JP4283183B2 - Square material combination structural material - Google Patents

Square material combination structural material Download PDF

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JP4283183B2
JP4283183B2 JP2004226407A JP2004226407A JP4283183B2 JP 4283183 B2 JP4283183 B2 JP 4283183B2 JP 2004226407 A JP2004226407 A JP 2004226407A JP 2004226407 A JP2004226407 A JP 2004226407A JP 4283183 B2 JP4283183 B2 JP 4283183B2
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square
screw
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metal pin
head
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克彦 今井
圭祐 神野
陽子 洞
忠稔 古川
豊 玉田
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克彦 今井
株式会社森林経済工学研究所
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本発明は角材組合わせ構造材に係り、詳しくは、間伐材等から得られた角材をねじ締結により一体化させ、剪断耐力の高い柱・梁等の構造材として機能させることができるようにした角材組合わせ木造構造材に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a square bar combination structural material, and more specifically, a square bar obtained from thinned lumber or the like is integrated by screw fastening so that it can function as a structural member such as a column or beam having high shear strength. The present invention relates to a timber combination wooden structure material.

木材の有効利用を図る手段として、例えば実開平3−105622号公報にも記載されているように、繊維方向を合わせて板材を平行に組み合わせ、接着剤により積層一体化させた組合わせ材が知られている。このようにして作られる集成材は任意の大きさを持った断面を与えられることや、所望する長さとなるように順次重ね合わすことができ、所望した寸法を得るには極めて都合がよい木製建材となる。そして、ほぼ等質な部材としておくことも容易である利点がある。   As a means for achieving effective use of wood, for example, as described in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 3-105622, a combination material in which plate materials are combined in parallel with the fiber directions aligned and laminated by an adhesive is known. It has been. Laminated wood made in this way can be given a cross-section with an arbitrary size, and can be stacked one after another to achieve the desired length, which is very convenient for obtaining the desired dimensions. It becomes. And there is an advantage that it is easy to make it a substantially homogeneous member.

その各板材は、合成樹脂系の接着剤を用いて一体化されることが通常である。そのため風雨に曝される屋外での使用には耐久性の面で難があるが、加えて、接着剤が木面全体に馴染んでいるかは外部から判別しがたいこと、通常節の少ない高品質の板を用いるために原木に対する歩留りが低くなること、大きい断面を形成させるには多数枚の板が必要となって却って割高となることなどの点で問題を抱える。   The plate members are usually integrated using a synthetic resin adhesive. Therefore, it is difficult in terms of durability when used outdoors exposed to wind and rain, but in addition, it is difficult to determine from the outside whether the adhesive is familiar with the whole wood surface, and high quality with few nodes In order to form a large cross section, a large number of plates are required and the price is rather high.

例えば梁として使用した場合、重ね合わせ面に作用する剪断力は塗布されている接着剤にも及ぶが、接着力を面内均一に発揮させることができるようにするのは容易でない。すなわち、挟圧して面着させるとはいえ、重ね合わせ面における木目の粗密や表面粗度に違いがあり、接着層が不均厚となりがちであるからである。従って、合わせ面での接着効果の均質性を得ようとすれば、素材選定にも配慮を払わなければならなくなる。   For example, when used as a beam, the shearing force acting on the overlapping surface extends to the applied adhesive, but it is not easy to make the adhesive force uniform in the surface. That is, although the surface is attached by pressing, there is a difference in the density of the grain and the surface roughness on the overlapping surface, and the adhesive layer tends to be uneven. Therefore, if the uniformity of the bonding effect on the mating surfaces is to be obtained, consideration must also be given to material selection.

ところで、高強度構造材を組合わせ品によって得ようとする場合、例えば実開平1−92412号公報にも記載されているように、長いボルトを使用して固縛することがある。この例は、上段と下段の角材にそれぞれねじ棒を長手方向に縦通させ、端面に密着させた剛板から出たねじ端にナットを掛けて全段の角材を挟み、中段の角材は剛板側から差し込んだ小ねじで止めておくという構成をとっている。   By the way, when trying to obtain a high-strength structural material by a combination product, for example, as described in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 1-92412, a long bolt may be used for tying. In this example, the upper and lower square bars are each threaded with a threaded rod in the longitudinal direction, and the nuts are put on the ends of the screws coming out of the rigid plates in close contact with the end faces, and the middle square bars are rigid. It is configured to be secured with a small screw inserted from the plate side.

このように多段に重ね合わされた角材を長尺なねじ棒で一体化させる方法として、図15の(a)に示すような締結法が採られることもある。これは、積み重ねられた角材に対して上下方向からねじ棒を挿通させるものであるが、この場合、重ね合わせ面にジベル21(左端部に表した拡大図も参照)が設置され、これを挟むようにした角材22,22が長い貫通ボルト23で固縛される。   A fastening method as shown in FIG. 15A may be adopted as a method of integrating the square members stacked in multiple stages in this way with a long screw rod. In this case, a screw rod is inserted into the stacked square bars from above and below, and in this case, a gibber 21 (see also the enlarged view shown at the left end) is installed on the overlapping surface and sandwiched between them. The square bars 22 and 22 are secured with long through bolts 23.

貫通ボルトの下端にナット24が掛けられ、重ね合わせた角材を上下方向の圧縮力で一体化し、合わせ面のジベル21で角材のずれを阻止する。ジベルには爪21a,21aが上下に突設されており、貫通ボルト23による固縛前に重ね合わせた角材を図示しない油圧ジャッキ等で挟んで爪を木面に噛み込ませておき、このジベルと貫通ボルトによって角材がいずれの方向へもずれないようにされる。   A nut 24 is hung on the lower end of the through bolt, and the overlapped square members are integrated by the compressive force in the vertical direction, and the shift of the square members is prevented by the dowel 21 on the mating surface. Claws 21a and 21a are provided in the top and bottom of the gibber, and the claws are bitten into a wooden surface by sandwiching squares stacked before being secured by the through bolt 23 with a hydraulic jack (not shown). And the square bolts are prevented from shifting in any direction by through bolts.

この重ね合わせ材を例えば梁として使用する場合、図14に示すように、角材22の長手方向に幾つものジベル21や貫通ボルト23が配置される。通常端部に近づくほど貫通ボルトやジベルのピッチは小さく、支持部近傍での剪断力に対する強化のため固縛の増強が図られる。この場合、貫通ボルトの頭部やナットがめり込むのを防止するために木造用ワッシャ25(図15の(a)も参照)が用いられる。これは金属材を対象とした場合よりも座面が広く与えられ、木面に作用する応力の軽減が図られている。   When this superposed material is used as a beam, for example, as shown in FIG. 14, a number of dowels 21 and through bolts 23 are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the square member 22. Normally, the closer to the end, the smaller the pitch of the through bolts and the dowels, and the lashing can be strengthened to strengthen the shearing force in the vicinity of the support. In this case, a wooden washer 25 (see also FIG. 15 (a)) is used to prevent the head and nut of the through-bolt from sinking. This provides a wider seating surface than the case where a metal material is used, thereby reducing the stress acting on the wood surface.

このワッシャは角材の表面に設置されることが多く、従ってボルト頭部やナットが外部に現れる。これは美観や見栄えを損なうだけでなく、構造材の上下面の平面性や平滑性が失われ、また建てつけ上も収まりが悪くなることがある。もちろん爾後的な面出し作業もやり難く、これが重ね合わせ材の使用の途を致命的に狭めている。   This washer is often installed on the surface of a square bar, so the bolt head and nut appear outside. This not only impairs the aesthetics and appearance, but also loses the flatness and smoothness of the upper and lower surfaces of the structural material, and may deteriorate the fit. Of course, it is difficult to perform post-mortem chamfering work, and this has severely narrowed the use of laminated materials.

これを解消するために、図15の(b)に示すように、ワッシャが入る程度の大きさの孔26が上下面に座掘りされる。上方側では頭部23aとワッシャ25とを、下方側ではナット24やワッシャ25とねじ部先端23bを収納できるようにしておく。この例に類する構成が、特開2002−146918号公報にも開示されている。   In order to solve this problem, as shown in FIG. 15 (b), a hole 26 large enough to contain a washer is dug in the upper and lower surfaces. The head 23a and the washer 25 are accommodated on the upper side, and the nut 24, the washer 25, and the threaded portion tip 23b are accommodated on the lower side. A configuration similar to this example is also disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-146918.

