JP4281272B2 - Fingerprint image imaging method, fingerprint image acquisition method, fingerprint image imaging device, and personal identification device - Google Patents

Fingerprint image imaging method, fingerprint image acquisition method, fingerprint image imaging device, and personal identification device Download PDF

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JP4281272B2
JP4281272B2 JP2001279529A JP2001279529A JP4281272B2 JP 4281272 B2 JP4281272 B2 JP 4281272B2 JP 2001279529 A JP2001279529 A JP 2001279529A JP 2001279529 A JP2001279529 A JP 2001279529A JP 4281272 B2 JP4281272 B2 JP 4281272B2
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正博 鹿井
一 仲嶋
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は指紋画像撮像方法、指紋画像取得方法、指紋画像撮像装置および個人識別装置に関するものであり、特に指紋の皮膚表面の湿り気の状態に拘わらずに安定した指紋画像を得ることができ、個人認識の性能を向上することができる指紋画像撮像方法、指紋画像取得方法、指紋画像撮像装置および個人識別装置に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来の指紋情報を用いた個人識別装置では、指を平面の上に接触するように置き、皮膚とその平面との接触の有無を光学的あるいは電気的に読み取り、指紋の凹凸パターンを画像化する方法が用いられている。
【０００３】
図５は従来の個人識別装置の構成を示す図であり、例えば特開平９−１３４４１９号公報に示されている。図５において、１００は被検体である人の指先、１０１はプリズム、１０２は対接面、１０３は照明用光源、１０４は撮像装置、１０５は指紋の凸部、１０６は指紋の凹部である。
図５に示される従来の個人識別装置について説明する。指先１００の指紋側をプリズム１０１の対接面１０２上に置き、指先１００の爪側から照明用光源１０４により光を照射する。指を透過した光は、指紋の凸部１０５及び指紋の凹部１０６より散乱光として放射される。指紋の凸部１０５では対接面１０２と指先１００の間に空気層がないため、指紋の凸部１０５からの散乱光は対接面１０２より下側のすべての領域に達する。これに対し、指紋の凹部１０６では対接面１０２と指１００の間に空気層があるため、指紋の凹部１０６からの散乱光は対接面１０２の法線からある角度以下の領域（図５において領域１０７）にしか達することができない。
したがって、対接面１０２より下側の領域でかつ領域１０７より上側の領域に撮像装置１０４を設置して対接面１０２撮像すると、指１００を透過した光のうち指紋の凸部１０５から出射した散乱光のみが撮像装置１０４に到達するので、指紋の凸部１０５が指紋の凹部１０６より明るくなり、指紋の凹凸パターンに応じた指紋画像を得ることができる。
【０００４】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、従来の個人識別装置は、対接面１０２と指先１００の間の空気層の有無によるプリズム１０１内への出射角の違いを利用するものであり、指紋の表面の状態、例えば、汗、油，水による皮膚表面の濡れ具合によって、指紋の皮膚とプリズム１０１の対接面１０２との密着度が大きく変化し、対接面１０２と指１００の間の空気層の状態は変化する。その結果、皮膚表面の湿り気の状態によって得られる指紋画像の画質が変化してしまい、個人識別性能の劣化を招くという問題があった。例えば、皮膚が乾燥していると、指紋の凸部１０５の皮膚が十分に対接面１０２に接触しないため，指紋画像において指紋の凹部１０６との区別がなくなってしまうという問題があった。
【０００５】
この発明は、このような問題を解決するためになされたものであり、特に指紋の表面状態の影響を受けずに安定した指紋画像を得ることができ、個人認識の性能を向上することができる指紋画像撮像方法、指紋画像取得方法、指紋画像撮像装置および個人識別装置を得ることを目的とする。
【０００６】
【課題を解決するための手段】
この発明に係る指紋画像撮像方法は、指紋を有する被検体を透過しうる光を被検体に照射する光源と、光源より被検体に照射されて被検体を透過した光を撮像する撮像手段とを備える指紋画像撮像装置を用いて指紋画像を得る指紋画像撮像方法において、指紋の表面が指紋画像撮像装置と非接触の状態で指紋画像を撮像することにより、指紋の凸部を透過した光強度が低く凹部を透過した光強度が高い光強度分布を有する指紋画像を得るものである。
また、被検体に照射する光の主波長が赤色光乃至近赤外光領域であることを特徴とするものである。
この発明に係る指紋画像取得方法は上記指紋画像撮像方法を用いて得られる指紋画像を原画像とし、原画像と原画像を平滑化処理して得られる平滑化画像との差分演算処理を行って得られた画像を指紋画像とすることを特徴とするものである。
【０００７】
また、この発明に係る指紋画像撮像装置は、指紋を有する被検体を指紋の表面が非接触状態で保持しうる被検体保持部と、被検体保持部に指紋の表面が非接触状態で保持される被検体に被検体を透過しうる光を照射する光源と、被検体を透過した光源からの光を撮像して指紋の凸部を透過した光強度が低く凹部を透過した光強度が高い光強度分布を有する指紋画像を得る撮像手段と、を備えるものである。
また、被検体を照射する光の主波長が赤色光乃至近赤外光領域であることを特徴とするものである。
【０００８】
また、被検体に照射する光が平行光であるものである。
【０００９】
また、被検体に照射する光の方向と撮像装置の光入射部における撮像装置の光軸とが略平行となるように配置するものである。
【００１０】
また、被検体に照射する光が直線偏光であり、撮像手段が直線偏光と同じ偏光方向の光のみを撮像するように偏光素子を備えるものである。
【００１１】
また、この発明に係る個人識別装置は、上記指紋画像撮像装置で得られる指紋画像を画像処理して指紋情報を得るとともに、この指紋情報に基づき個人を識別する信号処理部を備えるものである。
また、信号処理部においてなされる画像処理が、指紋画像撮像装置から得られる指紋画像と、この指紋画像を平滑化処理して得られる平滑化画像との差分演算処理を含むものである。
【００１２】
【発明の実施の形態】
実施の形態１．
図１はこの発明の実施の形態１の個人識別装置の構成を示す図である。図１において、１は被検体である指先であり、指紋１１を有している。指紋１１は凸部１２と凹部１３からなる凹凸パターンを有している。
