JP4267190B2 - Effective use of fly ash and iron-containing waste - Google Patents
Effective use of fly ash and iron-containing waste Download PDFInfo
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- JP4267190B2 JP4267190B2 JP2000279286A JP2000279286A JP4267190B2 JP 4267190 B2 JP4267190 B2 JP 4267190B2 JP 2000279286 A JP2000279286 A JP 2000279286A JP 2000279286 A JP2000279286 A JP 2000279286A JP 4267190 B2 JP4267190 B2 JP 4267190B2
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- iron
- fly ash
- containing waste
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、フライアッシュ及び鉄分含有廃棄物の有効活用方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
製鉄所では、構内に設置される石炭火力発電所からフライアッシュが発生するが、このフライアッシュは1〜10μm程度の大きさの微粉であって、取扱が不便なうえに複雑な工程と多大な労力、経費をかけて処分せねばならない。また、製鉄所では、連続鋳造鋳片や圧延時に高温に加熱された鋼片から鉄の酸化スケールが発生したり、連続鋳造鋳片を所定の長さに溶断する時に溶断屑が発生したり、鋼片の表面疵を除去する時にスカーフィング屑が発生したり、或いは、高炉、転炉、焼結炉等において鉄分が蒸発してダストが発生したりする。これら鉄の酸化スケール、溶断屑、スカーフィング屑、ダスト等は酸化鉄等の鉄分を含有するにもかかわらず品位が低いために、利用価値のない鉄分含有廃棄物として経費をかけて処分していたのである。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明が解決しようとするところは上記した従来の問題点を解決し、従来処分に苦慮していたフライアッシュを同じく処分に苦慮していた鉄分含有廃棄物とともに、資源として有効に活用するようにしたフライアッシュ及び鉄分含有廃棄物の有効活用方法を提供することにある。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記の課題を解決するためになされた本発明は、製鉄所構内で発生した鉄の酸化スケール、鉄鋼鋳片の溶断屑、スカーフィング屑、ダストのうちの少なくとも一種からなる鉄分含有廃棄物にフライアッシュとバインダーとを混合したうえ造粒して比重が2〜6のブリケットとし、このブリケットを転炉中の溶銑予備処理された溶銑上にCaOとともに投入して溶融スラグと溶銑との界面に滞留させて溶融滓化させ、溶融スラグの塩基度を3.5〜4に調整するとともに、フライアッシュ中のCを熱源として酸化鉄の還元反応を促進させて鉄分含有廃棄物中の酸化鉄を還元することによって鉄の歩留りを向上させることを特徴とするフライアッシュ及び鉄分含有廃棄物の有効活用方法を基本構成とする。なお、この発明において、鉄分含有廃棄物にフライアッシュとともに、水ガラス、リグニン、コーンスターチ、廃プラスチックのうちの何れかをバインダーとして混合したうえ造粒してブリケットとする方法を請求項2の発明とする。
【0005】
本発明のフライアッシュ及び鉄分含有廃棄物の有効活用方法は、鉄分含有廃棄物にフライアッシュを混合して成形性を高めたうえ造粒してブリケットとし、このブリケットを溶銑予備処理後の転炉内の溶銑や電気炉内の溶鋼などの溶銑上または溶鋼上に投入して溶融スラグと溶銑との界面に滞留させて溶融滓化させることにより、フライアッシュ中のSiO2 成分を溶融スラグ中に溶融させて溶融スラグの塩基度を調整し、これにより従来塩基度を調整するために用いていた珪石、アルミ灰の投入量を削減するとともに、フライアッシュ中のCを燃焼させることによって鉄分含有廃棄物中の酸化鉄の還元反応を促進して酸化鉄から鉄分を回収し、鉄の歩留りを向上させることができるようにしたものである。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下に本発明を詳細に説明する。
本発明においては、製鉄所構内で発生した鉄の酸化スケール、溶断屑、スカーフィング屑、ダスト等の鉄分含有廃棄物に、石炭火力発電所から発生したフライアッシュを混合して、この混合物に水を添加してフライアッシュに粘結性を付与して、混合物を造粒してブリケットを製造する。また、ブリケットを造粒するに際して、鉄分含有廃棄物にフライアッシュとともに、水ガラス、リグニン、コーンスターチ、小片廃プラスチック等をバインダーとして混合することによりブリケットの粘結性をさらに向上させて、ブリケットの形を壊れ難いものとすることができる。水ガラス、リグニン、コーンスターチ等のバインダーはそのまま糊化させることができるし、また、小片廃プラスチックは水蒸気により加熱、軟化させることによって、鉄分含有廃棄物をブリケット状に形成することができる。
【0007】
図1はブリケッティングマシンによりブリケットを造粒する工程を示すものであって、ホッパー1から150〜200℃に加熱されて軟化した廃プラスチックを含む混合物2を、外周面に横50mm、縦50mm、深さ15mm程度の成形用凹部(図示せず)が形成されている旋回輪3、3を回転させながらその間に吐出することによって、横50mm、縦50mm、厚み30mm程度の豆炭状のブリケット4を造粒することができる。なお、ブリケット4の比重は2〜6、特に望ましくは2.2〜5.5とするのが望ましい。その理由は、一般的に溶銑の比重は7.4〜7.8であり、スラグの比重は1.5程度であるから、ブリケット4の比重を2〜6とすることによってブリケット4を溶銑よりは軽く、スラグよりは重いものとして、ブリケット4を溶融スラグと溶銑との界面に滞留させることができて、ブリケット4を容易に溶融滓化させることができるからである。
【0008】
