JP4273238B1 - How to build a dome - Google Patents

Abstract

  【Task】 A method of sequentially building a dome on the ground or floor, its joining device, and a lifting machine.
  A skeleton (7) of a predetermined dome is roughly extended by a line connecting a dome skeleton (7) top pentagon (3) or hexagon center (4) and an outer shaft shaft intersection in a plan view. Separate one end of the shaft (1) on the line (5) from the intersection,The joining base material (6), which is the intersection of the shaft members (1), is made into a polygonal, circular disk or star shape so as to be flattened and tightened to the side surface of the joining base material (6). A plurality of hinged bolts (15) fitted with attached nuts (14) are screwed together, and a hinged plate (16) is attached to or integrated with the tip of the shaft member (1). The shaft (1) is temporarily joined with bolts (17) on the ground, floor, etc.The top pentagon (3) or hexagon was hung or pushed up, and sequentially separated from the intersection from the top to the bottom of the dome skeleton (7)Shaft material (1) and bonding substrate (6)The dome skeleton (7) is constructed by joining.
  [Selection] Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a method for constructing a dome.

  There was a method of constructing a dome using a shaft material (frame material) and a joining base material (joint). (See Patent Document 1)

The joining apparatus which joins a shaft material mutually via a joining base material was proposed. (See Patent Documents 2 and 3)
Japanese Patent No. 316855 Japanese Patent No. 3867128 Japanese Patent No. 3944552

  In Patent Document 1, the triangular frame is assembled with the joint and the frame material in contact with the ground, and further, the triangular frame is assembled around it, this is repeated, and then this is rotated, and then the triangular frame is assembled. It is a construction method. If it is a spherical dome, it can be rotated and assembled into a triangular frame and fixed on the basis of the assembled polyhedral skeleton. However, in the case of a hemispherical dome, to reverse the assembled dome and fix it on the foundation, apart from the small dome, to reverse the dome and fix it on the foundation, A lifting machine is required. Moreover, another force is required to lift the hemispherical dome with a crane or the like and then rotate it approximately 90 degrees.

  In Patent Document 1, the frame member and the joint are joined by two bolts. Therefore, regarding the joint, manufacturing accuracy is required for the planar and elevation angles of the connecting blades of the joint. Further, if the shape of the dome changes, the angle also changes. Speaking of the frame material, manufacturing accuracy is required for its length. Also, construction accuracy is required.

  In Patent Document 2, a hinged bolt (13) fitted with a tightening nut (15) is screwed to a joining base (14), and a hinged plate (23) is attached to the hinged bolt (13) at the tip. The shaft member (12) is attached to the joining base material (14) at an arbitrary angle by joining the shaft member (12) attached to the joint member with a pin bolt (11a). Therefore, it has been proposed that the shaft members (12) can be joined to each other at an arbitrary angle via the joining base material (14).

  In Patent Document 3, the hinged bolt (13) to which the tightening nut (15) is attached is screwed to the side surface of the disk-shaped joining base material (14), and is fixed at a required rotation angle. A joining device was proposed. However, an effective method of using this joining apparatus has not been proposed.

In the construction method of the dome (2) in which the shaft members (1) are joined to each other, the skeleton (7) of the predetermined dome is replaced with the dome skeleton (7) top pentagon (3) or 6 in plan view. Shaft material so that one side of the shaft material (1) on the approximate extension line (5) of the line connecting the square center (4) and the outer shaft material intersection point is separated from the intersection point and is in a flatly developed state. A plurality of hinged bolts (15) in which the joining base material (6) serving as the intersection of (1) is a polygonal or circular board and a fastening nut (14) is mounted on the side surface of the joining base material (6). , And attach or integrally process the hinged plate (16) to the tip of the shaft member (1), and connect the hinged bolt (15) and the shaft member (1) to the bolt (17) on the ground, floor, etc. in temporarily joined, the top portion pentagon (3) or suspended or push hexagonal, sequentially dome skeleton (7 Upper building a dome skeleton (7) by going joining the shaft member is released from said intersection to the lower (1) and the bonding substrate (6) from the interior to the skeleton (7) of the dome, The dome construction method is characterized by constructing the dome (2) by applying an exterior.

