JP4278795B2 - Wheel sliding prevention method and apparatus - Google Patents

Wheel sliding prevention method and apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4278795B2
JP4278795B2 JP25992699A JP25992699A JP4278795B2 JP 4278795 B2 JP4278795 B2 JP 4278795B2 JP 25992699 A JP25992699 A JP 25992699A JP 25992699 A JP25992699 A JP 25992699A JP 4278795 B2 JP4278795 B2 JP 4278795B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
wheel
noise
rail
frequency band
filter
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Expired - Fee Related
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JP25992699A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2001080481A (en
Inventor
晴人 小泉
正男 留岡
正人 是澤
伸幸 生方
拓自 中居
益久 谷本
康思 陸
康孝 大木
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Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd
Tokyo Metro Co Ltd
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Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd
Tokyo Metro Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72Electric energy management in electromobility

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、鉄道車両において、車輪が固着したり滑走する直前に、レール上を転動する車輪により発生する車輪や車軸の固有の騒音を測定することにより、車輪が滑走する兆候を検知し、滑走を防止する車輪滑走防止方法及びこの防止方法を実施する装置に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
車両減速時に作用するブレーキ力により、車輪とレール間には摩擦力すなわち粘着力が発生するが、車輪とレールとの境界条件又はブレーキ力の変化により、この粘着力が飽和する場合がある。また、車輪の固着や滑走により車輪踏面上にフラット傷が発生した場合、新たな振動や騒音の原因になる。
【0003】
これに対して、従来の滑走防止方法は、例えば特開昭61−199401号に記載されているように、輪軸に回転数検知センサーを取り付け、車輪の回転数の変化を検知するものである。そして、車輪滑走時には、その回転数が基準値を下回った時点でブレーキ力を緩めることによって、車輪とレール間に作用する粘着力を回復させ、車輪が滑走に至るのを防止するものである。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、このような従来の滑走防止方法は、車輪とレール間に作用する進行方向に対する抵抗力(接線力)と垂直方向荷重(輪重)との比である粘着係数が、ある一定値で飽和することにより引き起こされる車輪滑走を、粘着力飽和後に発生する車輪回転数又はその変化率によって検知するものであるために、滑走が発生した直後にのみ制御することが可能であり、滑走が発生する直前に制御することは不可能であった。
【0005】
また、従来の滑走防止方法は、車輪の回転数を制御の基準としているので、レールと車輪間の状態によって大きく影響を受けるという問題もある。
さらに、車輪の滑走は車輪とレール間の滑り率((車両速度−車輪速度)/車両速度)が0.2%程度から発生するので、車輪の滑走を回転数の変化量から検知し、制御するためには高精度な回転数検知センサーを必要とする。
【0006】
本発明は、上記した従来の滑走防止方法にあった問題点に鑑みてなされたものであり、車輪の回転数を使用することのない車輪滑走防止方法及びこの方法を実施する装置を提供することを目的としている。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記した目的を達成するために、本発明では、鉄道車両の減速時、車輪とレール間において発生する騒音を検知器によって検知し、この検知器により検知した騒音のうち輪軸の固有騒音により決まる特定周波数帯域のものをフィルターで抽出し、このフィルターにより特定周波数帯域の騒音が抽出された時、フィルターからの信号に基づいて判定回路は制御装置にON信号を出力し、ブレーキ圧力を低下させることとしている。
【0008】
そして、このようにすることで、滑走直前の状態を捉えることができ、より早期に滑走及びそれに伴って発生する粘着力低下、さらには車輪踏面上に発生するフラット傷を未然に防止することが可能になる。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明者らは、種々の研究、実験を重ねることにより、車輪とレール間に作用する接線力、すなわち粘着力が飽和して車輪とレール間の粘着力が低下する滑走直前には、通常の走行状態ではグリップしている車輪とレールの境界面に、スティックスリップ現象(固着状態と滑り状態を短時間に繰り返す状態)が起こり、この際に励起される特定周波数帯域の輪軸の騒音を検知することにより、滑走直前状態を捉えることができることを見出した。
【0010】
は車輪滑走時における車軸速度(車軸回転数)と、車軸捩り応力、車輪近傍の騒音の関係を、実際の車両によって得たデータを示したものであるが、図の下段に示したように、ブレーキ作用によって車軸回転数が減少し固着に至った場合、図の上段に示したように、車軸回転数が減少する直前から車軸の捩り応力が大きく発散していることが判る。そしてこの時の発散振動数は、車軸の固有振動数である約90Hzに一致していた。
【0011】
また、図の中段に示したように、車輪近傍の騒音も、車軸回転数の減少に先立って増大しており、車輪が固着する直前に車輪の固有振動騒音、約5000Hzの騒音が観測されている。
【0012】
本発明は上記した知見により成されたものであり、本発明の車輪滑走防止方法は、鉄道車両の減速時、車輪とレール間において発生する騒音を検知し、この検知した騒音が輪軸の固有騒音により決まる特定周波数帯域のものであれば、ブレーキ圧力を低下させるものである。
【0013】
本発明の車輪滑走防止方法において検知する、鉄道車両におけるブレーキ時に車輪とレール間において発生する騒音の変化は、図の下段に示した車軸速度の変化地点Aよりも早く、図の中段に示した車輪騒音の固有騒音発生開始地点Bにおいて発生するので、より早く滑走の兆候を検知することができる。従って、滑走直前の状態を検知した瞬間にブレーキ圧力を低下させれば、従来の回転数検知センサーを用いた方法と比較して、より早期に滑走及びそれに伴って発生する粘着力低下、さらには車輪踏面上のフラット傷の発生を未然に防止することが可能になる。