ところで、製鋼の一貫製造工程として、溶銑予備処理炉→溶鋼移送鍋→転炉→連続鋳造の工程により鋼を製造する工程がある。このような一貫製造工程においては、先ず溶銑予備処理炉において、溶銑の温度、約1350℃で、溶融スラグの塩基度(CaO/SiO2 )を2.1程度として、脱硫、脱珪、脱燐処理が施されるが、この溶銑予備処理によって溶銑中の硫黄、燐を所定の含有量にまで低下させることができるが、溶銑中の炭素量は初期4.3%(質量%、以下同じ)から3%程度にまで低下するとともに、0.3〜0.5%含有されていた珪素は殆ど脱珪されて溶銑中の珪素濃度は殆どゼロになってしまうので、その後SiO2 分を添加しないかぎり溶融スラグの塩基度を調整することはできない。
【0009】
溶銑予備処理された溶銑は、溶銑移送鍋により転炉にまで運搬されて、転炉で酸素吹錬することにより脱炭して、溶銑中の炭素量が所望の量にまで低下、調整される。その後、さらに脱硫、脱燐等の成分の微調整、鉄歩留り、Mn歩留りの向上のために、溶融スラグの塩基度を調整する必要があるが、上述したとおり溶銑中に珪素は殆ど含有されていないため、溶融スラグの塩基度調整にはCaOとともにSiO2 を外部より添加する必要がある。従来は珪石を蛍石やアルミ灰等の滓化促進剤とともに転炉中の約1650℃の溶銑に投入して、溶融スラグの塩基度を3.5〜4にして調整していた。
【0010】
上記したような従来の溶融スラグの塩基度調整方法に対して、本発明においては鉄分含有廃棄物にフライアッシュを混合、造粒したブリケットを、転炉中の溶銑上にCaOとともに投入することにより、溶融スラグの塩基度を3.5〜4に調整する。フライアッシュは、SiO2 60〜80%、Al2 O3 30〜15%、C 20〜5%含有するものであるから、フライアッシュをSiO2 やAl2 O3 の供給源として有効に活用することにより、珪石やアルミ灰の使用量を削減することができ、また蛍石のような有害なフッ素を発生するような鉱石を用いたりする必要もない。また、フライアッシュは、上記のようなSiO2 とAl2 O3 の混合物であるからSiO2 、Al2 O3 単体よりも融点が低く滓化性が良好である。また、フライアッシュ中のCは熱源として酸化鉄の還元反応を促進させることができ、従って、フライアッシュを構成する全成分を無駄なく有効に活用することができる。
【0011】
また、電気炉においても溶鋼にSiが存在しない場合に、本発明のブリケットを投入することにより、経済的に溶融スラグの塩基度を調整することができる。以上のようにして成分調整された溶鋼は連続鋳造工程に搬送されて、連続鋳造機により連続的にスラブやブルーム等の鋳片に鋳込まれる。
【0012】
なお、転炉の溶銑上、電気炉の溶鋼上に投入されたブリケット中の酸化鉄は鉄に還元されて、鉄の歩留りを向上させることができる。酸化鉄の還元は、例えば以下のような式により進行する。
【化1】
上記反応式は吸熱反応であるから、外部から熱エネルギーを供給することにより反応を促進させることができる。従って、フライアッシュ中のCを燃焼させることにより上記反応に反応熱を供給することができて、酸化鉄の還元反応を促進することができ、鉄の歩留りを向上させることができる。なお、発生したCOガスは、未燃焼のLDG(転炉ガス)として回収し焼鈍炉において燃焼させることにより、省エネルギーにて有効に鋼板を加熱することができる。
【0013】
本発明のフライアッシュ及び鉄分含有廃棄物の有効活用方法は、鉄の酸化スケールや鉄鋼鋳片の溶断屑等の鉄分含有廃棄物にフライアッシュを混合したうえ造粒してブリケットとし、このブリケットを溶銑予備処理後の転炉内の溶銑上または電気炉内の溶鋼上に投入して、フライアッシュ中のSiO2 成分を溶融スラグ中に溶融させて溶融スラグの塩基度を調整するとともに、フライアッシュ中のCの燃焼により鉄分含有廃棄物中の酸化鉄の還元反応を促進して酸化鉄から鉄分を回収するようにしたので、鉄の歩留りを向上させることができる。
【0014】
【表1】
〔配合例〕
なお、前表の配合例で用いたバインダーは、No.3、No.5、No.10 が水ガラス、No.4、No.7がリグニン、No.6、No.8、No.9コンスターチである。
鉄分含有廃棄物は種類によって比重が3.0〜7.8まで変化する。
【0015】
【発明の効果】
本発明は前記した説明から明らかなように、製鉄所などで多量に発生する鉄分含有廃棄物とフライアッシュとを混合したう造粒してブリケットとし、このブリケットを溶銑上や溶鋼上に投入して、フライアッシュ中のSiO2 成分を溶融スラグ中に溶融させて溶融スラグの塩基度を調整して従来使用していた珪石、アルミ灰の使用量を削減するとともに、フライアッシュ中のCの燃焼で鉄分含有廃棄物中の酸化鉄の還元反応を促進して酸化鉄から鉄分を回収するようにしたので、鉄の歩留りを向上させることができる。また、鉄分含有廃棄物にフライアッシュとともにバインダーを混合したうえ造粒してブリケットを製造するようにしたので、ブリケットの粘結力を高めて搬送中にも形の崩れ難いブリケットとすることができる。さらに、ブリケットの比重を2〜6として溶融スラグと溶銑との界面に滞留させることによりブリケットを容易に溶融滓化させることができるなど種々の利点がある。
従って、本発明は工業的価値大なるものである。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 ブリケッティングマシンによる造粒工程を示す図である。
【符号の説明】
1 ホッパー
2 混合物
3 旋回輪
4 ブリケット[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for effectively utilizing fly ash and iron-containing waste.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In the steelworks, fly ash is generated from the coal-fired power plant installed on the premises. This fly ash is a fine powder with a size of about 1 to 10 μm. It must be disposed of with labor and expense. In addition, in steelworks, iron oxide scale is generated from continuous cast slabs and steel slabs heated to high temperature during rolling, or fusing waste is generated when continuous cast slabs are