In the construction method of the dome (27) constructed by joining the truss beams (22) to each other, the skeleton (7) of a predetermined dome is changed into a top pentagon (3) or 6 of the dome skeleton (7) in plan view. One side of the truss beam (22) on the approximate extension line (5) of the line connecting the intersection of the square center (4) and the outer truss beam (22) is separated from the intersection and is in a state of being flatly developed. In addition, the joining base material (6) serving as the intersection of the truss beams (22) is a polygonal or circular board, and a plurality of hinges are attached to the side surfaces of the joining base material (6) with fastening nuts (14). Screw the bolt (15) and attach or integrally process the hinged plate (16) to the tip of the truss beam (22). Connect the hinged bolt (15) and the truss beam (22) on the ground, floor, etc. temporarily bolted (17), said top portion pentagon (3) or hex Hanging or pushing up, top chord member of the sequential upper truss is released from the intersection to the bottom from the beam of skeleton (7) of the dome (22) (24) or lower chord member (25) and the bonding substrate (6) The dome skeleton (7) is constructed by joining the lower chord material (25) or the upper chord material (24), which are not joined together, via the connecting material (23). The dome construction method is characterized by constructing the dome (2) by applying interior and exterior to (7).

Instead of the joining base material (6), a joining base material (18) composed of a star-shaped assembly in which a plurality of cylinders cross each other, and a bolt with hinge (15) with a tightening nut (14) mounted in each cylinder. ) May be used .

  In the dome construction method, after the dome skeleton (7) having a substantially hemispherical shape or a partial sphere shape is constructed, the dome skeleton (7) is hung or pushed up, and a predetermined entrance / exit window is provided at the lower part of the dome. Or assemble the framework for the wall to build the entire dome skeleton.

  A plurality of domes (2) are constructed simultaneously or sequentially according to the construction method of the dome, and are connected at a portion where the dome (2) contacts.

  The tip (27) of the shaft (1) or truss beam (22) is screwed to the shaft (1) or the truss beam (22), and the shaft (1) or The projecting from the truss beam (22) has a predetermined length, the shaft (1) or the truss beam (22) is bonded to the bonding substrate (6 or 18), and the dome (2 or 27) is assembled. After that, the shaft (1) or the truss beam (22) is moved so that the long side axis (28) of the cross section of the shaft (1) or the truss beam (22) is perpendicular to the dome surface (29). The shaft (1) or the truss beam (22) is rotated, and the tightening nut (30) attached to the tip (27) of the shaft (1) or the truss beam (23) is tightened to tighten the shaft (1 ) Or the truss beam (22) at the tip (27) of the shaft (1) or truss beam (22) Fixed.

In the joining apparatus for the shaft member (1) or the truss beam (22) for constructing the dome, the joining base material (6) is a polygonal or circular disk and is fastened to the side surface of the joining base material (6). with nut (14) a plurality of hinge bolts fitted with the (15) and threaded joint, shaft member (1) or tip hinged plates (16) attached or integrally machined into the truss beam (22), wherein A shaft (1) or a truss beam (22) is formed by joining a bolt (15) with a hinge to the shaft (1) or the truss beam (22) with a bolt (17) and tightening the tightening nut (14). It is the joining apparatus characterized by joining mutually .

In the joining device for the shaft member (1) or the truss beam (22) for constructing the dome, the joining base material (18) is a star-shaped assembly in which a plurality of cylinders intersect, and a fastening nut is provided in each cylinder. hinged fitted with (14) a bolt (15) and threaded joint, shaft member (1) or truss beam (22) distal end hinged plates (16) attached or integrally machined into the said hinge bolt ( 15) and the shaft member (1) or the truss beam (22) are joined by bolts (17), and the fastening nut (14) is fastened to join the shaft member (1) or the truss beam (22) to each other. It is the joining apparatus characterized by doing.