しかし、このような処置を採ると、梁すなわち曲げ材として使用した場合に最も大きな応力の作用する位置の上下端部に、重ね梁としての耐久性を低下させる断面欠損部が残されることになる。その影響を抑えようとして大断面化すれば、断面欠損のない部分では過大断面となって無駄が生じる。   However, if such a measure is taken, the cross-sectional defect part which reduces the durability as a laminated beam will remain in the upper and lower ends of the position where the greatest stress acts when used as a beam, that is, a bending material. . If the cross-section is increased to suppress the influence, an excessive cross-section is used in a portion where there is no cross-sectional defect, resulting in waste.

ところで、ジベルは例えば120mmの角材に対しては6cm径、10mm高さ程度のリング状である。これは重ね合わせ材に曲げが作用して変形しようとしたときそれに追従して変形するものでないから、このジベルが却って梁の変形を阻害する。もしくは、ジベルの爪が曲げ変形を受ける角材との間で噛みこみ孔を拡げるように挙動する。これでは梁としての部材の一体性が損なわれたり、ジベルによるずれ止め作用が経時的に低下することになる。このようなことを考慮すると、設計上はその断面二次モーメントや断面係数の評価を、一本ものの角材に比較して精々60ないし70%に留めざるを得なくなる。   By the way, the dowel is a ring shape having a diameter of 6 cm and a height of about 10 mm for a square material of 120 mm, for example. This is because the bending does not deform when the bending material is applied to the laminated material, and the deformation does not disturb the deformation of the beam. Alternatively, the claw of the dowel behaves so as to widen the bite hole with the square member that undergoes bending deformation. As a result, the integrity of the member as a beam is impaired, and the shift preventing action by the dowel is reduced with time. In consideration of this, in terms of design, the evaluation of the moment of inertia of the section and the section modulus must be limited to 60 to 70% compared to a single square member.

上記した貫通ボルトを使用しない例として、長いねじ部を持ったラグスクリューを使用する提案が、実用新案登録第3021618号公報においてなされている。そして、頭部を埋没させ、隠し釘として機能させることができることも開示されている。これは木材に噛みこんでいく主ねじと、これとは別にそのねじ部と頭部との間に別ピッチの副ねじを形成させたものとなっている。先端の主ねじ部による下側の角材に対する螺進を利用して、頭部に近い側の副ねじで上側の角材の締めあげを図ったり、逆回転操作時の抜け出しの円滑を促そうとの意図によるものである。   As an example in which the above-described through bolt is not used, a proposal to use a lag screw having a long thread portion is made in Utility Model Registration No. 3021618. It is also disclosed that the head can be buried and function as a hidden nail. This is a main screw that is bitten into the wood, and a sub screw with a different pitch is formed between the screw portion and the head. By using the screwing of the lower square member by the main screw part at the tip, the upper square member is tightened with the auxiliary screw near the head, or it is intended to facilitate smooth removal during reverse rotation operation. It is by intention.

しかし、長いねじを持ったラグスクリューとはいっても、ピッチや径の異なる副ねじを備えるために、主ねじが木側に形成させた螺旋孔を副ねじで耕してしまうことになる。これでは、二種のねじが通過した箇所でのねじ締結力は減殺される傾向にあって、構造材としたい角材の重ね合わせ締結に相応しいとは言い難い。   However, even if it is a lag screw having a long screw, since it is provided with auxiliary screws having different pitches and diameters, the helical hole formed on the wood side by the main screw is plowed with the auxiliary screw. In this case, the screw fastening force at the place where the two kinds of screws have passed tends to be reduced, and it is difficult to say that it is suitable for overlapping fastening of square members to be used as a structural material.

また、頭部を埋没させて側面からはラグスクリューが見えなくする配慮も払われるが、頭下は正三角形に近いテーパが与えられ、螺進力が大きくなると木面下にめり込み、却って頭部によるねじ込み反力の受け持ち力を低下させてしまう。その頭部の径が小さいために、ドライバーを噛ませる程度の小さな回し溝しか形成させることができず、加えることができる締結トルクもかなり制約されたものとなる。   In addition, consideration is given to burying the head so that the lag screw can not be seen from the side, but the head is given a taper close to an equilateral triangle, and when the screw force increases, it sinks below the tree surface and on the contrary, the head This reduces the handling force of the screwing reaction force. Since the diameter of the head is small, only a turning groove small enough to bite the driver can be formed, and the fastening torque that can be applied is considerably limited.

次に、木材を重ね合わせて接着する場合の問題を考える。接着性能を左右するのは接着面の木肌の性状である。木面には木目があり、これが僅かといえ表面に凹凸を与える。また、硬軟質が混成した状態も生じさせる。従って接着剤塗布面を密着させるためには大きな加圧力が必要となり、作業が容易でない。   Next, let us consider the problem of overlapping and adhering wood. It is the nature of the bark of the bonded surface that affects the bonding performance. The surface of the wood has a grain, which gives a rough surface. In addition, a mixed state of hard and soft materials is also generated. Therefore, a large pressure is required to bring the adhesive application surface into close contact, and the operation is not easy.

もちろん薄い塗膜が連続して存在すればよいが、個々の木目の交差は塗着層を分断して空膜部を生じさせる。塗膜の不連続は、面着力の低下、すなわち一塗膜内での引張耐力や剪断耐力のばらつきを発生させる。さらには、木材の呼吸により侵入する空気の遮断がなされず、流通する外気との接触で接着剤の劣化も惹起され、長期にわたる均一かつ安定した面着性能を期待し難くなる。
実開平3−105622号公報 実開平1−92412号公報 特開2002−146918号公報 実用新案登録第3021618号公報
Of course, it is sufficient that thin coatings exist continuously, but the crossing of individual grain breaks the coating layer to form an empty film part. The discontinuity of the coating film causes a decrease in surface adhering force, that is, variation in tensile strength and shear strength within one coating film. Furthermore, the intrusion of air due to the breathing of the wood is not blocked, and the adhesive is deteriorated by contact with the circulating outside air, so that it is difficult to expect a uniform and stable surface wearing performance over a long period of time.
Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 3-105622 Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 1-92412 JP 2002-146918 A Utility Model Registration No. 3021618

本発明は上記した問題に鑑みなされたもので、その目的は、重ね合わせた角材をねじ締結して得られる組合わせ構造材の重ね合わせ面での剪断耐力の格段の向上を図ること、これによって小断面角材の大断面化を可能にし、間伐材などの消費の途を拡大すると共に、低品質材からも高品質な柱梁材が得られるようにすること、締結ねじの押圧面を広く確保できるようにして大きなトルクを与えやすくしつつ構造材の断面欠損を可及的に少なくできること、剪断耐力の増強効果に付随して締結ねじの緩み止め作用も高められること等が実現できる角材組合わせ構造材を提供することである。   The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to achieve a marked improvement in the shear strength on the overlapping surface of the combined structural material obtained by screwing the overlapped square members. It is possible to increase the cross-section of small-section square timber, expand the consumption of thinned wood, etc., ensure that high-quality column beam material can be obtained even from low-quality materials, and secure a wide pressing surface for fastening screws A combination of square members that can reduce the cross-sectional defects of structural materials as much as possible while facilitating the application of large torque, and that the tightening screw can also be prevented from loosening in conjunction with the effect of increasing shear strength. It is to provide a structural material.

本発明は、重ね合わされた角材をねじ締結して一体化した角材組合わせ構造材に適用される。その特徴とするところは、図1を参照して、角材2は芯持ち材であり、その年輪を横切る方向に延びて重ね合わせ角材を固縛する締結ねじ4のための取付孔2a,2bが形成される。重ね合わせ面には角材の長手方向に直交して延びる半円形溝6が形成され、これを対面させることにより生じる円筒孔7に、その直径より大きい径を有するメタルピン5が嵌着される。重ね合わせ面を密着させたときメタルピン5が木面表層を圧縮し、円筒孔7の周縁に緻密層6s(図7の(b)を参照)が形成されることである。   The present invention is applied to a square member combination structural member in which stacked square members are integrated by screw fastening. Referring to FIG. 1, the feature is that the square member 2 is a core-supporting member, and has mounting holes 2a and 2b for fastening screws 4 extending in a direction crossing the annual ring and securing the laminated square member. It is formed. A semicircular groove 6 extending perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the square member is formed on the overlapping surface, and a metal pin 5 having a diameter larger than the diameter is fitted into a cylindrical hole 7 generated by facing the groove 6. The metal pin 5 compresses the surface of the wood surface when the overlapping surfaces are brought into close contact with each other, and a dense layer 6s (see FIG. 7B) is formed on the periphery of the cylindrical hole 7.