２は指先１を保持する被検体保持部であり、指紋１１を非接触状態で保持できるように開口部２１が設けられる。
【００１３】
３は指先１を透過しうる光を出射する光源であり、指先１の爪側（指紋１１の反対側）に光を照射するように設けられる。光源３としては、赤色光乃至近赤外光領域の投射光あるいは赤色光乃至近赤外光領域の光を含む投射光を出射するものが用いられる。
光源３としては、例えばレーザー、発光ダイオード、ランプ光源が用いられる。赤色光乃至近赤外光領域の光としては波長が６５０ｎｍから１４００ｎｍのものが好ましい。３１は指先１を照射する光、３２は指先１の内部を通過する光、３３は指紋１１を通過した光である。
指先１を照射する光３１は、好ましくは平行光であり、平行光を得るために光源３においてレンズや曲面鏡を設けてもよい。また、外部からの光の影響を受けないように指先１および光源３を遮光体によって覆ってもよい。
【００１４】
４は指紋１１に対向して設けられ、指先１を透過し、指紋１１を通過した光源３からの光を撮像する撮像手段である。撮像手段４は、結像レンズ４１、撮像素子４２、画像出力回路４３を備えている。撮像素子４２は例えば２次元固体撮像素子（CCD、CMOSイメージセンサ）や撮像管である。撮像素子４２は指紋１１を通過した光に感度を有するもの、即ち、赤色光乃至近赤外光領域の光に感度を有するものが用いられる。撮像手段４は指先１からの光以外を受光しないよう遮光される。
撮像手段４は、その光入射部における撮像装置４の光軸が指先１を照射する光３１の方向と略平行となるように配置される。
５は撮像手段４の画像出力回路４３から出力される指紋画像を画像処理して指紋情報を得るとともに、この指紋情報に基づき個人を識別する信号処理部である。
【００１５】
次に動作について説明する。
まず、指先１の指紋１１の表面が非接触状態となるように、指紋１１を被検体保持部２の開口部２１に対応させて指先１を被検体保持部２に保持する。光源３から出射される光を指先１の爪側に、指紋１１の表面に対して略垂直な方向に照射する。指先１に照射された光は指先１の内部を伝播し指紋１１側に達する。ここで、指先１を透過する光の透過率は指紋１１の凸部１２に比べて凹部１３おいて高いので、指先１の指紋１１を通過した光３３の強度は指紋１１の凸部１２に比べて凹部１３において高くなり、指紋１１の凹凸パターンに応じた光強度分布となる。そして、指紋１１の表面における指先１を透過した光の光強度分布を撮像手段４の結像レンズ４１によって撮像素子４２に結像する。このようにして、指紋１１の凸部１２に比べて凹部１３において明るい指紋画像が得られる。このとき、撮像装置４の光入射部における光軸が指先１を照射する光３１の方向と略平行となるように配置することにより、指紋１１の凹凸パターンに対応する指紋画像を高いコントラストで撮像することができる。
撮像素子４２において得られる光強度分布に応じた電気信号は画像出力回路４３に出力される。画像出力回路４３では撮像素子４２からの電気信号を入力し、指紋画像を画像電気信号として出力する。
【００１６】
このようにして撮像手段４において得られた指紋画像は信号処理部５に出力される。信号処理部５においては、まず指紋画像を画像処理によって指紋の特徴情報（指紋情報）を抽出する。ここで、生体の血液において近赤外光は透過率が低いので撮像手段４から出力される指紋画像には指先１内部の血管のパターンが指紋１１の凹凸パターンと重畳されている。そこで、撮像手段４から出力される指紋画像を原画像とし、原画像に対して平滑化処理を行なって平滑化画像を得る。指紋１１の凹凸パターンは血管パターンに比べて線幅が細いので、平滑化画像では指紋１１の凹凸パターンが除去され血管パターンが残る。そして、原画像と平滑化画像の差分演算を行なうと指紋１１の凹凸パターンのみが残った指紋画像が得られ、この指紋画像から指紋特徴情報の抽出を行なう。次に信号処理部５は指紋特徴情報の登録および登録された指紋特徴情報との照合を行なう。これにより個人を識別することができる。
【００１７】
このように原画像と平滑化画像との差分演算を行なうことにより、指紋画像に対応する領域に照射される光の不均一性を補正することができ、かつ、血管のパターンの影響を除去した指紋画像を得ることができる。
【００１８】
上述のような実施の形態１の構成によれば、指紋１１の表面を非接触状態で指紋画像を得ることができるので、指紋１１の皮膚表面の湿り気の状態に拘わらず、安定した画質の指紋画像を得ることができ、個人認識の性能を向上することができる。
【００１９】
また、上述したように、指先１を照射する光３１を平行光とすることにより、指紋１１の凹凸パターンに対応する指紋画像をより高いコントラストで撮像することができる。
【００２０】
なお、上記説明では、撮像手段４で得られた指紋画像を信号処理部５で処理して個人を識別する個人識別装置について説明したが、個人識別をせずに単に指紋画像を得る指紋画像撮像装置としても用いることができることは言うまでもない。
【００２１】
図２はこの発明の実施の形態１の個人識別装置の他の構成を示す図である。図２に示される個人識別装置は、図１に示す個人識別装置において、撮像手段４が、さらに波長選択手段４４を備えるものである。波長選択手段４４は、赤色光乃至近赤外光を選択的に透過させるものであり、指先１と結像レンズ４１の間に設けられる。波長選択手段４４としては、例えば干渉フィルター、フィルターガラス、近赤外透過プラスチックが用いられる。
波長選択手段４４を設けることにより、外部からの光の影響を除去することができる。
また、図２は、指先１と結像レンズ４１の間に波長選択手段４４を設けるものであるが、結像レンズ４１と撮像素子４２の間に波長選択手段４４を設けてもよい。また、波長選択機能を有する結像レンズを用いてもよい。
【００２２】
実施の形態２．
図３はこの発明の実施の形態２の個人識別装置の構成を示す図である。図３において、６は直線偏光を出射する光源、６１は指先１を照射する光、６２は指先１の内部を通過する光、６３は指紋１１を通過した光である。４５は光源６の直線偏光と同じ偏光方向の光を透過する検光子である。図１で示した符号と同じものは、同じまたは相当品を示すものである。
上述した実施の形態１は、無偏光で照射および撮像を行なうものであるが、実施の形態２は、指先１に直線偏光を照射する光源６を設けるとともに、撮像手段４にこの直線偏光と同じ偏光方向の光のみを撮像するために偏光素子として検光子４５を設けるものである。この点を除けば、実施の形態２は実施の形態１と同じである。
直線偏光を出射する光源６としては、例えば、直線偏光を出力するレーザーや、偏光子と組合せた発光ダイオードまたはランプ光源が用いられる。
【００２３】
指先１の内部を通過する光６２は直進または散乱するが、直進する直進光は偏光方向が保存され、散乱する散乱光は偏光方向が保存されない。そして、直進光は指紋１１側に指紋１１の表面に対して略垂直に進むため、指紋１１の表面に対して垂直方向の透過率の分布をよく反映して指紋１１側に透過する。よって、指先１を照射する光６１が直線偏光であり、指紋１１を通過した光６３のうち検光子４５を透過する光のみを撮像することにより、上記散乱光を除去し撮像される光における直進光の割合を高めることができ、指紋画像のコントラストを高くすることができる。また、実施の形態１と同様に波長選択手段を併せて設けてもよい。