In the lifting machine (13) of the dome construction method in which the center part of the dome (2) developed in a plane is sequentially lifted to construct the dome (2), a hoisting machine such as a chain block (12) ) Or a pulley (12) for hoisting with a hoist such as a winch, and a column of the hoisting machine (13), and three or more shaft tubes (8) with each other at the top (9) hinges that change the angle The shaft tube (8) is composed of a plurality of shaft tubes (8) having different diameters, and the upper shaft tube (8) is built in the lower shaft tube (8) or the lower shaft tube (8). ), And the upper shaft tube is extended so that the end tapered surfaces (18) of the upper and lower shaft tubes (8) touch each other, and the upper shaft tube (8) or the lower shaft tube (8) The mounted nut (10) is tightened toward the lower shaft tube (8) or the upper shaft tube (8), and the upper shaft tube (8) By tightening the surface with which the lower shaft tube (8) contacts and tightening with the detent nut (11) to eliminate the return of the tightening nut (10), the struts are expanded and retracted and stored except when in use. It is the lifting machine characterized by this.

  Since the dome is constructed by suspending or pushing up the top part of the dome and assembling the lower part of the dome and the lower part and the lower part one after another, there is no need for a temporary scaffold for constructing the dome. However, it is safe because it becomes work on the ground or on the floor. In addition, depending on how the dome is skeleton, it is possible to construct the interior and exterior of the dome without requiring a temporary scaffold.

  By using a truss beam as the shaft material of the dome and using a heavy machine such as a tower crane as a lifting machine, a large-scale dome that can accommodate multi-layered buildings as shown in (3) of FIG. Can be constructed without temporary scaffolding.

  The dome can be lifted and a skeleton for the doorway, window and wall can be created at the bottom of the dome.

  Multiple domes can be built and connected.

  By using the retractable lifting machine of the present invention, a dome can be constructed at any time without using heavy equipment such as a crane.

  By using the joining device of the present invention, in the construction of a dome, the dome shaft or truss beams can be temporarily joined together on the ground or floor, and the dome is lifted up sequentially, so that there is no temporary scaffolding on the ground or floor. Or, a simple stepladder scaffold can be used to join the dome shafts or the truss beams.

  In the joining apparatus of the present invention, shaft members can be joined to each other at a free angle in a plane or elevation via a joining base material, so there is no need to change the joining base material even if the shape of the dome changes. The type of material can be standardized according to the scale of the dome.

  Since hinged bolts for joining shafts, etc., are screwed to the joining base material, adjustment of shaft length production errors and assembly construction errors from the joining base of hinged bolts is adjusted. Can be absorbed.

  Screw the end of the shaft or truss beam to the shaft or truss beam, adjust the protrusion of the tip, and tighten the tightening nut attached to the end of the shaft or truss beam to tighten the shaft or truss beam The length of can be adjusted.