なお、メタルピンは中空体としておいてもよい。また、締結ねじの取付位置の重ね合わせ面にはジベル1を配置しておくこともできる。   The metal pin may be a hollow body. Moreover, the gibber 1 can also be arrange | positioned on the overlapping surface of the attachment position of a fastening screw.

円筒孔7は、一方の側のみが開口する有底孔7A(図3の(a)を参照)であってもよい。さらには、メタルピンを円筒孔の孔長より短くしておき、円筒孔の開口に埋木12(図3の(c)等を参照)を施すようにする。   The cylindrical hole 7 may be a bottomed hole 7A (see FIG. 3A) that is open only on one side. Furthermore, the metal pin is made shorter than the hole length of the cylindrical hole, and the buried wood 12 (see (c) in FIG. 3) is applied to the opening of the cylindrical hole.

締結ねじは、図4の(a)に示すように、頭部側の角材2Aを挿通した後に軸端側の角材2Cに設けたねじ用下孔2bを螺進するラグスクリュー4としておくとよい。その頭部4hは軸径の3ないし5倍を超える直径の平面視円形とし、その中心にレンチ用六角孔4dを形成しておく。そして、頭部4hが没入着座する角材表面に形成された座掘部2cの直径は、頭部周囲に残隙を生じさせない大きさとする。   As shown in FIG. 4A, the fastening screw may be a lag screw 4 that is screwed through a screw hole 2b provided in the shaft end side square member 2C after the head side square member 2A is inserted. . The head 4h has a circular shape in plan view with a diameter exceeding 3 to 5 times the shaft diameter, and a wrench hexagon hole 4d is formed at the center thereof. And the diameter of the digging part 2c formed in the surface of the square material on which the head 4h is immersed and seated is set to a size that does not cause a residual space around the head.

図13に示すように、ラグスクリュー4の頭部を覆って角材2の長手方向に延びるメタルプレート14を貼着しておいてもよい。   As shown in FIG. 13, a metal plate 14 that covers the head of the lag screw 4 and extends in the longitudinal direction of the square member 2 may be pasted.

本発明によれば、重ね合わせ面に形成された半円形溝を対面させると生じる円筒孔に、それより径の大きいメタルピンを嵌着させるようにしたので、重ね合わせ面を密着させたときメタルピンによって孔面表層が圧縮され、円筒孔周縁に緻密層が形成される。角材組合わせ構造材を梁として採用した場合に重ね合わせ面に作用する剪断力がメタルピンに及んでも、緻密化して抵抗力を強めた孔周縁に保持されて不動状態にあるメタルピンが対面する角材のずれを阻止する。重ね合わせ面での剪断耐力が増強されれば、小断面角材を使用して容易に大断面構造材を得ることができるようになる。   According to the present invention, the metal pin having a larger diameter is fitted into the cylindrical hole generated when the semicircular groove formed on the overlapping surface is faced, so that when the overlapping surface is brought into close contact with the cylindrical pin, The hole surface layer is compressed, and a dense layer is formed at the periphery of the cylindrical hole. Even when shearing force acting on the overlapping surface is applied to the metal pin when a square member combination structural material is used as a beam, the square pin facing the metal pin that is held in an immobile state and held in the periphery of the hole that has been densified to increase resistance Prevent the deviation. If the shear strength at the overlapping surface is enhanced, a large cross-section structural material can be easily obtained using a small cross-section square.

締結ねじは年輪を横切る方向に延びて芯持ち角材を固縛するので角材の変形は可及的に少なく、その際、重ね合わせ面に位置するメタルピンからの反力は大きく得られ、ねじの緩みが生じにくくなる。円筒孔周縁の緻密化で重ね合わせ材の剪断耐力は増強され、接着剤を使用したときのように劣化するおそれはほとんどなく、屋外用構造材とした場合も高い信頼性が得られる。   Since the fastening screw extends in the direction crossing the annual ring and locks the cored square, the deformation of the square is as small as possible. At that time, a large reaction force is obtained from the metal pin located on the overlapping surface, and the screw is loosened. Is less likely to occur. The shear strength of the laminated material is enhanced by densification of the periphery of the cylindrical hole, and there is almost no risk of deterioration as in the case of using an adhesive, and high reliability can be obtained even when an outdoor structural material is used.

メタルピンは中実材でもよいが、パイプ等を使用すれば、電力供給線、LAN等の通信回線といったものを通すことができる。   The metal pin may be a solid material, but if a pipe or the like is used, a power supply line or a communication line such as a LAN can be passed.

重ね合わせ面にジベルを配置すれば剪断耐力はさらに向上するが、締結ねじの取付位置に配置するなら、ねじの締結力によってずれの極めて少なくなっている拘束強化部分に噛み込むジベルにより、重ね合わせ面のずれ阻止効果がますます増強され、組合わせ角材の剪断耐力は飛躍的に増大する。   Shear strength is further improved by placing the gibber on the overlap surface, but if it is placed at the mounting position of the fastening screw, the gibber bites into the restraint strengthened part where the displacement is extremely small due to the fastening force of the screw. The effect of preventing the displacement of the surface is further enhanced, and the shear strength of the combined square is dramatically increased.

円筒孔を一方の側のみ開口させた有底孔とするなら、一方の側ではメタルピンの存在を気づかせないようにしておくことができる。また、孔長より短いメタルピンを使用して開口に埋木するなどすれば、見栄えが改善される。   If the cylindrical hole is a bottomed hole that is open on only one side, the presence of the metal pin can be made unaware on one side. In addition, if a metal pin shorter than the hole length is used to bury the tree in the opening, the appearance is improved.

締結ねじをラグスクリューとすれば、頭部側の角材を挿通した後に軸端側の角材に設けたねじ用下孔を螺進させ、組合わせ角材に没入させたスマートな外観を呈する構造材とすることができる。   If the fastening screw is a lag screw, a structural material that has a smart appearance that is inserted into the combined square member by screwing the screw hole provided in the square member on the shaft end side after inserting the square member on the head side, and can do.

軸径の3ないし5倍を超える直径の頭部の広いラグスクリューで重ね合わされた角材を固縛し、角材表面に頭部周囲との間に残隙を生じさせない大きさの座掘部を形成しておけば、重ね合わせ角材には強力なねじ締結力を及ぼすことができ、また、構造材の上下面に断面欠損を残すこともなくなり、最小サイズの角材によって所望する強度を発揮する高強度構造材を得ることが容易となる。   The square bar piled up with a wide lag screw with a head diameter 3 to 5 times larger than the shaft diameter is secured to form a countersink part with a size that does not create a gap between the head and the periphery. If this is done, a strong screw fastening force can be exerted on the laminated square bar, and there will be no cross-sectional defects on the upper and lower surfaces of the structural material. It becomes easy to obtain a structural material.

ラグスクリューの頭部を覆うようにして角材の長手方向にメタルプレートを貼着しておけば、それが角材に比べて薄いものであっても、プレート断面積の数十倍の断面積を有する木質部材を、組合わせ構造材に付加したのと同等の効果を与える。   If the metal plate is pasted in the longitudinal direction of the square bar so as to cover the head of the lag screw, even if it is thinner than the square bar, it has a cross-sectional area several tens of times the plate cross-sectional area The same effect as that obtained by adding the wood member to the combined structural material is provided.

以下に、本発明に係る角材組合わせ構造材を、その実施の形態を表した図面に基づいて詳細に説明する。図4の(a)は、ジベル1を挟んで重ね合わされた角材2,2をねじ締結することにより、組合わせ角材を一体化させた構造材3の断面を示す。これは角材が三段重ねされた例となっている。   Below, the square member combination structure material which concerns on this invention is demonstrated in detail based on drawing showing the embodiment. FIG. 4A shows a cross section of the structural member 3 in which the combined square members are integrated by screwing the square members 2 and 2 that are overlapped with each other with the dowel 1 interposed therebetween. This is an example in which square bars are stacked in three stages.

