and the periphery. That is, the diameter of the drilling portion 2c is the same as or slightly smaller than the head 4h, and the depth of the recess is the same as or slightly shallower than the thickness of the head 4h. If the diameter of the digging portion 2c is slightly smaller than the head 4h, the head is seated in the digging portion with a last-minute penetration of the wood as the lag screw is screwed. Thereby, the cross-sectional defect | deletion resulting from presence of the functional component for lashing can be excluded from the square material surface.

  If the upper surface of the head is made wider in this way, the neck formed between the shaft and the shaft can be made thicker, for example, in the conical shape described above. As a result, the hexagonal hole 4d engraved in the head can also be enlarged, so that the rotation operation of the lag screw is easy and a large tightening torque can be easily applied. Thus, the increase in the diameter of the circular head 4h is extremely advantageous in consolidating and securing the wood, such as eliminating the washer, increasing the screwing force, facilitating the rotation operation, and avoiding cross-sectional defects. . Therefore, it becomes easy to obtain a high-strength structural material that exhibits the desired strength with the square bar of the minimum size.

  FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a state before lashing. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the gibber 1 with a claw is disposed on the overlapping surface where the mounting holes 2a and 2b are located. The displacement restraining effect due to the biting of the dowel is as described in the prior art, but if the positional relationship between the lag screw and the dowel is made in this way, a large pressing force due to the screw fastening action of the lag screw is applied to the dowel. Conveniently, it can be applied directly. Even when the structural material is used as, for example, a beam and undergoes bending deformation, the shearing force on the overlapping surface acting on the dowel can be reduced, and the state where the dowel is bitten can be stabilized.

  The lag screw 4 has the above-described configuration, but in addition to that, a metal pin is also interposed to increase the lashing. This is intended to prevent the longitudinal displacement of the stacked square members 2A, 2B, 2C, as can be imagined from the metal pin 5 depicted in FIG. In this case, unlike the technique of applying and integrating an adhesive or the like, the wood around the metal pin is automatically strengthened to enhance the holding ability of the metal pin, and the shear strength by the metal pin placed in an immobile state is improved.

  That is, the adhesive restrains the overlapping surface by utilizing the curing property of the adhesive chemical substance, but does not particularly affect the wood quality of the mating surface. Since the deterioration of the adhesive proceeds regardless of the wood quality, when the wood portion is aged earlier, it is often not noticed that the adhesive surface has changed. It goes without saying that the metal pin according to the present invention is much more durable than wood, but the wood that is affected by the presence of the metal pin is designed to enhance its mechanical properties while retaining its properties as wood. Therefore, maintenance and inspection as a structural material can be left to judgment based on appearance.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the metal pin 5 is interposed so as to be orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the square member at a portion where the lag screw is not located on the overlapping surface. Since the pin is required to be harder than the square, it is a metal material such as steel or aluminum. By the way, wooden pins are few so hard that they have the contact surface modification ability described later except for very special materials. Therefore, it is usually sufficient to use metal products.

  When bending occurs due to a distributed load acting on the beam, bending stress that increases from the neutral axis to the upper and lower skins is generated on the beam cross section, but the bending stress is superimposed on the overlapping surface. It acts as a shearing force to shift the square bar in the longitudinal direction. In order to accommodate the metal pin 5 for resisting and transmitting this shearing force, a semicircular groove 6 extending perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction of the square member 2 is formed on the overlapping surface as shown in FIG.

  This semicircular groove 6 forms a cylindrical hole 7 by facing the overlapping surface, but is formed over the entire width of the square member 2 as shown in the upper overlapping surface of FIG. Like the overlapping surface, the bottomed hole 7A is closed on one side. The latter is to prevent the presence of metal pins. In any case, the metal pin 5 having a length suitable for sharing the shearing force acting on the overlapping surface is interposed in any form of (b) to (e).

  The cylindrical hole 7 formed by the semicircular groove 6 is given a smaller diameter than the metal pin 5. As will be described later, when a metal pin is fitted into one of the semicircular grooves 6 and the overlapping surface is brought into close contact with each other, an attempt is made to eliminate the wood layer around the hole surface by the amount that the metal pin 5 has a larger diameter. That is, the surface of the wood surface is compressed, and a dense layer is formed at the periphery of the cylindrical hole.

Incidentally, the behavior when the diameter of the cylindrical hole is the same as that of the metal pin will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in (a), the metal pin 5 is fitted into the semicircular groove 6N of the lower square member 2B, and the upper square member 2A is covered. Since the diameters are the same, as shown in (b), the semicircular grooves 6M are overlapped without any gaps. Assuming that the shearing force f _{s shown} in (c) is applied to the overlapping surface, the surface where the metal pin 5 exerts a force with the square member 2 is on one side in each of the upper half and the lower half. Arise.