【0014】
本発明方法において検知しようとしている騒音は、車輪とレールのすべての境界条件すなわち乾燥、湿潤(降雨)、塗油の何れの条件においても発生し、また、この騒音は輪軸の固有騒音であるため、予め設定した特定周波数帯域のみを抽出することにより、その現象を捉えることが可能である。
【0015】
上記した本発明の車輪滑走防止方法を実施する装置としては、車輪とレール間において発生する騒音を検知する検知器と、この検知器により検知した騒音のうち輪軸の固有騒音により決まる特定周波数帯域のものを抽出するフィルターと、このフィルターにより特定周波数帯域の騒音が抽出された時、フィルターからの信号に基づいてON信号を出力する判定回路と、この判定回路からのON信号に基づいてブレーキ圧力を低下させる制御装置を備えていることが必要である。これが本発明の車輪滑走防止装置である。
【0016】
本発明の車輪滑走防止装置において、車輪とレール間において発生する騒音を検知する検知器としては例えば騒音マイクを採用する。
【0017】
また、本発明の車輪滑走防止装置において、検知器により検知した騒音のうち特定周波数帯域のものを抽出するフィルターとしては、輪軸の固有騒音の周波数帯域が既知であることから、これらの周波数帯域に適合したバンドパスフィルターを採用することにより、ノイズの影響を排除することができる。
【0018】
【実施例】
以下、本発明の車輪滑走防止装置を図1示す実施例に基づいて説明し、この本発明の車輪滑走防止装置を用いた本発明の車輪滑走防止方法に及ぶ。
図1は本発明の車輪滑走防止装置の第1実施例を示す概略構成図である。
【0019】
1において、1は輪軸、2は輪軸1にブレーキ力を作用させるブレーキ装置、3はこのブレーキ装置2のブレーキ力を制御する制御装置であり、この制御装置3は例えば前後の台車ごとに設置されている。
【0022】
1に示す5は輪軸1の近傍に取付けた騒音マイクであり、車輪とレール間において発生する騒音を検知する。車輪とレール間において発生する騒音は、車輪の形状や走行条件によって異なるが、本発明者らの実験では、通常の走行条件では、800〜1500Hzの周波数帯域の騒音が車輪とレール間において発生している。
【0023】
これに対して、滑走直前では車輪の形状によっても異なるものの、4500〜5000Hzの周波数帯域の騒音が車輪とレール間において発生している。この周波数は車輪形状に特有の固有振動数である。
【0024】
6は前記した騒音マイク5によって検知した車輪とレール間で発生する騒音のうち、前記した固有の周波数帯域の騒音を抽出するバンドパスフィルターであり、夫々の騒音マイク5毎に設けられている。
【0025】
7は判定回路であり、前記したバンドパスフィルター6により抽出された信号に基づいて制御装置3にON信号を出力する。そして制御装置3はこの判定回路7からのON信号に基づいてブレーキ装置2にブレーキ圧力を低下させるべく信号を出力する。
【0026】
本発明の車輪滑走防止装置は上記したような構成であり、このような車輪滑走防止装置を用いて車輪の滑走を防止するには、以下のように行う。
すなわち、鉄道車両の減速時、車輪とレール間において発生する騒音を騒音マイク5によって検知する。
【0027】
そして、騒音マイク5により検知した騒音をバンドパスフィルター6に入力する。
【0028】
バンドパスフィルター6は、これらの騒音のうち特定周波数帯域のもの、例えば4500〜5000Hzの周波数帯域の騒音を抽出する。判定回路7ではこの特定周波数帯域の騒音がバンドパスフィルター6で抽出された時、制御装置3にON信号を出力し、ブレーキ圧力を低下させて車輪とレール間に作用する粘着力を回復させ、車輪が滑走に至るのを防止するのである。
【0029】
本実施例では、各台車毎にブレーキ力を制御するものを示したが、各車軸毎にブレーキ力を制御しても良い
【0030】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明によれば、車輪が滑走する直前に車輪が滑走する兆候を検知できるので、より効果的に車輪の滑走を未然に防止することができる。従って、車両のブレーキ力を有効に利用することが可能になり、また、車輪の踏面上に発生するフラット傷及びこのフラット傷によって発生する車輪とレール系から発生する騒音が防止でき、さらに、車輪の寿命延長、レールの寿命延伸も可能になる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 本発明の車輪滑走防止装置の第1実施例を示す概略構成図である。
【図】 車輪滑走時における車軸速度(車軸回転数)と、車軸捩り応力、車輪近傍の騒音の関係を、実際の車両によって得たデータを示した図である。
【符号の説明】
1 輪軸
2 ブレーキ装置
3 制御装
騒音マイク
6 バンドパスフィルター
7 判定回路
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a railway vehicle, just before the wheels gliding or fixed, by measuring the specific Noise wheel and axle generated by the wheels rolling on rails, detect signs of wheel glides The present invention relates to a wheel sliding prevention method for preventing sliding and a device for implementing this prevention method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The braking force acting when the vehicle decelerates generates a frictional force, that is, an adhesive force between the wheel and the rail, but this adhesive force may be saturated due to a change in the boundary condition between the wheel and the rail or the braking force. In addition, when a flat flaw occurs on the wheel tread due to sticking or sliding of the wheel, it causes new vibration and noise.
[0003]