その角材2,2は例えば120ないし300ミリメートル角のいずれでも同一寸法であればよく、廃材扱いされることの多い間伐材もおおいに利用することができる。本発明においては、角材組合わせ体を柱・梁などの構造材として使用できるようにすることを目的としているので、図のような芯持ち材が使用される。なお、間伐材は細くて長いものが比較的多く、このような角材を得るには却って都合がよい。   The square members 2 and 2 may be of any size, for example, 120 to 300 mm square, and thinned wood that is often handled as waste material can also be used. In the present invention, since the object is to enable the combination of square members to be used as a structural material such as a column or beam, a core holding material as shown in the figure is used. In addition, the thinned wood is thin and relatively long, and it is convenient to obtain such square wood.

この角材組合わせ構造材3を得るためのねじ締結に、図4の(b)の左側に示したような軸長の大きいラグスクリュー4が使用される。これは軸端側にねじ部4sが形成され、頭部4hとねじ部4sとの間は円形断面の軸部4aとなっている。従って、(c)に示すように、重ねられるうちの頭部側の角材2A,2Bには軸部の円滑な挿入を図る挿通孔2aが形成され、先端側の角材2Cにはねじ部の谷径以下の直径を持ったねじ用下孔2bが設けられる。このようにしておけば、ラグスクリュー4は年輪を横切る方向に簡単に挿通され、ひび割れを起こさせることなく下端の角材2Cに至り、そこで回転が加えられるとねじ用下孔2bを螺進する。このラグスクリューは組合わせ角材に没入させることができるので、スマートな外観を呈する構造材を与える。   A lag screw 4 having a large axial length as shown on the left side of FIG. 4B is used for screw fastening to obtain the square member combination structural member 3. This has a threaded portion 4s formed on the shaft end side, and a shaft portion 4a having a circular cross section is formed between the head portion 4h and the threaded portion 4s. Accordingly, as shown in (c), the head-side square members 2A and 2B are formed with insertion holes 2a for smooth insertion of the shaft portion, and the tip-side square members 2C are threaded valleys. A screw hole 2b having a diameter equal to or smaller than the diameter is provided. If it does in this way, the lag screw 4 will be easily penetrated in the direction which crosses an annual ring, will reach the square 2C of a lower end, without causing a crack, and if it rotates there, it will advance through the screw pilot hole 2b. This lag screw can be immersed in a combination square, giving a structural material that has a smart appearance.

ラグスクリュー4による角材2A〜2Cに対する固縛力を増強させるため、ラグスクリューの頭部4hは、通常の木ねじの場合のような2倍程度ではなく、鍔状に広がり座面の直径が軸部4aの径の3ないし5倍を超える広さの平面視円形とされる。この頭部4hは円板状でもよいし、(b)の中央および右側に表したように頭下を円錐形にしたものであってもよい。いずれにしても広い座面を与えまたラグスクリュー4の回転も阻害しない形状の頭部4hとなっていればよい。   In order to reinforce the binding force of the lag screw 4 to the square members 2A to 2C, the head 4h of the lag screw is not about twice as in the case of a normal wood screw, but spreads like a bowl and the diameter of the seating surface is the shaft part. A circular shape in plan view with a width exceeding 3 to 5 times the diameter of 4a. The head 4h may have a disk shape, or may have a conical shape below the head as shown in the center and the right side of (b). In any case, it is sufficient that the head 4h has a shape that gives a wide seating surface and does not inhibit the rotation of the lag screw 4.

この頭部4hには、その中心にレンチ用六角孔4dが形成される。一方、その頭部4hが着座する角材表面に形成される座掘部2cの直径は、頭部周囲との間に残隙を生じさせない大きさに形成される。すなわち座掘部2cの径は頭部4hと同じかそれよりやや小さくされ、その凹みの深さも頭部4hの厚みと同じか僅かに浅くされる。座掘部2cの径が頭部4hより少し小さければ、ラグスクリューの螺進につれて頭部が木地に対してギリギリのめり込みで座掘部に着座する。これによって、固縛用機能部品の存在に基因する断面欠損を角材表面から排除しておくことができる。   A wrench hexagon hole 4d is formed in the center of the head 4h. On the other hand, the diameter of the drilling portion 2c formed on the surface of the square member on which the head 4h is seated is formed so as not to cause a residual space between the head and the periphery. That is, the diameter of the drilling portion 2c is the same as or slightly smaller than the head 4h, and the depth of the recess is the same as or slightly shallower than the thickness of the head 4h. If the diameter of the digging portion 2c is slightly smaller than the head 4h, the head is seated in the digging portion with a last-minute penetration of the wood as the lag screw is screwed. Thereby, the cross-sectional defect | deletion resulting from presence of the functional component for lashing can be excluded from the square material surface.

このように頭部の上面を広くすれば軸部との間に形成される首部も、上で述べた円錐状にするなど厚くしておくことができる。ひいては、頭部に刻設される六角孔4dも大きくすることが可能となり、結局ラグスクリューの回転操作が容易で、また大きな締付けトルクも楽に与えることができる。このように円形頭部4hの大径化は、ワッシャの排除、ねじ込み力の増強、回転操作の円滑化、断面欠損の回避といったように、木材を集成固縛するうえで極めて好都合なものとなる。それゆえ、最小サイズの角材によって所望する強度を発揮する高強度構造材を得ることが容易となる。   If the upper surface of the head is made wider in this way, the neck formed between the shaft and the shaft can be made thicker, for example, in the conical shape described above. As a result, the hexagonal hole 4d engraved in the head can also be enlarged, so that the rotation operation of the lag screw is easy and a large tightening torque can be easily applied. Thus, the increase in the diameter of the circular head 4h is extremely advantageous in consolidating and securing the wood, such as eliminating the washer, increasing the screwing force, facilitating the rotation operation, and avoiding cross-sectional defects. . Therefore, it becomes easy to obtain a high-strength structural material that exhibits the desired strength with the square bar of the minimum size.

図2は固縛前の状態を示す斜視図であり、これから分かるように、爪付きのジベル1が取付孔2a,2bの位置する重ね合わせ面に配置される。このジベルの噛み込みによるずれ抑止作用は従来技術のところで述べたとおりであるが、ラグスクリューとジベルとの配置関係をこのようにしておけば、ラグスクリューのねじ締結作用による大きな押圧力をジベルに対して直接及ぼすことができて都合がよい。構造材が例えば梁として使用され曲げ変形を受ける場合でも、ジベルに作用する重ね合わせ面における剪断力を軽減させることができ、ジベルの木地噛み込み状態の安定が図られる。   FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a state before lashing. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the gibber 1 with a claw is disposed on the overlapping surface where the mounting holes 2a and 2b are located. The displacement restraining effect due to the biting of the dowel is as described in the prior art, but if the positional relationship between the lag screw and the dowel is made in this way, a large pressing force due to the screw fastening action of the lag screw is applied to the dowel. Conveniently, it can be applied directly. Even when the structural material is used as, for example, a beam and undergoes bending deformation, the shearing force on the overlapping surface acting on the dowel can be reduced, and the state where the dowel is bitten can be stabilized.

ラグスクリュー4は上記した構成とされるが、それに加えてメタルピンも介装され、固縛の増強が企図される。これは図1に描かれたメタルピン5から想像されるように、重ね合わされた角材2A,2B,2Cの長手方向ずれを阻止しようとするものである。この場合、接着剤等を塗布して一体化させる手法とは異なり、メタルピン周囲の木質を自動的に強化してメタルピンの保持能力を高め、不動状態に置かれるメタルピンによる剪断耐力の向上を図る。   The lag screw 4 has the above-described configuration, but in addition to that, a metal pin is also interposed to increase the lashing. This is intended to prevent the longitudinal displacement of the stacked square members 2A, 2B, 2C, as can be imagined from the metal pin 5 depicted in FIG. In this case, unlike the technique of applying and integrating an adhesive or the like, the wood around the metal pin is automatically strengthened to enhance the holding ability of the metal pin, and the shear strength by the metal pin placed in an immobile state is improved.

すなわち、接着剤は粘着性化学物質の硬化性質を利用して重ね合わせ面を拘束するものであるが、その合わせ面の木質に特に影響を及ぼすものでない。接着剤の劣化は木質とは関係なく進むから、木質部の老朽化よりも早い場合には、接着面での異変に気づかないことが多くなる。本発明に係るメタルピンは木材よりはるかに耐久性の高いものであることは言うまでもないが、そのメタルピンの存在で影響を受ける部分の木質は木材としての性質を残したまま機械的性質の強化が図られるので、構造材としての保守や点検は外見からの判断に委ねることもできる。   That is, the adhesive restrains the overlapping surface by utilizing the curing property of the adhesive chemical substance, but does not particularly affect the wood quality of the mating surface. Since the deterioration of the adhesive proceeds regardless of the wood quality, when the wood portion is aged earlier, it is often not noticed that the adhesive surface has changed. It goes without saying that the metal pin according to the present invention is much more durable than wood, but the wood that is affected by the presence of the metal pin is designed to enhance its mechanical properties while retaining its properties as wood. Therefore, maintenance and inspection as a structural material can be left to judgment based on appearance.