  In the dome, the shaft member or the truss beam forms a triangle, and the bending force does not act on the shaft member or the like, so that the mass of the structure member can be reduced compared to a structure such as a ramen structure.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on illustrated embodiments. FIG. 1 (1) is a perspective view of the dome (2). (2) of FIG. 1 is a plan development view of the dome (2) of (1) of FIG. A lifting machine (13) for lifting the dome is arranged in the center. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a method for constructing the dome (2). In (1) of FIG. 2, the top pentagon (3) is assembled. In (2) of FIG. 2, the top pentagon (3) is lifted, and the triangles in contact with the top pentagon are joined together. In FIG. 2 (3), the lower triangle of the triangle that touches the top pentagon is joined together.
In the construction method of the dome (2) in which the shaft members (1) are joined to each other, the skeleton (7) of the predetermined dome is replaced with the dome skeleton (7) top pentagon (3) or 6 in plan view. Shaft material so that one side of the shaft material (1) on the approximate extension line (5) of the line connecting the square center (4) and the outer shaft material intersection point is separated from the intersection point and is in a flatly developed state. A plurality of hinged bolts (15) in which the joining base material (6) serving as the intersection of (1) is a polygonal or circular board and a fastening nut (14) is mounted on the side surface of the joining base material (6). , And attach or integrally process the hinged plate (16) to the tip of the shaft member (1), and connect the hinged bolt (15) and the shaft member (1) to the bolt (17) on the ground, floor, etc. in temporarily joined, the top portion pentagon (3) or suspended or push hexagonal, sequential dome skeleton (7) Building a dome skeleton (7) by the top continue to joining the shaft member is released from said intersection to the lower (1) and the bonding substrate (6), interior to the skeleton (7) of the dome, exterior The dome construction method is characterized in that the dome (2) is constructed by applying the above.
The bonding substrate (6) and the bonding apparatus are shown in (1) and (2) of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a method for constructing the dome (27) using the truss beam (22).
In the construction method of the dome (27) constructed by joining the truss beams (22) to each other, the skeleton (7) of a predetermined dome is changed into a top pentagon (3) or 6 of the dome skeleton (7) in plan view. One side of the truss beam (22) on the approximate extension line (5) of the line connecting the intersection of the square center (4) and the outer truss beam (22) is separated from the intersection and is in a state of being flatly developed. In addition, the joining base material (6) serving as the intersection of the truss beams (22) is a polygonal or circular board, and a plurality of hinges are attached to the side surfaces of the joining base material (6) with fastening nuts (14). Screw the bolt (15) and attach or integrally process the hinged plate (16) to the tip of the truss beam (22). Connect the hinged bolt (15) and the truss beam (22) on the ground, floor, etc. temporarily bolted (17), said top portion pentagon (3) or hex Hanging or pushing up, top chord member of the sequential upper truss is released from the intersection to the bottom from the beam of skeleton (7) of the dome (22) (24) or lower chord member (25) and the bonding substrate (6) The dome skeleton (7) is constructed by joining the lower chord material (25) or the upper chord material (24), which are not joined together, via the connecting material (23). The dome construction method is characterized by constructing the dome (2) by applying interior and exterior to (7).

Instead of the joining base material (6), a joining base material (18) composed of a star-shaped assembly in which a plurality of cylinders cross each other, and a bolt with hinge (15) with a tightening nut (14) mounted in each cylinder. ) May be screwed together.
The bonding substrate (18) and the bonding apparatus are shown in FIGS. 5 (2) and (3).

  In the dome construction method, after the dome skeleton (7) having a substantially hemispherical shape or a partial sphere shape is constructed, the dome skeleton (7) is hung or pushed up, and a predetermined entrance / exit window is provided at the lower part of the dome. Or the frame for the wall can be assembled to build the entire dome skeleton.

  A plurality of domes (2) can be constructed simultaneously or sequentially by the dome construction method, and the domes (2) can be connected at a portion where they are in contact.

FIG. 2 shows a front view of the lifting machine (13). (1) in FIG. 2 shows a stored state, and (2) and (3) in FIG. 2 show a state in which the shaft tube is extended. FIG. 4 is a detailed view of the lifting machine (13). However, the hoisting machine (12) is omitted, and a hook (21) for attaching the hoisting machine (12) is shown. (1) of FIG. 4 is a top view of the upper part. FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. (3) in FIG. 4 is a joint portion of the shaft tube (8).
In the lifting machine (13) of the dome construction method in which the center part of the dome (2) developed in a plane is sequentially lifted to construct the dome (2), a hoisting machine such as a chain block (12) ) Or a pulley (12) for hoisting with a hoist such as a winch, and a column of the hoisting machine (13), and three or more shaft tubes (8) with each other at the top (9) hinges that change the angle The shaft tube (8) is composed of a plurality of shaft tubes (8) having different diameters, and the upper shaft tube (8) is built in the lower shaft tube (8) or the lower shaft tube (8). ), And the upper shaft tube is extended so that the end tapered surfaces (18) of the upper and lower shaft tubes (8) touch each other, and the upper shaft tube (8) or the lower shaft tube (8) The mounted nut (10) is tightened toward the lower shaft tube (8) or the upper shaft tube (8), and the upper shaft tube (8) By tightening the surface with which the lower shaft tube (8) contacts and tightening with the detent nut (11) to eliminate the return of the tightening nut (10), the struts are expanded and retracted and stored except when in use. It is the lifting machine characterized by this.