【００２４】
このような実施の形態２の構成においては、実施の形態１と同様の効果が得られるとともに、指紋画像のコントラストを高くすることができるという効果をも得られるものである。
【００２５】
実施の形態３．
図４はこの発明の実施の形態３の個人識別装置の構成を示す図である。図４において、４６は光源６の直線偏光と同じ偏光方向の光を反射する偏光ビームスプリッタである。図１乃至３で示した符号と同じものは、同じまたは相当品を示すものである。
実施の形態３が実施の形態２と異なるのは、偏光素子として、検光子４５に代えて光源６の直線偏光と同じ偏光方向の光を反射する偏光ビームスプリッタ４６を設け、偏光ビームスプリッタ４６で反射された光が結像レンズ４１を経て撮像素子４２に導かれるように構成する点である。
このように偏光素子として偏光ビームスプリッタ４６を設ける場合にも、実施の形態２と同様に指紋画像のコントラストを高くすることができる。
また、実施の形態１と同様に波長選択手段を併せて設けてもよいことは言うまでもない。
また、光源６の直線偏光と同じ偏光方向の光を透過するような偏光ビームスプリッタ設けてもよい。この場合には偏光ビームスプリッタを透過した光が結像レンズを経て撮像素子に導かれるように構成する。
【００２６】
【発明の効果】
以上のように、この発明の指紋画像撮像方法は、指紋を有する被検体を透過しうる光を被検体に照射する光源と、光源より被検体に照射されて被検体を透過した光を撮像する撮像手段とを備える指紋画像撮像装置を用いて指紋画像を得る指紋画像撮像方法において、指紋の表面が指紋画像撮像装置と非接触の状態で指紋画像を撮像することにより、指紋の凸部を透過した光強度が低く凹部を透過した光強度が高い光強度分布を有する指紋画像を得ることができるため、指紋の皮膚表面の状態の影響を受けずに安定した指紋画像を得ることができる。
また、被検体に照射する光の主波長が赤色光乃至近赤外光領域であることにより、指紋の凹凸パターンに応じた光強度分布を有する指紋画像を得ることができる。
また、この発明の指紋画像取得方法は、上記指紋画像撮像方法を用いて得られる指紋画像を原画像とし、原画像と指紋画像を平滑化処理して得られる平滑化画像との差分演算処理を行うことにより、画像全体における照明の不均一を補正し、かつ、血管パターンの影響を除去した指紋画像を得ることができ、個人認識の性能を向上することができる。
また、この発明の指紋画像撮像装置は、指紋を有する被検体を指紋の表面が非接触状態で保持しうる被検体保持部と、被検体保持部に指紋の表面が非接触状態で保持される被検体に被検体を透過しうる光を照射する光源と、被検体を透過した光源からの光を撮像して指紋の凸部を透過した光強度が低く凹部を透過した光強度が高い光強度分布を有する指紋画像を得る撮像手段と、を備えることにより、指紋の皮膚表面の状態の影響を受けずに安定した指紋画像を得ることができる。
【００２７】
また、被検体に照射する光の主波長が赤色光乃至近赤外光領域であることにより、指紋の凹凸パターンに応じた光強度分布を有する指紋画像を撮像することができる。
【００２８】
また、被検体に照射する光が平行光であることにより、指紋の凹凸パターンに応じた光強度分布を有する指紋画像をより高いコントラストで撮像することができる。
【００２９】
また、被検体に照射する光の方向と撮像装置の光入射部における撮像装置の光軸とが略平行となるように配置されることにより、指紋の凹凸パターンに応じた光強度分布を有する指紋画像をより高いコントラストで撮像することができる。
【００３０】
また、被検体に照射する光が直線偏光であり、撮像手段が直線偏光と同じ偏光方向の光のみを撮像するように偏光素子を備えることにより、被検体内部を直進した光をより多く受光し、指紋の凹凸パターンに応じた光強度分布を有する指紋画像をより高いコントラストで撮像することができる。
【００３１】
また、この発明の個人識別装置は上記指紋画像撮像装置で得られる指紋画像を画像処理して指紋情報を得るとともに、この指紋情報に基づき個人を識別する信号処理部を備えることにより、指紋の皮膚表面の状態の影響を受けずに安定した指紋画像を得ることができ、個人認識の性能を向上することができる。
また、信号処理部においてなされる画像処理が、指紋画像撮像装置から得られる指紋画像と、この指紋画像を平滑化処理して得られる平滑化画像との差分演算処理を含むことにより、画像全体における照明の不均一を補正し、かつ、血管パターンの影響を除去した指紋画像を得ることができ、個人認識の性能を向上することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】 この発明の実施の形態１の個人識別装置の構成を示す図である。
【図２】 この発明の実施の形態１の個人識別装置の他の構成を示す図である。
【図３】 この発明の実施の形態２の個人識別装置の構成を示す図である。
【図４】 この発明の実施の形態３の個人識別装置の構成を示す図である。
【図５】 従来の個人識別装置の構成を示す図である。
【符号の説明】
２ 被検体保持部、３，６ 光源、４ 撮像手段、５ 信号処理部、４５ 検光子、４６ 偏光ビームスプリッタ。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a fingerprint image imaging method, a fingerprint image acquisition method, a fingerprint image imaging device, and a personal identification device, and in particular, can obtain a stable fingerprint image regardless of the state of moisture on the skin surface of the fingerprint. The present invention relates to a fingerprint image imaging method, a fingerprint image acquisition method, a fingerprint image imaging device, and a personal identification device that can improve recognition performance.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In a conventional personal identification device using fingerprint information, a finger is placed in contact with a flat surface, and the presence / absence of contact between the skin and the flat surface is optically or electrically read to form an uneven pattern of the fingerprint. The method is used.