メタルピン5は、図1のごとく、重ね合わせ面においてラグスクリューの位置しない部位で角材の長手方向に対して直交するように介装される。そのピンは角材よりも硬いことが要求されるので、スチール材やアルミ材といった金属材である。ちなみに、木製ピンは極めて特殊な材料を除いて後述する接触面改質能力を有するほど硬質のものが少なく、従って通常は金属品を採用しておけば十分である。   As shown in FIG. 1, the metal pin 5 is interposed so as to be orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the square member at a portion where the lag screw is not located on the overlapping surface. Since the pin is required to be harder than the square, it is a metal material such as steel or aluminum. By the way, wooden pins are few so hard that they have the contact surface modification ability described later except for very special materials. Therefore, it is usually sufficient to use metal products.

梁に分布荷重が作用するなどして曲げが生じたとき、梁断面には中立軸から上下それぞれの外皮に向うにつれて大きくなる曲げ応力が発生するが、その曲げ応力は重ね合わせ面においては重ね合わされた角材を長手方向にずらせようとする剪断力として働く。この剪断力に対抗しまた伝達するためのメタルピン5を収容するため、図2に示すように、重ね合わせ面には角材2の長手方向に直交して延びる半円形溝6が形成される。   When bending occurs due to a distributed load acting on the beam, bending stress that increases from the neutral axis to the upper and lower skins is generated on the beam cross section, but the bending stress is superimposed on the overlapping surface. It acts as a shearing force to shift the square bar in the longitudinal direction. In order to accommodate the metal pin 5 for resisting and transmitting this shearing force, a semicircular groove 6 extending perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction of the square member 2 is formed on the overlapping surface as shown in FIG.

この半円形溝6は重ね合わせ面において対面することにより円筒孔7を形成するが、図3の(a)の上側の重ね合わせ面に示すように角材2の全幅にわたって形成されたり、下側の重ね合わせ面のように、一方の側を閉止した有底孔7Aとされたりする。後者は、メタルピンの存在を気づかせないようにするためである。いずれにしても重ね合わせ面に作用する剪断力に対して分担するに相応しい長さのメタルピン5が、(b)から(e)のいずれかの形態で介装される。   This semicircular groove 6 forms a cylindrical hole 7 by facing the overlapping surface, but is formed over the entire width of the square member 2 as shown in the upper overlapping surface of FIG. Like the overlapping surface, the bottomed hole 7A is closed on one side. The latter is to prevent the presence of metal pins. In any case, the metal pin 5 having a length suitable for sharing the shearing force acting on the overlapping surface is interposed in any form of (b) to (e).

半円形溝6によって形成される円筒孔7は、その直径がメタルピン5より小さく与えられる。後述するごとくメタルピンを一方の半円形溝6に嵌着させ、重ね合わせ面を密着させたとき、メタルピン5が径の大きい分だけ孔面周囲の木層を排除しようとする。すなわち、木面表層は圧縮され、円筒孔周縁に緻密層が形成されることになる。   The cylindrical hole 7 formed by the semicircular groove 6 is given a smaller diameter than the metal pin 5. As will be described later, when a metal pin is fitted into one of the semicircular grooves 6 and the overlapping surface is brought into close contact with each other, an attempt is made to eliminate the wood layer around the hole surface by the amount that the metal pin 5 has a larger diameter. That is, the surface of the wood surface is compressed, and a dense layer is formed at the periphery of the cylindrical hole.

ちなみに、円筒孔の径がメタルピンと同一に与えられている場合の挙動を、図5を参照して述べる。(a)のように下側の角材2Bの半円形溝6Nにメタルピン5を嵌め、上側の角材2Aを被せる。径が同じであるから(b)のように半円形溝6Mにおいても隙間が生じることなく重ね合わされる。いま、重ね合わせ面に(c)に表した剪断力fs が作用したとすると、メタルピン5が角材2との間で力を及ぼしあう面が上半部と下半部それぞれにおいて一方の側に生じる。 Incidentally, the behavior when the diameter of the cylindrical hole is the same as that of the metal pin will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in (a), the metal pin 5 is fitted into the semicircular groove 6N of the lower square member 2B, and the upper square member 2A is covered. Since the diameters are the same, as shown in (b), the semicircular grooves 6M are overlapped without any gaps. Assuming that the shearing force f s shown in (c) is applied to the overlapping surface, the surface where the metal pin 5 exerts a force with the square member 2 is on one side in each of the upper half and the lower half. Arise.

メタルピン5が円筒孔壁を押し潰すほどに剪断力が大きければ、すなわち角材が相互に反対方向にずれようとすると、メタルピンは位置を保持しようとして孔壁層の一部を排除する。すなわち斜線を施した部分6p、これは拡大して(d)に示されるが、圧潰されて消失し、その背後の表層が緻密化する。これによって、半円形溝の片側面に木質が硬化した部分6qが形成される。   If the shear force is so great that the metal pin 5 squeezes the cylindrical hole wall, that is, if the square bars are displaced in the opposite directions, the metal pin tries to maintain the position and excludes a part of the hole wall layer. That is, the hatched portion 6p, which is enlarged and shown in (d), is crushed and disappears, and the surface layer behind it becomes dense. Thereby, a portion 6q in which the wood is hardened is formed on one side surface of the semicircular groove.

(e)は圧潰部分6pを除いて表したもので、その機械的性質が向上した緻密層6qが形成されているものの、半円形溝6M,6Nは長手方向に歪むと共に対面位置がずれたようになる。この緻密層が形成された後は、緻密層6qに阻まれてメタルピン5が角材2のずれを阻止する。すなわち、メタルピンによる剪断耐力は圧潰工程を経た後に発揮されることになるから、圧潰分だけ初期変形を許容した構造材となる。   (E) is shown excluding the crushing portion 6p, and although the dense layer 6q with improved mechanical properties is formed, the semicircular grooves 6M and 6N are distorted in the longitudinal direction and the facing position is shifted. become. After the dense layer is formed, the metal pin 5 prevents the square member 2 from being displaced by the dense layer 6q. That is, since the shear strength by the metal pin is exhibited after passing through the crushing step, the structural material allows the initial deformation by the amount of crushing.

静荷重が働いているとして述べたが、地震等により動的な荷重もしくは繰り返し荷重を受けて(c)とは左右逆の現象も生じることになれば、円筒孔7はメタルピン5を包含する長円孔となる。重ね合わせ面におけるメタルピンの保持機能は極端に低下する結果、メタルピンを介装させた意義が著しく薄れてしまう。   Although it was described that a static load is working, if a phenomenon opposite to that of (c) occurs due to a dynamic load or a repeated load due to an earthquake or the like, the cylindrical hole 7 has a length including the metal pin 5. It becomes a circular hole. As a result of the extremely low metal pin holding function on the overlapping surface, the significance of interposing the metal pins is significantly diminished.

本発明においては、上記したごとく、メタルピン5の直径を半円形溝6によって形成される円筒孔7のそれより大きくされる。例えば28ミリメートル直径の孔に対して30ミリメートル径のメタルピンが適用され、それを半円形溝に押し込んだだけで周囲に約1ミリメートル深さの緻密層が得られることになる。   In the present invention, as described above, the diameter of the metal pin 5 is made larger than that of the cylindrical hole 7 formed by the semicircular groove 6. For example, a metal pin having a diameter of 30 mm is applied to a hole having a diameter of 28 mm, and a dense layer having a depth of about 1 mm can be obtained by simply pushing the metal pin into a semicircular groove.