  If the shear force is so great that the metal pin 5 squeezes the cylindrical hole wall, that is, if the square bars are displaced in the opposite directions, the metal pin tries to maintain the position and excludes a part of the hole wall layer. That is, the hatched portion 6p, which is enlarged and shown in (d), is crushed and disappears, and the surface layer behind it becomes dense. Thereby, a portion 6q in which the wood is hardened is formed on one side surface of the semicircular groove.

  (E) is shown excluding the crushing portion 6p, and although the dense layer 6q with improved mechanical properties is formed, the semicircular grooves 6M and 6N are distorted in the longitudinal direction and the facing position is shifted. become. After the dense layer is formed, the metal pin 5 prevents the square member 2 from being displaced by the dense layer 6q. That is, since the shear strength by the metal pin is exhibited after passing through the crushing step, the structural material allows the initial deformation by the amount of crushing.

  Although it was described that a static load is working, if a phenomenon opposite to that of (c) occurs due to a dynamic load or a repeated load due to an earthquake or the like, the cylindrical hole 7 has a length including the metal pin 5. It becomes a circular hole. As a result of the extremely low metal pin holding function on the overlapping surface, the significance of interposing the metal pins is significantly diminished.

  In the present invention, as described above, the diameter of the metal pin 5 is made larger than that of the cylindrical hole 7 formed by the semicircular groove 6. For example, a metal pin having a diameter of 30 mm is applied to a hole having a diameter of 28 mm, and a dense layer having a depth of about 1 mm can be obtained by simply pushing the metal pin into a semicircular groove.

  As shown in FIG. 6A, the metal pin 5 does not fit into the semicircular groove 6B of the lower square member 2B or the semicircular groove 6A of the upper square member 2A. As shown in (b), when a vertical load is applied until the metal pin 5 comes into contact with the bottoms of the semicircular grooves 6A and 6B, each semicircular groove is expanded. The crushing portions 6p are formed on the left and right sides of the metal pin, and the surface layer portion 6q is densified. When the square members 2A and 2B are pressed until they coincide with each other as shown in (c), the surface is forced to recede to the bottom of the semicircular groove (see the crushing portion 6r). At that time, compression deformation is further added to the previously collapsed portion 6q, and as a result, a ring-shaped dense layer 6s is formed as shown in FIG. This situation is also shown enlarged in FIG.

  Since the dense layer 6s is formed when the combined structural material is manufactured, the displacement of the square material due to the shearing force generated as a result of use as a beam is prevented by the metal pin 5 backed up by the dense layer 6s. . That is, when a shearing force is applied, a force against it is immediately generated, so that deformation as a structural material is extremely reduced. When a square member combination structure is used as a beam or column, even if the shearing force acting on the overlapping surface reaches the metal pin, the metal pin that is held in a fixed state and is held in contact with the periphery of the hole with increased resistance is facing Retains the integrity of the square bars to be used. Such an effect of increasing the shear strength at the overlapping surface enables the production of a large cross-section structure material using a small cross-section square material.

  By the way, the diver may have a circular planar shape. However, as shown in the lower right part of FIG. 1, if it is an oval material 1A or rhombus 1B, 1C that is elongated along the longitudinal direction of the square material. convenient. Even if there is a slight misalignment of squares on the overlapping surface, many parts of the claws are arranged almost along the longitudinal direction compared to a circular dowel. This is because fewer nails take the crossing angle.

  The effect cannot be ignored if the gibber is arranged on the overlapping surface, but if it is arranged at the mounting position of the lag screw 4 as shown in FIG. The gibber 1 will bite into the restraint strengthening portion that is reduced, and it is possible to effectively enhance the displacement preventing action of the overlapping surface.

  The strengthening of the shear strength by the metal pin, combined with the presence of the gibber, increases the shear strength at the overlapping surface additionally. Even if thinned wood, etc., cut out in large quantities for forest resuscitation is used, it can be made into a structural material that does not lose its sink with a large-section high-quality single material in terms of mechanical strength. The use of thinned wood, etc., greatly expands as high-quality column beams are obtained. It will greatly contribute to solving social problems such as solving forest devastation, contributing to flood control measures, promoting local industries, and restraining soaring wooden construction materials.

  As described above, the lag screw that fastens the combination square member extends in the direction crossing the annual ring and secures the core support material, so that the deformation of the square member is reduced as much as possible, and the diameter of the semicircular groove located on the overlapping surface A large reaction force can be obtained from the metal pin having a larger diameter, and the effect of preventing the loosening of the fastening screw is also exhibited highly in association with the effect of increasing the shear strength. The shear strength of the combined square member is enhanced by densification of the periphery of the cylindrical hole, and there is very little risk of deterioration as when an adhesive is used, and high reliability is exhibited even when an outdoor structural material is used.