(1) and (2) in FIG. 5 are detailed views of a joining apparatus using a polygonal or circular joining base material. (1) of FIG. 5 is CC sectional drawing of (2) of FIG. (2) of FIG. 5 is a BB cross-sectional view of (1) of FIG. In the joining apparatus for the shaft member (1) or the truss beam (22) for constructing the dome, the joining base material (6) is a polygonal or circular disk and is fastened to the side surface of the joining base material (6). with nut (14) a plurality of hinge bolts fitted with the (15) and threaded joint, shaft member (1) or tip hinged plates (16) attached or integrally machined into the truss beam (22), wherein A shaft (1) or a truss beam (22) is formed by joining a bolt (15) with a hinge to the shaft (1) or the truss beam (22) with a bolt (17) and tightening the tightening nut (14). It is the joining apparatus characterized by joining mutually .

(3) in FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a bonding apparatus using a star-shaped bonding substrate (18). The DD sectional view is in accordance with (2) of FIG. In the joining device for the shaft member (1) or the truss beam (22) for constructing the dome, the joining base material (18) is a star-shaped assembly in which a plurality of cylinders intersect, and a fastening nut is provided in each cylinder. hinged fitted with (14) a bolt (15) and threaded joint, shaft member (1) or truss beam (22) distal end hinged plates (16) attached or integrally machined into the said hinge bolt ( 15) and the shaft member (1) or the truss beam (22) are joined by bolts (17), and the fastening nut (14) is fastened to join the shaft member (1) or the truss beam (22) to each other. It is the joining apparatus characterized by doing.

(1) of FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the joining of the shaft member or the tip portion (27) of the truss beam and the truss beam (22). FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line E-E in FIG.
The tip (27) of the shaft (1) or truss beam (22) is screwed to the shaft (1) or the truss beam (22), and the shaft (1) or After projecting from the truss beam (22) to a predetermined length, the shaft (1) or the truss beam (22) is joined to the joining base (6 or 18), and the dome (2 or 27) is assembled. The shaft member (1) or the truss beam (22) is arranged so that the long side axis (28) of the cross section of the shaft member (1) or the truss beam (22) is perpendicular to the dome surface (29). (1) or the truss beam (22) is rotated, and the tightening nut (30) attached to the tip (27) of the shaft member (1) or the truss beam (23) is tightened to tighten the shaft member (1). Alternatively, the tip (27) of the truss beam (22) is connected to the shaft member (1) or the truss beam (22). A dome construction method, characterized by a constant.

(1) is a perspective view of the dome 2. (2) is a plan view of (1). Sectional drawing which showed the construction method of the dome (2). Sectional drawing which showed the construction method of the dome (27) using a truss beam (22). (1) is a top plan view of a tripod retractable lifting machine (13). (2) is AA sectional drawing of (1). (3) is a cross-sectional view of the joint portion of the shaft tube 8. (1) is CC sectional drawing of (2). (2) is BB sectional drawing of (1). (3) is sectional drawing of a star-shaped joining base material (18). (1) is sectional drawing which showed joining of the front-end | tip part (27) of a shaft material or a truss beam, and a truss beam (22). (2) is EE sectional drawing of (1).

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Shaft material 2,27 Dome 3 Top pentagon 4 Center of top pentagon 5 Center extension line connecting center of top pentagon and outer shaft shaft intersection 6, 18 Joint base material 7 Dome frame 8 Shaft tube 9 Top 10, 14, 30 Tightening nut 11 Detent nut 12 Hoisting machine or pulley 13 Hoisting machine 15 Bolt with hinge 16 Plate with hinge 17, 28 Bolt 20 Pulling rope 22 Truss beam 23 Tying material 24 Upper chord material
25 Lower chord material 26 Tower crane 27 Tip of shaft material or truss beam 28 Long side axis of cross section of shaft material or truss beam 29 Dome surface 30 Reinforcement rib