図6の(a)に示すように、メタルピン5は下の角材2Bの半円形溝6Bにも、上の角材2Aの半円形溝6Aにも嵌まらない。(b)のように、メタルピン5が半円形溝6A,6Bの底に接触するまで上下方向の荷重を掛けると、各半円形溝が押し拡げられる。圧潰部分6pはメタルピンの左右に生じ、その表層部6qが緻密化される。(c)のように角材2A,2Bが重ね合わせ面で一致するまで押圧されると、半円形溝の底部に表面の後退が余儀なくされる(圧潰部分6rを参照)。その際、先に圧潰された部分6qにもさらに圧縮変形が上乗せされ、結局は(d)に示したように、リング状の緻密層6sが形成される。この様子は、図7にも拡大して示される。   As shown in FIG. 6A, the metal pin 5 does not fit into the semicircular groove 6B of the lower square member 2B or the semicircular groove 6A of the upper square member 2A. As shown in (b), when a vertical load is applied until the metal pin 5 comes into contact with the bottoms of the semicircular grooves 6A and 6B, each semicircular groove is expanded. The crushing portions 6p are formed on the left and right sides of the metal pin, and the surface layer portion 6q is densified. When the square members 2A and 2B are pressed until they coincide with each other as shown in (c), the surface is forced to recede to the bottom of the semicircular groove (see the crushing portion 6r). At that time, compression deformation is further added to the previously collapsed portion 6q, and as a result, a ring-shaped dense layer 6s is formed as shown in FIG. This situation is also shown enlarged in FIG.

その緻密層6sは組合わせ構造材を製作した時点で形成されることになるので、梁として使用した結果生じた剪断力による角材のずれは、緻密層6sによってバックアップされたメタルピン5で阻止される。すなわち、剪断力が作用した時点でそれに対抗する力を直ちに発生させることになるので、構造材としての変形は極めて少なくなる。角材組合わせ構造材を梁や柱として使用した場合、重ね合わせ面に作用する剪断力がメタルピンに及んでも、緻密化して抵抗力を強めた孔周縁に保持されて不動状態にあるメタルピンが対面する角材の一体性を保持する。このような重ね合わせ面での剪断耐力増強効果は、小断面角材を使用しての大断面構造材の製作を可能にする。   Since the dense layer 6s is formed when the combined structural material is manufactured, the displacement of the square material due to the shearing force generated as a result of use as a beam is prevented by the metal pin 5 backed up by the dense layer 6s. . That is, when a shearing force is applied, a force against it is immediately generated, so that deformation as a structural material is extremely reduced. When a square member combination structure is used as a beam or column, even if the shearing force acting on the overlapping surface reaches the metal pin, the metal pin that is held in a fixed state and is held in contact with the periphery of the hole with increased resistance is facing Retains the integrity of the square bars to be used. Such an effect of increasing the shear strength at the overlapping surface enables the production of a large cross-section structure material using a small cross-section square material.

ところで、ジベルは平面形が円であってもよいが、図1の右下部に示したように、角材の長手方向に沿って長くなっている長円形材1Aまたは菱形材1B,1Cとしておくと都合がよい。重ね合わせ面で角材の僅かなずれがあっても、円形ジベルに比べれば、爪の多くの部分はほぼ長手方向に沿った配列となるので、剪断力を受けて曲がりやすい長手方向に対して大きな交差角度をとる爪が少なくなるからである。   By the way, the diver may have a circular planar shape. However, as shown in the lower right part of FIG. 1, if it is an oval material 1A or rhombus 1B, 1C that is elongated along the longitudinal direction of the square material. convenient. Even if there is a slight misalignment of squares on the overlapping surface, many parts of the claws are arranged almost along the longitudinal direction compared to a circular dowel. This is because fewer nails take the crossing angle.

ジベルは重ね合わせ面に配置すればその効果は無視し得ないが、図4の(a)に示したように、ラグスクリュー4の取付位置に配置されれば、ラグスクリューの締結力によってずれの少なくなっている拘束強化部分にジベル1が噛み込むことになり、重ね合わせ面のずれ阻止作用を効果的に増強させることができる。   The effect cannot be ignored if the gibber is arranged on the overlapping surface, but if it is arranged at the mounting position of the lag screw 4 as shown in FIG. The gibber 1 will bite into the restraint strengthening portion that is reduced, and it is possible to effectively enhance the displacement preventing action of the overlapping surface.

メタルピンによる剪断耐力の強化は、ジベルの存在とあいまって、重ね合わせ面における剪断耐力は加算的に増大する。森林蘇生のために大量に切り出される間伐材等を使用しても、機械強度的には大断面高級単一材とほとんどひけをとらない構造材とすることができ、すなわち、低品質材からも高品質な柱梁材が得られるようになって間伐材等の使用の途が大きく拡がる。森林荒廃の解決、洪水治水対策への貢献、地域産業の振興、木質建材の高騰抑制等の社会問題の解決に大きく寄与するものとなる。   The strengthening of the shear strength by the metal pin, combined with the presence of the gibber, increases the shear strength at the overlapping surface additionally. Even if thinned wood, etc., cut out in large quantities for forest resuscitation is used, it can be made into a structural material that does not lose its sink with a large-section high-quality single material in terms of mechanical strength. The use of thinned wood, etc., greatly expands as high-quality column beams are obtained. It will greatly contribute to solving social problems such as solving forest devastation, contributing to flood control measures, promoting local industries, and restraining soaring wooden construction materials.

上記したごとく、組合わせ角材を締結するラグスクリューは年輪を横切る方向に延びて芯持ち材を固縛するので角材の変形が可及的に少なくなり、重ね合わせ面に位置する半円形溝の径より大きい径のメタルピンから大きい反力が得られ、剪断耐力の増強効果に付随して締結ねじの緩み止め作用も高く発揮される。円筒孔周縁の緻密化で組合わせ角材の剪断耐力は増強され、接着剤を使用したときのような劣化のおそれは極めて低く、屋外用構造材とした場合も高い信頼性が発揮される。   As described above, the lag screw that fastens the combination square member extends in the direction crossing the annual ring and secures the core support material, so that the deformation of the square member is reduced as much as possible, and the diameter of the semicircular groove located on the overlapping surface A large reaction force can be obtained from the metal pin having a larger diameter, and the effect of preventing the loosening of the fastening screw is also exhibited highly in association with the effect of increasing the shear strength. The shear strength of the combined square member is enhanced by densification of the periphery of the cylindrical hole, and there is very little risk of deterioration as when an adhesive is used, and high reliability is exhibited even when an outdoor structural material is used.

図8には、角材2にラグスクリューの軸部を挿通させる取付孔2aのみならず、重ね合わせ面に半円形溝6、すなわち重ね合わせ面に中心を置く円筒孔7を形成させる様子が表されている。押圧パッド8で重ね合わせた角材が保持され、図示しない油圧ジャッキ等によって挟圧された状態で、ドリル9,10などにより穿孔される。   FIG. 8 shows a state in which not only the mounting hole 2a through which the shaft portion of the lag screw is inserted into the square member 2 but also the semicircular groove 6 on the overlapping surface, that is, the cylindrical hole 7 centered on the overlapping surface. ing. The stacked square members are held by the pressing pad 8 and are punched by the drills 9 and 10 while being pressed by a hydraulic jack (not shown).

穿孔作業の後は図2のように角材2A,2B,2Cを離隔させ、ジベル1とメタルピン5を所定の位置に配し、再度図8の挟圧状態にすると共にラグスクリュー4がねじ込まれる。メタルピン5は、図1のように円筒孔7に締まり嵌め状態となる。油圧ジャッキによる固縛を解いてもラグスクリューによって角材の緊密な重ね合わせが保持され、メタルピンが木面表層を圧縮して円筒孔周縁に緻密層を備えた角材組合わせ構造材3となる。その後、木肌の手直し、断面寸法の修正や変更といった処置が適宜施される。   After the drilling operation, the square members 2A, 2B, and 2C are separated as shown in FIG. 2, the gibber 1 and the metal pin 5 are arranged at predetermined positions, and the clamping state shown in FIG. 8 is set again, and the lag screw 4 is screwed. As shown in FIG. 1, the metal pin 5 is fitted into the cylindrical hole 7. Even if the tying by the hydraulic jack is released, the lap screw keeps the tight pile of the square members, and the metal pin compresses the surface layer of the wood surface, so that the square member combination structural member 3 having the dense layer on the periphery of the cylindrical hole is obtained. Thereafter, measures such as reworking the bark and correcting or changing the cross-sectional dimensions are appropriately performed.

なお、ラグスクリューの頭部が位置する側の木面に何らかの処置を爾後的に加える予定がある場合、図9の(a)のように座掘部2cを少し深くし、埋木11を施すなどしておけば、ラグスクリュー4の頭部4hは手直しなどの邪魔にならず、また断面欠損を生じさせることもない。   In addition, when there is a plan to add some treatment to the wooden surface on the side where the head of the lag screw is located, as shown in FIG. If this is done, the head 4h of the lag screw 4 will not interfere with reworking and will not cause cross-sectional defects.