melted to a predetermined length, When removing the surface flaws of the steel piece, scarfing scraps are generated, or iron is evaporated and dust is generated in a blast furnace, a converter, a sintering furnace or the like. These iron oxide scales, fusing scraps, scarfing scraps, dusts, etc. contain iron, such as iron oxide, but are of low quality, so they are disposed of as iron-containing waste that has no utility value. It was.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention is intended to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems so that fly ash, which has been difficult to dispose of in the past, is effectively utilized as a resource together with iron-containing waste that has also been difficult to dispose of. It is to provide an effective utilization method of the waste containing fly ash and iron.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention, which has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, is applied to iron-containing waste consisting of at least one of iron oxide scale generated on the premises of ironworks, fusing scraps of steel slabs, scarfing scraps, and dusts. The ash and binder are mixed and granulated to form a briquette with a specific gravity of 2 to 6, and this briquette is put together with CaO onto the hot metal that has been pre-treated with hot metal in the converter to stay at the interface between the molten slag and hot metal. The molten slag is adjusted to a basicity of 3.5 to 4, and the iron oxide in the iron-containing waste is reduced by promoting the reduction reaction of iron oxide using C in the fly ash as a heat source. Therefore, the basic structure is a fly ash and an effective utilization method of iron-containing waste characterized by improving the yield of iron. Incidentally, in the present invention, together with fly ash iron-containing waste, water glass, lignin, corn starch, and the invention of claim 2 or a and briquettes and granulated after mixed as a binder method of waste plastics To do.
[0005]
The fly ash and the iron-containing waste effective utilization method of the present invention is to improve the moldability by mixing fly ash with the iron-containing waste, and granulate it into a briquette. The converter after the hot metal pretreatment the isosamples put on or on the molten steel hot metal, such as molten steel hot metal and electric furnace of the inner and allowed to reside at the interface between the molten slag and the molten iron is melted slag formation, molten slag in the SiO 2 component in the fly ash To adjust the basicity of the molten slag, thereby reducing the amount of silica and aluminum ash used to adjust the basicity, and containing iron by burning C in fly ash The iron oxide is recovered from the iron oxide by promoting the reduction reaction of the iron oxide in the waste so that the yield of iron can be improved.