[0003]
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the configuration of a conventional personal identification device, which is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-134419. In FIG. 5, 100 is a fingertip of a human subject, 101 is a prism, 102 is a contact surface, 103 is a light source for illumination, 104 is an imaging device, 105 is a convex portion of a fingerprint, and 106 is a concave portion of a fingerprint.
The conventional personal identification device shown in FIG. 5 will be described. The fingerprint side of the fingertip 100 is placed on the contact surface 102 of the prism 101, and light is irradiated from the nail side of the fingertip 100 by the illumination light source 104. The light transmitted through the finger is emitted as scattered light from the convex portion 105 and the concave portion 106 of the fingerprint. Since there is no air layer between the contact surface 102 and the fingertip 100 in the fingerprint convex portion 105, the scattered light from the fingerprint convex portion 105 reaches all regions below the contact surface 102. On the other hand, since there is an air layer between the contact surface 102 and the finger 100 in the concave portion 106 of the fingerprint, the scattered light from the concave portion 106 of the fingerprint is a region below an angle from the normal line of the contact surface 102 (FIG. 5). Only the area 107) can be reached.
Therefore, when the imaging device 104 is installed in the region below the contact surface 102 and above the region 107 and the contact surface 102 is imaged, the light transmitted through the finger 100 is emitted from the convex portion 105 of the fingerprint. Since only the scattered light reaches the imaging device 104, the convex portion 105 of the fingerprint becomes brighter than the concave portion 106 of the fingerprint, and a fingerprint image corresponding to the concave / convex pattern of the fingerprint can be obtained.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the conventional personal identification device uses the difference in the emission angle into the prism 101 depending on the presence or absence of an air layer between the contact surface 102 and the fingertip 100, and the surface state of the fingerprint, for example, sweat, The degree of adhesion between the skin of the fingerprint and the contact surface 102 of the prism 101 greatly changes depending on how the skin surface is wetted by oil and water, and the state of the air layer between the contact surface 102 and the finger 100 changes. As a result, there has been a problem that the image quality of the fingerprint image obtained varies depending on the state of moisture on the skin surface, resulting in deterioration of personal identification performance. For example, when the skin is dry, the skin of the fingerprint convex portion 105 does not sufficiently come into contact with the contact surface 102, so that there is a problem that the fingerprint image cannot be distinguished from the fingerprint concave portion 106.