角材に対しては個別の穿孔でないので穿孔位置を厳格に与える必要がなく、油圧ジャッキを工事現場に持ち込めば、後はポータブルドリルで処理することができる。切り出された間伐材を製材所で角材にひいて直接サイトに搬入すればよく、輸送時の荷姿や道路事情によって制約を受けることがある工場生産品よりは格安に入手でき、安価に加工できる。地元の山から出る未利用材を、地元の建築物構築のために消費できる点でも極めて都合がよい。   Since it is not an individual drilling for the square bar, it is not necessary to give the drilling position strictly. If the hydraulic jack is brought into the construction site, it can be processed with a portable drill. The thinned wood that has been cut out can be pulled directly into the site at the lumber mill, and directly delivered to the site. It can be obtained at a lower price than the factory-produced products that may be restricted by the packaging and road conditions during transportation, and can be processed at low cost. . It is also very convenient in that unused materials from local mountains can be consumed for building local buildings.

なお、構造材を梁として使用した場合、重ね合わせ面に生じる剪断力が大きくなるのは両端部である。図10は左右方向の長さが上下方向のそれよりも比率的に小さく表されているが、ラグスクリューの配置間隔は中央よりも端部で狭い。メタルピンも端部に集められる。図に表されていないが、メタルピンがラグスクリュー間に複数配置されることもある。いずれにしても、メタルピンの直径と半円形溝のそれとの差やメタルピンの長さをどの程度にするかは、角材の材質、構造材として使用されたときに想定される荷重の程度を勘案して決定される。   In addition, when a structural material is used as a beam, the shearing force generated on the overlapping surface increases at both ends. FIG. 10 shows that the length in the left-right direction is proportionally smaller than that in the vertical direction, but the interval between the lag screws is narrower at the end than at the center. Metal pins are also collected at the end. Although not shown in the figure, a plurality of metal pins may be arranged between the lag screws. In any case, the difference between the diameter of the metal pin and that of the semicircular groove and the length of the metal pin should be determined by taking into consideration the degree of load assumed when used as a square material and structural material. Determined.

ところで、メタルピンを中空体とすることもできる。例えば外径30ミリメートル、内径が10ないし15ミリメートル程度のパイプを採用すれば、電力供給線、LAN等の通信回線といったものを通すことができ、壁に孔をあけるようなことを回避できる。なお、中実材としている場合には、図3の(c)ないし(e)に示すように角材幅より短いメタルピンとしたり、埋木12を施して開口を隠し、見栄えを整えることができる。   By the way, a metal pin can also be made into a hollow body. For example, if a pipe having an outer diameter of 30 mm and an inner diameter of about 10 to 15 mm is employed, a power supply line, a communication line such as a LAN can be passed, and it is possible to avoid making a hole in the wall. In the case of a solid material, as shown in FIGS. 3C to 3E, a metal pin shorter than a square material width can be used, or a buried wood 12 can be applied to conceal the opening so as to adjust the appearance.

構造材3の形状としては図1の(a)のような上下に長い矩形にかぎらず、図11の(a)ないし(d)に示したような正方形、T形、溝形、I(H)形や、図示しないL形、等辺L形といったように縦横に組み込むことにより、構造材3としての断面形状を任意に与えることができる。ラグスクリューは縦横に配置されることになるが、挿通位置は角材の長手方向でずらせておけばよい。   The shape of the structural member 3 is not limited to a vertically long rectangle as shown in FIG. 1A, but is a square, T shape, groove shape, or I (H) as shown in FIGS. 11A to 11D. ), A L shape (not shown), and an equilateral L shape, the cross-sectional shape as the structural material 3 can be arbitrarily given. The lag screw is arranged vertically and horizontally, but the insertion position may be shifted in the longitudinal direction of the square bar.

(a)の場合には二段重ねを2つ準備し、それを左右に配置して水平に描かれているラグスクリューで一体化させる。(b)はすでに固縛された中央の三段重ねに対して左右から各1つの角材を添えて、水平な姿勢のラグスクリューにより固定する。(c)や(d)では四段重ねに対して側方から1つの角材を上端と下端に与え、これもラグスクリューにより形を固定すればよい。重ね合わせ面にはメタルピンがジベルと共にもしくは単独で介在されることは言うまでもない。   In the case of (a), two double stacks are prepared, and they are arranged on the left and right sides and integrated with a lag screw drawn horizontally. In (b), one square member is attached from the left and right with respect to the central three-stage stack already secured, and fixed with a lag screw in a horizontal posture. In (c) and (d), one square member is given to the upper end and the lower end from the side with respect to the four-tiered stack, and the shape may also be fixed by a lag screw. It goes without saying that metal pins are interposed together with the dowels or alone on the overlapping surface.

図12の(a)は、構造材の長尺物を得ようとした場合の一例を示したものである。ラグスクリュー4による固縛の前に(b)に示すごとく個々の角材の木口にフィンガージョイント13を形成しておき、これに接着剤を塗布して材軸方向に加圧する。このような長尺材は(a)のように重ね、上記した要領によって長尺な組合わせ構造材とすることができる。   (A) of FIG. 12 shows an example when it is going to obtain the long thing of a structural material. Prior to lashing with the lag screw 4, finger joints 13 are formed at the ends of the individual square members as shown in FIG. 5B, and an adhesive is applied to the finger joints 13 and pressed in the direction of the material axis. Such long materials can be stacked as shown in (a), and a long combined structure material can be obtained by the above-described procedure.

いずれにしても、ラグスクリューによる固縛がなされ、その固縛による保形力は十分発揮されるので、表面清掃等をすれば特に養生することなく移動しまた横持ちすることができる。従って、現場で構造材を製作し直ちに構築することができるから、工期の短縮や資材搬入量や時期に融通を持たせて、施工管理上も極めて都合のよいものとなる。   In any case, since the lash screw is secured and the shape retaining force due to the lash is sufficiently exhibited, if the surface is cleaned, it can be moved and held sideways without curing. Therefore, since a structural material can be manufactured and constructed immediately at the site, the construction period can be shortened, the amount of material carried in and the time can be accommodated, and the construction management is extremely convenient.

図13は、ラグスクリュー4の頭部4hを覆って角材2の長手方向に延びるメタルプレート14が貼着された構造としたものである。このプレートは図のように浅い溝に嵌め込むようにしてもまた全面に被せるようにしてもよいが、接着よりも小ねじ15によって止める方が固定は確実である。もちろん、接着剤と小ねじの併用を排除するものでない。   FIG. 13 shows a structure in which a metal plate 14 that covers the head 4 h of the lag screw 4 and extends in the longitudinal direction of the square member 2 is attached. This plate may be fitted in a shallow groove as shown in the figure or may be covered over the entire surface, but fixing is more reliable by fastening with the machine screw 15 than by bonding. Of course, this does not exclude the combined use of adhesives and machine screws.

そのパネルがスチールである場合、角材に比べて格段に薄くてもヤング係数は約20倍も大きいので、図9の(b)には控え目に表したが、その20倍を超える大きさの断面積を持った木質部材を、組合わせ構造材のその部分に付加させたのと同等の効果を発揮させることができる。これによって、組合わせ構造材が単に上下のみに重ね合わされた縦長であっても、力学的には仮想線で形成した実質T形断面を有する木質構造材16と見なすことができ、断面性能の大幅な改善が簡単な手段で図られるようになる。   When the panel is made of steel, the Young's modulus is about 20 times larger even if it is much thinner than the square, so it was conservatively shown in Fig. 9 (b). An effect equivalent to adding a wood member having an area to the portion of the combined structural material can be exhibited. As a result, even if the combined structural material is simply vertically stacked vertically only, it can be considered mechanically as a wooden structural material 16 having a substantially T-shaped cross section formed by imaginary lines, and the cross-sectional performance is greatly improved. Improvements can be achieved by simple means.

ちなみに、締結ねじは上記したラグスクリューにかぎらず、図9の(c)に示すようにワッシャをかませてナット17をねじロック剤で固定するようにしたラグスクリュー付きねじロッド18としてもよいし、目視の機会の少ない箇所に使用される構造材においては図15の(a)や、一部断面欠損を免れないが(b)に示したものであってもよい。   Incidentally, the fastening screw is not limited to the above-described lag screw, but may be a screw rod 18 with a lag screw in which a nut 17 is fixed with a screw lock agent as shown in FIG. 9C. In the structural material used in the places where there are few opportunities for visual observation, (a) in FIG. 15 and (b) shown in FIG.