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is described in detail below.
In the present invention, fly ash generated from a coal-fired power plant is mixed with iron-containing wastes such as iron oxide scale, fusing scraps, scarfing scraps, and dusts generated on the premises of a steelworks, and water is added to the mixture. Is added to impart caking to fly ash and the mixture is granulated to produce briquettes. In addition, when granulating briquettes, the briquette shape is further improved by mixing water-containing waste, fly ash, water glass, lignin, corn starch, small piece waste plastic, etc. as a binder. Can be hard to break. Binders such as water glass, lignin, and corn starch can be gelatinized as they are, and small waste plastic can be heated and softened with water vapor to form iron-containing waste in a briquette form.
[0007]
FIG. 1 shows a process of granulating briquettes using a briquetting machine. A mixture 2 containing waste plastic softened by heating from 150 to 200 ° C. from a hopper 1 is 50 mm wide and 50 mm long. By rotating the swirling wheels 3 and 3 formed with a molding recess (not shown) having a depth of about 15 mm and discharging between them, a bean-charcoal briquette 4 having a width of about 50 mm, a length of 50 mm, and a thickness of about 30 mm. Can be granulated. The specific gravity of the briquette 4 is 2 to 6, particularly preferably 2.2 to 5.5. The reason is that the specific gravity of the hot metal is generally 7.4 to 7.8 and the specific gravity of the slag is about 1.5. Therefore, by setting the specific gravity of the briquette 4 to 2 to 6, the briquette 4 is made from the hot metal. This is because the briquette 4 can be retained at the interface between the molten slag and the molten iron, and the briquette 4 can be easily melted and hatched.
[0008]
By the way, as an integrated manufacturing process of steelmaking, there is a process of manufacturing steel by a hot metal pretreatment furnace → a molten steel transfer pan → a converter → a continuous casting process. In such an integrated manufacturing process, first, in the hot metal pretreatment furnace, the temperature of the hot metal is about 1350 ° C., the basicity of the molten slag (CaO / SiO 2 ) is about 2.1, and desulfurization, desiliconization, and dephosphorization are performed. Although the treatment is performed, sulfur and phosphorus in the hot metal can be reduced to a predetermined content by this hot metal pretreatment, but the carbon content in the hot metal is initially 4.3% (mass%, the same applies hereinafter). with drops to about 3 percent, the concentration of silicon in from 0.3 to 0.5 percent content once was silicon is almost desiliconization with hot metal would almost to zero, without the addition of subsequent SiO 2 minutes As long as the basicity of the molten slag cannot be adjusted.
[0009]
The hot metal that has been pre-treated with the hot metal is transported to the converter by the hot metal transfer pan, decarburized by oxygen blowing in the converter, and the amount of carbon in the hot metal is reduced and adjusted to the desired amount. . After that, it is necessary to adjust the basicity of the molten slag for fine adjustment of components such as desulfurization and dephosphorization, iron yield, and improvement of Mn yield. However, as mentioned above, the molten iron contains almost no silicon. Therefore, it is necessary to add SiO 2 together with CaO from the outside in order to adjust the basicity of the molten slag. Conventionally, silica was introduced into a molten iron at about 1650 ° C. in a converter together with a hatching accelerator such as fluorite and aluminum ash to adjust the basicity of the molten slag to 3.5 to 4.
[0010]
Compared to the conventional method for adjusting the basicity of molten slag as described above, in the present invention, the fly ash is mixed with the iron-containing waste, and the granulated briquette is put together with CaO on the hot metal in the converter. The basicity of the molten slag is adjusted to 3.5-4. Since fly ash contains 60 to 80% SiO 2 , 30 to 15% Al 2 O 3 and 20 to 5 % C, fly ash is effectively used as a source of SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3. Thus, the amount of silica and aluminum ash used can be reduced, and it is not necessary to use ore that generates harmful fluorine such as fluorite. Further, fly ash is a mixture of SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 as described above, and therefore has a lower melting point and better hatchability than SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 alone. Further, C in the fly ash can promote the reduction reaction of iron oxide as a heat source, and therefore, all components constituting the fly ash can be effectively utilized without waste.
[0011]
In addition, in the electric furnace, when Si does not exist in the molten steel, the basicity of the molten slag can be adjusted economically by introducing the briquette of the present invention. The molten steel whose components have been adjusted as described above is conveyed to a continuous casting process and continuously cast into a slab such as a slab or a bloom by a continuous casting machine.