Claims (6)

In the construction method of the dome (2) in which the shaft members (1) are joined to each other, the skeleton (7) of the predetermined dome is replaced with the dome skeleton (7) top pentagon (3) or 6 in plan view. Shaft material so that one side of the shaft material (1) on the approximate extension line (5) of the line connecting the square center (4) and the outer shaft material intersection point is separated from the intersection point and is in a flatly developed state. A plurality of hinged bolts (15) in which the joining base material (6) serving as the intersection of (1) is a polygonal or circular board and a fastening nut (14) is mounted on the side surface of the joining base material (6). , And attach or integrally process the hinged plate (16) to the tip of the shaft member (1), and connect the hinged bolt (15) and the shaft member (1) to the bolt (17) on the ground, floor, etc. Then, the top pentagon (3) or hexagon is suspended or pushed up, and the dome frame (7 The dome skeleton (7) is constructed by joining the shaft member (1) and the joining base material (6) separated from the intersection from the upper part to the lower part of the dome, and the interior of the dome skeleton (7), A method for constructing a dome characterized by constructing a dome (2) by applying an exterior. In the construction method of the dome (27) constructed by joining the truss beams (22) to each other, the skeleton (7) of a predetermined dome is changed into a top pentagon (3) or 6 of the dome skeleton (7) in plan view. One side of the truss beam (22) on the approximate extension line (5) of the line connecting the intersection of the square center (4) and the outer truss beam (22) is separated from the intersection and is in a state of being flatly developed. In addition, the joining base material (6) serving as the intersection of the truss beams (22) is a polygonal or circular board, and a plurality of hinges are attached to the side surfaces of the joining base material (6) with fastening nuts (14). Screw the bolt (15) and attach or integrally process the hinged plate (16) to the tip of the truss beam (22). Connect the hinged bolt (15) and the truss beam (22) on the ground, floor, etc. Temporarily joined with bolts (17), and the top pentagon (3) or hexagon The upper chord member (24) or the lower chord member (25) of the truss beam (22) and the joint base member (6), which are separated from the intersection point from the upper part to the lower part of the skeleton (7) of the dome, in sequence. The dome skeleton (7) is constructed by joining the lower chord material (25) or the upper chord material (24), which are not joined together, via the connecting material (23). A dome construction method comprising constructing a dome (2) by applying interior and exterior to (7).   Instead of the joining base material (6), a joining base material (18) composed of a star-shaped assembly in which a plurality of cylinders cross each other, and a bolt with hinge (15) with a tightening nut (14) mounted in each cylinder. The method for constructing a dome according to claim 1, wherein the dome is screw-joined.   In the dome construction method, after the dome skeleton (7) having a substantially hemispherical shape or a partial sphere shape is constructed, the dome skeleton (7) is hung or pushed up, and a predetermined entrance / exit window is provided at the lower part of the dome. 4. The method for constructing a dome according to claim 1, wherein a framework for the wall is assembled to construct a skeleton of the entire dome.   The construction of a dome according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that a plurality of dome (2) are constructed simultaneously or sequentially according to the construction method of the dome and connected at the part where the dome (2) contacts. Method.   The tip (27) of the shaft (1) or truss beam (22) is screwed to the shaft (1) or the truss beam (22), and the shaft (1) or The projecting from the truss beam (22) has a predetermined length, the shaft (1) or the truss beam (22) is bonded to the bonding substrate (6 or 18), and the dome (2 or 27) is assembled. After that, the shaft (1) or the truss beam (22) is moved so that the long side axis (28) of the cross section of the shaft (1) or the truss beam (22) is perpendicular to the dome surface (29). The shaft (1) or the truss beam (22) is rotated, and the tightening nut (30) attached to the tip (27) of the shaft (1) or the truss beam (23) is tightened to tighten the shaft (1 ) Or the truss beam (22) at the tip (27) of the shaft (1) or truss beam (22) Claim 1, 2 or 3 dome construction method as set forth, characterized in that fixed.

Images