  FIG. 8 shows a state in which not only the mounting hole 2a through which the shaft portion of the lag screw is inserted into the square member 2 but also the semicircular groove 6 on the overlapping surface, that is, the cylindrical hole 7 centered on the overlapping surface. ing. The stacked square members are held by the pressing pad 8 and are punched by the drills 9 and 10 while being pressed by a hydraulic jack (not shown).

  After the drilling operation, the square members 2A, 2B, and 2C are separated as shown in FIG. 2, the gibber 1 and the metal pin 5 are arranged at predetermined positions, and the clamping state shown in FIG. 8 is set again, and the lag screw 4 is screwed. As shown in FIG. 1, the metal pin 5 is fitted into the cylindrical hole 7. Even if the tying by the hydraulic jack is released, the lap screw keeps the tight pile of the square members, and the metal pin compresses the surface layer of the wood surface, so that the square member combination structural member 3 having the dense layer on the periphery of the cylindrical hole is obtained. Thereafter, measures such as reworking the bark and correcting or changing the cross-sectional dimensions are appropriately performed.

  In addition, when there is a plan to add some treatment to the wooden surface on the side where the head of the lag screw is located, as shown in FIG. If this is done, the head 4h of the lag screw 4 will not interfere with reworking and will not cause cross-sectional defects.

  Since it is not an individual drilling for the square bar, it is not necessary to give the drilling position strictly. If the hydraulic jack is brought into the construction site, it can be processed with a portable drill. The thinned wood that has been cut out can be pulled directly into the site at the lumber mill, and directly delivered to the site. It can be obtained at a lower price than the factory-produced products that may be restricted by the packaging and road conditions during transportation, and can be processed at low cost. . It is also very convenient in that unused materials from local mountains can be consumed for building local buildings.

  In addition, when a structural material is used as a beam, the shearing force generated on the overlapping surface increases at both ends. FIG. 10 shows that the length in the left-right direction is proportionally smaller than that in the vertical direction, but the interval between the lag screws is narrower at the end than at the center. Metal pins are also collected at the end. Although not shown in the figure, a plurality of metal pins may be arranged between the lag screws. In any case, the difference between the diameter of the metal pin and that of the semicircular groove and the length of the metal pin should be determined by taking into consideration the degree of load assumed when used as a square material and structural material. Determined.

  By the way, a metal pin can also be made into a hollow body. For example, if a pipe having an outer diameter of 30 mm and an inner diameter of about 10 to 15 mm is employed, a power supply line, a communication line such as a LAN can be passed, and it is possible to avoid making a hole in the wall. In the case of a solid material, as shown in FIGS. 3C to 3E, a metal pin shorter than a square material width can be used, or a buried wood 12 can be applied to conceal the opening so as to adjust the appearance.

  The shape of the structural member 3 is not limited to a vertically long rectangle as shown in FIG. 1A, but is a square, T shape, groove shape, or I (H) as shown in FIGS. 11A to 11D. ), A L shape (not shown), and an equilateral L shape, the cross-sectional shape as the structural material 3 can be arbitrarily given. The lag screw is arranged vertically and horizontally, but the insertion position may be shifted in the longitudinal direction of the square bar.

  In the case of (a), two double stacks are prepared, and they are arranged on the left and right sides and integrated with a lag screw drawn horizontally. In (b), one square member is attached from the left and right with respect to the central three-stage stack already secured, and fixed with a lag screw in a horizontal posture. In (c) and (d), one square member is given to the upper end and the lower end from the side with respect to the four-tiered stack, and the shape may also be fixed by a lag screw. It goes without saying that metal pins are interposed together with the dowels or alone on the overlapping surface.

  (A) of FIG. 12 shows an example when it is going to obtain the long thing of a structural material. Prior to lashing with the lag screw 4, finger joints 13 are formed at the ends of the individual square members as shown in FIG. 5B, and an adhesive is applied to the finger joints 13 and pressed in the direction of the material axis. Such long materials can be stacked as shown in (a), and a long combined structure material can be obtained by the above-described procedure.

  In any case, since the lash screw is secured and the shape retaining force due to the lash is sufficiently exhibited, if the surface is cleaned, it can be moved and held sideways without curing. Therefore, since a structural material can be manufactured and constructed immediately at the site, the construction period can be shortened, the amount of material carried in and the time can be accommodated, and the construction management is extremely convenient.

  FIG. 13 shows a structure in which a metal plate 14 that covers the head 4 h of the lag screw 4 and extends in the longitudinal direction of the square member 2 is attached. This plate may be fitted in a shallow groove as shown in the figure or may be covered over the entire surface, but fixing is more reliable by fastening with the machine screw 15 than by bonding. Of course, this does not exclude the combined use of adhesives and machine screws.