On the other hand, the conventional skid prevention method, for example, as described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-199401, attaches a rotational speed detection sensor to the wheel shaft to detect a change in the rotational speed of the wheel. When the wheel slides, the adhesive force acting between the wheel and the rail is recovered by relaxing the braking force when the rotational speed falls below the reference value, thereby preventing the wheel from sliding.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in such a conventional anti-sliding method, the adhesion coefficient, which is the ratio of the resistance force (tangential force) to the traveling direction acting between the wheel and the rail and the vertical load (wheel load), is saturated at a certain value. Because the wheel sliding caused by the detection is detected by the wheel rotation speed generated after the saturation of the adhesive force or the rate of change thereof, it is possible to control only immediately after the sliding occurs, and the sliding occurs. It was impossible to control immediately before.
[0005]
Further, since the conventional skid prevention method uses the rotation speed of the wheel as a reference for control, there is a problem that it is greatly affected by the state between the rail and the wheel.
Furthermore, since the sliding of the wheel is generated from the slip ratio between the wheel and the rail ((vehicle speed−wheel speed) / vehicle speed) of about 0.2%, the sliding of the wheel is detected from the amount of change in the rotational speed and controlled. In order to do so, a highly accurate rotation speed detection sensor is required.
[0006]
The present invention has been made in view of the problems associated with the above-described conventional skid prevention method, and provides a wheel skid prevention method that does not use the rotational speed of a wheel and an apparatus that implements this method. It is an object.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
To achieve the above object, the present invention, during deceleration of the railway vehicle, a Noise generated between wheel and rail is detected by the detector, inherent Noise wheelset of Noise has been detected by the detector the extraction with filter those more determined specific frequency band, when the noise of a specific frequency band is extracted by the filter, the decision circuit based on a signal from the filter outputs an oN signal to the control device, the brake pressure Is going to be reduced.
[0008]
And by doing in this way, it is possible to capture the state immediately before the run, and to prevent the lowering of the adhesive force occurring at the earlier stage and accompanying it, and further the flat scratches occurring on the wheel tread. It becomes possible.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
By repeating various studies and experiments, the present inventors have obtained a normal tangential force acting between the wheels and the rails, that is, just before sliding where the adhesive force is saturated and the adhesive force between the wheels and the rails decreases. the boundary surface of the wheel and rail that grips the travel state, occur stick-slip phenomenon (a state that repeats in a short time stuck and slipping state), detects the noise wheelset of a specific frequency band excited in this By doing so, it was found that it was possible to capture the state just before the run.