[0012]
Note that the iron oxide in the briquette put on the molten iron in the converter and on the molten steel in the electric furnace is reduced to iron, and the yield of iron can be improved. Reduction of iron oxide proceeds, for example, according to the following equation.
[Chemical 1]
Since the above reaction formula is an endothermic reaction, the reaction can be promoted by supplying heat energy from the outside. Therefore, by burning C in fly ash, reaction heat can be supplied to the above reaction, the reduction reaction of iron oxide can be promoted, and the yield of iron can be improved. The generated CO gas is recovered as unburned LDG (converter gas) and burned in an annealing furnace, so that the steel sheet can be effectively heated with energy saving.
[0013]
The fly ash and the iron-containing waste are effectively used in the present invention by mixing fly ash with iron-containing waste such as iron oxide scale and fusing scraps of steel slabs and granulating it to form briquettes. The molten iron is put on the hot metal in the converter after the hot metal pretreatment or on the molten steel in the electric furnace, and the SiO 2 component in the fly ash is melted in the molten slag to adjust the basicity of the molten slag and fly ash. Since the reduction of iron oxide in the iron-containing waste is promoted by the combustion of C therein, and the iron content is recovered from the iron oxide, the yield of iron can be improved.
[0014]
[Table 1]
[Example of formulation]
The binders used in the formulation examples in the previous table are No. 3, No. 5, No. 10 water glass, No. 4, No. 7 lignin, No. 6, No. 8, No. 9 starch. It is.
The specific gravity of iron-containing waste varies from 3.0 to 7.8 depending on the type.
[0015]
【The invention's effect】
As is clear from the above description, the present invention is a briquette obtained by mixing iron-containing waste and fly ash, which are generated in a large amount at a steel mill, and the briquette is put on hot metal or molten steel. In addition, the SiO 2 component in the fly ash is melted in the molten slag to adjust the basicity of the molten slag to reduce the amount of silica and aluminum ash used in the past, and the combustion of C in the fly ash Thus, since the iron oxide is recovered from the iron oxide by promoting the reduction reaction of the iron oxide in the iron-containing waste, the yield of iron can be improved. Moreover, since the briquette is produced by mixing the iron-containing waste with fly ash and the binder and granulating it, it is possible to increase the briquette's cohesive force and to make the briquette difficult to collapse during transportation. . Furthermore, there are various advantages such that the briquette can be easily melted and hatched by retaining the briquette with a specific gravity of 2 to 6 at the interface between the molten slag and the molten iron.
Therefore, the present invention has great industrial value.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a granulation process using a briquetting machine.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Hopper 2 Mixture 3 Swivel Wheel 4 Briquette
Claims (2)
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JP2000279286A JP4267190B2 (en) | 2000-09-14 | 2000-09-14 | Effective use of fly ash and iron-containing waste |
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JP2000279286A JP4267190B2 (en) | 2000-09-14 | 2000-09-14 | Effective use of fly ash and iron-containing waste |
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JP4267190B2 true JP4267190B2 (en) | 2009-05-27 |
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Cited By (1)
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CN103710478A (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2014-04-09 | 广西铁合金有限责任公司 | Method and device for preparing pure manganese ore with automatic sintering and preferential reduction by powder spraying of manganese silicon slag |
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JP2005282074A (en) * | 2004-03-29 | 2005-10-13 | Shin Caterpillar Mitsubishi Ltd | Recyclable counterweight and method of manufacturing the same |
JP2005282090A (en) * | 2004-03-29 | 2005-10-13 | Shin Caterpillar Mitsubishi Ltd | Recyclable counterweight and method of manufacturing the same |
DE102007006529A1 (en) * | 2007-02-09 | 2008-08-14 | Sms Demag Ag | Process and reduction of a chromium-containing slag in an electric arc furnace |
JP5058917B2 (en) * | 2008-08-20 | 2012-10-24 | 電気化学工業株式会社 | Solidified material for increasing hot strength of ore powder, ore powder pellets using the same, and method for producing the same |
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CN106480310B (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2018-05-29 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Method for removing alkali metal from metallurgical dust and mud |
CN107012283B (en) * | 2016-01-27 | 2018-10-09 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Converter slag retention method |
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- 2000-09-14 JP JP2000279286A patent/JP4267190B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103710478A (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2014-04-09 | 广西铁合金有限责任公司 | Method and device for preparing pure manganese ore with automatic sintering and preferential reduction by powder spraying of manganese silicon slag |
CN103710478B (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2015-06-10 | 广西铁合金有限责任公司 | Method and device for preparing pure manganese ore with automatic sintering and preferential reduction by powder spraying of manganese silicon slag |
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