本発明に係る角材組合わせ構造材を三段重ねで具現化した斜視図。The perspective view which embodied the square-corner combination structural material based on this invention by 3 steps | paragraphs. ジベルとメタルピンとが配置された様子を表した重ね合わせ前の斜視図。The perspective view before superimposition showing a mode that the gibber and the metal pin were arrange | positioned. (a)は円筒孔が形成された角材組合わせ構造材の断面図、(b)ないし(e)はメタルピンの円筒孔嵌着図。(A) is sectional drawing of the square member combination structure material in which the cylindrical hole was formed, (b) thru | or (e) are cylindrical hole fitting views of a metal pin. 本発明に係る角材組合わせ構造材の一例を示し、(a)は三段重ねの角材からなる場合の断面図、(b)はそれに使用されるラグスクリューの単体図、(c)は組み合わせ前の角材の各断面図。An example of the square-piece combination structural material which concerns on this invention is shown, (a) is sectional drawing in the case of consisting of a three-stage pile, (b) is a single figure of the lag screw used for it, (c) is before combination Sectional drawing of each square bar. メタルピンと円筒孔の径が同じ場合の円筒孔壁変化の説明図。Explanatory drawing of a cylindrical hole wall change in case the diameter of a metal pin and a cylindrical hole is the same. メタルピン径が円筒孔のそれより大きい場合の円筒孔壁緻密化の説明図。Explanatory drawing of cylindrical hole wall densification in case a metal pin diameter is larger than that of a cylindrical hole. 緻密化プロセスの拡大説明図。Expansion explanatory drawing of a densification process. ラグスクリューの取付孔やメタルピンを嵌着させる半円形溝を形成するための処理説明図。Process explanatory drawing for forming the semicircular groove | channel which fits the attachment hole of a lag screw, or a metal pin. (a)は埋木した場合の角材組合わせ構造材の断面図、(b)はメタルプレートを当てた状態を表すと共にその力学上の断面積増大説明図。(A) is sectional drawing of the square-timber combination structural material at the time of buried, (b) represents the state which applied the metal plate, and explanatory drawing with increased dynamic sectional area. 角材組合わせ構造材の一例の全体面。The whole surface of an example of a square bar combination structural material. (a)から(d)は、角材組合わせ構造材をさらに組合わせて得た各種形状をなす構造材の断面図。(A)-(d) is sectional drawing of the structural material which makes | forms various shapes obtained by further combining a square-material combination structural material. (a)は構造材の長尺化を図る製作要領の斜視図、(b)は個々の角材を接合する要領を示した斜視図。(A) is a perspective view of the manufacturing point which aims at lengthening of a structural material, (b) is the perspective view which showed the point which joins each square member. メタルプレートをラグスクリューの頭上に配置した角材単体の斜視図。The perspective view of the square material single-piece | unit which has arrange | positioned the metal plate on the head of a lag screw. 先行技術における重ね梁の正面図。The front view of the laminated beam in a prior art. 先行技術である重ね梁を示し、(a)は構造材からボルト頭部等を突出させた状態の断面図、(b)は座掘部を設けて納めた場合の断面図。The prior art shows a laminated beam, (a) is a cross-sectional view of a state in which a bolt head or the like is projected from a structural material, (b) is a cross-sectional view in the case where a boring part is provided and stored.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1,1A,1B,1C…ジベル、2,2A,2B,2C…角材、2a…挿通孔(取付孔)、2b…ねじ用下孔(取付孔)、2c…座掘部、3…角材組合わせ構造材、4…ラグスクリュー、4a…軸部、4d…レンチ用六角孔、5…メタルピン、6,6A,6B,6M,6N…半円形溝、6q,6q,6s…緻密層、7…円筒孔、7A…有底孔、12…埋木、14…メタルプレート、16…T形断面を有する木質構造材。   1, 1A, 1B, 1C ... Giber, 2, 2A, 2B, 2C ... Square material, 2a ... Insertion hole (mounting hole), 2b ... Pilot screw hole (mounting hole), 2c ... Cavity part, 3 ... Square material set Laminated screw, 4 ... lag screw, 4a ... shaft, 4d ... hexagonal hole for wrench, 5 ... metal pin, 6,6A, 6B, 6M, 6N ... semicircular groove, 6q, 6q, 6s ... dense layer, 7 ... Cylindrical hole, 7A ... bottomed hole, 12 ... buried wood, 14 ... metal plate, 16 ... wooden structure material having T-shaped cross section.

Claims (8)

重ね合わされた角材をねじ締結して一体化した角材組合わせ構造材において、
前記各角材は芯持ち材であり、その年輪を横切る方向に延びて重ね合わせ角材を固縛する締結ねじのための取付孔が形成され、
重ね合わせ面には角材の長手方向に直交して延びる半円形溝が形成され、該半円形溝を対面させることにより生じる円筒孔に、該円筒孔の直径より大きい径を有するメタルピンが嵌着され、
重ね合わせ面を密着させたときメタルピンが木面表層を圧縮し、前記円筒孔の周縁に緻密層が形成されていることを特徴とする角材組合わせ構造材。
In the square material combination structural material that is integrated by screwing the superposed square materials,
Each of the square members is a core-supporting material, and an attachment hole for a fastening screw that extends in a direction crossing the annual ring and secures the overlapping square members is formed.
A semicircular groove extending perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction of the square bar is formed on the overlapping surface, and a metal pin having a diameter larger than the diameter of the cylindrical hole is fitted into a cylindrical hole formed by facing the semicircular groove. ,
A square member combined structure characterized in that a metal pin compresses the surface of the wood surface when the overlapping surfaces are brought into close contact with each other, and a dense layer is formed at the periphery of the cylindrical hole.
前記メタルピンは中空体であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載された角材組合わせ構造材。   The square metal combined structure material according to claim 1, wherein the metal pin is a hollow body. 前記締結ねじの取付位置の重ね合わせ面にはジベルが配置されていることを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載された角材組合わせ構造材。   The square bar combination structure material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a gibber is disposed on an overlapping surface of the mounting positions of the fastening screws. 前記円筒孔は一方の側のみが開口する有底孔であることを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項3のいずれか一項に記載された角材組合わせ構造材。   The square member combination structure material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the cylindrical hole is a bottomed hole that opens only on one side. 前記メタルピンは円筒孔の孔長より短く、円筒孔の開口には埋木が施されていることを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項4のいずれか一項に記載された角材組合わせ構造材。   The square metal combined structure material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the metal pin is shorter than the hole length of the cylindrical hole, and the opening of the cylindrical hole is buried. 前記締結ねじは、頭部側の角材を挿通した後に軸端側の角材に設けたねじ用下孔を螺進するラグスクリューであることを特徴とする請求項1ないし請求項5のいずれか一項に記載された角材組合わせ構造材。   6. The lag screw according to claim 1, wherein the fastening screw is a lag screw that screws through a screw hole provided in the square member on the shaft end side after inserting the square member on the head side. The square bar combination structural material described in the paragraph. 前記ラグスクリューの頭部は軸径の3ないし5倍を超える直径の平面視円形であり、その中心にレンチ用六角孔が形成され、
前記頭部が没入着座する角材表面に形成された座掘部の直径は、頭部周囲に残隙を生じさせない大きさであることを特徴とする請求項6に記載された角材組合わせ構造材。
The head of the lag screw has a circular shape in plan view with a diameter exceeding 3 to 5 times the shaft diameter, and a hexagonal hole for a wrench is formed at the center thereof.
7. The square bar combination structure according to claim 6, wherein a diameter of a hollow portion formed on a square bar surface on which the head is immersed and seated is a size that does not cause a residual space around the head. .
前記ラグスクリューの頭部を覆って角材の長手方向に延びるメタルプレートが貼着されていることを特徴とする請求項6または請求項7に記載された角材組合わせ構造材。
The square plate combined structure material according to claim 6 or 7, wherein a metal plate that covers a head portion of the lag screw and extends in a longitudinal direction of the square rod is attached.
JP2004226407A 2004-08-03 2004-08-03 Square material combination structural material Expired - Fee Related JP4283183B2 (en)

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JP7002439B2 (en) * 2018-11-30 2022-01-20 株式会社コーエイ産業 Manufacturing method of core material insertion type wood structure
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