[0010]
Figure 2 is an axle speed (axle rotation speed) at the time the wheel skid, axle torsional stress, the wheel near the relationship of the noise, but shows the data obtained by the actual vehicle, shown in the lower part of FIG. 2 In this way, when the axle rotation speed decreases due to the braking action and the fixation occurs, as shown in the upper part of FIG. 2 , it can be seen that the torsional stress of the axle is greatly diverged immediately before the axle rotation speed decreases. The divergent frequency at this time coincided with about 90 Hz which is the natural frequency of the axle.
[0011]
In addition, as shown in the middle of FIG. 2 , the noise in the vicinity of the wheel also increased prior to the decrease in the axle speed, and the natural vibration noise of the wheel, approximately 5000 Hz noise, was observed immediately before the wheel was fixed. ing.
[0012]
The present invention has been made by the finding described above, the wheel slide prevention method of the present invention, during deceleration of the railway vehicle to detect a noisy sound generated between wheel and rail, the sensed Noise is wheelset as long as more determined specific frequency band uniquely noise it is intended to reduce the brake pressure.
[0013]
Detecting the wheel slide prevention method of the present invention, the change in Noise generated between wheel and rail during braking in the railway vehicle earlier than the change point A in axle speed as shown in the lower part of FIG. 2, the middle part of FIG. 2 since Oite occur in specific noise generation start point B of the wheel noise shown in, it is possible to detect the signs of faster glide. Therefore, if the brake pressure is reduced at the moment when the state immediately before the sliding is detected, compared to the method using the conventional rotational speed detection sensor, the sliding and lowering of the adhesive force that occurs along with it, It is possible to prevent the occurrence of flat scratches on the wheel tread.
[0014]
Noise you are trying to detect in the method of the present invention, all the boundary conditions i.e. drying of the wheels and the rail, wet (rainfall), also occurs in any of the conditions of the coating oil, also this Noise is unique wheel sets Since it is noise, it is possible to capture the phenomenon by extracting only a specific frequency band set in advance.
[0015]
The apparatus for carrying out the wheel slide prevention method of the present invention described above, a detector for detecting the Noise generated between wheel and rail, determined more specific Noise wheelset of Noise has been detected by the detector a filter for extracting of a particular frequency band, when the noise of a specific frequency band is extracted by the filter, a decision circuit for outputting an oN signal based on a signal from the filter, the oN signal from the determination circuit It is necessary to have a control device for reducing the brake pressure on the basis thereof. This is the wheel skid prevention device of the present invention.
[0016]
In the wheel slide prevention device of the present invention, the detector for detecting the noise generated between the wheel and rail to adopt a noise microphone for example.
[0017]
Also, in the wheel slide prevention device of the present invention, the filter for extracting one of the specific frequency band of the Noise has been detected by the detector, since the frequency band of the solid Yu騒 sound wheel sets are known, these By adopting a bandpass filter suitable for the frequency band, the influence of noise can be eliminated.
[0018]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the wheel skid prevention apparatus of the present invention will be described based on the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, and the wheel skid prevention method of the present invention using the wheel skid prevention apparatus of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a first embodiment of the wheel skid prevention device of the present invention.
[0019]
In Fig 1, 1 is Wajiku, 2 brake device for applying a braking force to Wajiku 1, 3 denotes a control device for controlling the braking force of the brake device 2, the control unit 3 each before and after the bogie example Is installed.
[0022]
Reference numeral 5 shown in FIG. 1 denotes a noise microphone attached in the vicinity of the wheel shaft 1 and detects noise generated between the wheel and the rail. Although the noise generated between the wheel and the rail varies depending on the shape of the wheel and the traveling condition, in our experiment, noise in the frequency band of 800 to 1500 Hz is generated between the wheel and the rail under normal traveling conditions. ing.
[0023]
In contrast to this, noise in the frequency band of 4500 to 5000 Hz is generated between the wheel and the rail, although it varies depending on the shape of the wheel immediately before the run. This frequency is a natural frequency specific to the wheel shape.