[0005]
The present invention has been made to solve such a problem. In particular, a stable fingerprint image can be obtained without being affected by the surface state of the fingerprint, and the performance of personal recognition can be improved. An object is to obtain a fingerprint image imaging method, a fingerprint image acquisition method, a fingerprint image imaging device, and a personal identification device.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
A fingerprint image capturing method according to the present invention includes: a light source that irradiates a subject with light that can pass through a subject having a fingerprint; and an imaging unit that captures light that is irradiated to the subject from the light source and transmitted through the subject. In a fingerprint image imaging method for obtaining a fingerprint image using a fingerprint image imaging device provided, the intensity of light transmitted through the convex portion of the fingerprint is obtained by imaging the fingerprint image in a state where the surface of the fingerprint is not in contact with the fingerprint image imaging device. A fingerprint image having a light intensity distribution with a low light intensity transmitted through the concave portion is obtained.
In addition, the main wavelength of the light irradiated to the subject is in the red light or near infrared light region.
A fingerprint image acquisition method according to the present invention uses a fingerprint image obtained by using the above-described fingerprint image imaging method as an original image, and performs a difference calculation process between the original image and a smoothed image obtained by smoothing the original image. The obtained image is used as a fingerprint image.
[0007]
The fingerprint imaging apparatus according to the present invention includes a subject holding unit that can hold a subject having a fingerprint in a non-contact state on the surface of the fingerprint, and a surface of the fingerprint held in the non-contact state on the subject holding unit. A light source that irradiates the subject with light that can pass through the subject and light from the light source that has passed through the subject, and the light intensity transmitted through the convex portion of the fingerprint is low and the light intensity transmitted through the concave portion is high Imaging means for obtaining a fingerprint image having an intensity distribution.
Also, it is characterized in that the dominant wavelength of light illuminating the subject is red light or near-infrared light region.
[0008]
Moreover, the light irradiated to the subject is parallel light.
[0009]
In addition, the direction of the light applied to the subject and the optical axis of the imaging device at the light incident portion of the imaging device are arranged so as to be substantially parallel .
[0010]
The light irradiated to the subject is linearly polarized light, in which the imaging means comprises a polarizing element so as to image only light of the same polarization direction as the linearly polarized light.
[0011]
The personal identification device according to the present invention includes a signal processing unit that obtains fingerprint information by performing image processing on a fingerprint image obtained by the fingerprint image capturing device and identifies an individual based on the fingerprint information.
The image processing performed in the signal processing unit includes a difference calculation process between a fingerprint image obtained from the fingerprint image capturing apparatus and a smoothed image obtained by smoothing the fingerprint image.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiment 1 FIG.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a personal identification device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a fingertip that is a subject, and has a fingerprint 11. The fingerprint 11 has a concavo-convex pattern composed of convex portions 12 and concave portions 13.
Reference numeral 2 denotes an object holding unit that holds the fingertip 1 and is provided with an opening 21 so that the fingerprint 11 can be held in a non-contact state.
[0013]
Reference numeral 3 denotes a light source that emits light that can pass through the fingertip 1, and is provided so as to irradiate light on the nail side (opposite side of the fingerprint 11) of the fingertip 1. As the light source 3, a light source that emits projection light including red light or near infrared light region or red light or near infrared light region is used.
As the light source 3, for example, a laser, a light emitting diode, or a lamp light source is used. The light in the red light or near infrared light region preferably has a wavelength of 650 nm to 1400 nm. Reference numeral 31 denotes light that irradiates the fingertip 1, 32 denotes light that passes through the inside of the fingertip 1, and 33 denotes light that passes through the fingerprint 11.
The light 31 irradiating the fingertip 1 is preferably parallel light, and a lens or a curved mirror may be provided in the light source 3 to obtain parallel light. Further, the fingertip 1 and the light source 3 may be covered with a light shield so as not to be affected by light from the outside.
[0014]
Reference numeral 4 denotes an imaging unit that is provided to face the fingerprint 11 and that images light from the light source 3 that has passed through the fingertip 1 and passed through the fingerprint 11. The imaging unit 4 includes an imaging lens 41, an imaging element 42, and an image output circuit 43. The image sensor 42 is, for example, a two-dimensional solid-state image sensor (CCD, CMOS image sensor) or an image pickup tube. The image sensor 42 is sensitive to light that has passed through the fingerprint 11, that is, sensitive to light in the red light or near infrared light region. The imaging means 4 is shielded so as to receive only light from the fingertip 1.
The imaging means 4 is arranged so that the optical axis of the imaging device 4 in the light incident portion is substantially parallel to the direction of the light 31 that irradiates the fingertip 1.
A signal processing unit 5 obtains fingerprint information by performing image processing on the fingerprint image output from the image output circuit 43 of the imaging unit 4 and identifies an individual based on the fingerprint information.
[0015]
Next, the operation will be described.