  When the panel is made of steel, the Young's modulus is about 20 times larger even if it is much thinner than the square, so it was conservatively shown in Fig. 9 (b). An effect equivalent to adding a wood member having an area to the portion of the combined structural material can be exhibited. As a result, even if the combined structural material is simply vertically stacked vertically only, it can be considered mechanically as a wooden structural material 16 having a substantially T-shaped cross section formed by imaginary lines, and the cross-sectional performance is greatly improved. Improvements can be achieved by simple means.

  Incidentally, the fastening screw is not limited to the above-described lag screw, but may be a screw rod 18 with a lag screw in which a nut 17 is fixed with a screw lock agent as shown in FIG. 9C. In the structural material used in the places where there are few opportunities for visual observation, (a) in FIG. 15 and (b) shown in FIG.

The perspective view which embodied the square-corner combination structural material based on this invention by 3 steps | paragraphs. The perspective view before superimposition showing a mode that the gibber and the metal pin were arrange | positioned. (A) is sectional drawing of the square member combination structure material in which the cylindrical hole was formed, (b) thru | or (e) are cylindrical hole fitting views of a metal pin. An example of the square-piece combination structural material which concerns on this invention is shown, (a) is sectional drawing in the case of consisting of a three-stage pile, (b) is a single figure of the lag screw used for it, (c) is before combination Sectional drawing of each square bar. Explanatory drawing of a cylindrical hole wall change in case the diameter of a metal pin and a cylindrical hole is the same. Explanatory drawing of cylindrical hole wall densification in case a metal pin diameter is larger than that of a cylindrical hole. Expansion explanatory drawing of a densification process. Process explanatory drawing for forming the semicircular groove | channel which fits the attachment hole of a lag screw, or a metal pin. (A) is sectional drawing of the square-timber combination structural material at the time of buried, (b) represents the state which applied the metal plate, and explanatory drawing with increased dynamic sectional area. The whole surface of an example of a square bar combination structural material. (A)-(d) is sectional drawing of the structural material which makes | forms various shapes obtained by further combining a square-material combination structural material. (A) is a perspective view of the manufacturing point which aims at lengthening of a structural material, (b) is the perspective view which showed the point which joins each square member. The perspective view of the square material single-piece | unit which has arrange | positioned the metal plate on the head of a lag screw. The front view of the laminated beam in a prior art. The prior art shows a laminated beam, (a) is a cross-sectional view of a state in which a bolt head or the like is projected from a structural material, (b) is a cross-sectional view in the case where a boring part is provided and stored.

Explanation of symbols

  1, 1A, 1B, 1C ... Giber, 2, 2A, 2B, 2C ... Square material, 2a ... Insertion hole (mounting hole), 2b ... Pilot screw hole (mounting hole), 2c ... Cavity part, 3 ... Square material set Laminated screw, 4 ... lag screw, 4a ... shaft, 4d ... hexagonal hole for wrench, 5 ... metal pin, 6,6A, 6B, 6M, 6N ... semicircular groove, 6q, 6q, 6s ... dense layer, 7 ... Cylindrical hole, 7A ... bottomed hole, 12 ... buried wood, 14 ... metal plate, 16 ... wooden structure material having T-shaped cross section.

Claims (8)

In the square material combination structural material that is integrated by screwing the superposed square materials,
Each of the square members is a core-supporting material, and an attachment hole for a fastening screw that extends in a direction crossing the annual ring and secures the overlapping square members is formed.
A semicircular groove extending perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction of the square bar is formed on the overlapping surface, and a metal pin having a diameter larger than the diameter of the cylindrical hole is fitted into a cylindrical hole formed by facing the semicircular groove. ,
A square member combined structure characterized in that a metal pin compresses the surface of the wood surface when the overlapping surfaces are brought into close contact with each other, and a dense layer is formed at the periphery of the cylindrical hole.   The square metal combined structure material according to claim 1, wherein the metal pin is a hollow body.   The square bar combination structure material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a gibber is disposed on an overlapping surface of the mounting positions of the fastening screws.   The square member combination structure material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the cylindrical hole is a bottomed hole that opens only on one side.   The square metal combined structure material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the metal pin is shorter than the hole length of the cylindrical hole, and the opening of the cylindrical hole is buried.   6. The lag screw according to claim 1, wherein the fastening screw is a lag screw that screws through a screw hole provided in the square member on the shaft end side after inserting the square member on the head side. The square bar combination structural material described in the paragraph. The head of the lag screw has a circular shape in plan view with a diameter exceeding 3 to 5 times the shaft diameter, and a hexagonal hole for a wrench is formed at the center thereof.
7. The square bar combination structure according to claim 6, wherein a diameter of a hollow portion formed on a square bar surface on which the head is immersed and seated is a size that does not cause a residual space around the head. . The square plate combined structure material according to claim 6 or 7, wherein a metal plate that covers a head portion of the lag screw and extends in a longitudinal direction of the square rod is attached.

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