[0024]
6 among the noise generated between the wheel and rail that has detected by Noise microphone 5 described above, a band-pass filter for extracting a Noise unique frequency band above, provided for each Noise Microphone 5 each It has been.
[0025]
A determination circuit 7 outputs an ON signal to the control device 3 based on the signal extracted by the bandpass filter 6 described above. The control device 3 outputs a signal to the brake device 2 to reduce the brake pressure based on the ON signal from the determination circuit 7.
[0026]
The wheel skid prevention device of the present invention is configured as described above, and in order to prevent wheel skidding using such a wheel skid prevention device, the following is performed.
That is, during deceleration of the railway vehicle, the noise generated between the vehicle wheel and the rail is detected by noise microphone 5.
[0027]
Then, enter the noise that was detected by the Noise microphone 5 to the band-pass filter 6.
[0028]
Band-pass filter 6 is of a specific frequency band among these Noise, extracts a noise frequency band For example 4 500~5000Hz. When the determination circuit 7 Noise of this specific frequency band is extracted by the band-pass filter 6, and outputs an ON signal to the control unit 3, by reducing the brake pressure to restore the adhesive force acting between the wheel and the rail It prevents the wheels from sliding.
[0029]
In the present embodiment, the brake force is controlled for each truck, but the brake force may be controlled for each axle .
[0030]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, since the sign that the wheel slides immediately before the wheel slides can be detected, it is possible to more effectively prevent the wheel from sliding. Accordingly, it is possible to effectively use the braking force of the vehicle, and it is possible to prevent flat scratches generated on the treads of the wheels and noises generated from the wheels and the rail system due to the flat scratches. The service life can be extended and the service life of the rail can be extended.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a first embodiment of a wheel skid prevention device of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing data obtained by an actual vehicle on the relationship between axle speed (axle rotation speed), axle torsional stress, and noise in the vicinity of the wheel during wheel sliding.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 wheel shaft 2 brake device 3 controls equipment
5 Noise microphone 6 Band pass filter 7 Judgment circuit

Claims (2)

鉄道車両の減速時、車輪とレール間において発生する騒音を検知し、
この検知した騒音が、輪軸の固有騒音により決まる特定周波数帯域のものであれば、ブレーキ圧力を低下させることを特徴とする車輪滑走防止方法。
During deceleration of the railway vehicle to detect a noisy sound generated between wheel and rail,
The sensed Noise is as long as more determined specific frequency band inherent Noise wheelset, wheel slide prevention method characterized by reducing the brake pressure.
車輪とレール間において発生する騒音を検知する検知器と、
この検知器により検知した騒音のうち輪軸の固有騒音により決まる特定周波数帯域のものを抽出するフィルターと、
このフィルターにより特定周波数帯域の騒音が抽出された時、フィルターからの信号に基づいてON信号を出力する判定回路と、
この判定回路からのON信号に基づいてブレーキ圧力を低下させる制御装置を備えたことを特徴とする車輪滑走防止装置。
A detector for detecting the Noise generated between wheel and rail,
A filter for extracting those more determined specific frequency band inherent Noise wheelset of Noise has been detected by the detector,
When Noise specific frequency band is extracted by the filter, a decision circuit for outputting an ON signal based on a signal from the filter,
A wheel skid prevention device comprising a control device for reducing brake pressure based on an ON signal from the determination circuit.
JP25992699A 1999-09-14 1999-09-14 Wheel sliding prevention method and apparatus Expired - Fee Related JP4278795B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP25992699A JP4278795B2 (en) 1999-09-14 1999-09-14 Wheel sliding prevention method and apparatus

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP25992699A JP4278795B2 (en) 1999-09-14 1999-09-14 Wheel sliding prevention method and apparatus

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JP4278795B2 true JP4278795B2 (en) 2009-06-17

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Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7826946B2 (en) * 2002-09-05 2010-11-02 Bombardier Transportation Gmbh Method and device for monitoring the state of vehicle chassis
US20050121971A1 (en) * 2003-12-05 2005-06-09 Ring Michael E. Serial train communication system
WO2006021050A1 (en) * 2004-08-26 2006-03-02 Queensland Rail Analysis of wheel-rail noise
WO2015100425A1 (en) * 2013-12-24 2015-07-02 Amsted Rail Company, Inc. System and method for detecting operational anomalies in train consists and railcars
GB2568036B (en) 2017-10-27 2021-02-03 Perpetuum Ltd Monitoring an axle of a railway vehicle

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