First, the fingertip 1 is held on the subject holding portion 2 so that the fingerprint 11 corresponds to the opening 21 of the subject holding portion 2 so that the surface of the fingerprint 11 of the fingertip 1 is in a non-contact state. Light emitted from the light source 3 is applied to the nail side of the fingertip 1 in a direction substantially perpendicular to the surface of the fingerprint 11. The light applied to the fingertip 1 propagates through the fingertip 1 and reaches the fingerprint 11 side. Here, since the transmittance of the light transmitted through the fingertip 1 is higher in the concave portion 13 than the convex portion 12 of the fingerprint 11, the intensity of the light 33 that has passed through the fingerprint 11 of the fingertip 1 is higher than that of the convex portion 12 of the fingerprint 11. The height of the concave portion 13 increases, and the light intensity distribution according to the concave-convex pattern of the fingerprint 11 is obtained. Then, the light intensity distribution of the light transmitted through the fingertip 1 on the surface of the fingerprint 11 is imaged on the imaging element 42 by the imaging lens 41 of the imaging means 4. In this way, a brighter fingerprint image is obtained in the concave portion 13 than the convex portion 12 of the fingerprint 11. At this time, by arranging the optical axis in the light incident portion of the imaging device 4 so as to be substantially parallel to the direction of the light 31 irradiating the fingertip 1, a fingerprint image corresponding to the uneven pattern of the fingerprint 11 is captured with high contrast. can do.
An electrical signal corresponding to the light intensity distribution obtained in the image sensor 42 is output to the image output circuit 43. The image output circuit 43 inputs an electrical signal from the image sensor 42 and outputs a fingerprint image as an image electrical signal.
[0016]
The fingerprint image obtained by the imaging unit 4 in this way is output to the signal processing unit 5. The signal processor 5 first extracts fingerprint feature information (fingerprint information) from the fingerprint image by image processing. Here, since the near-infrared light has low transmittance in the blood of the living body, the blood vessel pattern inside the fingertip 1 is superimposed on the uneven pattern of the fingerprint 11 in the fingerprint image output from the imaging unit 4. Therefore, the fingerprint image output from the imaging unit 4 is used as an original image, and a smoothing process is performed on the original image to obtain a smoothed image. Since the uneven pattern of the fingerprint 11 has a narrower line width than the blood vessel pattern, the uneven pattern of the fingerprint 11 is removed and the blood vessel pattern remains in the smoothed image. When the difference calculation between the original image and the smoothed image is performed, a fingerprint image in which only the uneven pattern of the fingerprint 11 remains is obtained, and fingerprint feature information is extracted from the fingerprint image. Next, the signal processing unit 5 registers the fingerprint feature information and collates it with the registered fingerprint feature information. Thereby, an individual can be identified.
[0017]
By performing the difference calculation between the original image and the smoothed image in this way, it is possible to correct the non-uniformity of the light applied to the area corresponding to the fingerprint image, and to remove the influence of the blood vessel pattern. A fingerprint image can be obtained.
[0018]
According to the configuration of the first embodiment as described above, a fingerprint image can be obtained with the surface of the fingerprint 11 in a non-contact state, so that a fingerprint with stable image quality can be obtained regardless of the moisture state of the skin surface of the fingerprint 11. An image can be obtained and the performance of personal recognition can be improved.
[0019]
Further, as described above, by making the light 31 irradiating the fingertip 1 parallel light, a fingerprint image corresponding to the concave / convex pattern of the fingerprint 11 can be taken with higher contrast.
[0020]
In the above description, the personal identification device for identifying the individual by processing the fingerprint image obtained by the imaging unit 4 by the signal processing unit 5 has been described. However, the fingerprint image capturing for simply obtaining the fingerprint image without performing personal identification. Needless to say, it can also be used as a device.
[0021]
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing another configuration of the personal identification device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. The personal identification device shown in FIG. 2 is the same as the personal identification device shown in FIG. 1, but the imaging means 4 further includes a wavelength selection means 44. The wavelength selection unit 44 selectively transmits red light or near infrared light, and is provided between the fingertip 1 and the imaging lens 41. As the wavelength selection means 44, for example, an interference filter, filter glass, or near infrared transmission plastic is used.
By providing the wavelength selection means 44, the influence of light from the outside can be removed.
In FIG. 2, the wavelength selection unit 44 is provided between the fingertip 1 and the imaging lens 41, but the wavelength selection unit 44 may be provided between the imaging lens 41 and the imaging element 42. Further, an imaging lens having a wavelength selection function may be used.
[0022]
Embodiment 2. FIG.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the configuration of the personal identification device according to the second embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 3, 6 is a light source that emits linearly polarized light, 61 is light that irradiates the fingertip 1, 62 is light that passes through the inside of the fingertip 1, and 63 is light that has passed through the fingerprint 11. An analyzer 45 transmits light having the same polarization direction as the linearly polarized light of the light source 6. The same reference numerals as those shown in FIG. 1 denote the same or equivalent products.
In the first embodiment described above, irradiation and imaging are performed with no polarization, but in the second embodiment, the light source 6 that irradiates the fingertip 1 with linearly polarized light is provided, and the imaging means 4 is the same as this linearly polarized light. An analyzer 45 is provided as a polarizing element in order to image only light in the polarization direction. Except for this point, the second embodiment is the same as the first embodiment.
As the light source 6 that emits linearly polarized light, for example, a laser that outputs linearly polarized light, a light emitting diode combined with a polarizer, or a lamp light source is used.
[0023]
The light 62 passing through the inside of the fingertip 1 travels straight or scatters, but the straight traveling light that travels straight preserves the polarization direction, and the scattered light that scatters does not preserve the polarization direction. Since the straight light travels substantially perpendicular to the surface of the fingerprint 11 on the fingerprint 11 side, it passes through the fingerprint 11 side reflecting the distribution of transmittance in the vertical direction with respect to the surface of the fingerprint 11. Therefore, the light 61 that irradiates the fingertip 1 is linearly polarized light, and only the light that passes through the analyzer 45 out of the light 63 that has passed through the fingerprint 11 is imaged to remove the scattered light and go straight in the imaged light. The ratio of light can be increased and the contrast of the fingerprint image can be increased. Further, similarly to the first embodiment, wavelength selection means may be provided together.
[0024]
In the configuration of the second embodiment, the same effect as that of the first embodiment can be obtained, and the effect that the contrast of the fingerprint image can be increased can be obtained.
[0025]
Embodiment 3 FIG.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the configuration of the personal identification apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. In FIG. 4, reference numeral 46 denotes a polarization beam splitter that reflects light having the same polarization direction as the linearly polarized light of the light source 6. The same reference numerals as those shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 denote the same or equivalent parts.
The third embodiment differs from the second embodiment in that a polarizing beam splitter 46 that reflects light having the same polarization direction as the linearly polarized light of the light source 6 is provided as a polarizing element in place of the analyzer 45. In this configuration, the reflected light is guided to the image sensor 42 through the imaging lens 41.
As described above, when the polarizing beam splitter 46 is provided as the polarizing element, the contrast of the fingerprint image can be increased as in the second embodiment.
Needless to say, wavelength selection means may also be provided as in the first embodiment.
Further, a polarization beam splitter that transmits light having the same polarization direction as the linearly polarized light of the light source 6 may be provided. In this case, the light transmitted through the polarization beam splitter is configured to be guided to the image sensor through the imaging lens.
[0026]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the fingerprint image imaging method of the present invention images a light source that irradiates the subject with light that can pass through the subject having the fingerprint, and the light that is emitted from the light source to the subject and passes through the subject. In a fingerprint image imaging method for obtaining a fingerprint image using a fingerprint image imaging device comprising an imaging means, the fingerprint image is captured in a state where the surface of the fingerprint is not in contact with the fingerprint image imaging device, thereby transmitting the convex portion of the fingerprint. Since a fingerprint image having a light intensity distribution with a low light intensity and a high light intensity transmitted through the recess can be obtained, a stable fingerprint image can be obtained without being affected by the state of the skin surface of the fingerprint.
Also, by the main wavelength of the light irradiated to the object is red light or near-infrared light region can be obtained fingerprint image having a light intensity distribution corresponding to the uneven pattern of the fingerprint.
The fingerprint image acquisition method of the present invention uses the fingerprint image obtained by using the fingerprint image imaging method as an original image, and performs a difference calculation process between the original image and a smoothed image obtained by smoothing the fingerprint image. By doing so, it is possible to correct the illumination non-uniformity in the entire image and obtain a fingerprint image from which the influence of the blood vessel pattern is removed, thereby improving the performance of personal recognition.
The fingerprint image capturing apparatus of the present invention also includes a subject holding unit that can hold a subject having a fingerprint in a non-contact state on the surface of the fingerprint, and a surface of the fingerprint held in the non-contact state on the subject holding unit. A light source that irradiates the subject with light that can pass through the subject, and a light intensity that is low in the intensity of light that has passed through the convex portion of the fingerprint after imaging the light from the light source that has passed through the subject and high in intensity through the concave portion By providing an imaging means for obtaining a fingerprint image having a distribution, a stable fingerprint image can be obtained without being affected by the state of the skin surface of the fingerprint.
[0027]
Further, by the main wavelength of the light irradiated to the object is red light or near-infrared light region can capture the fingerprint image having a light intensity distribution corresponding to the uneven pattern of the fingerprint.
[0028]
In addition, since the light irradiated to the subject is parallel light, a fingerprint image having a light intensity distribution corresponding to the concave / convex pattern of the fingerprint can be captured with higher contrast.
[0029]
In addition, the fingerprint having a light intensity distribution corresponding to the concave / convex pattern of the fingerprint by being arranged so that the direction of light irradiating the subject and the optical axis of the imaging device at the light incident portion of the imaging device are substantially parallel Images can be taken with higher contrast.
[0030]
Further, a light linearly polarized light irradiated to the subject, by the image pickup means comprises a polarizing element so as to image only light of the same polarization direction as the linearly polarized light, and more receives the light straight inside the object A fingerprint image having a light intensity distribution according to the concave / convex pattern of the fingerprint can be taken with higher contrast.
[0031]
In addition, the personal identification device of the present invention obtains fingerprint information by performing image processing on the fingerprint image obtained by the fingerprint image capturing device, and includes a signal processing unit for identifying an individual based on the fingerprint information, whereby the skin of the fingerprint is obtained. A stable fingerprint image can be obtained without being affected by the surface condition, and the performance of personal recognition can be improved.
In addition, the image processing performed in the signal processing unit includes a difference calculation process between the fingerprint image obtained from the fingerprint image capturing apparatus and the smoothed image obtained by smoothing the fingerprint image, so that the entire image is processed. It is possible to obtain a fingerprint image that corrects the uneven illumination and removes the influence of the blood vessel pattern, thereby improving the performance of personal recognition.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a personal identification device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing another configuration of the personal identification device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration of a personal identification device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a configuration of a personal identification device according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a configuration of a conventional personal identification device.
[Explanation of symbols]
2 subject holding unit, 3, 6 light source, 4 imaging means, 5 signal processing unit, 45 analyzer, 46 polarization beam splitter.

Claims (10)

指紋を有する被検体を透過しうる光を上記被検体に照射する光源と、上記光源より上記被検体に照射されて上記被検体を透過した光を撮像する撮像手段とを備える指紋画像撮像装置を用いて指紋画像を得る指紋画像撮像方法において、
上記指紋の表面が上記指紋画像撮像装置と非接触の状態で指紋画像を撮像することにより、上記指紋の凸部を透過した光強度が低く凹部を透過した光強度が高い光強度分布を有する指紋画像を得ることを特徴とする指紋画像撮像方法。A fingerprint image imaging apparatus comprising: a light source that irradiates the subject with light that can pass through a subject having a fingerprint; and an imaging unit that images the light that has been radiated to the subject from the light source and transmitted through the subject. In a fingerprint image imaging method for obtaining a fingerprint image using:
A fingerprint having a light intensity distribution in which the intensity of light transmitted through the convex portion of the fingerprint is low and the light intensity transmitted through the concave portion is high by capturing a fingerprint image in a state where the surface of the fingerprint is not in contact with the fingerprint image capturing device A fingerprint image capturing method characterized by obtaining an image. 被検体に照射する光の主波長が赤色光乃至近赤外光領域であることを特徴とする請求項１記載の指紋画像撮像方法。  The fingerprint image capturing method according to claim 1, wherein a main wavelength of light irradiated on the subject is in a red light or near infrared light region. 請求項１記載の指紋画像撮像方法を用いて得られる指紋画像を原画像とし、上記原画像と上記原画像を平滑化処理して得られる平滑化画像との差分演算処理を行って得られた画像を指紋画像とすることを特徴とする指紋画像取得方法。A fingerprint image obtained by using the fingerprint image capturing method according to claim 1 as an original image, and obtained by performing a difference calculation process between the original image and a smoothed image obtained by smoothing the original image. A fingerprint image acquisition method, wherein the image is a fingerprint image. 指紋を有する被検体を指紋の表面が非接触状態で保持しうる被検体保持部と、
上記被検体保持部に上記指紋の表面が非接触状態で保持される上記被検体に上記被検体を透過しうる光を照射する光源と、
上記被検体を透過した上記光源からの光を撮像して、上記指紋の凸部を透過した光強度が低く凹部を透過した光強度が高い光強度分布を有する指紋画像を得る撮像手段と、
を備えることを特徴とする指紋画像撮像装置。An object holding unit capable of holding an object having a fingerprint in a non-contact state on the surface of the fingerprint;
A light source that irradiates the subject with light that can pass through the subject, wherein the surface of the fingerprint is held in a non-contact state on the subject holding unit;
Imaging means for imaging light from the light source that has passed through the subject and obtaining a fingerprint image having a light intensity distribution in which the light intensity transmitted through the convex portion of the fingerprint is low and the light intensity transmitted through the concave portion is high;
A fingerprint image imaging apparatus comprising: 被検体に照射する光の主波長が赤色光乃至近赤外光領域であることを特徴とする請求項４記載の指紋画像撮像装置。  The fingerprint image capturing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein a main wavelength of light irradiated on the subject is in a red light or near infrared light region. 被検体に照射する光が平行光であることを特徴とする請求項４記載の指紋画像撮像装置。  5. The fingerprint image capturing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the light applied to the subject is parallel light. 被検体に照射する光の方向と撮像装置の光入射部における撮像装置の光軸とが略平行となるように配置されることを特徴とする請求項４記載の指紋画像撮像装置。  5. The fingerprint image imaging apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the direction of light irradiating the subject and the optical axis of the imaging apparatus at the light incident portion of the imaging apparatus are arranged substantially parallel to each other. 被検体に照射する光が直線偏光であり、撮像手段が上記直線偏光と同じ偏光方向の光のみを撮像するように偏光素子を備えることを特徴とする請求項４記載の指紋画像撮像装置。  5. The fingerprint image imaging apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the light irradiated to the subject is linearly polarized light, and the imaging means includes a polarizing element so as to image only light having the same polarization direction as the linearly polarized light. 請求項４記載の指紋画像撮像装置で得られる指紋画像を画像処理して指紋情報を得るとともに、この指紋情報に基づき個人を識別する信号処理部を備えることを特徴とする個人識別装置。  5. A personal identification device comprising a signal processing unit for obtaining fingerprint information by performing image processing on a fingerprint image obtained by the fingerprint image pickup device according to claim 4, and for identifying an individual based on the fingerprint information. 信号処理部においてなされる画像処理が、指紋画像撮像装置から得られる指紋画像と、この指紋画像を平滑化処理して得られる平滑化画像との差分演算処理を含むことを特徴とする請求項９記載の個人識別装置。  The image processing performed in the signal processing unit includes a difference calculation process between a fingerprint image obtained from the fingerprint image capturing apparatus and a smoothed image obtained by smoothing the fingerprint image. The personal identification device described.
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